1A present simple and continuous, action and non-action verbs present simple: Ive, he works, ete 1 iv in London, She works in a rstarat ‘ie dort eat mest Jac doors wear sss. “here do you le? Does the spemart open on Sundays? 2 She ually ha cael for bros Foyle for work We any aat eu about once a ont 1 We use the present simple for things thet ae always tre, or happen regulary + Remember the epeing ules for hed parton singular, Ives, suis, watches + Use ASI (ir, Subjoc, nitive or QUASI Question wor, [unlry, Subject Infinite) help you with word order in questions ‘Boyou now David? What time does the fm start? 2 We often ute the preznt simple wth adverbs of frequency. 9. ‘Usual aver expressions of frequency, e every doy, once 2 weet + Adverbs of frequency go bare the main vers and ater be 1 Expressions of requency ual goat the ond ofthe sentence or verb phase present continuous: be + verb + ing | te your sears going out wih Adan? 8 Ne. they broko up Shean going out wth anyone nom The phon ining Canyon nner + We us the present continuous NOT the preset simple fo actions in progress othe time of speaking, ag, thingr that re Moppening now oF Sround now. These ae normaly trmporary, not hbitua, cts, + Remember the paling ules «9 ving, ucying, geting. + We lo se the present continoou for uur arrengements se 1B) 4 Complete the sentences with the present simple orb present continuous forms ofthe verbs in brackets. | aot nae what todo next. (not know) this summer weather? (ejay) 1 10.9010 the shops tonight? 2 you ‘ction and non-action verbs 1 hat fe you leaking for? B My corto 1 Mibsipyouin 3 moment [A What are you cooing? kamal dlcous 8 mmating pasta 1 Grea love pat + Verbs which describe actions, 69: cok, make canbe used inthe resent snp o continuous "fm making lunch usualy make lurch atthe ‘ieebend + Morb which describe states or footings (NOT ction) eg, be, need, lve, are nonection ‘ere They are nat usual used the present ‘ortinuous even we meen now’ + Common non-ton vets ate agree be, bali, belong, depend orgat hat, hee know, like, ove, mater, mean, need ree, elie, ‘recogni, remember seem suppoEe, want + Verb ofthe snaes ae nxmally also non-acton, 19 look sel taste ond sound ‘Vorb that can be both action nd non action ‘rewtng © how and ik arene raving ch = ston have heh thos canon. error ested What are you thing abou?” = tion ink bow a Think is muss great = reaction apc) Grea) the correct form, present simple or presont @ (Go you pra A youprtrng ors! Jt Tm tying to sve this problom ‘What da you think ofthe ews? re you bliving / Doyou believe 1 Have you gota your bag The wa {onn) 3 Turn the mute up ove / Ym ovng this onal 44 How aon 00 otal? lay) 4 look Yn looking for my jock. Have you seen it? 5 |___ thathoidy. We allhada great ime. 5 lean tak now fm ding! Ieove (remember 6 Thistype of colas seams ie sooming ice. it ‘1 to go tothe beach today’s toohot. not 7 Are you wating / Do you wait for me Ibe there in wand five minutes. What we ___for dinner toy? thave) 8 We go/ are going tothe city most weakends. 7 8 |_twhave seslood or dinner want 9 We anywhere next weakod. (not go) 10 Ae you busy? Wet you?) 9 Theyte buying / They buy 2 new ca today. 10 know Tm knowing the answer 10th1B ENTRY CHECKER future forms: present continuous, be going to, will / won't bbe going to+ inf futur plane anc intentions My ster’ going to adopt hd ‘re you going to uy ene care secondhand one? mot going o go home forthe hsys. 0 foe peeetions Baresona are gong to win Thay plying rly wl Look at those Back oud I tink going teria, + We use be going to (NOT wil/ won't when we have already decided to do something NOT Myssterhadopt» cid 1+ We aso ue be going toto mates preiction about the ftre, tepecilly when we have some evidence (a. we can ee black couds present continuous: be + verb + -ing future erangements ora and Jamie ae ettlag maid in Octet We're mating a 1.00 tmorown Richard fee Jon's laving on rey and coming beck net Tada. + We often use the preset continuous for future arrangements + There avery Ite cifference between te present contnoous _geng tof future pans rangement ana often you can be going to thows that you hive made deciion Wee going to get maried next year ~ the present continuous emphasizes tht you have mad the srrangements ‘Were geting maried on October 12th (- we've booked he + We often use the present continuous with verbs relating to Wave Fes lie enero ease oa GD 0 core eed te semnce Hoth are possible Teay (Gal et ler yu? We'e going © anive/ We're arving on Fey moming 2 Take some sunseroen. W's bsing/ going to be hot 3 Tim going © g0/ Hm going to Madi nest weak A I's Ana's birthday next week 5 forgot got/ Im gerng her a present. Youve You'e going to love this i, i's mating, Be careful or youl drop youre dropping it. “This fight cheap, Wl Shal buy us tiket Hurry up! Wel lave / We'e leaving in ve You need Youre needing to pay wel in the snatch 10 Are you meeting / Shall you meet David later? will / shall + infsitive Instat decison, promis praditon,utre fects, sepgetiont 1 have th steak inant decison or tal anybody wee you ae prone) Peary that og frou ator ‘oul lve New Yo proscar) [Noe year Chita Cay wil be ona They (ere aed Sal hal you wih your homework? afer) Shall we en out tonigh? gestion) sod be Wie use wil/ wont NOT the present simple fr Instant decisions, pronises, and offers. NOT Teamy tht bag or you. We can als use wil! wont for predictions, 0.9, Think Barcelona wil win and to tak sbout tre facts, eg The elector willbe on Ie March We use shall NOT wil wth and we fo offers ‘re saggertions when they ae quesvons wechurch) bb Complete B's replias with a corract future farm. {A When wil we getinto the ey? B The bus ill ake about half an hour ake) {A Are you going to get those shoes now? B Not ‘them nin ater. buy) 2 A Are you busy tonight? B No! — anything, Co you want come over tomyhouse? roto) {A Have you decided what sot holiday thave? B Yes, we fon ey break (go) ‘A Do you want e talk tonight? B Yes,1 you aterdnner (phone) 'A Come to my party at the weekend! 1 Thanks What 1? rng) [A Heres the tx to get us to theairpor. 8 Good = thope we late. rot be) 7 A Are you ready to order? B Yor,1 the pasta please. have) A havent got any good pictures of us B kerk! yousone. send) 6 82A present perfect and past simple present perfect simple: have / has + past participle (worked, seen, ete) 1 past expertances Fe taherited some money but havent pant Sly hes never mee i 2 recent part actions oe aut my finger ‘ool Ouran ha ja ft ody for emphasis) hai tee, Caf we watch another Mybrother hast ound s new ob yo He's ilnkang. ‘Hove you tnishedyourhomowerk yet? "No, not yet” 1 We us the present perfect for past exptionces when we dot ay ‘exactly when they happened. + We often ure aver and never when we tk or ak sbour past ‘experiences Thay go before the man verb. 2 Weus the present rea + inthis context we often use just forthe main verb, 53 We alto use the present perfect with et and abeady + We use akeodyn 12 Complate the mini dialogues with the present perfect form ofthe verb in ackets and an adverb from thelist. You can use the edverbs more than once “Brest ever jst_nower yet ‘A Whose is that €50 note? B lvelust picked yo rom the srest! (pick up) 1A Have you visted New York? he proton perfec for econ past ations when we focus on sentences. goss fore the main orb ‘+ We use yet with() sentences and It goes atthe end ofthe phase B No! to America. (be 2 A Do wa need to get ckots? B Ne! them. buy) BA yeu hoeseviding? B No, | think fd be too seared 44 We sa some dolphins from the boat. 8 You re sucky = one. 00) 5 A Did you send me that picture? B Yes, ittoyou. (snd) {6 A Ammo late thave some of your birthday cake? B Na, it5 OK, we it (notch) 7A Are you going to book you Fight tonight? 8 No! it ook) 8A you ‘famous ctor? 8 Yes Ihave past simple (worked, stopped, went, had, te) “They got mare eyes aie have dine omy homework What tne dd you wakeup thi moming? + We se the past snp fo fnishad past actions {when we say, ah, know when they happened) present porfct or past simple? Ye been to Mai twice Cinmy ie upto ron) Tove therein 198 ne 2002 (+ on te specie ‘caine Te bought now compute dont aay exacty ‘iter ware, ee Tough tet Saturday 19 wha + We use the preset perfect (NOT the past simple to tak about past experiences and recent Dist sevone when we don apecty atime. + We use the past simple (NOT the presont perfect to ator alk about ished actions Inthe past when the time is mentioned forunderstood. Ws often ures pa tine Siorerion eg yesersy lst weak ate Right or wrong? Tick or eross x ‘he sentences, Correct the wrong havent fished my homework yeu y ‘Why have you thought | would be Ie? Why dic you think would be ate? Did you goto London yesterdoy? \When has Paula bought the ches? Make sure you've wrote your name onthe paper 5 Mysisterhas been totaly never, 6 laid know my grancather very welt 7 Have you Been runing atthe weekend? {8 When hove you had your haircut? 9 Juan says he's never been to Europe. 10 The rent on our fathas went up.ae ENTRY CHECKER present perfect + for / since, present perfect continuous present perfect + for/ since “They've own ech ote orton oars Lule had at bag inc she war at univers. 1 Howiong hve you worked hee? 8 Since 194, 1 How ong has your bother had mtb + Wo use the pretat perfect + force sine to al about someting which started inthe pst end stil ue now “hay ve known each he forton yes (= they met ten oars ago tnd they tl know each oter toe) + We use How long? present perfecto ak about an Untied period of time rom the post ut row, + We ue fort # period a ne 23 for wo weeks or since + ‘point of ime, eg. since 2078 + Don't use the present simple wih for/ since, NOT They Inw aah oe for longtime. present perfect continuous: have / has been + verb + ‘ing 1 How ong have you besa learning Engl? Nickhas been wering here snc Apel ‘They've been going ot together for about ee yer 2 A Your eyes eed Have you boon ring? 8 No, te been chopping sions. Correct the mistakes. |e ee he since Monday. haven't seen her since Mony. How longis she working st he sypermarkat? Marsa and Helen have been Iving in aly ince two years. havent looked at my phone since an hour Serena learnt Spanish nce thee years before she went ove in Chile, 5 ming in Croat fo five years ago, {Chess having his car for eight years 7 Howlong hast snowed today? 8 I havent eaten meat for wo years ago 9: Theyre working realy har for hours 10 Youhave playing that game for thee hours. 1 We ve the present parfactcaminuous with fran snce wih ation verbs eg learn, work go ete} 0 talk about {etions which started inthe pat and oo sl us now. + with non-ation verbe we use the present perfect simple INOT continuous. NOT They e-neordnoning eachother fortenyeos. + Don't ue the present contincous wth for since. NOT tom 2 We can also use the present perfect continuous for ontnvout or repeat scone whies have been Mappening ‘ery recrty, The actions have wal ja fatahed have ‘ay present results eh Yeu'verfou hv ey She/he) eve Weave! Thee Tey hove avert have not) J be She/hasn't ear not_ been working herefortwayear, Maha i ‘hophart Herstom martina Yin. aan ean weinge ot a oa h—ne DB tow and work Ivana wrk are often ute arth pest partct ‘mpl or prerort plc cortaunir wth te some meaning Fe ved hore sce 270 Foe been thing har snc 2010 bb Make sentences with the prasent perfect simple ‘or present perfect continuous (and for/ since necessary) Use the present perfect continuous if possible howe long /you know your best fiend? Hor long have you known your best ond? 1 not know her ery ong you / alway ie thei sie? wwe all/wat te meetyou Sora liv next door two yoo 17k that muse was foureen Hannah / try to fn her brother / many years fur hands! wark abroad / 2016 humans vein this aoa / several centuries you! seep / hours how long you / work here?3A choosing between comparatives and superlatives comparing two people, places, things, ete 1 My carga it older than yours. London snore expensive than Edinburgh Ths testers ical than he leone Olive iz batarforyou thn butter 2. Thenew aoetar't a comfortable asthe ol ne. Tdorthove ar meny book el used 1 We use comparative adjectives + than to compare to people places things, ete + Ragular comparative sclectves: spelng rls old older big bigger sary essen modem=+ more modem ics more itil + regular comparative adjectives: good beter bed wore’ for farther farther + One-sjlabe sfecives ending in och bored = more bored ivesed™ more tested. trad more ted 2 We can alzo ure (not a+ acjctive + a8 to make comparisons. [D Object pronouns ie, him, ot) afar than and az ‘Aer than or aswecan wae an abot pron ne him he ste] ora subject proncun fhe, she ee] + ary ver ‘She tlarthan me. OR Sho tale than am. NOT Shes ‘alert Theyre ata buty as. OR Theyre rot 2s busy owe are NOT Tye notsetbusy ese Wi use the some sto sy tat wo people Herdhos the se ine 1 Complete with the comparative or superlative of the bold word (and than f necessary) lores tale than Stel, tall 1 That's dog 've over soen, big 2 Werking hard is ‘way to pass exams. good 3 Thisbus ibe ‘that one beceure it doeen't stop fo often. quick 4 One Canada Square is one of Londons bullnga, tall 5 Which of those buldings s_? old 4 Thavss much ‘olen. sensible 7 Thettip wakes hen you kop stopping for reste long © Thisyea ight colours are yoo: fashionable 9. Come othe market. You can buy clothes there. cheaply they were last comparing two actions 1 ay far dios ote han ne, He walks more slowly than [Urerpoal plped wore ody han last weok 2 Max doesn't speak Egish es wal his wie "orton auch ey bose 1 We ure comparative adverb to compars two actions. + Regula comparative sderbs sling rules fat fast Sloniy~ more somiycarellly = more coefly + regular comparative: well better badly ~ worse 2 Wecan lz ue (not) 3¢ + adverb + sto make comparisons superatives avin i he als ply in thot Oriol the mort sxpensive capital cy in Europe The smallbg the lest expanse, Leys the bee stantial. Who dresser the mon sty n your fam? ‘That the worst we've eer played + We use superiative adjectives and adverbs to compare peop things or atone with al of tel group. + We form soperiatives ke comparative, but we se et insted oe andthe most! leat instead of more es. + We normaly use the before superlatives, but we can also use possessive adjectives, eg my best Mand, thelr mos fomout ong. + We often use a supertive with the present perfect + ve. Is the best book ve ever road, D inate speratves| Use in NOT of bere pce tera pein Ieee longest bsage ine word. NOT of te wold les the best beach in England. NOT ot Enon Complete with one word. ur holiday was lass enjoyable than we expocted, because ofthe ran, 1 Think thay should dive 2 Icon doth as careful 3 Hes the bestvolst Ive 4 These seats are terrible! They are much comfortable than the old ones slowly 5 Thishae been hottest summer since records began 6 thar many apps on my phone as you 7 Eclnburgh the beaut ity in the UK 8 Our team played beter todey lant week 9 hope you fe con, 10 Wheres the tallest balding the word?3B :a/ an, the, no article articles a/an 1 tesa nies house, Sheva lewyer 2 Iaaw an od man with dog. 2 What an aol yt 4 Thave dates roe times week *+ We vs 2/an with singular countable nouns: 1 when we soy what something o whet somebody does 2 thetrat time we mention thing / person. 3 imexclamations wth What. 4 in expressions of frequency the 1 Lan an oldman wth dog, The dog wat barking, 2 Theballrang and my father opened the door ‘The cldran ar at choo 4 igang to the cinema tonight + We we the 1 hen we talk about srathing we've already mentioned. 2 whenit'e ear what we're refering t. 3 when theres ony one of something, 4 with places ina tw, 9, cinema, theave 5 with superiatives, 2 Gadi erect anor b Complete with @/ an, the, or ~(=no article ENTRY CHECKER 1. Gia fn lear to end enirthn boys Lowe is more important tan monay 2 Sh's ot at home today. get ck om wok 5.30, 2 Inver have brea Fmgsng tthe Weave on Tuaday + We dont use an arte: 1 whan wear speaking mn genera (with plural and “rcountable noun) e.g, ove flowers Compare (love the flowers in my garden (the spect fowers in that place) 2 with some nouns, 9. home, work school, church, ate at Prov tom 3 before meal, days, and months 4 before next ast + dy, eke, = Ahn Tics thectsbeease they are so ‘Are ou sr thsenavs erin pope? pase B Yes ister’ the side rood wee jst 1 Abed wl ist i fy nese ook the pose nestweck Hehas bg fmiy/hebG 1A Does ouryoungebraher oom _—_ca? fo 8 Yes. he bought scondhandone fom —_ guage over 2 Ths aly ba news he bod now thevoad You shoud istherins homo” 2 AWhattime salle getto_aipor? the horptal sh’ been taken to 8 About wohour bee. fh 3 Extng the vegetables/vegetoblesinpat 3 Wht are you cooking for —_breskax? the heaty/ shea ie B imcooking egg gotsome fom _ markt yesterday. 4 Wewertto park! the pete pleyfottal 4 @ Unch bslakermet ay canve? foseenrraaeenrre 8 Youneed. one thatesves rom outde_town hl 5 Lets ctfor amon te meslin a best i aa resaurrtthbesesaurrtin tom. © A Whattine does love 6 Teele encore et, BI dorthnow Fé beter check —_ departure tine eine sath whie was si inthebed/ bea,” 6 A Doyoulte —_halan food? 7 heeyourendyfoctheosam/ canta 8 Youvory much There's exellent Ran restau ear you ished the roving raving? 15 My cousin has acog/ the dog. She takes him for walk/ the walk four mex 3 Sy. 9 When 990 gym the gyn keto use the exerts bles execs bikes, 10 think work experience / the work ‘experience is more ureful than the good ‘am resus / good exam resus. banka my village 7 A What B No, let's goto beach, I's only twenty minutes away, 8 A Can! buy _battoreshere? B No, sory, but you ean buy them in 9A Were you busy at B Yes, wehave test grat dal Let's goto _nearest park. shop on commer ” school today? rnoxt Thursday, so we revised together4h obligation and prohibition: have to, must, should have to/ must + infinitive 1 Youhave to switch ff your phone ding take-off td andi. ‘mato on tine trorow because there's tet 2 lowe the Lowe! You have too whan youn Pr Youroat se thsi its aang! 2 Ih to wen suitors ay primary choo {hata hoving to gat up early Myint i at 20, Do youheve to work on Sours? Most awitch my phone off ow? 1 have to and must are normally used to tlk abou obligation, tr somthing thet tis ecessary to do + have to and must havea very similar meaning and you can Unuly ue ether form, have tolzmore common er genera frtenal obligations fo example, ules snows. mast = ‘more common fr specie on ane occasion) or person Sblgaons Compare: have to wear aah andi at work eit the len this company must Buy anew shirt this oe is t00 old now. (= it'sy ‘own decision 2 Weecan algo ute have toor must for strong commendations 3 have tois anormal vr and it exists inal tenet and forms, 0 also a a gerund or nitive ‘mustis a modal ver. only exists inthe present but itean De ored with fature meaning don't have to ‘You don’t have te pay this museum ir, Complete with the correct form of have to (2) or ‘You must pak here ou must’ eat that ake it forthe party. + We use don't have to when there no obligation to do ‘esethng and musi when something spoked + don't have to and rust re completely diferent Compare: You dont have to drive econ get a wan (= you con deve i youwent tx but tt naceeary/cbigar You must’ eve along th street (ots prohibited, apsinat the lan) NOT Youdontthovetoive-slonghesret + We can often use canto not allowed to intend of mist You mustn't can't" not allowed to park here should / shoulda’ + infinitive {t might be cole at night. a ‘evshoudt dks much cof hit god fry 2 Tithe goverment shoul do smathng abot snemplaymert 1 We use shouldto give adie or an opinion should is nt a8 strong as must have to. + shoud» modal verb The ony forms are should should + We can ut ought to/ ought not oinsead of should should You ought to take warm clothes wth you to vba, You ought not fo dink 20 much cotew 2 Weruse should to give an opinion to sy ifwe think something is the ight or wrong thing to do, b the correct form, Tick if both ‘Do you have oa very ey nthe ering? ste poile. 1 You may. finish this tomorrow. You don't have much time bed lured baad ee te ocoy doy 2 Kate ain fe timer a wedkin th ving poo 1 Please excuse me, must / should catch tis auton “tow postal age Ute you were oe Hlowedito bc 2 ou shout / must ays think people 4 Wetltle ou uel 0 we wor about thea EI Soho Pfennig nf 3 You dove omit smokein 8 Yeo ttt pablo wth our phone son. resents 7 Sam's results were good, so he. ‘re-sit the exam. ) ‘ eee 1 must enjoy working in a team € Fete tocome but! soo hoe enough ne int 9 ‘you usually. ‘book tickets in advance? (2) . cease ears to look 10 ste inate Hate the g SIENTRY CHECKER can/ could ‘Our daughter ou ply the vin when she was vee ‘ ‘can spask des anguagee en. Jenny encore tonight She's ‘ur dave cou ply the an when he waste, They couldnt wot becuee thay were in 2 ary. + canis modal verb. only hasa present form which can be used with {ature meaning) and » past or condonal frm oul). / can, could, be able to bbe able to + infinitive Falke oe ble toot Hove being able to stayin beaten Swrdey mening. ‘oul be ble to practi your English in London 2 Fortunately am abl oaceptyourinvitaton. Nyalleagues weren't able to coma to be able to +infitve for ability and ity, especialy where theres no for St can eg present perfect ifn, gerund, fue, et 2 We sometimes use beable tin the present and past Gnstoad of can / could usually we want Tobe more fora + For allother tenses and forms, we use beable o+ infin. 8 Complete with the correct form of be able to GE or, YoutLbe able to ex wen you goon holiday. Sareh__ come for an invervow next Monday? rate ive now Thad alot of messages, but ‘check my phone, ier {spond alday outside avon the weathers ood. you. find your woy ‘round the cy easly afters year? you speak othe ‘manage yes wary important. 7 Yesterday, you asked mei book our fights, Fn soy but haven't had time yet 8 Jomes—__finishthe race pecans ofhisrig. Dent buy to0 many books. You ‘tocary them all predict when adap fr pono > Clb he comes fxm. Tick it bth are pes 1m sony wont an (ABTS go dancing tonight. 1 We cant/ wont be abo ta see youths weskend. We'e going on holy. 2 You cn'/ notable to ue tha tickt on ths bus 53. Could Alexa Was Alona abl to tll you the answer? 4 Can yous Ave you abe to speak Spanish? 5 cant arent able to understand what the Iacturre saying 6 Ihavent could been able to book tickets yet. a tomorow 7 Ns yes ave aj, y awl i lat year 8 could'/ wasnt abet drive to my parents house because of the fog {9 Her could! Ws Hen abl to join you forthe mostng? 10 I could be abet see fr mies rom the top of the mountain, ‘was amazing!5A past tenses: simple, continuous, perfect past simple: worked, stopped, went, had, etc. ‘Thay war in Meson 2016, A South Atican won thera “The plane id’ rion tie What tine id you got up ths moming? ‘ihe vein Pris, often wen to watch are S German, “+ We ue the past simplefor fished aeons in the past hen we ay, sk or kon nen they hopped. + We ca ao sat for repented ations in he past. + Remember regula verb 2237, ‘pact continuous: was / were + verb + ing 1 What were you ding at sic dock ast night? 2 Iwas ding along the motoreay han it started snowing, 3 While warding thehoweenark the chron war lying in the gud 4 tena cld ight nd wes ring, wae washing TV inch ing room 1 We use the pest continsous to talk about an ston in progress at pect te nthe pat + Remember, we dort ue the past continuous with nn-action verbs. Nor 2 We often ue the past continous to describe a past action in progress -nbich was interrupted by another aon (expressed inthe pest spe, ‘The two actions are usualy Iiked by when 3. 3 We ofan ue the past continuous with while fortwo actions happening stthe samen. 4 We often use the past continous to daszribe wha’ happening atthe beginning of atary of anecdote + Gade cont form Taber an iene re you ndertadg/ idyouudersandthe eoeee wera ected Mee png peso when reo ee acer Mica ed ei Gray of Te ees avers Wocyorasng Bayer aentte ped oat ree tte get ome. my haben decked eed eet Jon the street when he 8 past perfect: had + past participle ‘hen they turn on he TY th match a aad hod. ‘Asso ae hut he door resized hat af ry tyne table. Wi cols’ opt table nthe restart because + Wie use he past parfact when we ae talking about the past and we want to tak about an ster pes ction. Compare When Jobnarved, they ont out = first John arrived and then they went out) When John ave, they had gone out = they wert out lars Jon arrived using narrative tonses together Ita watching TVin the ing oom Sudden hoard akock ot the dor get vp and opened the door But thre wos nobody there The person whe fd knocked onthe dor hed desppesred + We ure the past cominuous (na ining, as watching! ose the sane + We ut the pest simple heard, got up, et) 12 5 what happened + We use the past perfect had knocked, had ‘lsspeeec o say what happened beter the bb Complete withthe past simple, past continuous, or pest perfect. \ hac a great idea fora new website, but someone had thaught of aleady.thove, think) ‘The man onthe door usin because hess suitable proof afage. rot kt, not have) The roads___ busy because everyone —_ atthesame tine. be, wave When we the hotel we found that our ‘rene areooy (arve, eave! Petre al day 50 she very 0d. work, fel) The audience loudly when the str conto the stage. (lap step) ' return the library book becouse | wiih pot ean, not rsh The couplenever up hope that their daughter would be found even though she many yeas ago. (gv, disappear eouldn remember 1 tur off, choc the cooker 505B ENTRY CHECKER past and present habits and states 1 ued to taach Enlh when wa ning abroad He id se to de any esr bution he runs marathons Unever sad tke ootbal but macht every week ow Wie ued tobe lore end, but we dont tat each other “That hotel used to have sinning pol bu they closed i thoy use olen the year? Dida you ue to have ong ha? usally meet my ren at weekend don’ normally go out during the Wook Erg houses ural have garden. Do you normaly wall 19 wor 1 Forpast habits ond stetes, we use used to / dnt ue to + inte + esed to doesnot existin the present tensa. NOT Kee getup st dd dang theese, + We ue use ofr things hat were we over a period of time nthe pat used fo often refers to someting whichis [used do lot of pore (| lot of port fra period fine in the pas, but now dort + We often ure never uted to instead of dt se to. + used to cit ute to can be used with ction verbs 120 do) and ron-acton ver be, hve. + We can ls use the past emp to describe past habits (often wth andverh of Fequency) 2 For present habits, we use a verb nthe present simp clten withan adver of frequency, ual or normaly [D edo or past simple? ‘ie can use used 0 the past serelten with an adverb frequency) fo rpested atone ater a the meaning sed vein Led ar ch. ned n Lodo chi We used 0010 the dems on Seu We often went to the caine on Seta Butwehave to ue the past mpl = we mention enact dates or rumba of es We ent to te cna Sar. anymore and any longer We often use not ay more / any longer not now wi th reser snp to const wth edo Fee 6 got the ym but dono) ary mace any lnge| be ured to and get uted Dont confuse uted o/c te todo) wih be sad eget eden Tam used to getting up ear oer ay. (xa aceustrad | 1oit= [aways aot sos ot prolem forma) Lele cont get used te living inthe Un She can'toet seustomed toi tsa problem fore ah We fften) want to France for cur alday when was a child 2 Complete with used to + inflaitive or usually + pres GEL ori and a verb from the list. “plan say eink low message ride do sud go Wie used 20 cram af ving abroad, but then we reli wore nappy where we were. sent simple b Are the highlighted verb forms right or wrong X? Corcect the wrong ones, sh did used to work here ‘tase to work owe footal use to pay with my ‘ends evry weekend now dw 1 you__tenorcotee when you were young? [2 We usualy go out on Saturday nights, 2 tour ‘any etercse, but she goes tuning evry day 3 Sarah ust ng in tic. nom: EF 4 Look aur that a famous actor. 3 We _ together but tonight Fm working ony Die sed tbe in ta show ne own tes? 4 Surely you can sire 8 bye, tyou_____ one wen 5 yfener sew suggest! shouts be youwere sna eacer but wens Become an 3 you __to the gm ate work? Cou Ion you ti. remeron! {6 Doyou usually go abroad for our 6 this music, bu now on the i very much, relays? 7 dove ‘he bus hope he's OK 7 onto wath way, 2 might a We our summerholay couple of month before gett — 8 He cant wed to waking yp ey 9 My pros — wth us ery fen, but they vist 9 Didthey ut own aha bythe regu Cd st oe ou your fons while you la?6A passive (all tenses) 1 Alot fim are shot on locaton Wiens ourcor being repaired? ‘Andy sbta har bean soln, {Te rcte ed whan te fn was bsg mace, Youle picked up atthe apart by one fou stat ‘Ths bil must be paid omarion Hove beng given amassoge 2 Thenow canerthal willbe opened by the Queen, Giaitor was rected by Rey Seote + Gap ihe corct forsee ox paste Tr ly bees based ave sory 1 You cert borrow my laptop because tis repair is beng repaired atthe moment 2 oul take / be taken tothe erport by cosh, 3 leant got a refund because the shoes ‘bought! were boughtin America, 4 Viewers omsce/ ae amaedby the new art exhibition 5 Amanda plays is playeltenis once 8 week 6 My mothers dog takes /is taken fora wa every morning can’ play the gutar because ve never ‘aught? Been eaughe 8 ows the ew show cpen/ been oped Th uy Mike de book for is bday becaue knew someone alee had aoacy bought had aready been bought efor im. 10 We were hore to lean that theca had sole hed beon stolen. 1 We often ute the patsive(be + past patlpe) when tis, ‘id, lnown, or mportant who does an acton- ‘ands bite has bee stolen (= somebody ha stolen Andy’ bike, but we dont know who) n passive sentences, the abject ofthe verb bacomas the new subject. 2 Woe want to sy who dd the action, we us by. + We an oftan ay things in two way in the stive or inthe passive. Compare ‘Gasator was arecte by Riley Scott. (= we want to focut ‘more on tefl) Raley Sot directed Gladiator. (= we want to focus more on the deste) + We form negatives and questions inthe same way 2s in ‘Some fine aren't hot on locaton is you car being paired today? + We often us the passive to tak about processes, for trample, sant proceser, nin formal angvag, such Then the woter i heated to 100 degrees ‘Many builgings in the cy have been damaged by the cortuake 'b Rewrite the sentences with the passive. Only use by if necessary ‘Thay havent told me when the interview wl ake pace. haven been told when the ltanien wil take place, 1 You need taboak tickets wallin advance. Tekate 2 Theyre epening onew eal atthe end f the rod Anew cals 3 Someone wrote this song a hundred years 96. This song 2 group of reporters were chasing the footballer “The footballer The drama teacher designed the st forthe schoo! ply ‘The set forthe school lay {6 Someone sent me some chocolates as thankyou. ' H 1 Afar phntngraphar tok thi ha Thirphoto '8 People consider the Argentinian Lionel Messi tobe one ofthe ‘wore greatest foctoaers. ‘The Argentian Lionel Mess. 19 Has anyone ver intersewed you on TV? Have you 2 10 More people are accersing our ste every day. Ourste6B modals of deduction: might, can‘t, must ‘nigh (when you think something possbly tvs) “ony phone is entched oft. He might be on the pine nw, ort Boaring ure ight othe that tit. snot ely he sgl E 6 4 1 4 Complete the third conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs. we fact intenad to vst you, we mould have fold you well in advance. (ot inten tel) ait allthe prices ening | 2 You more abot the topic you 3 ity better they 4 Sho ‘my phone unis eh the stest signs wo ikary later to phone the thet, ‘more about the resort we me wth my projet | more things, we she was going away for whole yor, the wip. ee, enjoy) + We normaly use third conditional santances to talk bout hypothaial imaginary tuatonsin the pat, how the could have Been ferent inthe pst. Compare "Yesterday got up late and missed my vain. (= te rel station) Irthade' go up late yesterday, would’ have mizsed my the hypothetical or meginay pest station) + Tomakea thea condona, we use + past perfect and would have + past partcpla. NOT #laulshevesnown eraneahen + The contraction of both had and mould I shave known you had problem, Shave helped you + We en uz might could intend of would to make he esate cera If shod suche harder, she might have pased the exam, wo wouldn't have met an fallen nove if you'd done more rein, he woula have mat Hannah, you wouldn't have had an accident. ifwed known thatthe neighbours were 20 nosy ifshed phoned sto say she would belt ifyouad given me your phone number. if had been 30 late? ifthey'd bough wekats ‘more than | needed to. tnot check, spend all the information onthe wabsite, (ear, rsd) the gane. (played, not ose) my permission. (not used, ck) to look ter her pte. (explain, not agree] the wrong way. [not se, go) 10 £08 the show. ave, note abs) itout before staying there. now, check) itontime. (not help, net finish)9B quantifiers large quantities 1 Ny daughter at lt of ap on her phone Nha has lote of dothes Fe ben there fads of ines 2 Jameserts lot. 5 There sant mary eae nar hare Deyouhine many clos fend! De you watch much 1? Tort ext much cocoate 44 Doran We hve plenty of ee 1 Weuuse alo far los afin sentences. We can azo ute lsd of but I's more informa 2 We ute alot when there leno noun, 69, He alk lt Nor {3 much/ many ae noemaly used n=) zontencee andi Tl but oot ofan Siro be used, 44 We ue plonty of small quantities sentences, c more than enough) 8 Jota itl, 2 rmsobousy tat have very ite time fort Sarah gn pop ar sha ha very fo and 23 Ihave lee free time than used ave Thar ar fewer fghtelnthe wt than nthe sure. 1 We use Rte + uncountable nouns, few + prt countable nouns. + atl and 9 fow = some, bu nt 2 wory tl and very few = not much / many. ENTRY CHECKER ‘more or less than you need or want 1 Ido’ tic. too big an “oure speaing to quietly eather you. Ther are too many tors an oo many a The boro are’ frequent enough The buses don't requetly enough 1 We use too + adjective or adverb, 2 We use too much + uncountable nouns and 190 ‘many + purl countable noun. 2 We ure (not enough before a noun, «9. (ne) ‘enough 0g98/ milk and ater an adjective, 9, ian big enough or n adver, 09. You sont walling fast enough zero quantity 1 Tare n't any ik inthe dg We dont have any ea30 2 Theres nomi inthe ge, We have no ep. 1 We vse any + uncountable o plus nun for zero quay with a= verb, 2 We use no + uncountable or plural noun with Evers 3 Weuse none without 2 noun) in short anewers 2 The comparative oft les and the comparative of fw is fewer. Ged the corect answer. Tick 7 ifboth are parsble. Ther daughtorhaefer too much ASST tye 1 Ther are vr fo very te people who can hs jo. 2 We haven’ any hove no vegetabies for cnner. 4 Doyouhave many? mich spare tmen te evenings? 5 Thore are ping of/ 3 ot of pepe who would agree wih a ergument 4 Toomany/ Too muchinfomation canbe confsing nig ate afew passengers can afford roel fist cost {8 Doyeuhae oomany/ enough tine io help me wth thisproject? 9 Most! Many of my finds own a marion. 10 Toomuch’ Too any teachers inane oom cn be 8 problem Tick the correct sentences, Correct the mistakes inthe highlighted phrases. ‘There ee plenty of opportunities for volun ‘Thee ae title chars in ths room, ring. too few chairs ust a tle i lb fin for me thankyou Icon’ at much egge for break. 1 2 3 Yount bring thet big bag. Thee oom nthe 5 Don't you have no information sbout the ey? We had to cancel the tip because thece weren't much feopie ho could travel on those dates {6 The people next door ae making Yoo much noise 7 Thare was no need or yu to bring» if, bur thank you anya. 8 A Did you buy some fit am the supermarket? 8 No, did't buy non. {9 Fewer people sit have haven the winter than inthe 10 you wait enough long, youl get to the front of the queue10A relative clauses: defining and non-defining Aefcing relative clauses (giving esteti information) 1 Harper Le ithe woman who the wrote Tails Mocking mocking or bask which thet teaches you how to rel ‘That's the hovse where wes born, 2 \eFankthe man whore brother pas for Manchester Usted? tee eee whose leeeschenge colour natu 2 Tyejuathad atest rom he ginko hat met on he igh Pai ‘This the phone which / that bought era + We use a defining relative dause (= clave pronoun + ‘aro phrase) to gis exrentialinformation about» peron, Place, ting 1 We ur the rlative pronoun who for people, which for ‘hinge animal, and where for place, + We can us that instead of who or mich 2 We vse whose to mean ‘of who’ of which 3 in some lative cluses, the verb after who, which, or that hat afferent subject, 9. She's the git whe met onthe train te subject of mets In these uses, who, which, fr that canbe omitted. She's the gl met on the tran. + where ond whose can never be omitted. NOT fethaeshe ‘women dog bone? + Weear'tomit who / which that! where's th same Subject in both cleuses.. NOT. ‘hiwewith me, '2 Complete with who, which, where, or whose. ‘That's the couple who bought our house. 1 My mother's gol bracelet, Fequite valuable, has been stolen 2 Thisis the beach _ we swim avery summer 3 Thejacket Teought lst year doesn't ft me any 4 My new joi in Barcelona, used tive 5 Tho addres lit youzentme is out of date 7 | showed te policeman the place Tha found the wallet. 8 The cakes bought yesterday were dalicious. 9 May introduce Professor Lawrence, work youl know? 10 Paul, _catchos the seme tran ss me, works on the floor above mine, 11 Thelesson wehad yesterday was really intresting 12 Mas Jamie told me about the new café in town ‘non-defining relative clauses giving extra non-essential Information) “hie pltng which was parti B40, worth mons of ponds. {et wank vtec my suntan, who's asl 90 yr tod where my gander wos bor, isa bese My neighbour whose son goes to my son'school has ut + We use snon-dfning relative clause to gve ena fften rnon-essenual infomation) ine sentence his user ‘mtd, the sntence ll make snes This paling pounds «+ Ron-defining relative clauses must go between commas for ‘comma and ofl top. + inthese clauses, we cat leave out the relative pronoun (who, which, ete) + In those causes, wo cant use that instead of who / which “hiepoiming thoes pinedin 180, fo worth a wort ions of bb Look atthe sentences in a. Tick / the sentences where you could use that instead of who / which Eat relative pronouns hich could be left out. ¢ Add commas where necessary in the My cousin, who lives in Sweden, is coming to stay with os 1 The photo that showed you wes taken ast, year {The school which is stuated inthe middle of he viloge ha only 100 cen, ‘Wate going to eland where my parents were bern 4 The phone which Ihave justbought has ot of free apes. Christ Church collage which sin Oxford was tod ar one ofthe loeation fer the Hary Poster fis 6 The university which | want ta go tis very opel.ENTRY CHECKER pole verb, negative tg Weecald ty in You're Polit cet you? ‘Tha atch fines st 600, doo’ Your ster workadin the USA, did't che? We've mat before, havent we? You be OK, we’ you? ‘She anther toy she? You arent arg ae you? Ley does does she? ike base’ been to Rome befor, has he? ‘You wont te argon, il you? ‘You'd lendime some maney, woul’ you? Sue wouldntregn, woud she? + Question tags he, arent he? do you, de we, are often used to check something you seedy thinks tus Yourname’ Marin? + Toform a question tag, we us: ~ the covet suliary verb, 69. be/ do ave wl! would et. inthe correct form e.g do! dont, st forthe present. i/akdnt forthe part wil / won tte forthe fare = spronoun, e.g. he dey ete ~ anegatveautliry vor the sentence is postive an a positive aury verb if tha sentence negative or wth never 64 You never do the washing sp do you? 8 Match the phrases. ‘You've been hace before, (A camtyour 1 You syst me the rath, 8 aentyou2 2 Youtlcallme when you get there, Ge 3 Youhaven' tld anyone, () didntyour 4 Youtea tend of i, E have you? 5 Soup yc dome is ono: Af ciate 4 You dort want to go out tog, TF] 6 mount you? 7 You could help me wh tha, (]H satyour 8 Youdotnow whetwilhappenifyousaythst, —[F] 1 doyou? 9 Youwont leave without sjing goodbye, (] a cout your 10 Youd kno im i you se him api, 1 dowtyau? bb Complete with a question tag (are you? isn't, etc) You ica’ think fe forgotten your thay dy? we mis that train, there’ another one an hour 2 Your brother works inthe cy, —-——? House prices ae rising quickly in some paces, 2 ‘That ist your phone on the oor, 7 ‘You were planing to drive home tonight, 2 Your ser stuaying at Contig Ur, We won't getinte trouble ‘You were the lst person tose the suspect, 2 ‘Thats the famous actor we saw on ale, 10 The fowers ave been beaut this year,