GRAMMAR Worksheets ANDY and AUDREY JACKSONContents v_ Introduction vi Glossary Worksheet Ne (Z| 1 Grammatical terms [I] 2 Using the tapescripts Adjectival phrases Adjectives: Adjectives and adverbs: Adverbials: Miu E81) 12 Adverbs of degree: (0) 13 Articles: Ou 15 (1) 16 Nouns: [1) 17 Prepositional phrases I: (] 18 Prepositional phrases II (1) 19 Prepositions: [1] 20 Prepositions and link words: [E] 21 Prepositions of time: ea[1) 22 Pronow [1] 23 Punctuation: (1) 24 [1] 25 Quantifiers Relative clauses: © a7 Reported speech: €a[1) 31 Subordinate clauses: (1) 32 Time expressions: eal ss (1 84 Verbs: eal) 35 order position compound comparative and superlative order concession and contrast Purpose reason fairly, quite, rather definite/indefinite newspaper headlines with geographical names countable and uncountable at, by, for in, on, out of to + verb with gerunds at, in, on, from... to, by apostrophes commas defining versus non-defining whose passive forms questions reporting verbs time since, for, in, ago still, yet, already conditionals I and II conditional III When is a verb not a verb? T'm sorry, I'll say that again. ‘The man with the bald head The old grey mare This is something new! A five-day week Which shoes are the cheapest? They left. quickly for the station the next morning. Although it was raining, we went for a walk. Tonly did it to please you. ‘The plane was late because of the weather. ‘This is rather too easy for me. Is it a god or the god? ‘Man bites dog. Around the world in 8 days Quiet waters run deep. Will she be at home for a while? He's out of town on business. T object to doing this! Please pay before leaving. It happened at 8 o'clock in the morning on Monday. I prefer the black ones. Tcan't and I won't, so that's it! If, however, you agree, I'll do it. ‘There's little tea but lots of coffee. Shakespeare, who died in 1616, wrote many plays. ‘The man whose car was stolen Ten men are said to have been killed. He asked me where fish get their money from. He asked her to marry him. Tl help you as soon as I've finished this exercise. We've been married since 1973. Haven't you finished yet? Are you still working? Ifhe applies, he'll get the job. Twould have called if you had told me.(0 36 37 (0 ss a1) 39 Verbs: elt) 40 ela 42 43 eal 46 ella 49 eal 50 eal 51 eait) 52 (0) 57 elt 58 (59 (Zl 61 (0 62 (1 63 (1) 64 eal 65 eal 66 (1) 67 Phrasal verb table conditional (It's time/I'd rather) conditional revision forget, remember, stop, try +-ing or to from adjectives future continuous future perfect, future review get infinitive phrases after question words in newspaper headlines modals of obligation and advice modals of past probability modals of probability perception + participle or infinitive passive, causative passive, general past perfect phrasal verbs I phrasal verbs II phrasal verbs III phrasal verbs IV plus gerund or to + infinitive plus object + simple infinitive plus object + to + infinitive present perfect versus past present simple versus continuous transitive and intransitive tense revision I tense revision II used to, be/get used to wish It’s time you got up! I would if I could. Let's try doing it this way. It’s too long — we must shorten it. She'll be coming round the mountain when she comes. We'll have finished by the time they get here. What will the weather be like tomorrow? Tve got to get ready. I don't know what to do! Man lands on Mars. You should be more careful. You must have been a beautiful baby. ‘You must be the new sales assistant. Tean hear someone coming. I must get my hair cut. The record has been broken. When I looked up, she had gone. T'm nearly ready ~ hang on a minute. Give it up! What does RSVP stand for? Mick’s gone down with ‘lu. Do you mind waiting? Please don't make me go home! Iwant you to help me. Have you been there? Yes, I went last week. I know what I'm doing! He walks his dog in the park every Sunday. Have a nice meal! She surprised everyone. Tused to enjoy this, but now I hate it! Iwish I had a car. i Worksheets marked with this symbol have accompanying cassette tape drills. The tapescripts for these drills are at the end of the book. They are numbered 1 to 22.Glossary subject verb object adverbial noun phrase verb phrase noun phrase prepositional phrase possessive definite proper noun modal verb article adjective noun | preposition article noun John couldn't find his pet dog. the garden| subject verb object adverbial noun phrase verb phrase subordinate clause quantifer definite adjective noun awsiiary ab ver pronoun Conjunction pronoun verb ‘Most of the new guests) had met him before they left. adjective adverb adverbial article auxiliary verb conditional demonstrative gerund infinitive: a) simple infinitive b) to- infinitive modal noun passive phrasal verb preposition prepositional phrase pronoun relative clause tense verb dirty, old, blue, wooden The tall girl wore a new dress. slowly, never, happily, sideways They often fly overhead. in the morning, when she spoke He found the mouse under the table. the, a have, be, do, was, did if, unless these, that walking, singing, laughing ‘make, play to do, to work can, would, must girl, chair, wind, love is made, was mended put up, look after at, beside, in front of, by The tea has an excellent flavour. She didn’t listen while they were talking. They won't hear unless you shout. This picture is nicer than that one. Do you enjoy swimming? I can’t play the piano. She wants to meet you. ‘You may be right. ‘The room has little furniture. My car has been stolen. What have you been getting up to? They arrived at the party in the evening. in the green dress, on his head _ The lady in the pink suit is sitting in the shade. we, myself, who, that who ran away, that works goes, went, has gone run, find, give She's got the one that you want. ‘The person who spoke was angry. TU go as soon as they have arrived. She smiled at him.Grammatical terms When is a verb not a verb? Every word in English can be put into a grammatical category, such as noun, verb, preposition, ete. Some words may belong to more than one category, depending on their meaning and how they are used. Examples: She likes ice-cream (verb). He has many likes and dislikes (noun). You must do it like this (preposition). Alll good learner's dictionaries give the category after the headword, before the definition. Example: Biology noun [U) the scientific study of living things Exercise A Choose one of the grammatical terms from the box to describe each of the underlined words or phrases in the following sentences: article adverb of frequency | gerund [ phrasal verb | adjective | — preposition adverb reflexive pronoun [ conjunction | present participle | noun | adjective That bull looks friendly enough. adjective Which blue do you prefer, the dark one or the light one? Tve just bought a nice blue scarf. 1 sometimes wonder why I bother. ‘The cat was hiding under the table. ‘My boyfriend hates dancing. He made himself another cup of tea. ‘Welll all go home as soon as the bell rings. ‘Mary really works hard. 10 Last night I dreamed I was an elephant. 11 She has lovely smiling eyes. 12, T'm going to give up smoking next year. waraankene Exercise B ‘The verb in English has a tense. It can also be simple or continuous, active or passive, positive or negative. Describe the following verbs. Example: ‘The house was being painted. ‘past continuous passive ‘The moon had risen when they left. ‘The food will be divided amongst them. She has been sitting here for over an hour. He cut his finger. She won't have heard yet. What's happening? The lights weren't working at the time. This picture wasn’t painted by Picasso. ‘oussed ayduus eed @ ‘anne anneau snonuquos ysed 2 !aanze snonunueD “qian josoiyd gr ‘opdionod quaeasd TT juosaid g !annpe anneou ajduns y9p10d axmyry g ‘2[Rue OT “Guoape g ‘uonsuntuos g ‘anne ojdunsye0d “oan snonuruo9 s29psad quasaud funowoid aairoyes 2 “punsod @ ‘uonisodasd g ‘need ojduus aumany g ‘onnoe ojduutsyogjod sed { gq ‘Aouanbay jo quospe F ‘aanzelpe g ‘unoU g ‘aanoalpe TV ‘SUaMSNV1 Using the tapescripts f= | I'm sorry, I'll say that again. Some of the Intermediate Worksheets (those marked with €B) have accompanying drills on the cassette. These drills take one of the grammatical points from the Worksheet and give a set of sentences using it with everyday vocabulary and situations. ‘There are always two examples given of the kind of response expected. These are given at the beginning and then repeated, introducing a bell sound to tell you when to respond. ‘Some of the responses may be quite long and complicated. You may be required to change tenses, or nouns to pronouns, etc. It is difficult at first to remember what to say and how to say it. To get used to using the drills there are a number of things you can do. 1 Listen to the drill all the way through ~ do not try to answer yourself. 2 Listen to the drill and repeat the answer silently with the speaker. 3 Keep your finger on the pause button of your machine, and stop your machine as soon as you hear the bell, to give yourself time to work out and practise the answer silently before you respond. Then start to speak as soon as you release the pause button. 4 Repeat the correct response again, immediately after hearing it, before the next question. This time, try to concentrate on getting the same intonation in your voice as the speaker. 5 Relax and enjoy the drills. You may find some of them silly or stupid, but all the language practised is useful! 6 Try to make up some more drills using the same grammar point, and check them with your teacher to see if they are correct. 2 Here is part of Exercise 1 from the tape. Before you listen to it, try to complete the sentences: Jane: I've just met a man. He was wearing a pink wig. Mary: Really! You met aman wearing a pink wig? Jane: Yes, and I met a girl who had a snake round her neck. 1 Mary: Jane: Yes, and then I met a film producer. He had a long beard. 2 Mary: Jane: Yes, and then I met a dentist. He was wearing a white coat. 3 Mary: Jane: Yes, and then I met a countess. She was wearing a tiara. 4 Mary: ‘ Jane: Yes, and then I met a priest. He was carrying a large bible. 5 Mary: Jane: Yes, and then I mot a rock singer. He had a ring in his nose. 6 Mary: Jane: Yes, and then I woke up! {osou sy ur Fu w yyeM sats ou e your nog TEAL cot atte w Haase youd w yous nog jsTeoN g jeAEN B RutABOM seapEMOD w UE MOA |AIM H ZOD MP P U STIUOP v 19uL nog iA6=Y {pq uo] w ype JooNpoud ww 29m Mog |IEOY g {APU AVY puns axCUS WIE LB OWE NOR (AE ‘SUaMSNV| 3 Adqjectival phrases | ome | The man with the bald head To describe a noun we can use an adjective (an old woman — see Elementary Worksheet 1), a relative clause (people who are in their eighties ~ see Elementary Worksheets 31 and 32) or we can use an adjectival phrase. This can be: 1 a preposition plus a noun, usually with an adjective Examples: a dog with a shaggy tail, a news reader with glasses, a doctor in a white coat 2 a present participle plus object or adverbial (active) Examples: a stranger carrying a box, a room smelling of flowers, a plant growing in the shade 8 a past participle plus agent or adverbial (passive) Examples: a flower worn by the bridegroom, a picture painted by Rembrandt, _ giraffe wearing a a bird seen in the spring bowler hat Exercise A Rewrite the pairs of sentences below as one sentence. Examples: ‘The car was taken by the actress. She had a Welsh accent. The car was taken by the actress with a Welsh accent. ‘The notice says the game is cancelled. It is pinned on the board. The notice pinned on the board says the game is cancelled. 1 The treasure has been identified as Roman. It was discovered last week. 2 The children must have seen it. They were playing outside. 3 You'll find it on the table. The table is in the living room. 4 Judith has just shown me a blackbird’s nest. It has six eggs in it. 5 They're looking for a graduate. He or she must have a degree in Sociology. 6 Anew play has just started in London. Arthur Daley wrote it. 7 A soldier was first on the scene. He was wearing full dress uniform. 8 That special sign means this antique is genuine. It is printed on the bottom. 9 A tall, dark girl opened the door. She had shoulder-length hair. 10 The green leather jacket would look rather good on me. It’s on display in the window. Exercise B © Do Exercise 1 on the cassette. ‘9 uo poo 300) pom mopar ‘yp wt Keydssp wo yoy soya wad. 24, OT “s00p o43 pouodo stey YpAUaT-rapIMONs HAE EE LEP ITM V6 “OUINU st ‘onbruw sq) sueow worrog axp uo pajuid ue jersods yey, g “SUDNS ou Wo Iely Sw kHacyTUN Seasp Try HuLABOM sOIpIOS VL ‘wopuer ut paxers snk sey Kaye IMIPEY Ky UDR Ko|d MOU YQ “ABO|ODOS UI 9asHap v UIE ayEMpEAM v.05 HEPyOOT aycouy, 9.21 UL SRO xs qiun SoU SpNEyDETG vou! UnoYS Yank SEY PME. F “woos Ruta ox UI |e OMA UO 1 PUY ILA vi des aaey yen opisyno HuxKw[d UDIpIIYP aug, % "WEWOY SB paynUeps uoad sex aA ISH PALOACDSIp AUNEOR) ML, TV. SUaMSNV| Adjectives: order eI The old grey mare ‘When we use more than one adjective with a noun, there is a general rule for the order in which we use them. This rule says that the more specific or objective the adjective, the closer to the noun. Adjectives expressing opinion (wonderful, horrible) usually come first: o i “*& a beautiful black leather handbag a big fat French chef a fierce black German dog We can also use certain guidelines to help us decide how specific an adjective is: Material is closer to the noun than nationality: an Egyptian stone statue ‘Nationality is closer than colour: a green Australian lizard Colour is closer than shape: a thin white line Shape is closer than age: an old round table Age is closer than size: a large young elephant Opinion comes first: a magnificent old Chinese vase Exercise A Put the adjectives given in the correct order. Example: a bag (plastie/smalV/black) a small black plastic bag 1 a grapefruit (pink/delicious) 2. a motorbike (Japanese/white/noisy) 8 many buildings (new/concrete/huge) a mouth (wide/big) 4 5 some spiders (African/red/tiny) 6 a meal (Mexicanhotitasty) 7 a jacket (blue/leather) 8 lots of men (fat/short) 9 a trunk (old/tin/fascinating) 10 some students (young/Italian/nice) Exercise B Now list all the adjectives used in the exercise above into their categories opinion ize age shape colour nationality material small black plastic Exercise C Do Exercise 2 on the cassette. pes asondinniod funeusey were ang yous 04 on ueonay4 pal unos ‘ton ase sone, USE anus 8 Pre aq sou annbuo —asoudep yur apm now ainy snoop [eum —Seuoryeu —anojos deus one ons worudo squopmys unter] Sunog aw awos OT “UNA un plo BuNLUISE E 6 ‘wow 36) uo0ysj0 si0| g “aYDET aqTEA| ana w f, “ou! WOEHD,, 704 ASE vg ‘SuOprds WEoLAY par KUN OWS g “YOM! apim tig y 'sBurpimg manouoo mou any KUDU g ‘OyqIO}OW asouRdup oy KetOU eg SHMyadA ULE sNORNAP eT Y ‘SuaMSNV| Adjectives: position This is something new! A number of adjectives are not usually used in the normal position before a noun, but are only found after the noun and a link verb such as be or feel: 5 =~ 0 : Tfeel ill! « ges f Here is a list of the most common ones: afraid / alive / alone / asleep / awake / due / glad / ill / ready / sorry / sure / well Exercise A Choose the correct adjective from the list above to complete these sentences, 1 The money is at the end of the month. Don't forget to send a cheque. 2 I missed the end of the programme because I fell 3 She went to see the doctor because she was feeling 4 Don't be this won't hurt! 5 We're leaving in five minutes. Are you 2 6 % 8 ‘My sister believes that Elvis Presley didn’t die from drugs and is still ‘You don't look - Don't you think you should see a doctor? 1 love company. I just hate to be I think I know the answer but I'm not really __. 10 He was so tired that he could hardly keep during the party. 11 T'mterribly but I cannot accept your invitation. 12 Tm you enjoyed the film. ‘Most adjectives can also come after compounds with some-, no- or any- as in: somebody/nobody/anybody somexhercnnwhenngre bing noe something/nothing/anything Examples: something wonderfullmobody different/anything interesting/somewhere nice Exercise B Rearrange the following phrases and choose a suitable adjective from the list given to complete these sentences. suspicious / new / alive / exciting / cold / stupid / quiet / strong 1 to help push my car/someone/I'm looking for/ 2 anywhere/for your holidays?/Did you go 3. asked if we had noticed/anything/The police officer/last night. 4 would play/such a crazy trick!/Only somebody 5 but it had nothing/It was/in it/the latest sportswear catalogue 6 so we can talk//It's too/Let's go somewhere/noisy in here. 7 tofind anyone/They didn't expect/after the explosion. 8 to drink,/something/I could just do with “yup 0 poo FuxyroWos Yiu op FEN" pos | g -uorsO[dxo axp Joye axtye auoue puy o} BedxD yuUPIP AOU, J "y[E1 UD OM os yunb axoqmows of 5,37] 2x04 ut Kstou om; $3] FI MOU RUNMIOW pry 3 nq anROFEIED eAMELEOdS JEN af SEM IL ‘ou Aces yons Keld pinom pdms Kpogowtos Kyu) y IYBIU Ise] sno}Edsns AUIYAXuR Paotou Pe am J pase JaDYO aotjod a4, © gsKepyoy anos 20j Bunioxo auoymcue of nos pig] g 9 Cur Ysnd diay oy Buass guoddHos 40} BUYOUT ‘Eppa e ‘prey FI g sdooyse & ‘op Ty ‘suameuy ‘pois GI “AuOs TT ‘oyeKE OT ‘oun g ‘9UOTe g “Im Lome] Adjectives: compound | ome | A five-day week rs) vw eS 8 GWE a five-man team carrying a four-hundred-pound box across an eight-foot bridge When we want to describe something precisely, and give its height, weight, length, ete., we often use a compound adjective, with the amount and the unit. The unit is always in the singular, for example: DISTANCE: a five-mile walk ‘TIME: fa three-hour exam a six-pound fish NUMBER: a four-man team a ten-foot wall LENGTH: asix-inch nail Rewrite the following sentences using a compound adjective on the model above. Example: He took off on a balloon flight which took six hours. He took off on a six-hour balloon flight. 1 Mary gave birth to a beautiful baby weighing four kilos. 2 ve just had an interview with the boss which lasted twenty minutes. 3 Acaravan which measures seven metres is suitable for a family of four. 4 The crew, consisting of eight men, was rescued by helicopter. 5 The architect wants to erect a block rising to 150 feet in the centre of the town, 6 The walk, which covers ten kilometres, is one of the most exhausting events. 7 On 11 November every year, people observe a silence lasting two minutes, 8 Because of the lack of orders, the company now works a week of only three days. 9 The bridge was damaged by a juggernaut weighing 38 tonnes. 10 She was wearing a coat worth 500 dollars and a hat which cost 200 dollars. @ Exercise B Do Exercise 3 on the cassette. “yeu 1.0p-00% ® pe B09 ze110p-99K ® RULIBaM sem ay OT “yREUIRAPAS ouUE,-gE v Kg paslemE sem ABPLAq IU & “yom sop-oniy 8 som Mou KuDdioD 949 'S9pI0 Jo yPe] aM Jo IETUDOA] g "saUaTES AUTU-OM) ¥ an198q0 dood ‘sH0K Kia49 sqwaKON TT UO £ "SWOs9 JuREMeND ysour Uf Jo BuO SI >EA ANPUO}D-UD} AY, g "UMO} Hf JO-AFUDD ANA UL Y>O|G IO} OST " yo0u9 0) stb oyiyaae ayy, ~soydoytay Aq ponasad sh mas9 URL ai, j ‘sMo} Jo IUNRY w 3 agen st ABIES anou-uanes yg “S009 ay ike mauAsogUt HUTU- + 94.9% “Om NOG TV SUaMSNVT 3 Articles: definite/indefinite x Is it a god or the god? DEFINITE ARTICLE INDEFINITE ARTICLE. 1 Information already known or mentioned ‘The man in the car is my father. 2 Describing a group of people the rich, the poor, the unemployed 3 Specifying something with a following phrase He's the man I love. 4 With unique objects the earth, the moon, the stars 5 Specifying a group of people or things ‘The modern woman is more independent. Who invented the telephone? 6 With superlatives the smallest coin, the most expensive car 7 With musical instruments She plays the piano and the violin. 8 With names of nationalities The French eat a lot of cheese. 9 With most geographical names (see Elementary Worksheet 9) the Alps, the United States, the Red Sea Names of places with of the Bank of England, the Tower of London 10 1 New information Aman ina car waved at me this morning, 2 With professions She's a doctor and he’s a bus driver. 3. Expressing frequency twice a week, £1000 a year, once a day 4 Expressing ‘only one’ when there are many Tl have a sandwich please. 5 General statements A washing machine is essential. NO ARTICLE 1 General statements Washing machines are essential. Modern women are more independent. 2 Abstract ideas Beauty is only skin-deep. 3 Days of the week, months, names of shops Monday, April, Harrod’s 4. Names of people: Charles, Diana, Lovejoy ea guarded (6), like (11), to (20). people look back at (23) ancient Roman god, (2) ‘god who protected (4) beginning of (5) time of leaving on (9), journey, and (10) ‘year just past and ahead to (24), In the following passage, write a, the or (~) as necessary: Janus, was (3). things. He spring planting of (7) wheat, (8) entrances doorways and (12), city gates. So that he could be wise, (13) ___ Janus had two faces, one to look backward into (14)___ past and (15), forward into (16), (17)_____ first month of (18), other to look future. year is (19) entrance new year. It is (21) time when (22)___ year to come. When our modern calendar was put together, this first month was named (25) January after (26), two-faced Janus. Roman god, (27), ‘Three other months that were named after (28), March, (30) July and August. famous Roman gods and citizens are (29)_ = of = 6g = 8e Lz mH 9 81 UL 21 2H OF Sow ST ou BE gE aE TT ‘oun ve ‘on Be 2 ‘oun s08 Hg ‘IN OF “OKN BI ‘KN Sores OMe Loe =o oH FON Ez UL T ‘SUGMSNV