IS 456: 2000

ANNEX F
(Claus" 3.5.3.2 and43.1)
CALCULATION OF CRACK WIDTH

Provided that the strain in the tension reinforcement x =thedepthfromthecompression faceto the
is limitedto 0.8F/ E•• thedesip surface cock width. neutral axis.
whichshould not exceed the appropriate valueJiven I. = the maximum compressive stress in the
in 35.3.2 may be calculated from the following concrete.
equation:
Design surfacecrack width
t. = the tensile stressin the reinforcement. and
=
E. the modulus of elasticity of the reinforcement
Alternatively. as an approximation. it will normally
besatisfactory tocalculate thesteelstresson thebasis
ofa cracked section andthenreduce thisbyan amount
equal to the tensile force generated by the triangular
where
distributions. having a value of zero at the neutral axis
a", =distance from thepointconsidered to the and a value at the centroid of the tension steel of
surface of the nearest longitudinal bar. llol/mm2 instantaneously. reducing to 0.55 N/mm2 in
C.. =minimum coverto the lonJitudinal bar; thelong-term. acting overthetension zonedivided by
the steel area. Forarectangular tension zone. thisgives
Em =average steel strain at the level considered.
h = overall depthof the member. and b (h-x)(a-x)
£m = £1 - 3E.A.(d-x}
x =depth of the neutral axis.
where
The average steelstrain em maybe calculated on the
basisof the following assumption: A. =
areaof tension reinforcement.
The concrete and the steel are bothconsidered to be b = width of the section at the centroid of the
fully elastic intension andincompression. The elastic tension steel.
modulus of the steelmaybetaken as 200 kN/mm2 and £1 = strain at the levelconsidered. calculated
the elasticmodulus of the concrete is as derived from ignoring the stiffening of the concrete in
the equation givenin 6.2.3.1 bothin compression and the tension zone.
, in tension.
a = distance from the campression faceto the
Theseassumptions are illustrated in Fig.28. pointat which the crack width is being
where calculated. and
h =
the overall depthof the section. d = effective depth.

'./Ee Ie

I h
~""'--ST"88 IN CONC'fETE
1 N'",,,,Z IN SHORT TERM
• A. • O'SS HI'" ",2 IN LONG TERM

SECTION CRACKED STRAIN STRESS

FIG. 28

95
IS 456: 2000
ANNEX· G
(ClGu,,38.1)

MOMENTS OF RESISTA.NCE FOR RECTANGULAR AND

T·SECTIONS

G·O The momenta of rosistance of rectanlular and exceeds the Ilmitllil value, M u. compr•••lon
T-Iectionl baled onthe .I.umptlona of38.1 areaiven " the followln,
reinforcement may be obtained from
in this annex. . equation:
G·l RECTANGULAR SECTIONS
G-l.l SectloM Without COmprelllOD whore
Relntorcement Mu • My 16m' d are lame u in G·I.l,
I

The momerrt of resistance of rectanlular section. f.,. desiln strell in compre.lion reinforce-
without compression reinforcement should be obtained ment correlpondiol to a strain of
as follows:
a) Detennine the depth of netutral axia from the ·0.0035 (xu,mu -d'}
followin, equation : .xu• mu
3 • 0.87 Ix Asc where
d 0.36 kkb.d Xu. JIIIII • the limitinl value of Xu from 38.1.
b) If the value of xuld is less than the limiting AI&: = areaofcomp'e8Sioo reinfcrcement, and
value (see Note below 38.1), calculate the d' depth of compression reinforcement
==
moment of resistance by the following from compression face.
expression :
The total area of tension reinforcement shall be
obtained from the following equation :
Mu =0.87 f y ~l dll( -bdfek
Astir)
A.=A. 1 +A1t2
where
c) If the value of xuld is equal to the limiting A•l :: area of the total tensile reinforcement•
value. the moment of resistance of the section
is given by the following expression: AM 1 = area of the tensile reinforcement for a
singly reinforced section for Mg. Um'
Mu tUm ~
=0.36 -xu.dmax- ( 1 -0.42 -xu,dmax- )bd Jek2 and
AIt... = Alie f.Ie.: I 0.871.'I "
d) If XuI d is greater than the limiting value. the
G-Z FLANGED SECTION
section should be redesigned.
In the above equations. G-2.1 For xu< Dr' the moment of resistance may be
calculated from the equation givenin G-l.1 •
.xu =
depth of neutral axis.
G·2.2 The limiting value of the moment of resistance
d =
effectivedepth,
of the section may be obtained by the following
.t.y =
characteristic strength of reinforce.. equation whenthe ratio Dr I d does not exceed0.2 :
ment,
Alit = area of tension reinforcement. =0· 36~(1-0
Mu d ·42 Xu ,max I' b d
d ) Jek
2
t: = characteristic compressive strength
w

of concrete.
b - width of the compression face. +0.4Sfek (b f -bw)Df ( d-pt)
Mu.lin, -- limiting moment of resistance of
a section without compression . where
reinforcement, and Mu. andt.c are same as in G-l.1.
oXu.mtAI• d

xu. ;iI"~ = Iimitingvalueof Xu from 39.1. bI= breadth of the compression face/flange,
G-l.2 Section with Compression Reinforcement bw =breadthof the web, and
Where me ultimate moment of resistance of section D, = thickness of the flange.

96