Transformations – Study Guide

Geometry

RIGID/ISOMETRY TRANSFORMATIONS
Rigid transformations preserve size and shape of a figure.

1. Reflection: turns a figure into its mirror image by flipping it over a line
 Over Horizontal Lines: x-coordinates stay the same, y-coordinates change
o Reflection over the x-axis
 (x, y) > (x, -y)
o Reflection over y = b
 (x, y) > (x, 2b – y)
 Over Vertical Lines: x-coordinates change, y-coordinates stay the same
o Reflection over y-axis
 (x, y) > (-x, y)
o Reflection over x = b
 (x, y) > (2b – x, y)
 Other
o Reflection over y = x
 (x, y) > (y, x)
o Reflection over y = -x
 (x, y) > (-y, -x)

2. Rotation: turns a figure around a fixed point to create an image

Counter-clockwise (positive rotations)

 Rotate 90 degrees
o (x, y) > (-y, x)
 Rotate 180 degrees
o (x, y) > (-x, -y)
 Rotate 270 degrees
o (x, y) > (y, -x)

Clockwise (negative rotations)

 Rotate 90 degrees
o (x, y) > (y, -x)
 Rotate 180 degrees
o (x, y) > (-x, -y)
 Rotate 270 degrees
o (x, y) > (-y, x)

3. Translation: moves every point in a figure at the same distance in the same direction.

 Any translation of <a, b>

o (x, y) > (x + a, y + b)
Transformations – Study Guide
Geometry

NON-RIGID TRANFORMATIONS
Non-rigid transformations do not preserve size of a figure.

4. Dilation: preserves shape but not size

 Any dilation of k
o (x, y) > (kx, ky)
 If k < 0
o Rotate 180 degrees about the center of dilation
Transformations – Study Guide
Geometry