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    79 views7 pages

    Solutions To Problems On Newton's Law of Cooling

    Uploaded by

    ChimChim Urk

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Solutions to Exercises on Newton's Law of Cooling S. F. Bllermeyer 1, A thermometer is taken from a room that is 20°C’ to the outdoors where the temperature is 5°C. After one minute, the thermometer reads 12°C. ‘Use Newton's Law of Cooling to answer the following questions. (a) What will the reading on the thermometer be after one more minute? (b) When will the thermometer read 6°C? Solution: If T is the thermometer temperature, then Newton's Law of Cooling tells us that ar ae T(o)= k(5-T) 20. The solution of this initial value problem is T=5+ 156", We still need to find the value of k. We ean do this by using the given information that T(1) = 12. In fact, let us pause here to consider the general problem of finding the value of &. We will obtain some facts that can be used in the rest of the problems involv Suppose that we have the model aT — ‘T, —T) a (Ts ) T(0)=T Tish where t, is some time other than 0. Then, from the first two equations in the model, we obtain T=E+(h-T)e* and from the third equation we obtain T, +(Ty-T,)e =T. 1 Thus (To-T.)e* =T, -T. which gives us ems ToT Th-T. or The latter equation gives us the value of k However, note that, in most problems that we deal with, it is not really necessary to find the value of k. Since the term e~™ that appears in the solution of Newton's Law of Cooling can be written as a (ey, we really just need (in most situations) to know the value of e~*, and this value has been obtained in the work done abave. In particular, the solution of Newton's Law of Cooling, T=T,+(%-T,)e™, can be written as th T=T,+(%-T,) (e*™) ; n-n\i" T=T,4+(h-Z, 2+ (To »(F=4) Returning now to the problem at hand (with the thermometer), we see that the temperature function for the thermomete: -»(3) Note that this makes sense because this formula gives us or as Tr T(0) and T() 7\t (+ 2. 6 To find what the thermometer will read two minutes after being taken out- side, we compute 72 i5(—) ~ss 16 which tells us that the thermometer will read about 8.3°C' two minutes atter being taken outside. TQ)= Finally, to determine when the thermometer will read 6°C., we solve the s+15(Z) =6. The step-by-step solution of this equation is equation Thus, the thermometer will reach 6°C’ after being outside for about 2.5 minutes, Let us remember, in solving the upcoming problems, that the solution of the problem av [=K(0,-7 dt ¢ ) T)=h Tish (which type of problem is called a boundary value prodlem because we are given prescribed values of a differential equation at two points) can be written as Rony" r=T+(h-n) (2-2 2, At midnight, with the temperature inside your house at 70°F and the temperature outside at 20°F, your furnace breaks down. Two hours later, the temperature in your house has fallen to 50°F. Assume that the outside temperature remains constant at F. At what time will le temperature of your house reach 40°F? the Solution: The boundary value problem that models this situation is & _4(20-7) dt T(0) =70 T (2) =50 where time 0 is midnight. The solution of this boundary value problem (trom the work done in problem 1 above) is va)" Note (for the purpose of a reasonableness check) that this formula giv T 4\ 0? T (0) =20 +50 (3) =70 and T(2) = 2000 ( To find when the temperature in the house will reach 40°F, we must solve the equation 3\2 20+50 (3) = 40. 5 The solution of this equation is In (2/5) (2 of) a6 Thus, the temperature in the house will reach 40°F a little after 3:30 a.m. t 4 3. You can find the temperature inside your refrigerator without putting a thermometer inside. Take a can of soda from the refrigerator, let it warm for half an hour, then record its temperature, Let it warm for another half an hour and record its temperature again. Suppose that the readings are T(1/2) = 45°F and T(1) = 55°F. Assuming that the room temperature is 70° F, what is the temperature inside the refrigerator? Solution: Tal the refrigerator to be the “zero time” (and stating the given information in an appropriate way), we have the boundary value problem ar at T(0)= T(1/2) the time one half hour after the soda was removed from 0-T) and we know that the solution of this boundary value problem is rv-a(f)" To check this formula for reasonableness, we observe that the formula gives YP nas *()-n-a()-» ‘The temperature of the refrigerator is the temperature of the can of soda at time t = —1/2, so we see that the temperature of the refrigerator is and 4, In a murder investigation, a corpse was found by a detective at exactly 8 P.M. Being alert, the detective also measured the body temperature and found it to be 70°F. Two hours later, the detective measured the body temperature again and found it to be 60°F. If the room temperature is 50°F, and assuming that the body temperature of the person before death was 986° at what time did the murder occur? Solution: With time 0 taken to be 8 P.M., we have the boundary value problem aT aes FH 7 RO-7) whose solution is T= . yi » +20 (2) : We would like to find the value of t for which T(t) = 98.6. Solving the so+2(3) 08.6 equation gives us It appears that this person was murdered at about 5:30 P.M. or so. Here is a graph of the function r=s0+2(5) over the time interval —2.56

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