KERAJAAN MALAYSIA JABATAN KERJA RAYA MALAYSIA STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR ROAD WORKS a JA PENGARAT KERIA RAYA KERJA RAYA MALAYSIA tal LTAN SALAHUDDIN, 50582 KUALA LUMPUR.FOREWORD As practices in road construction change over time, it is imperative for Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) to continuously update and improve their standard specifications. These new specifications are not only aimed at keeping abreast with current technologies but also in helping to improve the quality of constructed product. In unison, these new specifications have a significant positive impact on the construction industry especially with the incorporation of new products and technologies. Standard Specification for Road Works is an essential component in the road infrastructure construction industry. This Specification provides an improved guidance in the material selection and the production of good quality workmanship and products, based on current best practices. The purpose of this standard specification is to establish uniformity in road works to be used by road designers, road authorities, manufacturers and suppliers of road related products. This document “Standard Specification for Road Works - Section 17: Site Investigation” is a new section to the Standard Specification for Road Works. The compilation of this document was carried out through many discussions by the technical committee members. Additionally it has been presented at a technical workshop held on 16" — 17" October 2012. Feedbacks and comments received were carefully considered and incorporated in the specification where appropriate. This Specification had also been presented in the Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Spesifikasi Piawai JKR bagi Kerja-kerja Jalan Bil. 2/2013 on 6" February 2013 and finally approved in the Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Pemandu Pengurusan Bil. 17/2013 on 21" August 2013. The importance of site investigation cannot be over emphasised in civil engineering ‘works be it new development, upgrading works or geotechnical forensic investigations. Specification for site investigation works is very crucial because it gives clear requirements and expectations of the project owners or the clients. Clear specifications can result in more accurate and representative site investigation works carried out with the right tools and instruments. Although this Specification was intended to form part of the Standard Specifications for Road Works, it can also be used for buildings and other civil engineering works with necessary additions according to the design engineer's needs. St74This document will be reviewed and updated from time to time to cater for any changes on policies and current requirements. In this respect, any comments and feedback regarding this Specification should be forwarded to Unit Standard & Spesifikasi, Cawangan Kejuruteraan Jalan & Geoteknik. Published by: - Cawangan Kejuruteraan Jalan & Geoteknik Ibu Pejabat Jabatan Kerja Raya Tingkat 26, Menara PJD, No. 50, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur. Email: USSJ@jkr.gov.my February 2014 174ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This Standard Specification for Road Works - Section 17: Site Investigation has been prepared by a technical committee comprised of the following members: Committee Members En. Mohd Ali bin Deraman (Chairman) Ir. Khairul It. Hj. Ramlee bin Osman Ir. Amir Hamzah bin Mustapha Ir. Razali bin Che Embi Ir. Abdul Hadi bin Abdul Aziz En. Nicholas Jacob En. Suhaimi bin Jamaluddin En. Mohd Rahim bin Kawangit Ir. Hj. Ismail bin Abdul Rahman En. Bala Subramaniam a/l T.Ratnam En. Rosli bin Basar Ir, Naelah binti Mat Kasa En. Zulkifli bin Naim Hj, Azahari Ahmad It. Chow Chee Meng S174 Caw. Kej. Jalan & Geoteknik, JKR Caw. Kej. Jalan & Geoteknik, JKR Caw. Kej. Jalan & Geoteknik, JKR Caw. Kej. Jalan & Geoteknik, JKR Caw. Kerja Bangunan Am, JKR Caw. Kej. Jalan & Geoteknik, JKR Caw. Kej. Jalan & Geoteknik, JKR Bahagian Kej. Cerun, JKR Caw. Kej. Awam, Struktur & Jambatan, JKR Caw. Ke}. Awam, Struktur & Jambatan, JKR Caw. Kej. Jalan & Geoteknik; JKR JKR Pahang JKR Pulau Pinang JKR Johor Jabatan Mineral & Geosains Malaysia (Ipoh) G &P Consultants‘Special thanks and appreciation to the following proof reader: - Ir. Mohd Azahar bin Don Caw. Kej. Jalan & Geoteknik, JKR Finally, the publisher would like to express its gratitude to the above committee members ‘for their substantial contributions towards the successful completion of this document. S17-vSECTION 17 - SITE INVESTIGATION 17.4 PRELIMINARIES 17.1.1. Scope of Works 17.4.2 Documents Mutually Explanatory 17.1.3 Inspection of Site 17.1.4. Programme of Work 17.1.8 Setting Out and Coordinates 17.1.6 Supply of Plants, Materials and Labour 17.1.7 Public Safety and Protection of the Work 17.1.8 Interference with Traffic 17.1.9 Temporary Access 17.1.10 Workmen's Accommodation 17.14.11 Water Supply 17.1.12 Electricity Power Supply 17.1.13 Storage Facilities 17.1.14 Removal of Improper Plant / Machinery and Personnel 17.1.48 Appointment of Specialist Utility Contractor 17.1.16 Damage to Utilities and Services 17.14.17 Clearance of Site on Completion 17.1.18 Laboratory Testing Facilities 17.1.19 Method of Measurement 17.1.20 Submission of Reports 17.2. DEEP BORING 17.2.1 Boring Plant 17.2.2 Method of Advancing Boreholes 17.2.3. Casing for Boreholes 17.2.4 Other Methods of Stabilizing the Boreholes sity (JKR/SPJ/2013-817) PAGE si7-4 si7-1 si7-1 S17-2 817-2 S17-2 S17-2 S17-2 S173 S17-3 S17-3 817-3 817-3 S17-3 S17-4 S17-4 S17-4 S175 S17-5 S175 S17-6 S17-7 S17-7 S177 S177 S17-717.2.5 Heaving of the Bottom of the Boreholes 17.2.6 Size and Depth of Boreholes 17.2.7 Rock Drilling 17.2.8 Scope of Rock Drilling 17.2.9 Drilling Rigs and Ancillary Equipment 17.2.10 Core Barrels, Casing and Drill Rods 17.2.11 Drilling Method 1.2.12 Record of Drilling Equipment 17.2.13 Extraction of Cores (JKR/SPJ/2013-817) PAGE S17-8 S17-8 S17-8 S17-9 S17-9 817-10 S17-11 817-12 817-12 17.2.14 Core Recovery Ratio (CRR) and Rock Quality Designation (RQD) —-$17-12 17.2.18 Drilling Fluid 17.2.16 Unnatural Obstructions and Abandoned Boring 17.2.17 Backfilling of borehole and borehole marker 17.3 SAMPLING 17.3.1 Obtaining Disturbed Samples 17.3.2 Obtaining Undisturbed Samples with the Thin-Walled Tube 817-43 817-13 817-13 S17-15 S175 S175 17.3.3 Obtaining Undisturbed Samples with the Thin-Walled Stationary Piston ‘Samplers 17.3.4. Obtaining Undisturbed Samples with Open-tube Sampler 17.3.5 Preservation of Disturbed Samples 17.3.6 Preservation of Undisturbed Samples 17.3.7 Labelling of Soil Samples 17.3.8 Collection of Bulk Samples 17.3.8.1 Small disturbed samples 17.3.8.2 Tube Sampling 17.3.8.3 Bulk disturbed samples 17.3.9 Collection of Groundwater Sample 17.3.10 Storage and Transportation of Soil Samples 17.3.11 Preservation, Storage and Transportation of Rock Cores S17-vi S17-15 S17-15 817-16 817-16 817-16 817-16 S177 S17-47 S17-17 SI7-17 817-18 817-1817.3.12 Provision of "Record Samples" 174 FIELD TESTING 17.4.1. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) 17.4.2 Dynamic Probing Test (DP) 17.4.3 Field Vane Test 17.4.4 Static Cone Penetration Test (CPT)/ Piezocone (CPTu) 17.4.5. JKR or Mackintosh Probes (MP) 17.4.6 Groundwater Level Observation During SI Field Work 17.4.7 Ground Water Observation for Long Term Monitoring 17.4.7.1 Measurement Accuracy 17.4.7.2 First Encounter 17.4.7.3 Subsequent Encounter 17.4.7.4 Beginning and End of Shift 17.4.8 Standpipe Piezometers 17.4.8.1 Scope 17.4.8.2 Piezometer Tip and Tubing 17.4.8.3 Grouting 17.4.8.4 Sand Filter 17.4.8.5 Surface Installation 17.4.8.6 Water Level 17.4.9 Hand Auger Holes 17.4.10 Field Permeability Tests 17.4.11 Plate Loading Tests 17.5 LABORATORY TESTING 17.5.1. Scope of Laboratory Testing 17.5.2 Testing Standard 17.5.3. Soil Classification System 17.5.4 Units to be used 17.5.5. Testing Standard 17.5.6 Information Required S17-vi (JKR/SPJ/2013-817) PAGE 817-19 817-21 817-21 817-21 817-21 817-22 817-24 817-24 817-25 S17-25 817-25 817-25 817-25 817-26 817-26 817-26 817-26 817-26 817-27 817-27 817-27 S17-28 817-28 817-29 817-29 817-29 817-29 817-29 817-30 817-30(JKR/SPJ/2013-817) PAGE 17.6 REPORTING OF RESULT 817-40 17.6.1. Submission of Preliminary Field Log 817-40 17.6.2 Submission of Final Reports 817-42 17.6.3 Detail Drawings 817-42 17.6.4 Details Required in the Final Report 817-42 s17-vii(JKR/SPJ/2013-817) LIST OF TABLE TABLE 17.2.1: Proposed Rock Coring Depth TABLE 17.2.2: Size of Commonly Used Core Barrels, Casings and Drill Rods TABLE 17.3.1: Mass of Soil Sample Require for Various Laboratory Tests TABLE 17.5.1: Testing Standards and Additional Testing Requirements S17-ix PAGE S17-8 817-14 817-20 817-31SECTION 17: SITE INVESTIGATIONTA (IKRISPJ/2013-S17) SECTION 17 — SITE INVESTIGATION PRELIMINARIES q7AA TAZ Scope of Works ‘The Works in this Contract shall comprise of the following: - {a) Soil investigation (SI): deep boring JKR probes /hand augering/ sample collection’ laboratory testing as shown in the Contract Drawings / as Per List of Drawing {b) Submission of proper Site Investigation Report comprising of all relevant notes and pertinent information as required by this Specification The above Scope of Works are provisional and may be varied or omitted depending on the findings as the investigation proceeds. All Clauses in this Specification and the Bill of Quantities which relate to Works or part of the Works or materials not required under the Scope of Works shall be deemed not to apply. Documents Mutually Explanatory The documents forming the Contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another and in case of ambiguities or discrepancies, the provisions of the Conditions of Contract shall prevail over those of any other document forming part of the Contract. Provide always that any ambiguities or discrepancies shall be referred as soon as possible to the S.O, (Superintending Officer) who shall issue to the Contractor instructions directing the manner in which the Work(s) are to be carried out in accordance with the provisions of this Clause. The following references are used in the Specification (a) MS 2038 : 2006 - Code of Practice for Site Investigation {b) MS 1056 : 2005 - Method of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes (c) BS 5930: 1999- Code of Practice for Site Investigation si7-1171.3 AAA AAS AAG qAT (JKRISPJ/2013-S17) Inspection of Site The Contractor shall inspect and examine the Site and its surrounding and shall satisfy himself before submitting his tender as to the nature of the Site, the scope and nature of the Works, equipment, plant and materials necessary for its completion and in general, shall himself obtain all necessary information (subjects as above-mentioned) as to the risks, contingencies and other circumstances which may affect his tender. Programme of Work The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his approval a Works Programme within two (2) weeks after the date of appointment, showing the procedures and methods by which he proposes to carry out the Works and particulars of Plant and Temporary Works which the Contractor intends to supply, use or construct as the case may be. The submission and approval by the S.0. of such programme or particulars shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his duties or responsibilities under the Contract. Setting Out and Coordinates Setting out shall include taking of reduced levels and coordinates of all locations of investigation. The temporary bench marks used shall follow those given in the original site plan if the bench marks are given. Otherwise they shall be based on permanent features on the site. Under no circumstances shall reduced levels be obtained by interpolating contour lines on the site plan. Contractors are also advised to reconfirm the coordinates & reduced levels of site investigation locations before the completion of works. ‘Supply of Plants, Materials and Labour Except where otherwise specified, the Contractor shall at his own expense, supply and provide all plants, labour and materials for both temporary and permanent works, including the supervision thereof, transport to and from the Site and in and about the Works and other things of every kind / type required for the construction, completion and maintenance of the Works. Public Safety and Protection of the Work The Contractor shall, in connection with the Works, provide and maintain at his own cost all lights, guards, fencing and watching when and where necessary or required by the S.O. or by any competent statutory body or other authority recognized by the S.O. for the protection of the Works and the safety and convenience of the public or others. 817-2(JKRISPJ/2013-S17) 17.1.8 Interference with Traffic All operations necessary shall be carried out for the execution of the Works and temporary works as far as it is in compliance with the requirements of the Contract. The Contractor must ensure not to interfere with any public convenience and amenities or, the access to use and avoid occupation of Public or private roads, footpaths and waterways. The Contractor shall get approval from the local authority or relevant agencies before commencing works. Warning signages shall be displayed when there is interference to public safety. 17.1.9 Temporary Access ‘The Contractor shall provide all temporary roads and accesses required for the proper execution of the Works. He shall provide at all times during the progress of the Works, proper means of access with ladders, boats etc. and the necessary attendance for inspection of the Works by the S.O. or his representative(s) as directed. 171.10 Workmen's Accommodation The Contractor shall be responsible for the proper and safe accommodation at site for his labour force to the satisfaction of the relevant health authorities and other agencies involved. 171.11 Water Supply The Contractor shall provide clean water required in connection with the Works, including the supply and fixing of all fittings, maintenance of the supply, payment of all fees, removal of all fittings and making good all disturbances after completion of the Works. Clean water shall be free from mud, organic materials and chemical compounds. 17.1.12 Electricity Power Supply Should the Contractor require any electricity supply, he shall make his own arrangement with the authorities concemed, comply with all safety regulations and pay all fees in connection with its installation, supply and maintenance. 17.1.13 Storage Facilities The Contractor shall provide proper facilities for the storage and protection of soil, rock and water samples. Si7-3(JKRISPJ/2013-S17) Sampling procedure specified as Sample Storage and Inspection Facilities refer to MS 2038; 2006: Clause 6.2. 17.1.14 Removal of Improper Plant / Machinery and Personnel The S.0. shall, during the course of the Works, have the power to give order(s) in writing from time to time pertaining to the following: - (@) The removal from site of any plant not conforming to the requirements of the Specification and the replacement of such plant at the Contractor's own cost. (b) The dismissal from site of any technician, supervisor, plant operator, or any workmen of the Contractor found incapable or refusing to follow the proper procedure of work as specified, and replacement of such workmen at the Contractor's own cost. The Contractor's attention is drawn particularly to the technician's or supervisor's capability to identify and describe correctly soil and rock samples in the field, and to do survey work including taking reduced levels and setting out. Contractor's Supervisor shall have adequate site experience and training to enable him to describe samples correctly. 17.1.15 Appointment of Specialist Utility Contractor The Contractor may appoint a specialist utility contractor to detect underground services subject to the S.O. approval. The contractor should be fully responsible for any information or outcome of the specialist contractor's work which is deemed to be part of the overall SI works. 17.1.16 Damage to Utilities and Services Particular care should be taken to avoid damages to electricity mains, water mains, telecommunication mains, fibre optic, sewerage system, gas mains, etc. The Contractor is fully responsible to ascertain the positions of all mains or services in the vicinity of the boreholes and all other tests by all means of utility mapping detection method deemed necessary. He shall be fully responsible for any damage caused and for claims of any consequential damages arising out of the works carried out. He shall be fully responsible to make good any damage caused to the respective utilities and services and indemnify the Government for any costs incurred, if any, on the failure of the Contractor to make good such damages. The S.O. shall be immediately informed if any of the original locations of the boreholes or other tests coincide with the positions of the mains or services. It will be the S.0.'s responsibility to change the locations of the affected boreholes or other tests. S17-4(JKRISPJ/2013-S17) 17.1.7 Clearance of Site on Completion ‘As soon as the investigation works are completed, all test pits, vane shear tests, etc. shall be backfilled and compacted to the satisfaction of the S.O. On completion, the Contractor shall remove from site all plants, surplus materials, condemned equipment, temporary works and rubbish of any kind, and leave the Site and Works clean and tidy to the satisfaction of the s$.0. Completed boreholes shall be inserted with PVC casings as specified in Clause 17.2 Deep Boring. 17.1.18 Laboratory Testing Facilities The Contractor shall cary out laboratory tests at his own testing laboratory(s) and to be approved by the S.O. and/or accredited by a recognized accreditation body. If the testing facilities of other laboratories, other than what has been approved, are to be made use of, it should be indicated during the submission and prior permission of the S.O. is to be obtained. List of Laboratory technicians & supervisor for the job should be submitted during the tender. Details as follows: - (a) Names (b) Identification no (VC) (©) Qualifications (4) Numbers of years experiences in soil testing The works shall be coordinated by a qualified engineer registered with the Board of Engineers Malaysia. All the testing results shall be checked and certified by a Professional Engineer. All the testing machines and associated apparatus should be duly calibrated by SIRIM or other calibration bodies approved by the S.O. 171.19 Method of Measurement Except where any description of the Works in the Specifications, Drawings or Bill of Quantities expressly shows the contrary, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedure set forth in the latest edition of the Standard Method of Measurement of Civil Engineering Quantities published by the CIDB or the latest standard in use, S175(JKRISPJ/2013-817) 17.1.20 Submission of Reports The Contractor shall submit a field borelog (within 3 days) to the S.O. once the tests at a single testing location within the site are completed. On ‘completion of the whole of the Works, the Contractor shall submit: - (a) Six (6) hard copies (binded), and (b) A soft copy of the Soil Investigation Report to the S.O. / Designer as specified in Clause 17.6-Reporting of Result and the Scope of Work. The report must be jointly signed by the SI Contractor responsible for the Works and all test results shall be checked and endorsed by a Professional Engineer (P.E.) having adequate experience in geotechnical engineering field. S176(JKR/SP/2013-S17) 17.2 DEEP BORING 17.2.1 Boring Plant The plants used shall be capable of boring/driling to the maximum depth indicated in the Bill of Quantities/Drawings, Soil Investigation Scope of Work, etc. or a depth of 60 metres from existing ground level. The plants used shall be suitable for advancing the borehole, sampling, in- situ testing and rock drilling in accordance with the relevant specification of each of these operations. The plant shall have adequate and suitable accessories to perform all the tests specified. 17.2.2 Method of Advancing Boreholes The method used shall be such that an accurate and continuous observation of the soil encountered is possible throughout the process. No mixing of soil from different levels shall be allowed to occur. When undisturbed sample is to be taken, a reasonable clean hole shall be provided and the portion of soil to be sampled is not unduly disturbed. Allowed methods shall be rotary boring, rotary wash boring, continuous augering, continuous sampling and rotary drilling or a combination of these methods subject to S.. approval. Method of Rotary boring refers to MS 2038: 2006: Clause 4.2.8.3. 17.2.3 Casing for Boreholes Casings should be provided as soon as boring works are carried out where distance between the cutting bit and casing is kept within 150.0 mm or where practical. Boring without casing is only permitted if there is no collapse in the hole and subject to S.O. approval. Other Methods of Stal 1g the Boreholes Other methods of stabilizing the boreholes may be carried out subject to the prior approval of the S.O. on the procedure used. In some cases-mud, polymers or foam are used to maintain or assist borehole stability and aid the transport of drill cutting to the surfaces. SI7-717.2.5 17.26 (JKRISP/2013-S17) Heaving of the Bottom of the Boreholes To prevent heave and disturbance to the soil at the bottom of the borehole, the level of drilling fluid in the hole must at all times be equal to, or higher than the level of the ground water. This condition shall be strictly observed in formations of fine sand or silt, or in operations involving undisturbed ‘sampling. Size and Depth of Boreholes The size of the boreholes shall be such that the requirements of size in ‘sampling, in-situ testing, etc. are satisfied. Unless otherwise stated or specified, boring in soil shall be stopped when the standard penetration test values over a depth of nine meters are equal to or greater than 50 blows/0.3m for five to seven consecutive readings. The S.0. shall modify this general rule depending on actual site conditions and the Scope of Work. When rock is encountered, drilling shall be carried out. Type of rock coring depth refers to table below: - TABLE 17.2.1 - PROPOSED ROCK CORING DEPTH Type of Rock Depth of coring. min(m) RQD (%) Igneous Rock 3.0m 50. Sedimentary Rock 3.0m 50 Methamorphic Rock 3.0m 50 Limestone Rir > 50% and no oaviy 6.0m 60 Limestone Rir < 50% with caly 9.0m - 21.0m 60 Note: Min dril core sample size 52mm dia. (NMLC or HMLC) Igneous rock- eg. : granite, gabbro, basalt, micro granite, etc Sedimentary Rock— eg. : siltstone, shale, tuff, etc. Methamorphic Rock — eg. : schist, slate, sandstone, etc. “Actual core depth refers to Designer / S.0. 17.27 Rock Drilling The procedure for the rock drilling shall be in accordance with ASTM 1D2113-70(1976) “Diamond Core Drilling for Site Investigation”. The minimum core diameter acceptable shall be 30.2mm (AWX, AWM core barrels). However when directed by the S.O. cores of 54.0mm diameter (NWX, NWM core barrels) shall be taken. S17817.2.8 17.29 (JKRISP/2013-S17) ‘The Core Recovery Ratio (CRR) and the Rock Quality Designation (RQD) as described below (see Clause 17.2.14) shall be reported for each core run. Scope of Rock Drillin: Rotary core drilling shall be carried out at locations as directed by the S.0. Driling shall be carried out in accordance with good practice as detailed in ASTM D 2113 or similar approved standard. Drilling shall consist of obtaining core samples of the full depth of the strata being penetrated. Should the Contractor fail to ensure that drilling and sampling is undertaken as specified or instructed then he may be liable to re-drill all or part of a borehole at his own expense should the S.O. so directs. Drilling Rigs and Ancillary Equipment Drilling rigs shall be of the hydraulic feed type with sufficient horsepower and capacity to drive a rotary tool tipped with diamonds or tungsten carbide in the sizes and to the depth specified. The rigs shall be such that they are capable of applying to the drilling bit a working hydraulic thrust of the order of 10.0KN to 30.0KN. The weight of the drilling rig shall be compatible with the maximum hydraulic thrust required without movement of the rig. If the weight of the rig is insufficient to prevent movement, the base of the rig shall be securely anchored down or loaded. The rigs shall also be fitted with a tachometer and a hydraulic feed pressure gauge, both of appropriate scales. A rigid rod, clearly graduated in 10mm increments shall be permanently attached to and parallel with the hydraulic feed rams, to provide a means of measuring penetration and estimating penetration rates. Where the flushing medium is water, a centrifugal or reciprocating pump shall be provided equipped with a gear box and capable of delivering up to 2 4's. The pump shall incorporate a ‘surge’ bottle to reduce fluctuations in water pressure and the suction hose shall be fitted with a suitable filter at all times. A full by-pass system shall be provided and attached to the drilling rig to allow the operator full control of water flow from zero to maximum pump delivery rate. ‘A pressure gauge capable of operating in the range 0 N/m? to 2000 kN/m? shall be directly fitted into the water supply line on the ‘downstream’ side of the by-pass valve. si7-9(JKRISPJ/2013-S17) Where the flushing medium in use is air with foam additive, an air compressor capable of producing 2m‘/min to S5m'/min with a working pressure of up to 700kN/m? shall be provided. A by-pass system similar to that required for water flush and a pressure gauge of appropriate scale shall also be provided. To iinject liquid foam mixture into the flushing airstream, an air-driven drum pump or other approved system shall be provided. The pump shall be equipped with a pressure balancer, a pressure limiting valve and an on/off control valve with the facility for regulating the flow of liquid foam mixture up to maximum of 0.1 é/s. Details of the proposed foam additive and mixes shall be submitted to the S.. for approval and the use of a foam stabilizer shall not be permitted unless this has been agreed to by the S.O. The Contractor shall ensure that the proposed foam is either fully biodegradable or water soluble and make arrangements for the collection and removal or dispersal of the foam returns when required. The Contractor shall provide recent calibration certificates for all gauges and measuring equipment used. Calibration shall have taken place within one year of intended use. 17.2.10 Core Barrels, Casing and Drill Rods Details of the manufacturers and the specifications of all core barrels and of proposed tungsten carbide and diamond core bits shall be given The Contractor shall supply section drawings of the barrels and bits he proposes to use. He shall also submit manufacturer's brochures illustrating the type of equipment he proposes to use. The use of equipment without such information shall not be allowed. The core barrels shall be to the approved manufacturers’ details and specification. Unless otherwise approved by the S.O.., all accessories and spare parts shall be as supplied or recommended by the manufacturer. The Contractor shall provide sufficient number of core barrels and accessories in order to carry out the scheduled work. Each core barrel shall be provided with a full range of bit types to cope with the various ground conditions encountered at the Site. Spares for each bit type shall be available for use on Site without causing any delay to drilling operations. An adequate supply of short, medium and long plain retractor shoes shall be available for use with Mazier type triple tube retractable core barrels. All core barrels shall be equipped with sediment catcher tubes. The tube shall have the same external diameter as the core barrel, and its length shall be approximately 0.75 m. The upper end shall be tapered with the s17-40(JKRISPJ/2013-S17) upper edge curved slightly inwards to prevent fouling the side of the borehole on withdrawal of the core barrel. Triple tube core barrels shall be equipped with built in ball check pistons to ensure that the core is not subjected to water flushing when extracting the inner barrel containing the core. Casing shall be used to prevent collapse of the sides of the hole. The size of casing and drill rods shall be appropriate for the size of core barrel in use. All casing and drill rods shall be straight and in good condition, and shall be cleaned thoroughly before use to ensure that all scale, dirt, and other loose materials are removed. All drill rods shall be of standard lengths e.g. 3.0, 1.5, 0.75m. Short lengths of drill rods and casing shall be available to enable continuous coring to be carried out. Refer to Table 17.2.2 - Size of commonly used core barrels, casings and drill rods (same table can be referred at MS 2038: 2006: Clause 4.2.7.3 - Tablet). 17.2.11 Drilling Method The method and equipment used shall be such that: - (a) The soil encountered and the levels of strata boundaries can be accurately identified, (b) Truly representative disturbed and undisturbed sample can be obtained and field installations incorporated at any depth in the borehole. Drilling shall be carried out in such a manner and using such sizes of bits including any required modification to the drill bit, such that the maximum amount of core is recovered. This requires close surveillance of drilling fluid, driling pressures, lengths of runs and all other factors relevant to the nature of the material being drilled. The core barrel shall be withdrawn and the core removed as often as may be necessary to secure the maximum possible amount of core. Coring runs shall be limited to a maximum length of 1.5m. When less than ‘95% of the core is recovered from a run the length of the following run shall be reduced by 50% unless otherwise directed by the S.O. If less than 50% recovery is achieved the following run shall not exceed 0.5m until full recovery is achieved from two consecutive runs. S171(JKRISPJ/2013-S17) The core barrel shall be removed from the borehole immediately if blocking of the bit or grinding of the core is apparent regardless of the length of run which has been made. The Contractor shall in general use no drilling lubricants in the borehole other than clean water, air or air with an approved drilling foam addi Additives shall only be used in the flushing medium upon approval by the 8.0. 17.2.12 Record of Drilling Equipment On the daily record sheet the driller shall record the type of core barrel and coring bit used. This information shall be recorded for each core run. 17.2.13 Extraction of Cores Core shall be extracted from double tube barrels using a hydraulic or similar approved extruder. The extruder shall apply a continuous pressure to one end of the core whilst the barrel is in a horizontal position. Drilling shall not be allowed to commence unless a suitable approved extruder is available on Site. No standing time shall be approved by the 8.0. in respect of delays resulting from this requirement. Cores from triple tube barrels with continuous inner liners shall be carefully removed from the core barrel, sealed and labeled as specified. Cores from split-tube or triple tube shall be carefully removed from the core barrels using hydraulic pressure and be carefully transferred into split plastic tubes of the same internal diameter. The S.0. may instruct certain core lengths to be sealed in aluminium foil and waxed before sealing inside the plastic tube. Where airffoam is used as the flushing medium, a water supply with complete by-pass shall also be available and used for the extrusion of the split inner tubes form the core barrel. Under no circumstances shall air pressure be used for the extrusion of cores. ‘The Contractor shall submit a detailed method statement explaining how the core shall be extracted from the core barrel. The Works shall not proceed until this method statement has been agreed with the S.0. 17.2.14 Core Recovery Ratio (CRR) and Rock Quality Designation (RQD) The Core Recovery Ratio (CRR), Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and the Fracture Index (Fl) as described below shall be reported for each core run. Good quality core is defined as intact core having a fully circular circumference. The CRR shall mean the ratio of the total length of the good si7-412(IKRISPJ/2013-S17) quality cores over the drilling, expressed to the nearest 5%. The RQD is the ratio of the length of good quality cores each exceeding 100mm in length over the drilling run, correct to be nearest 5%. Any length of core containing breaks caused during drilling or handling shall be considered as solid when computing the RQD. The FI shall mean the fractures caused during drilling or extractions of the core from the core barrel of liner are not included in the assessment of Fl 47.2.15 Drilling Fluid The drilling fluid shall normally be water. However, with approval from the S.0., air, mud, polymer or air foam may also be used. 17.2.16 Unnatural Obstructions and Abandoned Boring Should unnatural obstructions to boring be encountered, the S.O. shall be informed immediately so that a decision can be made regarding the use of any special technique, including chiseling or diamond driling, or termination of the borehole. Boreholes terminated with the consent of the S.O. shall be measured. Under no circumstances shall the Contractor abandon or terminate a borehole without the approval of the S.0. Boreholes so abandoned or terminated will not be measured. However should the Contractor be unable to complete any borehole due to the obstruction by underground services or structures which cannot be reasonably foreseen after the clause "Damage of overhead and underground mains and services” in the Preliminaries has been complied with the completed borehole, only then measurement is allowed to be taken, 17.2.17 Backfilling of borehole and borehole marker Boreholes shall be backfilled with free-flowing sand or silt as the borehole casing is withdrawn, in such a manner that collapse of the sides of the borehole is precluded. The cost of backfilling shall be deemed to be included in the rates for boring, For other types of backfilling of borehole, refer to MS 2038: 2006: Clause 4.29. For construction of borehole markers, including exposed PVC pipe 0.5m, concrete base 300mm x 300mm x 200mm, clear and permanent marking ate X & Y to be marked on concrete base or subject to S.O 817-13(JKRISPJ/2013-S17) TABLE 17.2.2 - SIZE OF COMMONLY USED CORE BARRELS, CASINGS AND DRILL RODS Core barrels Casings Drill rods. Double-tube Triple-tube Flush jointed Flush-coupled Design | Nominal | Design | Design | OD | ID | Design | Rod Coupling diameter Core | Hole 0D | 1D 1D Tw | 67 | 76 | NMIC | 82) 76 | NW) 89 | 76 | BW | 54) aq 9 276 | 62 | 76 Hw | 115 | 10 | Nw | 67 | 57 36 1 T2101 | 84 | 101 | HMLC | 64 | 99 | PW | 140 | 126] HW | 89 | 80 @0 e101 | 79 | 101 Maziom | 76 | 101 | PW | 140 | 126| HW | 67 | 7 3% sc- | 76) 111 Mict* ac— | 102 | 140 | SW | 168 | 163; HW | 69 | 80 eo Lc Legend: * With retractor shoe “With or without retractor shoe OD Outer diameter ID Inner diameter NoTES: 1. This list is not exhaustive and should not imply the exclusion of other recognised core barrels and casinglrods systems. 2. For additional information, reference can be made to BS 4019: Part 1 (BSI 1974a) on rotary core driling equipment and Figure 29 of BS 5930 (BSI, 19812) 817-14(JKR/SPJ/2013-S17) 17.3. SAMPLING 17.3.2 17.3.3 173.4 Disturbed samples may be obtained by any means as long as the soil sample obtained is representative and unchanged in the constituent contents. Samplers with flap retainer or basket retainer or other attachment may be necessary for cohesionless soils. The minimum amount of soil sample refer to MS 2038: 2006: Clause 4.4.3: Table 3, shall be that quantity sufficient for the soils to be tested in the various classification tests, such as moisture content, Atterberg limits and particle size distribution, Qbtaining Undisturbed Samples with the Thin-Walled Tube Undisturbed samples shall be taken with the thin-walled tube sampler described in MS 2038: 2006: Clause 4.4.4.3. Minimum outside diameter of the tube shall be compatible with size of bore hole or casing adopted or the size approved by the S.O. Wall thickness shall be between 1.5mm and 2.0mm with an inside clearance of 0.5% to 1.0%. Inside of the tube shall be 10% nominally. The tube shall be pushed into the base of the borehole by a continuous thrust and steady motion without driving, impact or twisting. The driling rig or boring plant used shall be capable of exerting a static thrust 25.0kN on the sampler. Obtaining Undisturbed Samples with the Thin-Walled Stationary Piston Sampl Disturbed samples shall be preserved and placed in bags made of heavy- gauge polyethylene sheeting of an approved thickness. Each sample shall be placed in 2 layers of such sheeting, each layer sealed to form an airtight bag. The samples shall then be placed in appropriate container for transporting to the laboratory or location designated by the S.O. or his representative. Obtaining Undisturbed Samples with Open-tube Sampler Open-tube samples shall generally be taken in stif to hard cohesive soils in percussion borings using open-tube sampler and equipment as described in BS 5930, and the sampler shall have a minimum diameter of 100mm and a minimum length of 450mm. The cutting shoes shall be clean, sharp and without burred edges. Area ratio shall be less than 25% with an inside clearance of 1 to 2%. The number of blows, weight of drop hammer, height of drop and length driven shall be recorded when percussion boring is used. 817-1517.3.5 17.3.6 17.3.7 17.3.8 (JKRISPJ/2013-S17) Preservation of Disturbed Samples Disturbed samples shall be preserved and placed in bags made of heavy- gauge polyethylene sheeting of an approved thickness. Each sample shall be placed in 2 layers of such sheeting, each layer sealed to form an airtight bag. The samples shall then be placed in appropriate containers for transporting to the laboratory or location designated by the S.O. or his representative. Preservation of Undisturbed Samples About 25 mm of soil shall be removed from the top and bottom of the sample tube and preserved as disturbed samples. The ends of the sample tube shall then be filled with a non-shrinking microcrystalline wax in suitable layers to a thickness of about 25 mm. The voids at the ends shall then be completely filled with moist sand or other suitable fillers. Sealing of the tube shall be done by sealing the sample with wax and completed by capping the tube with suitable tight-fitting caps. Labelling of Soil Samples For disturbed samples, a label clearly and indelibly marked with the name of the project, borehole number, depth of sampling, date taken and the type of sample (e.g. split-barrel tube samples, auger samples or from the ends of undisturbed samples) shall be placed inside the polyethylene bag. The outside of the bag shall also be marked with the sample number, borehole number and project number with the same legend used in the borelog. A suggested format is D,(U,)/j/z where x is the sample number, y the borehole number, z the project number, D for disturbed samples and U for undisturbed samples. For undisturbed samples, additional information required in the label includes the recovery ratio and the maximum hydraulic force/dynamic force used to secure the sample. The label shall be placed just below the cap at the top of the sample. The marking on the outside of the tube shall be similar to that for the disturbed samples. In addition, the top and bottom of the sample shall be indicated. Hlection of Bulk Sampl The recommended weights for each soil type with various soil laboratory testing are shown at Table 17.3. S746(JKRISPJ/2013-S17) 17.3.8. Small disturbed samples Small disturbed samples of not less than 1kg shall be taken at each change in soil type, change in consistency or as instructed by the S.0. They shall be placed immediately in air-tight containers which they should sensibly fill. 17.3.8.2 Tube Sampling 1738, 17.3.9 ‘As directed by the S.O., open tube undisturbed samples shall be taken in trial pits using U100 samplers using approved thin walled sampler tubes as described in MS 2038 : 2006 : Clause 4.4.4 Prior to sampling in trial pits, the area over-tying the soil to be sampled shall be cleared by the Contractor of all materials which has altered from its natural condition in order to expose soil in its natural condition. 3 Bulk disturbed samples Bulk disturbed samples of not less than 30kg shall be collected over a depth interval of 0.5m at specified depths or as instructed by the S.0. The samples collected shall be representative of the zone from which they have been taken. In association with the bulk sampling, two separate samples of not less than 0.2kg each shall be taken for natural moisture content determination and shall be collected, preserved and stored as disturbed samples in accordance with Clause 17.3.4. Collection of Groundwater Sample Ground water samples collected shall be representative of the ground water found in the borehole. It shall be taken as soon as practicable after groundwater is first encountered. About minimum of 1 litre shall be collected with a clean container and stored in a clean watertight glass or plastic container. Metal container shall not be used. The name of the project, borehole number, and the date of sampling shall be indicated on the outside of the container. If the sample is to be delivered to the S.0.'s Office, the container shall remain the property of S.0. S17-17(KRISPJ/2013-S17) 17.310 Storage and Transportation of Soil Samples The Contractor shall store all samples in an orderly fashion at site in protective boxes in a dry place and under cover to the maximum period of two weeks. They are to be dispatched to the designated laboratories or as directed by the SO. The thin walled, stationary piston and Mazier type undisturbed sampler ‘shall be stored and protected with utmost care to avoid disturbance to the samples. They shall be placed and transported in approved shipping containers. The shipping container shall be constructed such that they are padded throughout with rubber foam and contain partitions to stop the sampler tubes from moving in any direction during transporting to the laboratory. The rubber foam lining shall have a minimum uncompressed thickness of 100 mm. The container shall be capable of accommodating a minimum of three undisturbed samples and shall be of strong construction with carrying handles. Prior to the commencement of site work, the Contractor shall submit a sample of the shipping container for approval. During transportation, all undisturbed samples shall be protected in the ‘same manner as during storage on site. ‘The Contractor shall describe the methods of sample transport in his final report. 17.3.11 Preservation, Storage and Transportation of Rock Cores Core boxes shall be constructed of sound materials such as timber or reinforced plastic with a lid having secure fastenings. Handles shall be attached to the core box for lifting. Core boxes shall not contain more than 50kg of core. The height of the core boxes shall be compatible with the diameter of the core to be stored in them. As the core is extruded it shall be arranged in the box in proper sequence starting with the shallowest core on the left side nearest the hinge and then working along the slat and subsequently outwards towards the clasp. Slats shall be positioned and secured such that the core is restrained from movement. Wooden partition blocks not less than 25.0 mm in thickness shall be placed at the beginning and end of each box and at the end of each core run. These blocks shall be marked with the depth below ground level in waterproof marking in numbers at least 20.0mm high and facing the box lid. Each core box shall be marked in English identifying the site locality, borehole number, core box number, depths, and date. S17-18(JKRISPJ/2013-S17) Core losses shall be shown by wooden blocks or polystyrene of a square cross-section to fill the core space and of a length equal to the core lost. Until the boxes containing the cores are transported from the site, they shall be neatly stored at the borehole locations in such a manner that inspection of the cores can easily be made. The boxes shall be stored under cover and protected from the weather. All core boxes shall be carefully transported to avoid damage and disturbance to the contents. Unexamined core samples contained within plastic lining tubes and waxed samples retained for testing shall be stiffened with laths of wood and wrapped carefully with foam sheeting to minimize disturbance during transportation. All core, boxes and samples shall be delivered to Contractor's store and shall remain the property of the S.0. The samples should be kept for a period of one month or as instructed by the S.O. 17.3.12 Provision of "Record Samples" Whenever directed by the S.0., about 250 g of representative soil sample shall be taken from the disturbed/undisturbed samples, and sealed inside a clear plastic container. These samples shall be known as "record samples" and shall be delivered to the Representative Laboratory. The borehole number and the depth of sample shall be marked on a card placed inside the container. All the “record samples” from the same project shall be stored in a big polyethylene bag of suitable gauge and size, the name of the project and the year and month of investigation clearly and indelibly marked on the bag. The instruction to supply these "record samples" shall be given together with the instruction for laboratory test. These samples shall be delivered to the S.0.'s office at the same time as submitting the final reports or as directed by the S.O. It can be expected that only non-cohesive or residual soil samples need be preserved as "record samples". The cost of provision of these samples shall be deemed to be included in the bills for obtaining the disturbed/undisturbed samples. s17-19(JKR/SPJ/2013-S17) TABLE 17.3.1 - MASS OF SOIL SAMPLE REQUIRE FOR VARIOUS LABORATORY TESTS Purpose of sample Soil Mass of sample require ‘Soil identification including Clay, silt, sand 1 Atterberg limits, sieve - , analysis, moisture content |__Fine & medium gravel 5 and supphate content test Coarse gravel 30 ‘Compaction tests All 25 to 80 Comprehensive Clay, silt, sand 100 examination of construction | = . Seas eel at Fine & medium gravel 130 stabilization Coarse gravel 160 817-20(JKR/SPJ/2013-S17) 17.4 FIELD TESTING 174A 174.2 17.4.3 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) SPT shall be carried out in accordance with, MS 1056: Part 9: Clause 5.4, "Determination of the penetration resistance using the split-barrel sampler’, using a self-tripping hammer as stipulated in the test procedure. In general it shall be carried out in all types of soil except the very soft and soft clays. If the SPT-N less than 4 are consistently encountered, the S.O shall be Notified for further instructions. Generally the test shall be carried out at 1.5 m intervals unless otherwise instructed by the S.O. The value of penetration resistance N, as defined in the Malaysian Standard shall be reported together with the number of blow counts for each 75 mm penetration of the sampling tube in bracket. The blow counts for the first 150 mm penetration (the seating drive) which do not contribute to the value of N shall also be included in the bracket. Two examples are N = 42 (2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 19) and N = 50/100 mm (28, 30, 35, 15/25 mm). Using standard blows the seating drive shall be a penetration of 150mm or 25 blows whichever is first reached. The number of blows required for a further penetration of 300mm is the test drive and is termed the penetration resistance (SPT-N). The soil sample recovered from the split-barrel tube shall be preserved as a disturbed sample for subsequent testing. Record sample shall be provided when directed by the S.0. The cost for the preservation of sample, transportation to the laboratory and provision of record sample shall be deemed to be included in the bills for carrying out the Standard Penetration Test. Dynamic Probing Test (DPT) The dynamic probing test shall consist of a 90 degree cone as described in MS 1056: Part9: Clause 5.2. The driving mechanism and apparatus shall follow MS 1056: Part9: Clause 5.3.4.3: Table 1. The result consists of a plot showing the number of blows of the hammer to drive the cone each 100mm in depth and the values of the torque (Nm) at specified intervals. Field Vane Test (FVT) Vane tests shall be carried out in accordance with MS 1056: Part9: Clause 6.5 “Determination of in-situ vane shear strength of weak intact cohesive soils’. In general it shall be carried out in very soft to stiff non-fissured cohesive soils, and at 1.0m to 1.5m interval as instructed by the S.O.. Each 817-211744 (IKRISPJ/2013-S17) operation shall include the determination of both the undisturbed and remoulded strength and its sensitivity. The equipment shall follow the requirement of MS 1056: Part 9: Clause 6.5. The torque measuring instrument shall consist of an apparatus in which the mechanism is rotated by a worm and pinion where the worm is driven by a hand wheel. The minimum diameter of the field vane shall be 50.0mm. For test in soft clays, SPT less than 4, minimum vane diameter shall be 63.5mm. The full operation of the field vane test shall include the taking of a representative disturbed sample after the completion of the shearing operation with a split-barrel sampler or otherwise. The gauges used for the measurement of strength shall be calibrated regularly, at least once a year. Calibration certificates from an acceptable standards agency shall be given to the S.0. and a copy made available for the S.0.'s inspection. Any gauge calibrated more than 1 year earlier shall not be allowed to be used. ‘Static Cone Penetration Test (CPT)/ Piezocone (CPTu) This method covers the determination of the resistance of soils in situ to the continuous penetration at a slow uniform rate of a series of push rods having a cone at the base, and measuring continuously or at selected depth intervals the penetration resistance of the cone and, if required, the local friction resistance on a friction sleeve and pore pressure in the vicinity of the cone and sleeve in accordance with MS 1056: Part 9: Clause 5.2 “Determination of the penetration resistance using the fixed 60 degree cone and friction sleeve (static cone penetration test CPT)’ The plant used shall be of an approved type with a vertical thrust capacity of 200kN. In general, measurement of cone resistance, friction resistance and total friction shall be taken at 0.25 m interval up to the depth 5 meters and at 0.5m interval for depths greater than 5 meters. Sounding can be considered to be complete when the total resistance exerted on the rods exceeds 50 KN or when the cone resistance exceeds 30 MN/m? unless instructed otherwise. When instructed by the S.O. sounding shall be continued when the total resistance exerted on the rod exceeds 90 KN with the use of a friction reducer. In such a case, only the cone resistance needs to be measured and the operation shall be stopped when the cone resistance reaches 30 MNim? Cones with electrical recording mechanism which measures cone resistance, local friction and pore water pressure can be used. The cone 817-22(JKRISPJ/2013-S17) shall incorporate a filter and transducer for the instantaneous measurement of pore water pressure, The filter used to measure pore water pressure shall be located between the cone and the friction sleeve. The filter shall be of the same external diameter as the friction sleeve, and shall be approved by S.O. The fitter shall be saturated in a desired silicon oil or similar approved liquid and the same liquid shall be used to fil the space within the cone between the filter and the pore pressure transducer. The use of ceramic filter elements and/or water as the saturating liquid will not be permitted unless approved by the 8... A new filter shall be used for each test and shall be fitted onto the cone within a reservoir of the same liquid used to saturate the filter. Monitoring and recording equipment shall be capable of providing the following records of the measured parameters during the execution of the tests: - (2) A continuous or quasi-continuous record of all measured parameters stored in CD-ROM to be used for eventual production of the final plots. (b) An instantaneous pen plot or graphical display of at least three measured parameters, cone resistance, local friction and pore water pressure, (ce) Abhard copy of measured numerical parameters recorded at intervals of 100mm or less. The equipment shall have the capability of reading to the following minimum values: - (2) Cone: 0.01Mpa (b) Local friction: 0.1kPa (©) Pore water pressure 1kPa (d) _ Inclination: 1.0 Degree (e) Ground temperature readings: 1.0 Degree Dissipation tests shall be carried out at locations and depths to be decided by the S.O. where penetration of the piezocone shall be stopped and excess pore water pressure allowed to dissipate. During these periods, loading on the sounding tubes shall be removed. Dissipation of excess pore Pressure shall be recorded on a time scale. In addition to any graphical plots, numerical values of pore water pressure shall be recorded at least at the following times after ceasing penetration: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 and 60 minutes. It is expected that a one hour period of dissipation will generally be sufficient, 817-23