roRAULECS AO MLD vcs Unaverstey of Canterbury, Cartatchureh, Ney Zeeland A Soon ROCK TRAP 18 LEMENTEN FOMER TORSEL wy ‘A rock trap ta described which has been successfully used in trapping debt \ivich 49 cheriad slong an tnlined pressure tunnel. Material caught im the trap eat b ‘enoved through e scouring pipe without iaverrupting the tuanel flow. Mosel and prototype inferastion have boen seed to formulate s eet of design rules £0r use Sn Foture Geeigne of evch scnuring sock temper Civit Design Division, Byéro-tlectrte Coamisston, * (osnce deceased)50 Parangann dam diverse the headvaters of the Mersey River through a fout mile (6.4 Xa) Lo otinedl 16 ft, (5.3 a) wide, dnverted Uy preseure tunnel, Past che rock trap, hanes throug ‘S00"£e. (0970 ) Lone penstock to Lauonthyae pover station ehich Siashargss’to the Torth fiver. ‘he coubined flav then peoees thtoubh Cathaaa, Devils Cate sod Paloons fondo sod power stations Turbine rated discharge x 1697 cusece (42.4 cumacs) at 457 ££. (129.3 1) head to produce 56 mi “Tunnel flay ds pernitted to be increased by sinultancous gparstion of the rock trap Scouting to's aexinun of 1600 cusece (49 chases) Lenonthyme tunnel was drivon through quartsite and achiste containing extensive graphitic foincs and vie holed through cn Sed Aupusty 1967. The power station weat inte service oe 21ce ‘saci, 1969." The, Scouring roo trap hae operated aniatactoriy to eenove il evepped mtersal Deseription of the Seouring Rock Desp ‘he rock trap ts eituaced et the domatraan ond of the tunel, and was developed ass te1f— leanetng nie to protect the pendtock and turbine fsam erosions” Haterial depocied tn the rock {cap ia ducharge’ through a 1-3/8" (797 ma) cia. aeour pipe tito a by-pass Wissipater, om ‘opening first a 24" (0m) bucterfly valve and then a 24°" (6l0 aa) severeed tatlal gate ca the bloe outlet. fn upoteean splicter thisld protects the buttesfly vatve fron bela otewck by reer Ste particles moviog alzgs che tunnel invert are trapped between traneverse baffice (Ps. 1) vison are 3 (76 an) wide by 12" (OOS ox) decp. the original spacing war 3" (229 ax) aperts ‘here Were 29 baffles and 30 spaces. Subsequeat Aydceulfc nodal atutisa showed that the tezpring sud retaining of matectal woutd be inprowed by putting cover plates over the two upstreen Defies ‘sed the three doonstrean baffles. The third upotrean baffle vas Tenoved together withthe fifth, wveath, ninth, cleventh, thirteenth, f4fsasneh, seventeenthy ninctesnth anf teesty-ftest, Te Fourth baffle was raised’ 6 (52 ma): Eddlar ate susceioed beteect the baffles, and carey matertal ae ies angle of Pepoees 300 f. (20 m) of tho tunel upstream of the rock trap was Lined with guntte to prevent ‘usterial in’ chia efen falling from the Toot and ty-paseing che tea Tig. 2 gives docatis for fature designs of the scour box at the bottom of the pyrantel hor Scone pavticiee Fall through the comecting slot and coms to tert ot the angle of teposes, ‘There oe 4a bafele in the scour bor, at the wpotrean ead of the tlat, wich prevents saterial rilfing upstve ‘nen sufficient asteriai ie tn the lover chamber, {t sehie'the hole in the base of che honsee? ‘Gtonat acacia fills the hopper iiteut disturbing the material ithe chanters "The Sownatons ovosereas of fe: In ehe schene a 500 cusec (14.2 cumec) by-pass veo provided to enable flog to be diverted from ‘he dovestresn eof G¢ che tunel vis Lenoathyue Creek ta tha Porth River dowatceam porey. stations hile Lenvuthyae peastock or pover station tt closed for auiatensnce, “The 48" (219 aa) by-oaas Dine ends in a concrete eoergy diosipating aeracture. Thin structure tr alsa used te recelve che futFiow from the scouring rock trap and is fitted vith stoplogs assoes the outlet oo chat’ debcis can ‘be trapped, and'che quantities measured. The outlet pipe excende 700 fe. (Eli 2) fom the scour Sot soa isvburied below the invert of the tinal, Te ver planned eo be not iets then 30" (62 a) di > thie nan accete vould be possible te clear a blockage it one vesurred. ‘he operating head on che scourtng ayaten varies frow 67 ££. (26 m) co 136 ft, (li a) a0 that clear water velocities of 25 ftfece (1-6 a/scc) to 3 fe/nee (10.4 a/eae) are porsible ‘To enpty the trap, che butterfly valve te opened wd Scout Sais 'sutenticllyrepiaes by ervity fromthe hops unt! Hall tot) ate 105 eubie yards (80a) capscity can be enptied in 8 minutes. Power production 1s not interrupted. then the reverse radial gate is opened. ‘rapped asterial cizoe range fron 1 mn to 00 mm with mich finer aaterial passing to the ponacoct where it docs no danapesst Lockage with Sic ne of the major consarns was to avoid blockage of the trap by aticke of ether bush tsber ox say tinber. péto-Biectric Cnnlerion Intakes er noreally etigoed eth crashracks co {G's} iong azick of 2y" (4) mn) dis. has passed through = 2" (Sl ma) clear rack apacing. ihe Fach speciag et Lenonthye camel tneske 12 24° (3 m) clear and the trap se proportioned to pees 12 fe {Go} a) Jong. cimbere without bleckape, 26h Fgh Uist om 3252 mn) meen 9" (i29 nn) below the battles along che tensel tavert, Unfortanately Soorsderavle blockage ves Caused by 4 bullo-an of material on the 6 x 6% (151 ume 152 on) mest ich filed up to the top of the 12" w'y” (60S amt 76 ax) concrete baffles. Bush labor vas found ‘the sesh vith ailled riaber and smaller pisces of rock wish wp eo S* (127 mn) saterii on the fp. Ia damage vo the turbine oF ponstock, Tolloviag thie discovery the baffle faz an operating unit in Zoids Comar flume which 4a part of the Creat Lake Powsr Davelopaant. ‘he materiale wood in the teste ranged from uniform gravels to actual scaled dow material com vhe Lemontnyan Tunnel, A aisture of gravel and steel alia ven goed in one stay 82 ease thfacts of avieua which aight find thett way Into the Era. Yor the seustes of trapping effictency of the baffles, crushed anthracite was used. (Q) the trap aust be capsbie of beige completely emptied without blockages or hold-sps SE ehTDaetaly cote ener such seere sod snes coitone ao faning alta (2 he Eeon shoud sti opera even wien eaclyewpty ak water could pats down fron (2) Te rate of movement of material must be auch thet troublasoae concentrations of solide Gliooe cesar in the discharge Fleet (©) Tye arvantenent of the baffles over the trap should be such that @ maxim emDunt fof patertal to caught and reteteed. the scour bor, for eifterent dimensions of the bor, and different vatervay configurations. Pron this Enformation it was possible to formulate an empirical equation eo cover the rate of movencat of ‘the scour discharge pipe would run alternatively in a deposit and noe-deposit regine. The eysten ‘teste vere alco done to enture that should the flow be turned off during the process of ‘ig ans conned (at 1) wan od ag aude tothe anouc of macarta which ould be deposed fchlcai shapes” The amount deposited ia the Haas rock trap wes equivalent ¢o,0.9 in. (23m) fron the “hole of the invert. onventZonal Fook fraps of sch copsciey that they need sever be elemeé were oubidered, Seceusc Lenonthme tunnel pasote thcough veil foliated, highly contorted quart ales Shiney te vas expected that flaky particle shapes could Anoreare she snount Seposited Sn'the trap £0 he eguivaiene of 1-5 4m: (IU ae) depen efoded from the invert making a total qumty of 130) cu.2107 o> co be trappod, tad ehe actual thickness becom of retl eigaificance, an attenpt ght ava en ade Co teaeas thia ore closely ty tubjacting octuelspett frow te’ canoe to the overt ‘hear strere antvcipaved. i Actual results choy a rave of trapping of material of about 6 ou:fe. (0-17 m9) pie machine raging our tabig co 4 Ges. 0) er out Te resent yield Santee Stan for fd at’ 1600 cusecs (45 cunees) vith the by-pees operating concincourly snd with the acovr Valve sed for fine discharge contrel. Trapped aateriai in washed thigugh the iss ipator tor sad’ sry. lovever, iis estimated chat 1000 to 1300 curyay (765 to 1147 m8) have dean passed enous the Scouring trap and the presene rate of trapping Sa about cute” (WS smecs) per hour oF machine ‘he wacerdal trapped was (a) quarts, (Q) shist, (c) concrete or concrete agereyates (wort ly ‘rom gundting)» (8) qusees (rom veine ia the songs) ‘Atcer completion of the tunelLing, the locomotive ratte and sleepers wee resoved and the spoil wae: cenoved trou the invert down to the Tock pelats aang s belidoses which Finally ‘Sekbited the sensintng spoil seoeth: of cho tunel var rostriceed to a moxie of 65 cusecs (1.8 cunece) by nator cy Intake gate throwph e 2 ft. 6 i. (J62 ae) dia. butterély valve cesericted 25 Hen csi pate tn he warn tacton ot he byepene nip, tan une Hiky ine Yarles fron 33 to 40 hours depending on Parangana poad level,” The tunael filling rate ves kept SSAll co nininiae the disturbance t¢ the suooth invert, particularly that ue tothe increased sheae produced by soranl Tlav depth corresponding to the Filling dlecharse: coarser material which protected the fine aateriai below. Tha higher the plasned tinsel velociey, ‘he coarser the surface watch vill be lefe en the Savert, and the Righer vill be Manning's nm Ie Seer Gh Inver ot nay be sromuet wish stunt shot in. (leas) sl inthe urate ‘oach and-4 G0 5 dar (00 to 150 ma) aioe ia the schist Seadhee. Taonania tansels and conduits users groy an inaroalcoting of magaeae bacterial «line the tonvel davert sides ehish indiceter stabilicy has been Feached these.” Tavere material generally ser est the niddle half of the Snvere, One fateresting checrvation of the slime deposit on the 20 ft, (6 m) concrete apron upstrean ‘of cho rock trap shoved that material sowed to cha trap Alone s 5 ft. (Sa) wide path paratiel > the Camel arisy se that che Fight Hand side of the rock trap oaly was being aoels this wos sreroone by placing a 6" x 6" (152'an ¥ 182 mm) angle tion as a deflector on the concrete aprone ‘Great care should aisaye be exsrcised to avalé addiea Su the or approaching a teaps eloguate Silargenose trenetetons should be used to avoid separation at the bet eaten Bales The following dasign roles deposit flow Teams. 4 langen of straight wall asction of scour tox, shortest pote. 1s the scour box waterway ares vhea there {a material in the trsp. 4s discharge through che aysten, rate of movement of macerisl from scaur bor. ‘= tengen of opening between hopper snd semur box at iteUte moun tunnel velocity tm fe. per eee ¥ Se scour pipe vetoetty (From a imowledge of the project, calculate the muximan velocity {n the tanael or channel. (@) From the appropriece curve 1a Fig. 3 shoeing the relationship berween the stone size moved Sul'ehe water velocity, Pick a atone sina 'd' corvaspooding to the maxim velocity. Toere eves were derived from vork reported by Condolian and Cuapus for Slesad condstts snd (Corpe of Baginears Data shecte Tiz-1y T12-1/1 for open coneuies ©) ako scour box depen ‘DY equal to 6 x 4, (Pg. 2) except that ‘0! shall not be Less then ois. G32 am vata b= 5.6 () mate w= 5.30 (© vate t= 20 () Mate 3 =40 (Take V nin, = Une. an 2 lot approxination. () Toon A= 1.65 D? assuming opott riL1s to the outside ede of the azour bor. (lo) And @ = 1.65 DIV an & tet approxination. (42) choose » scour pipe dianacer. 0 a forot guess tt can be nade equal to the ecour box depth D. Yor ths pipe sles calculate’ the nuciaun and nintnan velocities tn the pipe eal scour bet "fue headions batuoan che Catnel and's point Just downstream of the scour BOX May sae mT LIS (22) Catzatate the rate of movanent of material out of che scour tox for minimum and mexinun ‘elseian, and for'aweicity cash to sppronnely the mn of the mines aad sion, Me 56x rtp yb (43) Fram (LD to (22) catcutace che concentrations of material in water for the meximm, minis ‘hd snteruediste velocities. (G4 check, chat each concentration tn (13) {9 lover by 4 factor of sbout three comered with that thon’ fon the carve #ug. 4 which war adopted fam wok by Condolios and Cheput Baf."2. (23) TE necessary cepeat stsps (11) to (24) until the concentratton 4a clear of the deposit foe opine by ¢ factor of safety of the (45) ound off the pipe size AE need be to the nearest aise svatLable coameretally end recheck (07) chock that the meximn velocity hough she ssour pipe 2 aot less than 9 f2. per onc, for this cnleulation the hopper {a eerumed to be virtaeliy emey, end the Needlocs between the fume! and a polat Just Gometrena of the scour bor ie seoutad eo be l= 1-3 [Stal head aad friction dowasereen end velocity head ae exit. (18) complece other details of design at shown dn Pig, 2. ty bebtevd tha on of she dertgn cee renee re vill epabe uses t deen pen chanel vireastly deatgned aa a large nodel.” Ue alee have another trap in Wilnoe tunel SEEN the trap of dimensions half thone waed at Lenonthynsey "lined taverts and sand txape, BAAS ydeo Electric Power Proje ‘Trane A8.0r8- Peper Ho. 3008°p. 969 (1939). ae ‘condolioe and chapus ~ “Chentcal Engineering" ~ 24th June, Sth July, 22nd July, 1963, Actnowedgenene We wish to express our appreciation to the Byleo-Electrie Commission ani to the Com Sir Allan EStght, Cuts Gsy MH, BSec, Br Coney Talsbe (Aust) for the gpportuntcy to presest ‘hls paper, and to thank’ ali those vig have helped in’ the tena effort of developiag che sesering och tan, ‘parefcelarly Hytaulice Lshratory Engnasry WF. Havin tho developed oer lateot design Addondun by TM, trate Me, PTA. Griffiths, sho dled suddenly az ear report soared complation, eal vie wan a source of ‘nipitaiion to all vio wore associated with his,