Водич за образовање без дискриминације

Протокол о превенцији и поступању

у случајевима дискриминације

Издавач:
Хелсиншки одбор за људска права у Србији
www.helsinki.org.rs
ȼɨɞɢɱ ɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɛɟɡ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ

ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɨ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɭ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ

ɂɡɞɚɜɚɱ:

ɏɟɥɫɢɧɲɤɚ ɮɨɧɞɚɰɢʁɚ ɡɚ ʂɭɞɫɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɭ ɋɪɛɢʁɢ

www.helsinki.org.rs

***

Ⱥɭɬɨɪɢ:

ȼɟɫɧɚ Ⱦɚɫɭɤɢɞɢɫ

Ⱥɧɝɟɥɢɧɚ ɋɤɚɪɟɩ

Ɇɢɥɟɧɚ ȳɟɪɨɬɢʁɟɜɢʄ

ȳɟɥɟɧɚ Ɇɢɪɤɨɜ ɋɭɛɢʄ

Ɉɜɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢʁɚ ʁɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɥɚ ɡɚɯɜɚʂɭʁɭʄɢ ɩɨɞɪɲɰɢ Ɏɨɧɞɚɰɢʁɟ ɡɚ ɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ

ɞɪɭɲɬɜɨ, ɋɪɛɢʁɚ
 ɋɚɞɪɠɚʁ

ɍɜɨɞ ......................................................................................................................................... 1

Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ .......................................................................................... 5

ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɨ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɭ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ .............................. 17

Ɂɧɚɱɟʃɟ ɩɨʁɦɨɜɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ ................................................... 20

ɉɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ .............................................. 24

ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɪɟɚɝɨɜɚʃɚ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ........................................................ 27

ȼɨɞɢɱ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɟ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɟ ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɤɟ ɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɚ

ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ........................................................................................... 30

Ɂɚɤʂɭɱɰɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɪɭɤɟ ....................................................................................................... 33

Ʌɢɫɬɚ ɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɚʄɟʃɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɚʃɚ

ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ................................................................................... 35
 ɍȼɈȾ
ɉɪɟɞ ȼɚɦɚ ɫɟ ɧɚɥɚɡɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢʁɚ ɤɨʁɚ ʁɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɥɚ ɤɚɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬ ɜɢɲɟɝɨɞɢɲʃɟɝ ɪɚɞɚ ɢ
ɢɫɬɪɚɠɢɜɚʃɚ ɏɟɥɫɢɧɲɤɨɝ ɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɡɚ ʂɭɞɫɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ.
ɉɪɨʁɟɤɚɬ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɢɜɨɦ „ɉɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɢ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ
ɢ ɩɪɚɤɫɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ“ ɢɦɚɨ ʁɟ ɡɚ ɰɢʂ ɞɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɭʁɟ ɨɛɥɢɤɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɪɟɚɝɨɜɚʃɚ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɩɨʁɚɜɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ. ȳɟɞɚɧ
ɨɞ ɰɢʂɟɜɚ ɩɪɨʁɟɤɬɚ ʁɟɫɬɟ ɢ ɩɪɭɠɚʃɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɨʁ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢʁɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢɦ
ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ ɭɬɜɪɻɢɜɚʃɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɧɢɜɨɭ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɚɥɢ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɦɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɨɜɚʃɚ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɩɨʁɚɜɟ ɧɟɤɨɝ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ.

ɍ ɬɨɤɭ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɟ ɩɪɨʁɟɤɬɚ, ɬɢɦ ɏɟɥɫɢɧɲɤɨɝ ɨɞɛɨɪɚ ʁɟ ɨɛɢɲɚɨ ɩɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɚ
ɭ ɋɪɛɢʁɢ ɢ ɬɨ: "ɏɟɪɨʁ ɂɜɚɧ Ɇɭɤɟɪ" ɢ „Ɉɥɝɚ Ɇɢɥɨɲɟɜɢʄ“ ɢɡ ɋɦɟɞɟɪɟɜɫɤɟ ɉɚɥɚɧɤɟ; „ȳɨɜɚɧ
ȳɨɜɚɧɨɜɢʄ Ɂɦɚʁ“ ɢ „Ⱦɪ ȳɨɜɚɧ ɐɜɢʁɢʄ“ ɢɡ ɋɦɟɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɢ „ȳɨɜɚɧ ɐɜɢʁɢʄ“ ɢɡ Ʉɨɫɬɨɥɰɚ. Ɉɞɚɛɪɚɥɢ
ɫɦɨ ɞɚ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɦɨ ɨɜɟ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɨ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɨɝɚ ɲɬɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɢ ɛɪɨʁ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɩɨɯɚɻɚ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɟ
ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫɩɚɞɚ ɭ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢʁɭ „ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ“, ɚ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɚɦɚ ɪɚɞɟ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɢ, ɬɟ ɫɭ
ɧɚɦ ɨɜɟ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɛɢɥɟ ɞɨɛɚɪ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟʂ ɧɢɜɨɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ.

Ɍɨɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɟɬɚ, ɬɢɦ ɨɞɛɨɪɚ ʁɟ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɚɨ ɫɚ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɦɚ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ

ɩɪɟɩɨɡɧɚɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɨɜɚʃɚ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɩɨʁɚɜɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɟʄɢ ɫɟ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɦ
ɭɩɢɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɢɜɨɦ „Ʌɢɫɬɚ ɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɚʄɟʃɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ɢ
ɧɟɝɨɜɚʃɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ“. Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɢɦɚ ɫɭ ɩɪɢɫɭɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɚɤɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɢ
ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɬɚɤɨ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɡɢ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɡɢ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɢ.

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɭɩɢɬɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɭ ɞɨɛɢʁɟɧɢ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ

ɪɟɲɚɜɚʃɚ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɨɜɚʃɚ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɭɨɱɟɧɨ ʁɟ
ɞɚ ɢɚɤɨ ʁɨɲ ɭɜɟɤ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟ ʁɚɫɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɭɪɟɻɭʁɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɰɢ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɢ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ,
ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ ɢ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɪɟɲɚɜɚʃɟ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟ ɧɟɤɢ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɢ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɤɨʁɭ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɩɪɭɠɚʁɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ.

ɒɤɨɥɟ ɨɦɨɝɭʄɚɜɚʁɭ ɭɩɢɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɦɚʃɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɚ (Ɋɨɦɚ) ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɯ ɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ

ɲɤɨɥɭ ɫɚ ɧɟɩɨɬɩɭɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɨɦ. ɉɨɦɚɠɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɤɭɩʂɚʃɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɫɚɪɚɻɭʁɭ ɫɚ
ɪɚɡɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢʁɚɦɚ (ɐɋɊ, ɉɪɚxɢɫ ɢ ɍɇɏɐɊ). Ɂɚ ɧɟɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɢɫɭ ɢɦɚɥɢ ɧɢ
ȳɆȻȽ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɢɥɢ ɫɭ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɭ ɤʃɢɠɢɰɭ ɩɨ ɞɚɬɭɦɭ ɪɨɻɟʃɚ.

ɇɢ ʁɟɞɧɚ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɧɟ ɜɪɲɢ ɩɪɢɬɢɫɚɤ ɫɚ ɰɢʂɟɦ ɢɡʁɚɲʃɚɜɚʃɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɨɫɬɢ

ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨʁ ɦɚʃɢɧɟ, ɚɥɢ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɩɪɟɬɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɟ, ɞɚɤɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɰɢɡɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɟ ɨ ɛɪɨʁɭ ɞɟɰɟ
ɪɨɦɫɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ (ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɚʃɚ, ɢɡɝɥɟɞɚ). Ɂɚ ɫɢɪɨɦɚɲɧɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɫɟ
ɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɯɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɟ ɚɤɰɢʁɟ (ɩɪɢɤɭɩʂɚʃɟ ɨɞɟʄɟ ɢ ɨɛɭʄɟ, ɲɤɨɥɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ....), ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɟ
ɭɠɢɧɟ (ɬɭ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟ ɢ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ: ɧɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɭɢɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ, ɱɟɫɬɨ ɫɟ
ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɨʁ ɞɟɰɢ ɩɪɟɪɚɫɩɨɞɟʂɭʁɟ ɨɧɨ ɲɬɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɟ ɧɚɤɨɧ ʁɟɞɧɟ ɩɨɞɟɥɟ ɭɠɢɧɚ ɲɬɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɛɭɞɟ
ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɡɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ).

ɍ ʁɟɞɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭ ɡɚ ɥɢɱɧɢɦ ɩɪɚɬɢɨɰɢɦɚ ɞɟɰɟ, ɡɛɨɝ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɚʃɟɦ

ɢ ɚɧɝɚɠɨɜɚʃɟɦ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɚ – ɲɤɨɥɚ ɫɟ ɫɧɚɥɚɡɟ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɜɚ ɫɚɦɚ ɫɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɢɦɚ ɧɚ ɧɢɜɨɭ
ɲɤɨɥɟ /ʁɟɞɧɚ ɦɚʁɤɚ ʁɟ ɩɪɚɬɢɥɚɰ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɭ ɩɪɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɞɭ, ɞɟɬɟ ɢɦɚ ɂɈɉ ɫɚ ɢɡɦɟʃɟɧɢɦ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɢɦɚ.

1
 ɉɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ʁɟ ɚɧɝɚɠɨɜɚɧ ʁɟɞɧɨʁ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɭɠɚ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɭ ɪɨɦɫɤɨʁ
ɞɟɰɢ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɢɦɚ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɟ ɢ ɜɚɧɧɚɫɬɜɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚɧɝɚɠɭʁɟ ɫɟ
ɭ ɧɟɤɢɦ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɢ ɡɚ ɞɟɰɭ ɤɨʁɚ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɬɟɲɤɨʄɟ ɭ ɭɱɟʃɭ ɤɚɨ ɱɥɚɧ ɬɢɦɚ.

ɒɤɨɥɚ ɫɚɪɚɻɭʁɟ ɫɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɚɦɚ ɢ ɬɨ:

9 ɐɟɧɬɪɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɢ ɪɚɞ - ɦɚɬɟɪɢʁɚɥɧɚ ɞɚɜɚʃɚ, ɡɚɧɟɦɚɪɢɜɚʃɟ, ɛɨɪɛɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ
ɧɚɫɢʂɚ,
9 Ⱦɨɦɨɜɢɦɚ ɡɞɪɚɜʂɚ - ɪɟɞɨɜɧɨ ɜɚɤɰɢɧɢɫɚʃɟ ɫɜɟ ɞɟɰɟ, ɩɪɟɞɚɜɚʃɚ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɯɢɝɢʁɟɧɟ, ɛɨɥɟɫɬɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɨɞ ɡɚɪɚɡɧɢɯ ɛɨɥɟɫɬɢ
9 Ʌɨɤɚɥɧɟ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɟ-ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢʁɤɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɭɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ,
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ ɡɚ ɪɚɞ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɪɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɢɫɢʁɚ, ɤɨʁɟ ɪɟɞɨɜɨɜɧɨ ɪɚɞɟ
9 Ɇɍɉ- ɲɤɨɥɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɢɰɚʁɚɰ, ɡɚɲɬɢɬɚ ɨɞ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ, ɩɪɟɞɲɤɨɥɫɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ.

ɋɚɪɚɞʃɚ ɫɚ ɨɜɢɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ ʁɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɧɚ ɧɢɜɨɭ ɪɚɡɦɟɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɚɤɚ, ɚ ɩɥɚɧ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ

ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢʁɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɟ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɰɢʁɟ.

Ʉɚɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɫɥɭɱɚʁ ɧɟɩɨɡɧɚɜɚʃɟ ʁɟɡɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɟ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɨɞɢ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɞɟɰɢ ɫɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭʁɟ ɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɟ ɤɨɪɟɤɬɢɜɧɟ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɧɫɤɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɟ, ɩɨɫɟɛɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟʃɚ
ʁɟɡɢɤɚ ɫɟ ɧɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭʁɭ.

ɍ ɧɟɤɢɦ ɲɤɨɥɚɦɚ ɫɟ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɱɤɢ ɞɨɧɨɫɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ, ɭɱɟɫɬɜɭʁɭ ɭɱɢɬɟʂɢ,

ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɻɚɱɤɨɝ ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɚ (ɭ ɻɚɱɤɨɦ ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɭ ɢɦɚ ɢ
ɪɨɦɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ), ɭɫɜɚʁɚʁɭ ɢɯ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɱɤɨ ɜɟʄɟ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɢ ɨɞɛɨɪ, ɫɚɜɟɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ ɫɟ ɧɟ
ɩɨɦɢʃɟ. ɍɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɫɭ ɭɩɨɡɧɚɬɢ ɫɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɦɚ ɞɟɰɟ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɨɜɢɦɚ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɫɤɟ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɟ,
ɝɪɚɻɚɧɫɤɨɝ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ, ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ Ⱦɟɱʁɟ ɧɟɞɟʂɟ, ɧɚ ɱɚɫɨɜɢɦɚ ɫɪɩɫɤɨɝ ʁɟɡɢɤɚ (ɪɚɞɢɨɧɢɰɟ ɢ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɢ).

ɍ ʁɟɞɧɨʁ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɦɨɜɢɫɟ ɢ ɧɟɝɭʁɟ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚ ɦɚʃɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɚ. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɚ ɫɟ ɭ

ɝɨɞɢɲʃɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɪɚɞɚ ɲɤɨɥɟ (ɇɟɞɟʂɚ ɪɨɦɫɤɟ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨʁɟɤɬɭ ɂɧɤɥɭɡɢʁɚ Ɋɨɦɚ, ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ
Ⱦɟɱʁɟ ɧɟɞɟʂɟ....). Ɉɩɟɬ ɭ ʁɟɞɧɨʁ ɞɪɭɝɨʁ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɧɢʁɟ ɜɢɞʂɢɜɨ ɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɦɚ, ɚɥɢ ɧɚ
ɢɧɫɢɫɬɢɪɚʃɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɧɟ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢ ɪɨɦɫɤɟ ɞɟɰɟ ɭɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɭ ɭ Ⱦɚɧɭ ɲɤɨɥɟ.

ɒɤɨɥɟ ɧɟɦɚʁɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɜɚɤɢ
ɡɧɚɤ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ (ɤɚɤɨ ɝɚ ɨɧɢ ɫɯɜɚɬɚʁɭ) ɪɟɚɝɭʁɭ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɡɚ ɞɟɰɭ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ
ɡɜɚɧɢɱɧɢ ʁɟɡɢɤ ɧɢʁɟ ɦɚɬɟɪʃɢ ɫɜɨɞɢ ɫɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɨɜɢɦɚ ɢ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɨ ɨɛʁɚɲʃɚɜɚ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɟ
ɞɨɩɭɧɫɤɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɟ. ɇɚ ɞɨɩɭɧɫɤɭ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɢɞɭ ɫɜɢ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ʁɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ. ɒɤɨɥɚ ɫɦɚɬɪɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ
ɬɪɭɞɢ ɞɚ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɞɟɰɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɛɭɞɭ ɭɤʂɭɱɟɧɚ ɭ ɜɪɲʃɚɱɤɭ ɝɪɭɩɭ ɢ ɬɭ
ɢɫɬɢɱɭ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɢɜɚʃɟ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɭ ɟɤɫɤɭɪɡɢʁɭ ɢ ɡɚ ɫɢɪɨɦɚɲɧɭ ɞɟɰɭ ɢ ɡɚ Ɋɨɦɟ. ɇɟɦɚʁɭ
ɟɜɢɞɟɧɰɢʁɭ ɤɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɭɤʂɭɱɟɧɨ ɭ ɜɚɧɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɤʂɭɱɟɧɢ ɫɭ ɭ ɫɜɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɤɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɭɡɢɱɤɟ ɫɟɤɰɢʁɟ (ʁɟɪ ɫɭ Ɋɨɦɢ ɧɚɞɚɪɟɧɢ ɡɚ ɦɭɡɢɤɭ!)
ɢ ɭ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɢɰɟ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɨ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɧɟɞɟʂɧɨ ɦɟʃɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɫɟɞɟʃɚ ɭ ɭɱɢɨɧɢɰɢ ɬɚɤɨ
ɞɚ ɫɜɚɤɨ ɫɟɞɢ ɫɚ ɫɜɚɤɢɦ. ɋɜɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɧɨɫɟ ɭɧɢɮɨɪɦɟ ɤɚɤɨ ɛɢ ɫɟ ɟɥɢɦɢɧɢɫɚɥɟ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɟ ɢ ɫɜɟ
ɨɫɬɚɥɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɟ.

ɒɤɨɥɚ ʁɟɞɧɨʁ ɞɟɜɨʁɱɢɰɢ ɤɨʁɚ ɡɛɨɝ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɢɞɟ ɪɟɞɨɜɧɨ ɭ
ɲɤɨɥɭ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɚɜɚ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɪɚɞɚ ɢ ɩɥɚɧ ɪɚɞɚ, ɢɚɤɨ ɧɟɦɚʁɭ ɧɢɤɚɤɜɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɧɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɭ.
ɇɟ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɡɚ ɬɚɤɜɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɟ ʁɟɪ ɧɟɦɚʁɭ ɜɟɪɢɮɢɤɨɜɚɧ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɤɭʄɧɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɟ ɡɚ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɧɚ ɞɭɠɟɦ ɛɨɥɧɢɱɤɨɦ ɥɟɱɟʃɭ.

ɍɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɫɭ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɭ ɨɞɟʂɟɧɫɤɟ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɟ ɭɩɨɡɧɚɬɢ ɫɚ ɩɨʁɦɨɦ, ɨɛɥɢɰɢɦɚ ɢ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɨɦ

ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ. Ɉɛɟɥɟɠɚɜɚʁɭ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢ ɞɚɧ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ, ɨɞɪɠɚɜɚʁɭ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɩɨɧɨɲɚʃɚ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɢ ɫɥ. ɇɚʁɱɟɲʄɟ ɫɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɜɨɭ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɚ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɚɦɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ

2
ʁɚɜʂɚʁɭʁɭ ɦɟɻɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ, ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɢɦɚ, ɫɜɟɫɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɜɟɫɧɨ, ɢ ɤɨʁɟ ɦɨɝɭ ɛɢɬɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜ ɡɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ ɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɬɢɰɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɨʁ ɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɚʃɚ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɨɫɬɢ.

Ʉɚɞɚ ɫɟ ɦɟɻɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɬɟ ɦɟɻɭɫɨɛɧɚ ɡɚɞɢɪɤɢɜɚʃɚ, ɩɨɞɫɦɟɜɚʃɚ ɢɥɢ

ɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɚʃɚ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɧɟɤɢɯ ɥɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɜɨʁɫɬɚɜɚ, ɪɚɡɪɟɞɧɢ ɫɬɚɪɟɲɢɧɚ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟʂɢ ɪɟɚɝɭʁɭ
ɧɚʁɱɟɲʄɟ ɩɨ ɫɨɩɫɬɜɟɧɨʁ ɢɧɢɰɢʁɚɬɢɜɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢʁɢ, ɡɚɭɡɢɦɚʁɭʄɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɚɧ ɫɬɚɜ ɨ
ɧɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬʂɢɜɢɦ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɢɦɚ. ɍ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɭ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɭɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɫɟ ɪɟɚɝɭʁɟ ɭ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɚɱɧɢɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ, ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ ɩɨɦɢɪɟʃɚ ɢ ɧɚɥɚɠɟʃɚ ɪɟɲɟʃɚ ɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɢɦɚ ɢɡɦɟɻɭ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. ɍ ɰɟɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ ɫɟ ɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɭ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɢ ɚɥɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɧɚ ɧɢɜɨɭ ɬɢɯ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɚɱɧɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɢ ɭɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɤɚɠʃɚɜɚʁɭ ɫɜɨʁɭ ɞɟɰɭ ɭɫɤɪɚʄɢɜɚʃɟɦ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɬɧɨ
ʁɟ, ɦɟɻɭɬɢɦ, ɞɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚʁɭ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨʁɟ ɛɢ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɬɪɟɛɚɥɟ ɞɚ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɭ ɰɢʂɭ
ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɚ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɚʃɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢ ɪɨɦɫɤɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ ɫɭ ɭ ɋɚɜɟɬɭ
ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ ʁɟɞɧɟ ɲɤɨɥɟ.

ɒɤɨɥɟ ɧɟ ɜɨɞɟ ɟɜɢɞɟɧɰɢʁɭ ɧɢɬɢ ɜɪɲɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɭ ɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɫɭ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɰɢ

ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɛɢɥɢ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɢɰɢ ɚ ɭ ɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɠɪɬɜɟ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ, ɞɨɤ ɫɟ ɜɨɞɢ
ɟɜɢɞɟɧɰɢʁɭ ɨ ɧɚɫɢʂɭ ɢ ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɭ. ɇɚ ɧɢɜɨɭ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɚɧɢ ɫɭ ɬɢɦɨɜɢ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɞɟɰɟ
ɨɞ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɪɟɚɝɭʁɭ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ ɢ ɨ ɬɨɦɟ ɫɟ ɜɨɞɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɧɢɰɢ, ɦɟɻɭɬɢɦ ɧɢ ɭ
ʁɟɞɧɨʁ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɬɢɦ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ. ȼɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɰɢ ɫɟ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɡɚ ɨɧɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɭ ɜɪɲɢɥɢ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɨ ɧɚɫɢʂɟ, ɚ ɭ ɬɢɦ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ
ɧɚʁɱɟɲʄɟ ɫɟ ɩɪɢɦɟʃɭʁɟ ɩɨʁɚɱɚɧ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢ ɪɚɞ. Ɉɫɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɭɡɧɟɦɢɪɚɜɚʃɚ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ
ɩɪɢʁɚɜʂɟɧɨ ɭ ɧɟɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ, ɫɤɨɪɨ ɞɚ ɧɢʁɟ ɛɢɥɨ ɡɜɚɧɢɱɧɟ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɟ ɡɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨ
ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ, ɬɚɤɨ ɞɚ ɧɢʁɟ ɛɢɥɨ ɧɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤɚ, ɧɢ ɩɪɟɦɚ
ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɚ ɧɢ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɦɚ.

ɇɟɤɟ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɤɚɨ ɜɢɞ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɩɪɚɤɫɟ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɤɭɬɢʁɟ ɡɚ ɚɧɨɧɢɦɧɨ ɩɪɢʁɚɜʂɢɜɚʃɟ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ. ɍ ɬɢɦ ɲɤɨɥɚɦɚ ʁɟ ɛɢɥɨ ɩɪɢɬɭɠɛɢ ɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɥɢɱɧɨ
ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ. ɉɪɢɬɭɠɛɟ ɫɭ ɫɟ ɭɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɨɞɧɨɫɢɥɟ ɧɚ
ɤɨɪɢɲʄɟʃɟ ɩɨɝɪɞɧɢɯ ɢɦɟɧɚ, ɧɚɞɢɦɚɤɚ, ɤɨɪɢɲʄɟʃɟ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɜɪɟɻɚʃɟ, ɢɫɦɟɜɚʃɟ ɡɛɨɝ
ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ, ɩɨɞɫɦɟɜɚʃɟ ɡɛɨɝ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɨɝ ɢɡɝɥɟɞɚ, ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɨɝ ɩɨɪɟɤɥɚ,
ɪɨɞɚ, ɩɨɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɟ ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɟ.

ɍ ɧɟɤɢɦ ɲɤɨɥɚɦɚ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟ ɫɩɟɰɢʁɚɥɧɚ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ, ɚɥɢ ɧɢ ɭ ʁɟɞɧɨʁ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɩɥɚɧ ɡɚ

ɩɨɫɟɛɧɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɭ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ (ɧɚɪɨɱɢɬɨ ɡɚ ɪɨɦɫɤɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɭ
ɰɢʂɭ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɲɤɨɥɨɜɚʃɚ ɭ ɪɟɞɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ). ɍ ʁɟɞɧɨʁ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɫɟ ɪɨɦɫɤɚ ɞɟɰɚ ɢ ɞɚʂɟ
ɭɩɢɫɭʁɭ ɭ ɫɩɟɰɢʁɚɥɧɚ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɪɚʄɟʃɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɢɯ ɥɨɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ ɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ. ɂɦɚʁɭʄɢ ɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɚ ʁɟ ɭ ʁɟɞɧɨʁ ɲɤɨɥɢ, ɨɞ ɭɤɭɩɧɨɝ ɛɪɨʁɚ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ ɫɩɟɰɢʁɚɥɧɨɦ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɭ 80% ɪɨɦɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɦɨɠɟɦɨ ɪɟʄɢ ɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢ ɡɚ
ɥɟɝɚɥɧɭ ɫɟɝɪɟɝɚɰɢʁɭ. Ɉɫɬɚʁɟ ɢ ɞɚʂɟ ɩɢɬɚʃɟ ɩɢɬɚʃɟ ɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɭɩɢɫ ɭ ɫɩɟɰɢʁɚɥɧɚ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢ ɢ ɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɚɜɟɲɬɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɦɚ ɜɟɡɚɧɢɦ ɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ.

ɍɨɱɟɧɨ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɭ ɧɟɤɢɦ ɲɤɨɥɚɦɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟ ɭʇɛɟɧɢɰɢ ɢ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ

ɤɨʁɢ ɫɭ ɫɥɚɛɨɜɢɞɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɩɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɻɟ ʁɟ ɭɨɱɟɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɡɧɚʁɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɡɚ ɞɚɜɚʃɟɦ
ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɪɩɫɤɢ ʁɟɡɢɤ ɧɢʁɟ ɦɚɬɟɪʃɢ ʁɟɡɢɤ, ɢɚɤɨ ɝɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɪɚɡɭɦɟʁɭ.
ɇɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢ ɢɫɬɢɱɭ ɞɚ ʁɟ ɨɩɲɬɢ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɞɟɰɟ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɫɥɚɛɢʁɢ ɨɞ ɨɩɲɬɟɝ
ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɨɫɬɚɥɟ ɞɟɰɟ, ɢ ɧɚʁɱɟɲʄɟ ʁɟ ɬɨ ɞɨɛɚɪ ɭɫɩɟɯ.

3
 ɋɬɚɥɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɢ ɩɪɚʄɟʃɟ ɧɚɩɪɟɞɨɜɚʃɚ, ɧɚɪɨɱɢɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ
ɨɰɟʃɢɜɚʃɟ ɧɢʁɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɫɤɢ ɡɚɫɬɭɩʂɟɧɨ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢ ɨɞ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɰɚ ɂ ʃɟɝɨɜɟ
ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɲɬɨ ʁɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɡɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ ɤɨʁɚ ɨɫɬɚʁɟ
ɧɟɩɪɢɦɟʄɟɧɚ.

ɍ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ ɪɚɞɚ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫɟ ɪɟɬɤɨ ɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɭ ɬɟɦɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɧɟɝɭʁɭ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɯ
ɦɚʃɢɧɚ ɧɢɬɢ ɢɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɻɟɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨʁɟ ɛɢ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚɥɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɧɟ
ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ, ɧɢɬɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɭ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥ ɫɟ ɪɚɞɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ
ɤɨʁɢ ɫɟ ɲɤɨɥɭʁɭ ɩɨ ɂɈɉ-ɭ ɫɚ ɢɡɦɟʃɟɧɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɨɦ. Ɍɨ ɡɧɚɱɢ ɞɚ ɢ ɚɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɩɪɟ
ɂɈɉ-2, ɨɧɚ ʁɟ ɫɩɨɪɚɞɢɱɧɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɟɜɢɞɟɧɬɢɪɚɧɚ. ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɩɥɚɧ (ɂɈɉ3) ɡɚ
ɞɚɪɨɜɢɬɭ ɞɟɰɭ ɫɟ ɧɟ ɢɡɪɚɻɭʁɟ, ɚ ɞɚɪɨɜɢɬɚ ɞɟɰɚ ɫɟ ɭ ɝɨɬɨɜɨ ɫɜɢɦ ɲɤɨɥɚɦɚ ɩɨɢɫɬɨɜɟʄɭʁɭ ɞɚ
ɞɟɰɨɦ ɤɨʁɚ ɫɭ ɛɢɥɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɦ ɨɞ ɪɟɩɭɛɥɢɱɤɢɯ ɬɚɤɦɢɱɟʃɚ.

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɜɢɯ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɚ ɞɨɛɢʁɟɧɢɯ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɚʃɚ ɭ ɨɜɢɯ

ɩɟɬ ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɭɪɚɻɟɧɚ ʁɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɬɚʃɚ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɚɦɚ, ɩɪɟɝɥɟɞ ɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚ,
ɢ ɭɪɚɻɟɧ ʁɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɝ ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ ɨ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɭ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.
Ɂɚɯɜɚʂɭʁɭʄɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɩɪɭ ɫɚ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɦɚ ɭɬɜɪɻɟɧɚ ʁɟ ɢ „Ʌɢɫɬɚ ɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɚʄɟʃɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ
ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɚʃɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ“ ɤɚɨ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɚ
ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢɦ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɢɦɚ, ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢɦ ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɚɥɢ ɢ ɲɤɨɤɚɦɚ ɩɪɢɥɢɤɨɦ
ɩɪɚʄɟʃɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɜɢɨɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ. ɋɜɪɯɚ ɤɨɪɢɲʄɟʃɚ
ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɩɢɬɚʃɚ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɞɨɩɪɢɧɟɫɭ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚʃɭ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ
ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɤɚɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɞɚ ɭɤɚɠɭ ɧɚ ɦɨɝɭʄɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɪɟɲɚɜɚʃɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

4
 Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ

ɍɫɬɚɜ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɋɪɛɢʁɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɭʁɟ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɫɜɚɤɨɝ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɨɝ

ɥɢɰɚ, ɬɟ ɭɬɜɪɻɭʁɟ ɞɚ ɫɭ ɩɪɟɞ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɫɜɢ ʁɟɞɧɚɤɢ. Ⱦɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɡɚɰɢʁɚ ɧɚɲɟɝ
ɞɪɭɲɬɜɚ ɨɝɥɟɞɚ ɫɟ ɢ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɜɧɨʁ ɪɟɝɭɥɚɬɢɜɢ ʂɭɞɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɚʃɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ (ɱɥ. 1. ɢ 21),
ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡɚɡɢɜɚʃɚ ɪɚɫɧɟ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɟ ɢ ɜɟɪɫɤɟ ɦɪɠʃɟ (ɱɥ. 22. ɢ 49), ɤɚɨ ɢ ɭɪɟɻɟɧɨɫɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ
ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɯ ɦɚʃɢɧɚ ɨɞɪɟɞɛɚɦɚ ɧɚʁɜɢɲɟɝ ɩɪɚɜɧɨɝ ɚɤɬɚ ʁɟɞɧɟ ɞɪɠɚɜɟ (ɱɥ. 75.
ɢ 76). Ɉɞɪɟɞɛɟ ɱɥɚɧɚ 71. ɍɫɬɚɜɚ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɋɪɛɢʁɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɭʁɭ ʁɟɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ1.
ɉɪɟɦɚ ɱɥɚɧɭ 71. ɭɫɬɚɜɚ ɢɡ 2006. ɝɨɞɢɧɟ, ɫɜɚɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ. ɉɪɟɦɚ
ɭɫɬɚɜɧɢɦ ɨɞɪɟɞɛɚɦɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ʁɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɜɭ ɞɟɰɭ. Ⱦɪɠɚɜɚ ɫɧɨɫɢ ɬɪɨɲɤɨɜɟ
ɩɪɢɩɪɟɦɧɨɝ ɩɪɟɞɲɤɨɥɫɤɨɝ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ ɭ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ɩɪɟɞ ɩɨɥɚɡɚɤ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɬɪɨɲɤɨɜɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝ ɢ ɫɪɟɞʃɟɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ.

Ɉɫɢɦ ɨɜɟ ɧɚɱɟɥɧɟ ɩɪɚɜɧɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ, ɬɟɤɫɬ ɭɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɚɞɪɠɢ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɧɫɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɨʁɚ
ɫɟ ɜɟɡɭʁɭ ɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɯ ɦɚʃɢɧɚ. Ɍɚɤɨ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɱɥɚɧɭ 75.
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɟ ɦɚʃɢɧɟ ɭɠɢɜɚʁɭ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɢɡɦɟɻɭ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɝ ɢ ɭ ɨɞɥɭɱɢɜɚʃɭ
ɨ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɢɦ ɩɢɬɚʃɢɦɚ ɜɟɡɚɧɢɦ ɡɚ ɫɜɨʁɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ. ɍɫɬɚɜ ɢɫɬɢɱɟ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɭ ɭɥɨɝɭ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɯ ɫɚɜɟɬɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɯ ɦɚʃɢɧɚ ɭ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɭ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɭ ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ.

Ɇɟɻɭ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɱɢʁɢ ʁɟ ɰɢʂ ɨɱɭɜɚʃɟ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɥɚɧ 79. ɍɫɬɚɜɚ ɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ
ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɟ ɦɚʃɢɧɟ ɧɚ ɲɤɨɥɨɜɚʃɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɦ ʁɟɡɢɤɭ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɢɜɚʃɟ
ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ. ɉɪɟɦɚ ɱɥɚɧɭ 80, ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɰɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɯ ɦɚʃɢɧɚ ɦɨɝɭ
ɞɚ ɨɫɧɢɜɚʁɭ ɫɜɨʁɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɚ ɭɞɪɭɠɟʃɚ.

ɇɚʁɡɚɞ, ɩɪɟɦɚ ɱɥɚɧɭ 81. ɍɫɬɚɜɚ, ɞɪɠɚɜɚ ʁɟ ɞɭɠɧɚ ɞɚ ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɱɟ
ɞɭɯ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɦɟɻɭɤɭɥɬɭɪɧɨɝ ɞɢʁɚɥɨɝɚ ɨɧɢɯ ɤɨʁɢ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɚʁɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɢɦ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɦ
ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɚɦɚ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɢɦɚ ɟɮɢɤɚɫɧɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚ ɭɧɚɩɪɟɻɟʃɟ ɭɡɚʁɚɦɧɨɝ ɩɨɲɬɨɜɚʃɚ,
ɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɫɚɪɚɞʃɟ ɦɟɻɭ ɫɜɢɦɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɠɢɜɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɢʁɢ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɋɪɛɢʁɟ, ɛɟɡ ɨɛɡɢɪɚ
ɧɚ ʃɢɯɨɜ ɟɬɧɢɱɤɢ, ɤɭɥɬɭɪɧɢ, ʁɟɡɢɱɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɫɤɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɬɟɬ.

ɉɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɭ ɋɪɛɢʁɢ ɫɩɚɞɚ ɭ ɪɟɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ, ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɯ

ʂɭɞɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ. ɐɢʂ ɭɫɬɚɜɧɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ ʁɟɫɬɟ, ɫɚ ʁɟɞɧɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɞɚ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ
ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɢ ɧɚʁɜɢɲɢ ɦɨɝɭʄɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɩɪɚɜɧɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ, ɚ ɫɚ ɞɪɭɝɟ, ɞɚ ɨɛɚɜɟɠɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɰɚ ɞɚ
ɞɨɧɟɫɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɟ ɪɚɞɢ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɢɜɚʃɚ ɟɮɢɤɚɫɧɨɝ ɜɪɲɟʃɚ ɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ
ɨɜɨɝ ɩɪɚɜɚ.

ɍ ʁɭɧɭ 2013 ɝɨɞɢɧɟ, ɋɪɛɢʁɚ ʁɟ ɭɫɜɨʁɢɥɚ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢʁɭ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɨɞ

ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɤɨʁɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜʂɚ „ɭɫɚɝɥɚɲɟɧ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɟɪɚ, ɭɫɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɚɬɚ ʁɚɜɧɟ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɤɨʁɟ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɪɛɢʁɚ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɞɚ ɫɩɪɨɜɟɞɟ ɪɚɞɢ ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɦɚʃɟʃɚ
ɫɜɢɯ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɦ ɥɢɰɢɦɚ

1
ɉɪɟɭɡɟɬɨ ɢɡ „ɉɪɢɪɭɱɧɢɤ ɡɚ ɩɪɭɠɚʃɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ ɭ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ–ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ“.

5
ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɝɪɭɩɚɦɚ ɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɨɛɡɢɪɨɦ ɧɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɨ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɫɜɨʁɫɬɜɨ - ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɟ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɟ ɝɪɭɩɟ.2
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢʁɚ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɞ 2013. ɞɨ 2018. ɝɨɞɢɧɟ
ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɫɟ ɧɚ ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɟ ɢ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɭ ɫɜɢɯ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ, ɜɪɫɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ. ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢʁɨɦ ɫɭ ɨɛɭɯɜɚʄɟɧɚ ɫɜɚ ɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɨɛɡɢɪɨɦ ɧɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɨ
ɥɢɱɧɨ ɫɜɨʁɫɬɜɨ, ɚ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɟ ɦɚʃɢɧɟ ɢ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɟ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɟ ɝɪɭɩɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ
ɧɚʁɱɟɲʄɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɢ.
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢʁɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɟ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɟ ɝɪɭɩɟ (Ɋɨɦɟ, ɠɟɧɟ, ɞɟɰɭ, ɨɫɨɛɟ ɫɚ
ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ, ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɟ ɅȽȻɌ ɩɨɩɭɥɚɰɢʁɟ), ɩɪɟɞɜɢɻɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɚɤɨ ɛɢ ɫɟ ɟɥɢɦɢɧɢɫɚɨ ɫɜɚɤɢ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɩɪɟɦɚ ʃɢɦɚ ɭ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɦ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɦɚ.
Ɍɚɤɨ ʁɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢʁɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɻɟɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ:
1. Ɋɨɦɢɦɚ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɟ ɫɜɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢ ɡɚ ɫɬɢɰɚʃɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ, ɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɭʄɢ ɢ
ɤɜɚɥɢɬɟɬɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɲɤɨɥɫɤɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ; ɫɦɚʃɢ ɛɪɨʁ Ɋɨɦɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɩɭɲɬɚʁɭ
ɲɤɨɥɨɜɚʃɟ (ɲɬɨ ʁɟ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɡɚ ɭɧɚɩɪɟɻɢɜɚʃɟ ʃɢɯɨɜɨɝ ɩɨɥɨɠɚʁɚ) ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɱɟ ɢ
ɨɯɪɚɛɪɭʁɟ ʃɢɯɨɜɨ ɞɚʂɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ (ɫɪɟɞʃɨɲɤɨɥɫɤɨ, ɮɚɤɭɥɬɟɬɫɤɨ). Ɂɚɬɨ ʁɟ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ ɨɛɟɡɜɟɞɢɬɢ, ɤɚɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɡɚɜɪɲɟɬɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ, ɚ ɦɥɚɞɢ
Ɋɨɦɢ ɛɢ ɬɪɟɛɚɥɢ ɞɚ ɛɭɞɭ ɨɯɪɚɛɪɟɧɢ ɞɚ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɚ ɞɚʂɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟɦ,
ɫɪɟɞʃɨɲɤɨɥɫɤɢɦ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɮɚɤɭɥɬɟɬɫɤɢɦ.
2. ɍɤʂɭɱɟ ɫɚɞɪɠɚʁɢ ɨ ɧɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬʂɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɢɯ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɠɟɧɚ,
ɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɭʄɢ ɪɨɞɧɟ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɟ, ɭ ɤɭɪɢɤɭɥɭɦɟ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨ ɢ ɫɪɟɞʃɟ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ, ɢ ɜɢɫɨɤɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ. Ʉɪɟɢɪɚʃɟ ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɭ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɡɚ ɞɟɜɨʁɤɟ ɢ ɞɟɜɨʁɱɢɰɟ, ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɡɚ ɜɢɲɟɫɬɪɭɤɨ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɟ
ɝɪɭɩɟ ɞɟɜɨʁɚɤɚ, ɞɟɜɨʁɤɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɧɚɩɭɲɬɚʁɭ ɪɟɞɨɜɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɡɛɨɝ ɪɚɧɟ
ɭɞɚʁɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨʄɟ. Ʉɪɟɢɪɚʃɟ ɚɮɢɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɫɦɚʃɟʃɟ ɩɨɥɧɟ
ɫɟɝɪɟɝɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɢɡɛɨɪɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚ.
3. ɉɪɚɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɟɞɚɤ ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɨɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɞɟɰɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɭ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚɬɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɢ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɫɤɟ ɩɪɚɤɫɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ, ɧɚɪɨɱɢɬɨ ɞɟɰɟ/ɨɦɥɚɞɢɧɟ ɫ ɨɛɡɢɪɨɦ ɧɚ
ʃɢɯɨɜɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɫɬɚʃɟ (ɧɩɪ. ɫɩɪɟɱɢɬɢ ɩɪɟɦɟɲɬɚʃɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɢɫɢɜɚʃɟ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ
ɫ ɨɛɡɢɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɫɬɚʃɟ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɟ, ɩɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɧɭ ɩɚɠʃɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɨɛɨɥɟɥɢɯ, ɫɩɪɟɱɢɬɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɤɨ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɨ
ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɟ ɢ ɞɪ.). Ɉɛɟɡɛɟɞɢɬɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɟ ɟɜɢɞɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɢɡɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɨɞɚɰɢ ɨ
ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɜɟɡɢ ɫɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɢɦ ɫɬɚʃɟɦ ɤɨʁɢ ɦɨɝɭ ɛɢɬɢ ɢɡɜɨɪ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.
Ɉɛɟɡɛɟɞɢɬɢ ɟɞɭɤɚɰɢʁɭ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɨ ɛɨɥɟɫɬɢɦɚ ɢ ɨ ɥɢɰɢɦɚ ɱɢʁɟ
ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɫɬɚʃɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɧɨɲɟʃɭ/ɢɡɦɟɧɢ
ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚ ɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɞɢɬɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɟ ɨɞɪɟɞɛɟ ɨ
ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɦɥɚɞɢɯ ɫ ɨɛɡɢɪɨɦ ɧɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨ
ɫɬɚʃɟ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ.
4. Ɉɛɟɡɛɟɞɢɬɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɠɢɜɚɬɢ ɛɟɡ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɟ ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɟ, ɩɪɟɬɩɨɫɬɚɜʂɟɧɟ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɟ
ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɝ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɬɟɬɚ. ɉɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɢɬɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɞɟɰɟ ɢ
ɦɥɚɞɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɭ ɛɟɡɛɟɞɧɨɦ ɚɦɛɢʁɟɧɬɭ, ɛɟɡ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ, ɦɚɥɬɪɟɬɢɪɚʃɚ,
ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɨɝ ɢɫɤʂɭɱɢɜɚʃɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɝ ɢɥɢ
ɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɚʁɭʄɟɝ ɬɪɟɬɦɚɧɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɛɢ ɛɢɥɨ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɨʁ ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɢ
ɢɥɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɬɟɬɭ. Ʉɪɨɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɢʄɢ ɫɜɟɫɬ ɦɥɚɞɢɯ ɞɚ ɫɭ ɫɜɢ
ʂɭɞɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɢ ɢ ɞɚ ɫɭ ɅȽȻɌ ɨɫɨɛɟ ɬɚɤɨɻɟ ɭɤʂɭɱɟɧɟ ɭ ɤɪɭɝ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɢɯ
ʂɭɞɢ. ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ ʁɟ ɩɪɨɦɨɜɢɫɚʃɟ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɱɤɟ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɩɨɲɬɨɜɚʃɚ ɛɟɡ
ɨɛɡɢɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɭ ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɭ, ɩɪɟɬɩɨɫɬɚɜʂɟɧɭ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɭ ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɭ ɢɥɢ
2
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢʁɚ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ

6
 ɪɨɞɧɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɬɟɬ. Ɉɛɟɡɛɟɞɢɬɢ ɨɛʁɟɤɬɢɜɧɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɩɨɝɥɟɞɭ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɟ
ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɝ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɬɟɬɚ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢɦɚ ɢ ɭʇɛɟɧɢɱɤɨɦ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢʁɚɥɭ. ɉɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɭ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɢ ɅȽȻɌ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɢɦɚ, ɤɚɨ ɢ
ɡɚɲɬɢɬɚ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɨɝ ɨɫɨɛʂɚ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɦɚɥɬɪɟɬɢɪɚʃɚ, ɨɬɩɭɲɬɚʃɚ, ɡɛɨɝ
ɫɬɜɚɪɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɬɩɨɫɬɚɜʂɟɧɟ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɟ ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɝ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɬɟɬɚ
5. ɉɨɞɫɬɢɱɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɚɤ ɨɛɚɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɫɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɢɦ
ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ. ɉɨɞɪɠɚɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɟ ɫɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɛɨɪɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢɯ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚ ɭ ɰɢʂɭ ʃɢɯɨɜɨɝ ɡɚɩɨɲʂɚɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɩɭɧɟ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ ɭɤʂɭɱɟɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɞɢ
ɩɨɫɬɢɡɚʃɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ, ɥɢɱɧɨɝ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɭ ɫɜɢɦ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɦɚ. Ɉɫɢɝɭɪɚɬɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɟ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɚ ɫɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɞɢ ɩɨɫɬɢɡɚʃɚ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɧɨɝ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɫɤɨɝ ɢ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɨɝ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɚ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɦ
ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɨɝ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɚ, (ɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɭʄɢ ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɨʁɟɤɬɨɜɚʃɟ ɛɭʇɟɬɚ ɧɚ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɦ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɧɨɦ ɧɢɜɨɭ). ɇɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɫɚ ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɟɦ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɧɫɤɟ,
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢʁɫɤɨ-ɤɨɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢʁɫɤɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɚɪɢʁɟɪɚ ɭ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢɦ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ, ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɢɬɢ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɚɜɚʃɚ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɟ ɫɚ
ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ, ɨɫɢɝɭɪɚɬɢ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢʁɫɤɟ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɤɟ ɢ ʂɭɞɫɤɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɟ ɡɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭ ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢʁɭ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɭʄɢ ɚɧɝɚɠɨɜɚʃɟ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢɯ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɚɬɚ. Ʉɪɨɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɭ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟʄɟɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɨɝ
ɨɤɜɢɪɚ, ɪɟɲɢɬɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɥɟɩɢɦ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɜɢɞɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɚ, ɲɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜʂɚ ɡɧɚɱɚʁɧɭ ɩɪɟɩɪɟɤɭ
ʃɢɯɨɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɨɦ ɭɫɚɜɪɲɚɜɚʃɭ. Ɋɚɡɜɢʁɚɬɢ ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɟ
ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɧɨɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ (ɤɨʁɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚʁɭ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨ ɭɱɟɲʄɟ ɞɟɰɟ ɫɚ ɢ
ɛɟɡ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɚ). Ɉɛɟɡɛɟɞɢɬɢ ɞɚ ɢɡɛɟɝɥɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɟʂɟɧɚ ɞɟɰɚ ɫɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ
ɢɦɚʁɭ ɩɭɧ ɢ ʁɟɞɧɚɤ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɨɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ.

Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɞɨɧɟɬ ʁɟ 2009 ɝɨɞɢɧɟ. Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɫɟ ɭɪɟɻɭʁɟ „ɨɩɲɬɚ

ɡɚɛɪɚɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɨɛɥɢɰɢ ɢ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɰɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɨɞ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ“. Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ʁɟ ɭɫɩɨɫɬɚɜʂɟɧ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɧɢ ɞɪɠɚɜɧɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɉɨɜɟɪɟɧɢɤ ɡɚ
ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɜɟɪɟɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɢɦɚ ɨɜɥɚɲʄɟʃɚ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɦɚ ɢ
ɪɚɡɦɚɬɪɚ ɩɪɢɬɭɠɛɟ ɡɛɨɝ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɨɞɪɟɞɚɛɚ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɬɟ ɞɚ ɞɚʁɟ
ɦɢɲʂɟʃɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɪɭɤɟ ɭ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɢɦ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ.

Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɭ ʃɟɝɨɜɨɦ ɬɪɟʄɟɦ ɞɟɥɭ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɫɚɧɢ ɫɭ ɢ

ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢ. Ⱦɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɫɬɭɱɧɨɝ ɨɫɩɨɫɨɛʂɚɜɚʃɚ
ɫɩɚɞɚ ɭ ɩɨɫɟɛɚɧ ɫɥɭɱɚʁ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɫɚɧ ʁɟ ɱɥ. 19 Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ:

ɋɜɚɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɲɤɨɥɫɤɨ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨ, ɫɪɟɞʃɟ ɢ ɜɢɫɨɤɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɨ

ɨɫɩɨɫɨɛʂɚɜɚʃɟ ɩɨɞ ʁɟɞɧɚɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɦɚ, ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ.

Ɂɚɛɪɚʃɟɧɨ ʁɟ ɥɢɰɭ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ʃɢɯɨɜɨɝ ɥɢɱɧɨɝ ɫɜɨʁɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɟɠɚɬɢ ɢɥɢ
ɨɧɟɦɨɝɭʄɢɬɢ ɭɩɢɫ ɭ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɭ, ɢɥɢ ɢɫɤʂɭɱɢɬɢ ɢɯ ɢɡ ɨɜɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ,
ɨɬɟɠɚɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɤɪɚɬɢɬɢ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬ ɩɪɚʄɟʃɚ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɟ ɢ ɭɱɟɲʄɚ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢɦ,
ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ, ɪɚɡɜɪɫɬɚɜɚɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɩɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɜɨʁɫɬɜɭ,
ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚɬɢ ɢɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɭ ɢ ɧɟʁɟɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɢ
ɩɪɟɦɚ ʃɢɦɚ.

7
Ɂɚɛɪɚʃɟɧɚ ʁɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢɯ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɨɛɚɜʂɚʁɭ
ɞɟɥɚɬɧɨɫɬ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɨɦ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɭ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɟ ɨɜɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ.

Ɂɚɤɨɧɢ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɲɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɫɭ: Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ („ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ”, ɛɪ. 72/2009, 52/2011 ɢ 55/13), Ɂɚɤɨɧ
ɨ ɩɪɟɞɲɤɨɥɫɤɨɦ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ („ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ”, ɛɪ. 18/10), Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ („ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ”, ɛɪ. 55/13), Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɫɪɟɞʃɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ
ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ („ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ”, ɛɪ. 55/13), ɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ („ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ
Ɋɋ”, ɛɪ. 76/2005, 97/2008 ,44/2010 , 93/2012 ɢ 89/2013).

Ɉɫɢɦ ɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚ, ɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɩɪɢɦɟʃɭʁɭ ɫɟ ɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɢɯ („ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ“ ɛɪ. 55/13), Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɱɤɨɦ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɫɤɨɦ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɭ („ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ“ ɛɪ. 18/10 ɢ 55/13) ɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɭʇɛɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɦ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɦɚ ("ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ ", ɛɪɨʁ 72/09) . ɉɨɞɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɚɬɢɜɚ ɭ ɨɜɨʁ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ʁɟ
ɬɚɤɨɻɟ ɜɟɨɦɚ ɛɪɨʁɧɚ ɢ ɭ ʃɨʁ ɫɭ ɫɚɞɪɠɚɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɭ ɡɧɚɱɚʁɧɨʁ ɦɟɪɢ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɭʁɭ ɩɪɚɜɨ
ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ, ɬʁ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɪɨɦɫɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɫɜɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤɨʁɚ
ɢɡ ɛɢɥɨ ɤɨɝ ɪɚɡɥɨɝɚ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭ ɡɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɨɦ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ.

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɰɢ ɤɨʁɢ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɭɪɟɻɭʁɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɭ ɫɦɢɫɥɭ ɩɪɭɠɚʃɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɟ

ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɞɟɰɢ/ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ʁɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɫɭ: ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ
ɞɨɞɚɬɧɨʁ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨʁ, ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨʁ ɢ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɨʁ ɩɨɞɪɲɰɢ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ (ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɨɦ
ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɭ Ɋɋ", ɛɪ. 63/2010), ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ ɛɥɢɠɢɦ ɭɩɭɬɫɬɜɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɭɬɜɪɻɢɜɚʃɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɩɥɚɧ, ʃɟɝɨɜɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɭ ɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɜɚʃɟ ("ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ", ɛɪ.
76/2010), ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɭ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɢʂɟ,
ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɟ ɢ ɡɚɧɟɦɚɪɢɜɚʃɟ ("ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ", ɛɪ. 30/2010), ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭ ɨɛɭɤɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɨɝ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɚ ("ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ - ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ", ɛɪ.
11/2010), ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɢɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɢʁɭ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚ ɢ ʃɢɯɨɜɨɝ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɝ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɚ ("ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ - ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ", ɛɪ. 5/2011), ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɢɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ („ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ
Ɋɋ", ɛɪ. 38/2013), ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɢɦɚ ɤɜɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ ɪɚɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ("ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ",
ɛɪ. 7/2011).
ɋɜɢ ɨɜɢ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɚɱɧɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɰɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢʁɟɧɢ ɫɭ ɢɡ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ, ɤɨʁɢ ɭ ɧɚʁɲɢɪɟɦ ɫɦɢɫɥɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɲɟ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ
ɤɜɚɥɢɬɟɬɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.
Ɍɚɤɨ ʁɟ ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɩɨɝɥɚɜʂɚ ɨ ɨɩɲɬɢɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ
ɭ Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ („ɋɥ. ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ”, ɛɪ. 72/2009,
52/2011 ɢ 55/13), ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɞɚ ɡɚ ɫɜɭ ɞɟɰɭ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɢ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɟ ɦɨɪɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɢ
„ʁɟɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɢɡɞɜɚʁɚʃɚ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɨɥɚ, ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ, ɤɭɥɬɭɪɧɟ, ɟɬɧɢɱɤɟ, ɪɟɥɢɝɢʁɫɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɫɬɭ
ɛɨɪɚɜɤɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɛɢɜɚɥɢɲɬɚ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢʁɚɥɧɨɝ ɢɥɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨɝ ɫɬɚʃɚ, ɬɟɲɤɨʄɚ ɢ
ɫɦɟɬʃɢ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɚ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ“.
ɍ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ, ɩɨɫɟɛɧɚ ɩɚɠʃɚ ɢɡɦɟɻɭ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɝ ɩɨɫɜɟʄɭʁɟ ɫɟ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɚ ɞɟɰɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɢ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɢ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɫɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ, ɛɟɡ ɨɛɡɢɪɚ ɧɚ
ɫɨɩɫɬɜɟɧɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢʁɚɥɧɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɟ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩ ɫɜɢɦ ɧɢɜɨɢɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ, ɚ
ɥɢɰɚ ɫɦɟɲɬɟɧɚ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ, ɛɨɥɟɫɧɚ ɞɟɰɚ, ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɢ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɢ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɭʁɭ

8
ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɫɦɟɲɬɚʁɚ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɢ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɧɢɱɤɨɝ ɢ ɤɭʄɧɨɝ ɥɟɱɟʃɚ;
ɫɦɚʃɟʃɭ ɫɬɨɩɟ ɨɫɢɩɚʃɚ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ, ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɢɡ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɨ
ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢʁɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɧɢɲɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɡɜɢʁɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɭɱʁɚ, ɨɫɨɛɚ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ
ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɫɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɢɦ ɬɟɲɤɨʄɚɦɚ ɭ ɭɱɟʃɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɲɰɢ
ʃɢɯɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɤʂɭɱɟʃɭ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɭ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ, ɛɟɡ
ɭɝɪɨɠɚɜɚʃɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ʂɭɞɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɦɚ
ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɨɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ.

Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ʁɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɫɚɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭ ɩɪɜɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɟ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɭɩɢɫɭʁɟ ɫɜɚɤɨ ɞɟɬɟ ɤɨʁɟ
ɞɨ ɩɨɱɟɬɤɚ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɢɦɚ ɧɚʁɦɚʃɟ ɲɟɫɬ ɢ ɩɨ, ɚ ɧɚʁɜɢɲɟ ɫɟɞɚɦ ɢ ɩɨ ɝɨɞɢɧɚ. ɒɤɨɥɚ ʁɟ
ɞɭɠɧɚ ɞɚ ɭɩɢɲɟ ɫɜɚɤɨ ɞɟɬɟ ɫɚ ɩɨɞɪɭɱʁɚ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ⱦɟɰɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ
ɦɨɝɭ ɫɟ ɭɩɢɫɢɜɚɬɢ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ, ɛɟɡ ɞɨɤɚɡɚ ɨ ɩɪɟɛɢɜɚɥɢɲɬɭ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɟ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɟ. ɂɫɩɢɬɢɜɚʃɟ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɜɪɲɢ ɫɟ ɬɟɤ ɧɚɤɨɧ ɭɩɢɫɚ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɢ ɬɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪʃɟɦ
ʁɟɡɢɤɭ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ. Ⱥɤɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɫɩɢɬɢɜɚʃɟ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɜɪɲɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪʃɟɦ
ʁɟɡɢɤɭ, ɲɤɨɥɚ ɚɧɝɚɠɭʁɟ ɩɪɟɜɨɞɢɨɰɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɝ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɝ ɫɚɜɟɬɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɟ ɦɚʃɢɧɟ.
ɂɫɩɢɬɢɜɚʃɟ ɞɟɰɟ ɫɚ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɱɤɢɦ ɢ ɱɭɥɧɢɦ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɜɪɲɢ ɫɟ ɭɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɭ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ
ɢɫɩɢɬɢɜɚʃɚ ɧɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɞɟɬɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɧɨ ɞɚ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɢ.

ɍ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ ɢɫɩɢɬɢɜɚʃɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɭɩɢɫɚɧɨɝ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ, ɲɤɨɥɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭ ɡɚ

ɞɨɧɨɲɟʃɟɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɨɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɝ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɨɦ ɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ.
Ⱥɤɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɡɚɯɬɟɜɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢʁɫɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɲɤɨɥɚ ɩɪɢɛɚɜʂɚ ɦɢɲʂɟʃɟ
ɢɧɬɟɪɪɟɫɨɪɧɟ ɤɨɦɢɫɢʁɟ ɢ ɭɩɭʄɭʁɟ ɡɚɯɬɟɜ ɨɫɧɢɜɚɱɭ ɤɚɤɨ ɛɢ ɫɟ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɢɥɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ.

Ⱦɟɬɟɬɭ ɫɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɨɞɥɨɠɢɬɢ ɭɩɢɫ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɡɚ ɝɨɞɢɧɭ ɞɚɧɚ ɚɤɨ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɢ ɞɚ ʁɟ ɬɨ ɭ

ɧɚʁɛɨʂɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɦɢɲʂɟʃɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɪɟɫɨɪɧɟ ɤɨɦɢɫɢʁɟ, ɤɨʁɟ ɫɚɞɪɠɢ
ɞɨɤɚɡɟ ɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ ɨɞɥɚɝɚʃɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɝ ɦɟɪɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɟ, ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɟ ɢɥɢ
ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ ɭ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɚɫɤɚ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ.

Ⱦɟɰɚ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɦɨɝɭ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭɩɢɲɭ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫɚ

ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɦɢɲʂɟʃɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɪɟɫɨɪɧɟ ɤɨɦɢɫɢʁɟ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɡɚ
ɩɪɭɠɚʃɟɦ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɟ, ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɢ ɭɡ
ɫɚɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ.

Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨɦɨɝɭʄɚɜɚ ɞɚ ɞɟɬɟ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ ɫɬɚɪɢʁɟ ɨɞ ɫɟɞɚɦ ɢ ɩɨ ɝɨɞɢɧɚ ɢ ɤɨʁɟ ɡɛɨɝ ɛɨɥɟɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɝɚ ɧɢʁɟ ɭɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɭ ɩɪɜɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɞ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭɩɢɲɟ ɭ ɩɪɜɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɢ
ɪɚɡɪɟɞ ɭɡ ɩɪɟɬɯɨɞɧɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɭ ɡɧɚʃɚ.

Ɂɚ ɞɟɬɟ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤɨɦɟ ʁɟ ɭɫɥɟɞ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ ɭɫɤɪɚʄɟɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɦɟɬʃɢ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ,

ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɝɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɭʁɟ ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢʁɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɪɟɤɚ ɢ ɞɨɧɨɫɢ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɩɥɚɧ. ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɩɥɚɧ (ɂɈɉ) ʁɟ ɩɨɫɟɛɚɧ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɤɨʁɢɦ ɫɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɡɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɨ ɞɟɬɟ
ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ʃɟɝɨɜɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ ɢ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ. ɐɢʂ ɂɈɉ-ɚ ʁɟ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɧɢ ɪɚɡɜɨʁ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɭɤʂɭɱɢɜɚʃɟ ɭ ɜɪɲʃɚɱɤɢ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜ ɢ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɟ
ɨɩɲɬɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɡɚɞɨɜɨʂɚɜɚʃɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-
ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. ɂɈɉ ɫɟ ɢɡɪɚɻɭʁɟ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢɦ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɦɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɛɭɞɟ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ: ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɚɜɚʃɭ ɧɚɱɢɧɚ ɪɚɞɚ, ɤɚɨ
ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɨɞɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢ ɪɚɞ (ɂɈɉ1); ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɚɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢ
ɫɚɞɪɠɚʁɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨɝ ɪɚɞɚ, ɢɫɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ (ɂɈɉ2); ɨɛɨɝɚʄɢɜɚʃɭ
ɢ ɩɪɨɲɢɪɢɜɚʃɭ ɫɚɞɪɠɚʁɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨɝ ɪɚɞɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɬɟ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫɚ ɢɡɭɡɟɬɧɢɦ

9
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ (ɂɈɉ3). Ɂɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɫɬɢɱɟ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɟɦ ɂɈɉ-ɚ 2, ɨɫɢɦ
ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɨɝ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ, ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢ ɩɥɚɧ, ɭɡ ɦɢɲʂɟʃɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɪɟɫɨɪɧɟ
ɤɨɦɢɫɢʁɟ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɡɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɦ, ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɨɦ
ɩɨɞɪɲɤɨɦ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤ ɤɨɦɟ ʁɟ ɭɫɥɟɞ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ ɭɫɤɪɚʄɟɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɦɟɬʃɢ ɭ
ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ, ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɚ, ɬɟɲɤɨʄɚ ɭ ɭɱɟʃɭ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɝɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɭ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɨɰɟʃɭʁɟ ɫɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɢʂɟɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɚ
ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ ɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɫɚɜɥɚɞɚɜɚʃɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɨɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɝ ɩɥɚɧɚ.

ɉɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɩɪɭɠɚ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢɦɚ, ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚɱɢɦɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɢɦ

ɫɚɪɚɞɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɪɚɞɢ ɩɪɭɠɚʃɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɭɤʂɭɱɢɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɟɞɨɜɚʃɭ ɞɟɰɟ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ, ɚ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɦɚ. ɍ ɫɜɨɦ ɪɚɞɭ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɭʁɟ ɫɚɪɚɞʃɭ ɫɚ
ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɢɦɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɢɦɚ, ɚ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɨ ɫɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɚɪɚɻɭʁɟ ɢ ɫɚ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɢɦ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢʁɚɦɚ, ɭɞɪɭɠɟʃɢɦɚ ɢ ʁɟɞɢɧɢɰɨɦ ɥɨɤɚɥɧɟ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɟ.

Ɋɚɞɢ ɩɪɭɠɚʃɚ ɩɨɦɨʄɢ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ

ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨɦ ɪɚɞɭ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɫɬɜɭʁɟ ɩɪɚɬɢɥɚɰ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ.

Ⱥɧɞɪɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɩɪɭɠɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɭ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɭɤʂɭɱɢɜɚʃɟ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɭ ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɭ ɬɟɲɤɨʄɚ ɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ, ɭ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɭ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ, ɞɨɞɚɬɧɨʁ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɧɫɤɨʁ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɢ; ɩɨɦɨʄ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɢ
ɫɬɪɭɱɧɢɦ ɫɚɪɚɞɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɭ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ; ɫɚɪɚɻɭʁɟ ɫɚ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɢɦ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɢɦɚ ɭ ʁɟɞɢɧɢɰɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɧɟ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɟ ɪɚɞɢ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɢɯ, ɚ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ
ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɯ ɰɢʂɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɡɚ ɭɤʂɭɱɢɜɚʃɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɢ
ɫɬɢɰɚʃɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ.

ɂɚɤɨ ʁɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢ ɪɚɞ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɭʁɟ ɧɚ ɫɪɩɫɤɨɦ

ʁɟɡɢɤɭ, ɡɚ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɟ ɦɚʃɢɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢ ɪɚɞ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɭʁɟ ɫɟ ɢ ɧɚ
ʁɟɡɢɤɭ ɢ ɩɢɫɦɭ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɟ ɦɚʃɢɧɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɞɜɨʁɟɡɢɱɧɨ, ɚɤɨ ɫɟ ɩɪɢɥɢɤɨɦ ɭɩɢɫɚ ɭ ɩɪɜɢ
ɪɚɡɪɟɞ ɡɚ ɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢ ɧɚʁɦɚʃɟ 15 ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭɡ ɫɚɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɝ ɡɚ
ɩɨɫɥɨɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ.

ɍɱɟɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɚɠɟ ɢɫɩɢɬ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ʃɟɝɨɜɢɦ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɱɤɢɦ ɢ ɱɭɥɧɢɦ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ,

ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɦɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɡɚɯɬɟɜɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɚ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɚ, ɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɛɭɞɟ ɨɫɥɨɛɨɻɟɧ
ɩɨɥɚɝɚʃɚ ɞɟɥɚ ɢɫɩɢɬɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɞɪɠɚʁɚ ɡɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ɦɭ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɚɜɚɧɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɢ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ

ɉɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɚɜɚʃɟ ɡɚɜɪɲɧɨɝ ɢɫɩɢɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɰɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ

ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ, ɡɚɜɢɫɧɨ ɨɞ ɜɪɫɬɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɟ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ, ɜɪɲɢ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɦɚ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɭ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ
ɩɨɥɚɠɟ ɡɚɜɪɲɧɢ ɢɫɩɢɬ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ʃɟɝɨɜɢɦ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɱɤɢɦ ɢ ɱɭɥɧɢɦ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ,
ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɦɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɡɚɯɬɟɜɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɚ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɚ.

ɒɤɨɥɚ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɚɜɚʃɟ ɢɫɩɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɨʁɢɯ ɫɟ ɡɚɜɪɲɚɜɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢ ɧɢɜɨ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ

ɜɪɫɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤ ɫɪɟɞʃɟ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ,
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɢɦ ɬɟɲɤɨʄɚɦɚ ɭ ɭɱɟʃɭ ɢɥɢ ʁɟɡɢɱɤɢɦ ɢ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɢɦ ɛɚɪɢʁɟɪɚɦɚ ɩɨɥɚɠɟ ɨɩɲɬɭ
ɦɚɬɭɪɭ; ɫɬɪɭɱɧɭ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɭɦɟɬɧɢɱɤɭ ɦɚɬɭɪɭ, ɡɚɜɪɲɧɢ ɢɫɩɢɬ (ɡɚɜɪɲɟɧɨɝ ɞɜɨɝɨɞɢɲʃɟɝ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɡɚ ɪɚɞ, ɢɫɩɢɬ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɟ ɨɫɩɨɫɨɛʂɟɧɨɫɬɢ - ɩɨɥɚɠɟ ɢɫɩɢɬ ɡɚ ɨɛɭɤɭ) ɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɦɚ
ɤɨʁɢ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɭʁɭ ɩɪɟɜɚɡɢɥɚɠɟʃɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢʁɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɪɟɤɚ, ɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɛɭɞɟ
ɨɫɥɨɛɨɻɟɧ ɩɨɥɚɝɚʃɚ ɞɟɥɚ ɦɚɬɭɪɫɤɨɝ ɢɫɩɢɬɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɡɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ɦɭ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɚɜɚɧɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɢ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ, ɢɥɢ ɞɚ ɬɚʁ ɞɟɨ ɩɨɥɚɠɟ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɢɦ

10
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ, ɨ ɱɟɦɭ ɨɞɥɭɤɭ ɞɨɧɨɫɟ ɬɢɦ ɡɚ ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɢ ɬɢɦ ɡɚ
ɩɪɭɠɚʃɟ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ.

ɍ ɁɈɋɈȼ-ɭ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɫɟ ɨɛɪɚʄɚ ɩɚɠʃɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ.

ɉɪɟɦɚ ɱɥɚɧɭ 44. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɡɚɛɪɚʃɟɧɚ ʁɟ

ɫɜɚɤɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɩɨ ɛɢɥɨ ɤɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ. ɑɥɚɧ
44, ɫɬɚɜ 1 Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɡɚɛɪɚʃɭʁɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɟʄɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ: „ɍ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɫɭ ɡɚɛɪɚʃɟɧɟ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɜɚʁɭ, ɨɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɚɜɚʁɭ, ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɢɲɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɞɜɚʁɚʁɭ ɥɢɰɚ,
ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɝɪɭɩɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ: ɪɚɫɧɟ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɟ, ɟɬɧɢɱɤɟ, ʁɟɡɢɱɤɟ, ɜɟɪɫɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɟ
ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɮɢɡɢɱɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɤɢɯ ɫɜɨʁɫɬɚɜɚ, ɫɦɟɬʃɢ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɚ,
ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨɝ ɫɬɚʃɚ, ɭɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɨɝ ɢ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɧɨɝ ɩɨɪɟɤɥɚ, ɢɦɨɜɧɨɝ ɫɬɚʃɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɤɨɝ ɨɩɪɟɞɟʂɟʃɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɰɚʃɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɟ ɬɚɤɜɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɩɨ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɢɦɚ ɭɬɜɪɻɟɧɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɤɨʁɢɦ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɭʁɟ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ“.
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ʁɟ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɫɚɧɚ ɤɚɨ „ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɨ, ɧɚ ɨɬɜɨɪɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɤɪɢɜɟɧ
ɧɚɱɢɧ, ɢɫɤʂɭɱɢɜɚʃɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɚɜɚʃɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɥɨɛɨɞɚ, ɧɟʁɟɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɩɭɲɬɚʃɟ ɱɢʃɟʃɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ ɩɪɚɜʂɟʃɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɩɨɜɥɚɻɢɜɚʃɟɦ ɢɥɢ
ɞɚɜɚʃɟɦ ɩɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ“.

ɋɚ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɚɮɢɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɚ ɚɤɰɢʁɚ ɫɟ ɧɟ

ɫɦɚɬɪɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɨɦ, ɚ ɩɨɞ ʃɨɦ ɫɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚʁɭ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɜɟɞɟɧɟ ɪɚɞɢ
ɩɨɫɬɢɡɚʃɚ ɩɭɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɟɬɤɚ ɥɢɰɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɝɪɭɩɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɫɟ
ɧɚɥɚɡɟ ɭ ɧɟʁɟɞɧɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɚʁɭ.

ɍ ɞɟɥɭ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɦɚ, ɨɛɚɜɟɡɚɦɚ ɢ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, (ɱɥɚɧɨɦ 103.

Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ) ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ʁɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɧɚɫɢʂɚ, ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɚ
ɢ ɡɚɧɟɦɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɜɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ ɞɭɠɧɢ ɫɭ ɞɚ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɟ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɟ
ɩɪɚɜɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɚ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɭ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɢ ɤɪɲɟʃɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɧɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɫɟ ɩɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɭ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ. Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ʁɟ ɭ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɢ ɞɚ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɭ ɪɚɡɦɨɬɪɢ ɢ ɞɚ, ɭɡ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɬɚɰɢʁɭ ɫɚ
ɞɟɬɟɬɨɦ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɟɦ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɟɦ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɦ ɨɞɥɭɱɢ
ɨ ʃɨʁ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɦɟ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɟ ɦɟɪɟ, ɢ ɬɨ ɭ ɪɨɤɭ ɨɞ 15 ɞɚɧɚ ɨɞ ɞɚɧɚ ɩɪɢʁɟɦɚ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɟ.

ɋɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɨɦ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɨʁɢ ɜɪɲɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɜɨʁɢɦ

ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟɦ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɭ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɭ ʃɢɯɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɲɤɨɥɚ ʁɟ ɞɭɠɧɚ ɞɚ, ɭɡ
ɭɱɟɲʄɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɩɨʁɚɱɚ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢ ɪɚɞ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ: ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɨɞɟʂɟɧɫɤɟ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɟ, ɫɬɪɭɱɧɢɦ ɪɚɞɨɦ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɫɤɨɝ ɫɬɚɪɟɲɢɧɟ,
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɚ, ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɯ ɬɢɦɨɜɚ, ɚ ɤɚɞɚ ʁɟ ɬɨ ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɚɪɚɻɭʁɟ ɫɚ
ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɢɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɟ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ.

ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɞɟɬɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɢɡɜɪɲɢɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ (ɱɥ. 44. ɁɈɋɈȼ)

ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ʃɟɝɚ ɩɨɤɪɟʄɟ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ, ɧɚʁɤɚɫɧɢʁɟ ɭ ɪɨɤɭ ɨɞ 30
ɞɚɧɚ, ɭɬɜɪɻɭʁɟ ɫɜɟ ɱɢʃɟɧɢɰɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ɨɞ ɡɧɚɱɚʁɚ ɢ ɞɨɧɨɫɢ ɪɟɲɟʃɟ. Ɂɚ ɭɱɢʃɟɧɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ
ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44. ɩɪɟɞɜɢɻɟɧɟ ɫɭ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɚ ɦɟɪɟ: ɭɤɨɪ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɤɨɪ
ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɱɤɨɝ ɜɟʄɚ, ɩɪɟɦɟɲɬɚʁ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɨɞ ɩɟɬɨɝ ɞɨ ɨɫɦɨɝ ɪɚɡɪɟɞɚ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɨɞɥɭɤɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɱɤɨɝ ɜɟʄɚ, ɭɡ ɫɚɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɚ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɟ
ɭ ɤɨʁɭ ɩɪɟɥɚɡɢ ɢ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫɪɟɞʃɟ ɲɤɨɥɟ - ɢɫɤʂɭɱɟʃɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɲɤɨɥɟ
ɫɚ ɞɨɦɨɦ.

11
 Ɂɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ ɫɟ ɩɪɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɨ ɭɞɚʂɚɜɚ ɫɚ ɪɚɞɚ ɡɛɨɝ ɭɱɢʃɟɧɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44.
Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɤɪɟʄɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ, ɞɨɧɨɫɢ ɨɞɥɭɤɭ ɢ ɢɡɪɢɱɟ ɦɟɪɭ
ɭ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɨɝ. Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ ɩɨɤɪɟʄɟ ɫɟ
ɩɢɫɦɟɧɢɦ ɡɚɤʂɭɱɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɜɨɪ ɧɢʁɟ ɞɨɩɭɲɬɟɧ, ɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɚɞɪɠɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɟ ɨ
ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɨɦ, ɨɩɢɫ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɪɚɞɧɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ, ɜɪɟɦɟ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ
ɢɡɜɪɲɟʃɚ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɟ ɤɨʁɢ ɭɤɚɡɭʁɭ ɧɚ ɢɡɜɪɲɟʃɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ. ɉɨɤɪɟɬɚʃɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɝ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɪɟɜɚ ɭ ɪɨɤɭ ɨɞ ɞɜɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɨɞ ɞɚɧɚ ɤɚɞɚ ʁɟ ɭɱɢʃɟɧɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɚ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ.
44. Ɂɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɨɦ ɤɨʁɢ ɢɡɜɪɲɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ, ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɱɥ. 44. ɡɚɤɨɧɚ, ɩɪɟɫɬɚʁɟ ɪɚɞɧɢ
ɨɞɧɨɫ ɤɚɞɚ ɨɞɥɭɤɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɨ ɭɬɜɪɻɟɧɨʁ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɟ ɤɨɧɚɱɧɚ ɢ ɨɞɭɡɢɦɚ ɫɟ
ɥɢɰɟɧɰɚ.

ɂɚɤɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɢ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɭʁɭ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɞɟɰɟ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɭ

ɩɪɚɤɫɢ ɫɟ ʁɨɲ ɭɜɟɤ ɫɪɟʄɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢ ɧɟʁɟɞɧɚɤɨɝ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɦ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɢɦ
ɝɪɭɩɚɦɚ. ɇɚʁɱɟɲʄɟ ɫɟ ɫɪɟʄɟ ɫɟɝɪɟɝɚɰɢʁɚ, ɤɚɨ ɩɨɫɟɛɚɧ ɜɢɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɤɚɞɚ ɫɭ ɭ
ɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɞɟɰɚ ɪɨɦɫɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɟɰɚ ɪɨɦɫɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ ʁɨɲ ɭɜɟɤ ɧɢɫɭ ɭ
ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɚʁɭ ɫɚ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɦ ɞɟɰɭ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ. Ⱦɟɲɚɜɚ ɫɟ ɢ
ɞɚʂɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɞɜɚʁɚʁɭ ɨɞ ɨɫɬɚɥɟ ɞɟɰɟ ɭ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɚ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭɫɦɟɪɚɜɚʁɭ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɢɥɢ
ɭ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ ɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɞɟɰɟ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ.
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ ʁɟ ɭɱɢɧɢɬɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɚɧ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɰɚɦɚ ɞɟɰɟ ɪɨɦɫɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɟ
ɦɚʃɢɧɟ ɩɪɭɠɢ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɤʂɭɱɢɜɚʃɭ ɞɟɰɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɪɟɞɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɯɚɻɚʃɭ,
ɧɚɩɪɟɞɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɡɚɜɪɲɚɜɚʃɭ ɲɤɨɥɨɜɚʃɚ. ɀɟɥɢɦɨ ɞɚ ɧɚɝɥɚɫɢɦɨ ɞɚ ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɜɟʄ ɩɨɦɟɧɭɬɢɯ
ɦɚɪɝɢɧɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ, ɭ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɬɟɲɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɚʁɭ ɧɚɥɚɡɟ ɫɟ ɞɟɰɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɟʂɟɧɢɯ
ɩɨɪɨɞɢɰɚ ɫɚ Ʉɨɫɨɜɚ.
Ⱦɚ ɛɢ ɫɟ ɨɛɚɡɛɟɞɢɥɚ ɩɭɧɚ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɚ ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢʁɚ ɩɨɦɟɧɭɬɢɯ ɦɚɪɝɢɧɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ,
ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɨ ʁɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɢɬɢ ɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɤɪɢɜɟɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟ ɭ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɚɦɚ, ɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɜɨɞɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɢ, ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟ ɭ
ɥɨɤɚɥɧɨʁ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɢ, ʁɟɡɢɱɤɟ ɛɚɪɢʁɚɪɟ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɤɨ ɫɢɪɨɦɚɲɬɜɨ ɭ ɤɨɦɟ ɨɜɚ ɥɢɰɚ ɠɢɜɟ, ɤɚɨ ɢ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɪɨʁɧɢɦ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɧɢɦ ɨɛɨʂɟʃɢɦɚ.
ɉɪɜɢ ɤɨɪɚɤ ɤɨʁɢ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɭɱɢɧɢɬɢ ɭ ɰɢʂɭ ɞɭɝɨɪɨɱɧɨɝ ɪɟɲɚɜɚʃɚ ɨɜɨɝ ɧɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ,
ʁɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɭɠɚʃɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɭɢɪɚɧɟ, ɞɨɞɚɬɧɟ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɨɜɨʁ ɞɟɰɢ, ɭ
ɰɢʂɭ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ ɤɜɚɥɢɬɟɬɧɨɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɡɚ ʃɢɯ.

ɋɬɜɚɪɚʃɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɟ ɦɟɪɚ ɚɧɬɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɜɨɭ ɲɤɨɥɟ

Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɭ ɱɥ. 47 ɩɪɨɩɢɫɭʁɟ ɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ

ɞɨɧɨɲɟʃɟɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɚ, ɛɥɢɠɟ ɭɪɟɻɭʁɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ ɫɜɨʁɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɪɚɞɢ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɢɜɚʃɚ
ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɛɟɡɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɰɟ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɢ
ɦɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɚ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɚ ɭɬɜɪɻɟɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɨɜɨɝ ɱɥɚɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɚɧɢ ɫɭ ɢ ɬɢɦɨɜɢ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ ɧɚ ɧɢɜɨɭ ɲɤɨɥɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ʁɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɧɚ ɞɚ ɭɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɱɥɚɧɨɦ 43. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ, ɞɨɧɟɫɟ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ
ɭ ɰɢʂɭ ɧɟɝɨɜɚʃɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɚ ɦɟɻɭɫɨɛɧɨɝ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʃɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɰɟ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ,
ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ ɢ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ʄɟ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ ɫɜɨʁɢɦ ɪɚɞɨɦ ɢ ɭɤɭɩɧɢɦ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟɦ
ɞɨɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢʁɚʃɭ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɢɦɚ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ, ʃɢɯɨɜɢɦ
ɞɟɮɢɧɢɫɚʃɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟɦ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ʃɢɦɚ ɞɨɩɪɢɧɨɫɢ ɫɟ ɫɬɚɜɚɪɚʃɭ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɤɨʁɚ, ɧɚ ʁɟɞɚɧ ɢɧɞɢɪɟɤɬɚɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɲɬɢɬɢ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.
ɂɦɚʁɭʄɢ ɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɚ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɱɥ. 66 Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɭʁɟ ɬɢɦ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɟ
ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɨɝ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɚ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨʁɟɤɬɚ, ɩɪɟɩɨɪɭɱɭʁɟ ɫɟ ɞɚ ɭ ɰɢʂɭ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɚ
ɚɧɬɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ, ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɚ ɬɢɦ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɧɚ

12
ɧɢɜɨɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ. Ɍɢɦ ɦɨɝɭ ɞɚ ɱɢɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ, ʁɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɧɟ
ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɪɭɱʃɚɤɚ ɡɚ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɚ ɩɢɬɚʃɚ „ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ ɢ ɬɢɦɨɜɢ, ɭ
ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɨɦ“3. ɇɚɱɢɧ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɭʁɟ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɨ ɪɚɞɭ ɬɢɦɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɝɨɞɢɲʃɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɪɚɞɚ ɭɬɜɪɻɭʁɟ ɩɥɚɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨɫɢɨɰɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɫɤɭ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɬɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

ɒɤɨɥɚ ɛɢ ɬɪɟɛɚɥɨ ɞɚ ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɨɝ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ, ɤɪɨɡ ɧɚɱɢɧɟ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ

ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ, ɰɢʂɟɜɚ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɞɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ
ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ
ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ, ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ, ɛɨɥɟɫɧɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɪɩɫɤɢ ɧɢʁɟ ɦɚɬɟɪʃɢ ɢ
ɫɥɢɱɧɨ, ɬɟ ɤɚɤɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɭʁɟ ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢʁɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɪɟɤɚ.

ɇɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɨ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɭɡɦɟ ɭ ɨɛɡɢɪ

ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɟ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɢ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɦɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɢɜɚʃɚ
ɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ʃɟɝɨɜɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɦɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ ɢ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ.

Ɉɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɜɟɡɢ ɫɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɨɦ

Ɂɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚ ʁɟɫɬɟ ɞɚ ɫɜɨʁɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢʁɚɦɚ ɨɫɢɝɭɪɚ ɩɨɫɬɢɡɚʃɟ ɰɢʂɟɜɚ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ, ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʁɭʄɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ,
ɩɪɟɞɡɧɚʃɚ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɟ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɟ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚɱɚ ɭ
ɩɪɟɞɲɤɨɥɫɤɨʁ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ʁɟɫɬɟ ɞɚ ɫɜɨʁɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢʁɚɦɚ ɨɫɢɝɭɪɚ ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʃɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ, ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɟ ɰɢʂɟɜɚ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɭɧɚɩɪɟɻɢɜɚʃɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-
ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨɝ ɪɚɞɚ.

Ɂɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚ, ɢɡɦɟɻɭ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɝ ɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɟ

ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɬʁ. ɡɚɛɪɚɧɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɧɚɫɢʂɚ, ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɚ ɢ ɡɚɧɟɦɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ. ɉɨɜɨɞɨɦ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɚ ɩɨɤɪɟʄɟ ɫɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ, ɚ ɭɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɻɟɧɢ ɱɥɚɧ 44. ɢ 45
ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ ɫɟ ɢ ɭɞɚɜɚʂɚ ɫɚ ɩɨɫɥɚ ɞɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚʃɚ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɝ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ. Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨɤɪɟʄɟ
ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ, ɜɨɞɢ ɢ ɢɡɪɢɱɟ ɦɟɪɭ ɭ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ. ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ
ɭɬɜɪɻɟɧɨ ɞɚ ʁɟ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ ɩɨɱɢɧɢɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɢɡ ɱɥɚɧɚ 44. 45. ɢɡɪɢɱɟ ɦɭ ɫɟ ɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɫɬɚɧɤɚ
ɪɚɞɧɨɝ ɨɞɧɨɫɚ ɢ ɨɞɭɡɢɦɚ ɦɭ ɫɟ ɥɢɰɟɧɰɚ.

ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɫɚɡɧɚʃɚ, ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɞɭɠɚɧ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɢ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɭ,

ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɭɩɪɚɜʂɚʃɚ ɤɪɲɟʃɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ.
Ɂɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ ɫɟ ɩɪɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɨ ɭɞɚʂɚɜɚ ɫɚ ɪɚɞɚ ɡɛɨɝ ɭɱɢʃɟɧɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44.
ɞɨ 46. ɨɜɨɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɢ ɬɟɠɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɪɚɞɧɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ ɢɡ ɱɥɚɧɚ 141. ɬɚɱ. 1) ɞɨ 5) ɢ ɬɚɱ. 10) ɢ 16)
ɨɜɨɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɞɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚʃɚ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɝ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ.
Ⱥɤɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɭɞɚʂɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɨɝ, ɨɪɝɚɧ ɭɩɪɚɜʂɚʃɚ ɞɭɠɚɧ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɞɨɧɟɫɟ ɨɞɥɭɤɭ ɨ
ɭɞɚʂɟʃɭ.
ɉɨɤɪɟɬɚʃɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɝ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɬɟɠɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɡɚɫɬɚɪɟɜɚ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɨɦ ʁɟɞɧɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɨɞ ɞɚɧɚ ɭɱɢʃɟɧɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ.
ȼɨɻɟʃɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɝ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ ɡɚ ɥɚɤɲɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɪɚɞɧɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ ɡɚɫɬɚɪɟɜɚ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɨɦ ʁɟɞɧɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ, ɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɬɟɠɟ - ɞɜɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɨɞ ɩɨɤɪɟɬɚʃɚ
ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɝ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ.

3
ɑɥ 66 Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ

13
 Ɂɚɫɬɚɪɟɥɨɫɬ ɧɟ ɬɟɱɟ ɚɤɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɨɤɪɟɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɢ
ɡɛɨɝ ɨɞɫɭɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɨɝ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɝɚ.
Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɭɩɪɚɜʂɚʃɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɜɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɚɤɨ ʁɟ ɭɬɜɪɻɟɧɨ ɞɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɞɭɡɢɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɢɦɚ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɚ
ɡɚɛɪɚɧɚ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ.

Ɉɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ ɜɟɡɢ ɫɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɨɦ

ɍɱɟɧɢɤ ʁɟ ɞɭɠɚɧ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɲɤɨɥɨɜɚʃɚ ɩɪɢɞɪɠɚɜɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɚ ɭɤɨɥɢɤɨ

ɢɯ ɩɪɟɤɪɲɢ ɦɨɝɭ ɦɭ ɫɟ ɢɡɪɟʄɢ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ. Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɭʁɟ ɥɚɤɲɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ,
ɬɟɠɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɢɡ ɱɥɚɧɚ 44. ɢ 45. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ, ɬʁ. ɤɪɲɟʃɟ ɨɞɪɟɞɛɢ ɤɨʁɢɦ ʁɟ ɡɚɛɪɚʃɟɧɚ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ, ɧɚɫɢʂɟ, ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɟ ɢ ɡɚɧɟɦɚɪɢɜɚʃɟ.

Ɂɚ ɬɟɠɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44. ɢ 45. ɁɈɋɈȼ-ɚ,
ɲɤɨɥɚ ɦɨɪɚ ɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ ɨ ɤɨɦ ɦɨɪɚ ɛɢɬɢ ɨɛɚɜɟɲɬɟɧ
ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ.

ɍ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ ɞɟɬɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤ, ɭɡ ɩɪɢɫɭɫɬɜɨ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ,

ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɚ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɫɜɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɢ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɰɢ ɢ ɫɜɟɞɨɰɢ ɦɨɪɚʁɭ ɛɢɬɢ ɫɚɫɥɭɲɚɧɢ ɢ ɦɨɝɭ
ɞɚɬɢ ɩɢɫɦɟɧɭ ɢɡʁɚɜɭ.

ȼɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ ɩɨɤɪɟʄɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɚʁɤɚɫɧɢʁɟ ɭ ɪɨɤɭ ɨɞ 30 ɞɚɧɚ

ɡɚ ɭɱɢʃɟɧɟ ɬɟɠɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɢʃɟɧɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44. ɢ
45. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɜɚ ɫɟ ɪɟɲɟʃɟɦ. ɉɪɟ ɞɨɧɨɲɟʃɚ ɪɟɲɟʃɚ ɦɨɪɚʁɭ ɫɟ ɭɬɜɪɞɢɬɢ ɫɜɟ
ɱɢʃɟɧɢɰɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ɨɞ ɡɧɚɱɚʁɚ ɡɚ ɞɨɧɨɲɟʃɟ ɪɟɲɟʃɚ.

ɑɥɚɧɨɦ 115. ɁɈɋɈȼ-ɚ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ʁɟ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɦɨɝɭʄɟ ɢɡɪɟʄɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɭɤɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɨ ɱɥɚɧ 44. ɢ 45, ɬɟ ʁɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɡɚ ɭɱɢʃɟɧɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɢɡɪɢɱɟ ʁɟɞɧɚ ɨɞ
ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɚ ɦɟɪɚ:

(1) ɭɤɨɪ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɤɨɪ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɱɤɨɝ ɜɟʄɚ,

(2) ɩɪɟɦɟɲɬɚʁ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɨɞ ɩɟɬɨɝ ɞɨ ɨɫɦɨɝ ɪɚɡɪɟɞɚ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ
ɨɞɥɭɤɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɱɤɨɝ ɜɟʄɚ, ɭɡ ɫɚɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɚ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɭ ɤɨʁɭ
ɩɪɟɥɚɡɢ,

(3) ɡɚ ɞɟɬɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫɪɟɞʃɟ ɲɤɨɥɟ - ɢɫɤʂɭɱɟʃɟ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɲɤɨɥɟ

ɫɚ ɞɨɦɨɦ.

ɉɪɟ ɧɟɝɨ ɲɬɨ ɢɡɪɟɤɧɟ ɦɟɪɭ, ɲɤɨɥɚ ɦɨɪɚ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɦɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɱɥɚɧɚ 113, ɲɬɨ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚ ɞɚ ɭɡ ɭɱɟɲʄɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɩɨʁɚɱɚ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢ
ɪɚɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ: ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɨɞɟʂɟɧɫɤɟ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɟ, ɫɬɪɭɱɧɢɦ ɪɚɞɨɦ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɫɤɨɝ
ɫɬɚɪɟɲɢɧɟ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɚ, ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɯ ɬɢɦɨɜɚ, ɚ ɤɚɞɚ ʁɟ ɬɨ ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɚɪɚɻɭʁɟ ɫɚ
ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɢɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɟ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. Ʉɚɞ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɬɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɜɟɞɭ ɞɨ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɟ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ,
ɨɛɭɫɬɚɜɢʄɟ ɫɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ, ɨɫɢɦ ɚɤɨ ʁɟ ɭɱɢʃɟɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɨɦ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44. ɢ 45. ɨɡɛɢʂɧɨ
ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɬɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɝ ɥɢɰɚ.

14
 Ʉɚɞ ɦɚɥɨɥɟɬɚɧ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɢɡɜɪɲɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44. ɢ 45.
ɁɈɋɈȼ-ɚ, ɲɤɨɥɚ ɨɞɦɚɯ ɨɛɚɜɟɲɬɚɜɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɚ ɢ ɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɟ ɝɚ ɭ
ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ.

ɇɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɱɤɨ ɜɟʄɟ ɞɨɧɨɫɢ ɨɞɥɭɤɭ ɨ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨʁ ɦɟɪɢ ɢɫɤʂɭɱɟʃɚ

ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞʃɟ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɪɟɲɟʃɟ ɨ ɢɫɤʂɭɱɟʃɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɟ.

ɍɱɟɧɢɤ, ʃɟɝɨɜ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂ ɢɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɞɚ ɩɨɞɧɟɫɟ ɠɚɥɛɭ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɨɦ
ɨɞɛɨɪɭ ɧɚ ɢɡɪɟɱɟɧɭ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɭ ɦɟɪɭ ɡɚ ɢɡɜɪɲɟɧɭ ɬɟɠɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44. ɢ 45. ɡɚɤɨɧɚ, ɭ ɪɨɤɭ ɨɞ ɬɪɢ ɞɚɧɚ ɨɞ ɞɚɧɚ
ɞɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɚ ɪɟɲɟʃɚ ɨ ɭɬɜɪɻɟɧɨʁ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɡɪɟɱɟɧɨʁ ɦɟɪɢ.

ɒɤɨɥɫɤɢ ɨɞɛɨɪ ɪɟɲɚɜɚ ɩɨ ɠɚɥɛɢ ɭ ɪɨɤɭ ɨɞ 15 ɞɚɧɚ ɨɞ ɞɚɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɚ. ɀɚɥɛɚ

ɨɞɥɚɠɟ ɢɡɜɪɲɟʃɟ ɪɟɲɟʃɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ.

ɉɪɨɬɢɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɨɝ ɪɟɲɟʃɚ ɨ ɢɡɪɟɱɟɧɨʁ ɦɟɪɢ ɢɫɤʂɭɱɟʃɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞʃɟ

ɲɤɨɥɟ ɢɥɢ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫɚ ɞɨɦɨɦ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤ, ʃɟɝɨɜ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂ ɢɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ
ɫɭɞɫɤɭ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɭ.

ɉɨɫɥɨɜɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢʁɫɤɨɝ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ

Ɇɟɻɭ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɦɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɨɝ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɭ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɢ ɱɥɚɧɨɦ 147. ɁɈɋɈȼ-ɚ,

ɩɪɟɞɜɢɻɟɧɨ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ „ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢʁɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɢɬɭʁɟ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɟ ɨɜɨɝ ɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨɝ
ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚ ɞɨɧɟɬɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ʃɢɯ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɭɜɢɞɨɦ ɭ ɪɚɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɧɨ
ɨɞ ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɚ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ, ɢɡɪɢɱɭ ɦɟɪɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɲɟ ʃɢɯɨɜɨ ɢɡɜɪɲɟʃɟ”. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɭ ɪɚɞɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɪɲɢ ɢ ɭ ɩɨɝɥɟɞɭ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɢɜɚʃɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ
ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɧɚɫɢʂɚ, ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɚ, ɡɚɧɟɦɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɱɤɨɝ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɚʃɚ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ.

Ɉɜɥɚɲʄɟʃɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɨɝ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɪɚɞɚ

ɂɧɫɩɟɤɰɢʁɫɤɢ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɫɟ ɨɛɚɜʂɚ ɤɚɨ ɪɟɞɨɜɚɧ, ɜɚɧɪɟɞɧɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɧɢ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ.

Ɋɟɞɨɜɚɧ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɚɜʂɚ ɫɟ ɧɚʁɦɚʃɟ ʁɟɞɚɧɩɭɬ ɝɨɞɢɲʃɟ.

ȼɚɧɪɟɞɧɢ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɚɜʂɚ ɫɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ, ɩɪɢɜɪɟɞɧɢɯ

ɞɪɭɲɬɚɜɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢʁɚ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɚɻɚɧɚ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɨɝ ɫɚɡɧɚʃɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɨɝ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɚ.
ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɚɧɨɧɢɦɧɚ ɢɥɢ ʁɟ ɞɨɛɢʁɟɧɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɲɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ
ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɨɝ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢ ɨɞ ʃɟɝɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɟ.

ɇɚɤɨɧ ɢɡɜɪɲɟɧɨɝ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢʁɫɤɨɝ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɚɥɨɠɢ

ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɚɤɚ ɭ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɨɦ ɪɨɤɭ, ɚ ɭɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɦɟɪɚ
ɧɟ ɫɩɪɨɜɟɞɟ ɞɨɧɨɫɢ ɫɟ ɪɟɲɟʃɟ ɤɨʁɢɦ ɫɟ ɧɚɪɟɻɭʁɟ ɢɡɜɪɲɟʃɟ ɦɟɪɟ. Ɍɚɤɨɻɟ, ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɢ
ɪɟɲɟʃɟɦ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɟ ɪɚɞʃɢ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ɫɭɩɪɨɬɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ. ɍʁɟɞɧɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɩɨɞɧɨɫɢ
ɩɪɢʁɚɜɭ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɡɚ ɭɱɢʃɟɧɨ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨ ɞɟɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɪɟɞɧɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩ, ɡɚɯɬɟɜ ɡɚ
ɩɨɤɪɟɬɚʃɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɲɚʁɧɨɝ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44. ɞɨ 46. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ.

ɉɨɫɥɨɜɟ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢʁɫɤɨɝ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ɧɚɞ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɟɦ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ „ɞɪɭɝɢɯ

ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚ ɞɨɧɟɬɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ʃɢɯ“ ɜɪɲɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪ (ɱɥɚɧ 147 ɁɈɋɈȼ-ɚ)
ɤɨʁɢ, ɢɡɦɟɻɭ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɝ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɲɟ „ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɢɜɚʃɟ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ

15
ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɧɚɫɢʂɚ, ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɚ, ɡɚɧɟɦɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɱɤɨɝ ɞɟɥɨɜɚʃɚ ɭ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ“. ɂɧɫɩɟɤɰɢʁɫɤɢ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ʁɟ ɪɟɞɨɜɚɧ, ɜɚɧɪɟɞɚɧ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɚɧ (ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ).
Ɉɜɥɚɲʄɟʃɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢɯ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɭ ɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɧɭ ɨɞ ɧɚɥɚɝɚʃɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɧɢɤɨɦ
ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɟ ɭɬɜɪɻɟɧɢɯ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɚɤɚ ɭ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɨɦ ɪɨɤɭ, ɩɪɟɤɨ ɧɚɪɟɻɢɜɚʃɚ
ɢɡɜɪɲɚɜɚʃɚ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɤɨʁɚ ʁɟ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɧɢɤɨɦ, ɚ ɧɢʁɟ ɢɡɜɪɲɟɧɚ; ɞɨɧɨɲɟʃɚ
ɪɟɲɟʃɚ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɡɚɛɪɚʃɭʁɭ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɟ ɪɚɞʃɟ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɧɨɲɟʃɚ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɡɚ
ɭɱɢʃɟɧɨ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨ ɞɟɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɪɟɞɧɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩ, ɡɚɯɬɟɜ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɪɟɬɚʃɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɲɚʁɧɨɝ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɭ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɱɥ. 44. ɞɨ 46. ɨɜɨɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ. ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ,
ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪ ɨɛɚɜɟɲɬɚɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɢɦɚʃɟ ɦɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ ɬɚʁ ɨɪɝɚɧ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɧ. Ⱥɤɨ ɨɜɚ ɨɜɥɚɲʄɟʃɚ ɫɚɝɥɟɞɚɦɨ ɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɭ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ
ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɪɟɚɝɭʁɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɚɤɭ ɩɪɚɤɫɭ ɤɨʁɚ ʁɚɫɧɨ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɱɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɦɨɝɭʄɚɜɚ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɞɚ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤɟ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɜɚʁɭ,
ɨɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɚɜɚʁɭ, ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɢɲɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɞɜɚʁɚʁɭ ɥɢɰɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɝɪɭɩɟ ɥɢɰɚ.
ɍ ɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɡɧɚɱɚʁɧɚ ʁɟ ɢ ɭɥɨɝɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢɯ ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɤɚ – ɤɨʁɢ ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ
ɲɤɨɥɫɤɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɭʁɭ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɚɧ ɭɜɢɞ ɭ ɪɚɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɞɨɦɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ,
ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚ, ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚɱɚ, ɫɬɪɭɱɧɨɝ ɫɚɪɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɭɠɚʁɭ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɭ ɩɨɦɨʄ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ „ɭ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɢɜɚʃɭ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɞɟɰɟ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ,
ɧɚɫɢʂɚ, ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɚ...“ ɫɚ ʁɟɞɧɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɠɭ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɢɦɚ „ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚ
ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨɫɬɢ“, ɫɚ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ.
Ʉɨɧɚɱɧɨ, ɚɥɢ ɧɟ ɢ ɧɚʁɦɚʃɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɰɢ
ɫɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɢ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɧɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɫɬɚɥɧɨ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɨ ɭɫɚɜɪɲɚɜɚʁɭ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦ ɢ ɨɛɥɢɤɟ ɭɫɚɜɪɲɚɜɚʃɚ
ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢɯ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɭɜɟɪɟʃɚ ɨ ɫɚɜɥɚɞɚɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭ, ɢɬɞ. ɩɪɨɩɢɫɭʁɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɢ
ɦɢɧɢɫɬɚɪ.

16
ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɨ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɭ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ

17
18
 ɍɜɨɞ

ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ʁɟ ɧɚɦɟʃɟɧ ɫɜɢɦ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɝ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚ ɭ ɰɢʂɭ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɢ

ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɭɧɚɩɪɟɻɢɜɚʃɭ ɪɚɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢʁɚʃɭ ɢ
ɧɟɝɨɜɚʃɭ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ.
Ʉɚɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɟɰɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɤɚɨ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɰɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɝ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɬɪɟɛɚ ɢɦɚɬɢ ɧɚ
ɭɦɭ ɞɚ ʁɟ ɡɚ ʃɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɞɭɝɨɬɪɚʁɚɧ ʁɟɪ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɧɨ ɬɪɚʁɟ
ɞɜɚɞɟɫɟɬ ɝɨɞɢɧɚ. Ⱦɪɭɝɨ ɲɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɢɦɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɭɦɭ ʁɟɫɬɟ ɞɚ ʁɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚ ɜɟɡɚɧ ɡɚ
ɧɚʁɪɚʃɢɜɢʁɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɰɚ ɢ ɞɚ ɧɟɩɨɜɨʂɢ ɞɨɝɚɻɚʁɢ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɬɚɜɚ ɭ ɬɨɦ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɭ ɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʁɭ ɞɭɝɨɬɪɚʁɧɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɡɢɜɧɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɢɰɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɨʁ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɰɚ, ɤɚɨ
ɢ ɧɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬ ʃɟɝɨɜɨɝ ɤɚɫɧɢʁɟɝ ɭɤʂɭɱɢɜɚʃɚ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɟ.
ɉɨɫɟɛɧɨ ʁɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɡɧɚɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɪɟɱɢɬɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ, ʁɟɪ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɨɫɬ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɢ ɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɚ ɨɫɨɛɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɭɬɢɱɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɜɚɪʃɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɫɥɢɤɟ ɨ
ɫɨɩɫɬɜɟɧɨʁ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬʁ. ɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɦɨ ɤɚɨ ʂɭɞɫɤɨ ɛɢʄɟ ɜɪɟɞɧɢ ɢ ɨɞɪɚɠɚɜɚ ɫɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɨʁ
ɧɢɫɤɨɝ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɲɬɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɭɡɞɚʃɚ.
ɍ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɨɦ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɦɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ, ɞɪɠɚɜɚ ʁɟ ɞɭɠɧɚ ɞɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢ ɞɟɰɭ ɨɞ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɬɨ:

1. ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɟɦ ɭɫɤɪɚʄɢɜɚʃɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ

2. ɫɬɜɚɪɚʃɟɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚ ɤɜɚɥɢɬɟɬɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ (ɩɪɟɩɨɡɧɚʁɭ ɫɟ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʁɭ ɫɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɟ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ)
3. ɩɪɟɞɭɡɢɦɚʃɟ ɦɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɟ ɪɚɧɨɝ ɧɚɩɭɲɬɚʃɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ
4. ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɟɦ ɛɢɥɨ ɤɨɝ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɢɡɨɥɚɰɢʁɟ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɝ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚ ɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ
ɨɞɪɚɫɥɢɯ
5. ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɟɦ ɛɢɥɨ ɤɨɝ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɢɡɨɥɚɰɢʁɟ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɝ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚ ɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ
ɜɪɲʃɚɤɚ

Ɂɛɨɝ ɫɜɟɝɚ ɬɨɝɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɞɚ ɧɟɝɭʁɭ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɭ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɦɟɻɭɫɨɛɧɨɝ
ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɨɩɯɨɻɟʃɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɦɟʁɭ ɞɚ ɬɨɥɟɪɢɲɭ ɤɥɢɦɭ ɤɨʁɚ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɱɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ
ɢ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɭ ɧɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬʂɢɜɨɝ ʁɟɡɢɤɚ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɰɢɪɚʃɚ, ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɦɛɨɥɚ ɡɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚ ɞɚ ɲɢɪɟ ɩɨɞɫɦɟɯ, ɦɪɠʃɭ, ɩɪɟɡɢɪ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɚɫɟ, ɛɨʁɟ
ɤɨɠɟ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɝ ɩɨɪɟɤɥɚ, ɝɨɞɢɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ, ɜɟɪɨɢɫɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ, ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ, ɛɪɚɱɧɨɝ ɫɬɚʃɚ,
ɩɨɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɚ, ɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɦɨɝɭ ɛɢɬɢ ɢɡɜɨɪ ɧɚɫɬɚɧɤɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

19
 Ɂɧɚɱɟʃɟ ɩɨʁɦɨɜɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ

ɋɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɢ ɫɟ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɲɭ ɤɚɨ: ɭɨɩɲɬɟɧɟ, ɭɩɪɨɲʄɟɧɟ ɢ ɤɪɭɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɟ ɨ ɨɫɨɛɢɧɚɦɚ

ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɧɟɤɟ ɝɪɭɩɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɧɨɫɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟʃɭʁɭ ɧɚ ɫɜɚɤɨɝ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɰɚ ɢɡ ɝɪɭɩɟ. Ɍɨ
ɫɭ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɟ, ɟɬɢɤɟɬɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ ɡɚɫɧɢɜɚʁɭ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɨɬɩɭɧɨɦ ɡɚɤʂɭɱɢɜɚʃɭ
ɢ ɧɟɞɨɜɨʂɧɨɦ ɢɫɤɭɫɬɜɭ (ɬɚɤɨ ɞɚ ɫɚɞɪɠɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɞɟɨ ɢɫɬɢɧɟ) ɢ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢʁɭ
ɫɧɚɥɚɠɟʃɚ, ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɢɫɚʃɚ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɭ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɫɭ ɡɚ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢʁɭ (ɧɟɩɨɬɩɭɧɭ ɢ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɭ).
ɉɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɟ ɫɟ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɲɭ ɤɚɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɟ ɜɪɫɬɟ ɫɬɚɜɨɜɚ, ɤɚɨ ɪɟɥɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɪɚʁɚɧ ɢ
ɫɭɛʁɟɤɬɢɜɚɧ, ɥɢɱɧɢ (ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɚɧ) ɨɞɧɨɫ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɨɛʁɟɤɬɢɦɚ, ɝɪɭɩɚɦɚ,
ɧɚɪɨɞɢɦɚ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɦ ɦɚʃɢɧɚɦɚ, ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɰɢɦɚ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɚɦɚ ɤɨʁɢ: ɧɢʁɟ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɚɧ
ɧɚ ɱɢʃɟɧɢɰɚɦɚ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɤɢɦ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɦɚ; ɨɬɩɨɪɚɧ ʁɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɟ; ɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɟ ʁɚɤ
ɟɦɨɬɢɜɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɫ.
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ – ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɫɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ ʁɟ ɫɜɚɤɨ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ ɩɪɚɜʂɟʃɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟʁɟɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɲɬɚʃɟ (ɢɫɤʂɭɱɢɜɚʃɟ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɚɜɚʃɟ
ɢɥɢ ɞɚɜɚʃɟ ɩɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ), ɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɭ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɟ ɤɚɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɱɥɚɧɨɜɟ ʃɢɯɨɜɢɯ
ɩɨɪɨɞɢɰɚ, ɢɥɢ ʃɢɦɚ ɛɥɢɫɤɚ ɥɢɰɚ, ɧɚ ɨɬɜɨɪɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɤɪɢɜɟɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ, ɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɟ ɡɚɫɧɢɜɚ
ɧɚ ɪɚɫɢ, ɛɨʁɢ ɤɨɠɟ, ɩɪɟɰɢɦɚ, ɞɪɠɚɜʂɚɧɫɬɜɭ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨʁ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɟɬɧɢɱɤɨɦ
ɩɨɪɟɤɥɭ, ʁɟɡɢɤɭ, ɜɟɪɫɤɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɤɢɦ ɭɛɟɻɟʃɢɦɚ, ɩɨɥɭ, ɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɬɟɬɭ,
ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɨʁ ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɢ, ɢɦɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɬɚʃɭ, ɪɨɻɟʃɭ, ɝɟɧɟɬɫɤɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɢɧɚɦɚ, ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨɦ
ɫɬɚʃɭ, ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɭ, ɛɪɚɱɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɭ, ɨɫɭɻɢɜɚɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɚɪɨɫɧɨɦ ɞɨɛɭ,
ɢɡɝɥɟɞɭ, ɱɥɚɧɫɬɜɭ ɭ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɤɢɦ, ɫɢɧɞɢɤɚɥɧɢɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢʁɚɦɚɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ
ɫɬɜɚɪɧɢɦ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɬɩɨɫɬɚɜʂɟɧɢɦ ɥɢɱɧɢɦ ɫɜɨʁɫɬɜɢɦɚ.
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ = "ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɚ ɭ ɚɤɰɢʁɢ"

Ⱦɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢɬɢ:

x ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɚ - ɢɫɩɨʂɚɜɚ ɫɟ ɤɪɨɡ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɞɟɥɨɜɚʃɟ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɰɚ (ɧɩɪ.
ɭɱɢɬɟʂɢɰɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɧɟʁɟɞɧɚɤɨ ɬɪɟɬɢɪɚ ɪɨɦɫɤɭ ɢ ɧɟɪɨɦɫɤɭ ɞɟɰɭ)
x ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɚ - ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɢɥɚɡɟ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɢɯ,
ɟɤɨɧɨɦɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɤɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɠɚɧɚ ɫɭ ɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɬɢɯ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɚ (ɤɚɞɚ ɫɟ ɞɨɡɜɨʂɚɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɟ ɧɟ ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɚʁɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ
ɧɚɦɟʃɟɧɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɚ ɫɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɦ ɥɢɱɧɢɦ ɫɜɨʁɫɬɜɢɦɚ, ɧɩɪ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ
ɫɚɦɨ ɫɚ ɪɨɦɫɤɨɦ ɞɟɰɨɦ)
x ɋɜɟɫɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ - ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɚɦɚ ɨ
ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɦ ɝɪɭɩɚɦɚ (ɧɩɪ. ɡɛɨɝ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɟ ɨ ɥɢɱɧɨʁ ɯɢɝɢʁɟɧɢ ɪɨɦɫɤɟ ɞɟɰɟ
ɡɚɛɪɚʃɟɧɨ ɢɦ ʁɟ ɤɭɩɚʃɟ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɦ ɛɚɡɟɧɭ)
x ɇɟɫɜɟɫɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ - ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɫɤɨ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟ ɤɨʁɟɝ ɱɟɫɬɨ
ɧɢɫɦɨ ɫɜɟɫɧɢ ɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɜɚ ɧɚʁɛɨʂɢɦ ɧɚɦɟɪɚɦɚ (ɧɩɪ. ɮɨɪɦɢɪɚ ɫɟ
ɨɞɟʂɟʃɟ ɡɚ ɪɨɦɫɤɭ ɞɟɰɟ ɫɚ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚʃɟɦ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɦɟɻɭɫɨɛɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚʁɭ ɢ
ɛɨʂɟ ɫɩɨɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚʁɭ)
ɂɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ – ɩɪɨɦɨɜɢɲɟ ʁɟɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬ ɤɜɚɥɢɬɟɬɧɨɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɛɟɡ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɢɡɞɜɚʁɚʃɚ, ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɨɥɚ, ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ,
ɤɭɥɬɭɪɧɟ, ɟɬɧɢɱɤɟ, ɪɟɥɢɝɢʁɫɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɫɬɭ ɛɨɪɚɜɤɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɭ

20
ɩɪɟɛɢɜɚɥɢɲɬɚ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢʁɚɥɧɨɝ ɢɥɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨɝ ɫɬɚʃɚ, ɬɟɲɤɨʄɚ ɢ ɫɦɟɬʃɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ
ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɚ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ.
ɂɧɬɟɪɤɭɥɬɭɪɚɥɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɬɟɠɢ ɞɚ ɩɪɨɦɨɜɢɲɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢʁɟ ɛɨʂɟ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚʃɟ
ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚ ɭ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɭ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢʁɟ ɢɡɦɟɻɭ ʂɭɞɢ ɤɨʁɢ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɚʁɭ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɢɦ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚɦɚ, ɮɥɟɤɫɢɛɢɥɧɢʁɢ ɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɧɢɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɨɫɬɢɦɚ ɭ
ɞɪɭɲɬɜɭ, ɜɟʄɭ ɫɩɪɟɦɧɨɫɬ ʂɭɞɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɤʂɭɱɟ ɭ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɰɢʁɭ ɫɚ
ʂɭɞɢɦɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɝ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɧɨɝ ɩɨɪɟɤɥɚ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɡɧɚɜɚʃɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɨɞɥɢɤɚ ʂɭɞɫɤɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɤɚɨ ɧɟɱɟɝɚ ɲɬɨ ɢɦ ʁɟ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɱɤɨ.
Ɇɟɪɟ ɚɮɢɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɚɤɰɢʁɟ – ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚʁɭ ɧɢɡ ɦɟɪɚ ɱɢʁɢ ʁɟ ɰɢʂ ɨɫɧɚɠɢɜɚʃɟ
ɪɚʃɢɜɢɯ ɢ ɭ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɢ ɠɢɜɨɬ ɧɟɞɨɜɨʂɧɨ ɭɤʂɭɱɟɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ, ɪɚɞɢ ɩɨɫɬɢɡɚʃɚ ɩɭɧɟ
ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɟɬɤɚ ɥɢɰɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɝɪɭɩɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɤɨʁɚ ɫɟ ɧɚɥɚɡɟ ɭ
ɧɟʁɟɞɧɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɚʁɭ.
Ɉɫɟɬʂɢɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɟ – ɝɪɭɩɟ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ʁɟ ɡɚ ʁɟɞɧɚɤɟ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɲʄɚ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɭ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɟ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɚ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɚ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ. ɍ ɨɜɭ ɝɪɭɩɭ ɫɩɚɞɚʁɭ ɞɟɰɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɫɦɟɬʃɟ ɭ
ɚ) ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬ; ɛ) ɠɢɜɟ ɭ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɨ - ɟɤɨɧɨɦɫɤɢ ɧɟɫɬɢɦɭɥɚɬɢɜɧɨʁ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɢ;
ɰ) ɢɦɚʁɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɟɲɤɨʄɚ ɭ ɭɱɟʃɭ.

21
 ɉɊȺȼȺ ɂ ɈȻȺȼȿɁȿ

Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ

x ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɞɚ ɨɫɢɝɭɪɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɧɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɟ ɡɚ ɫɢɝɭɪɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɫɦɟɬɚɧɨ ɨɞɜɢʁɚʃɟ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɝ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ

x ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɞɚ ʃɟɝɭʁɟ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɭ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɦɟɻɭɫɨɛɧɨɝ ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʃɚ ɢ

ɨɩɯɨɻɟʃɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɧɟʄɟ ɬɨɥɟɪɢɫɚɬɢ ɤɥɢɦɭ ɤɨʁɚ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɱɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ ɢ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɭ ɧɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬʂɢɜɨɝ ʁɟɡɢɤɚ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɰɢɪɚʃɚ, ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɦɛɨɥɚ ɡɚ
ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚ ɞɚ ɲɢɪɟ ɦɪɠʃɭ, ɩɪɟɡɢɪ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɚɫɟ,
ɛɨʁɟ ɤɨɠɟ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɝ ɩɨɪɟɤɥɚ, ɝɨɞɢɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ, ɜɟɪɨɢɫɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ, ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ,
ɛɪɚɱɧɨɝ ɫɬɚʃɚ, ɩɨɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɚ, ɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɦɨɝɭ ɛɢɬɢ ɢɡɜɨɪ ɧɚɫɬɚɧɤɚ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ

x Ⱦɟɰɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɤɜɚɥɢɬɟɬɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ, ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ

ɩɨɧɭɻɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ, ɤɨʁɟ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɞɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɟ ɫɜɚ ɞɟɰɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɬɚɤɨ ɞɚ
ɡɚɞɨɜɨʂɚɜɚʁɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɟ, ɢɦɚʁɭ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭʁɭ ɢ ɛɨɪɚɜɟ ɭ
ɫɢɝɭɪɧɨʁ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɢ.

x Ⱦɟɰɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɭ ɞɚ ɭɱɟɫɬɜɭʁɭ ɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɢ ɩɨɲɬɭʁɭ

ɩɪɚɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɢɯ.

ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ

x ɇɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤ/ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚɱ ɢɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɲɬɨɜɚʃɟ ɢ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɫɜɢɯ ɫɚɪɚɞɧɢɤɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɟ

ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ/ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɚ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ

x ɇɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤ/ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚɱ ɢɦɚ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬ ɞɚ ɨɛɚɜʂɚ ɨɛɪɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢ ɪɚɞ

ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ, ɧɚ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɤɨʁɢ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ
ɩɨɲɬɭʁɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨʁɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɢɯ.

ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ/ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɚ

x Ɋɨɞɢɬɟʂɢ/ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɢ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɚʃɟ ɭ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚʃɭ ɢ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɭ

ɫɜɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ɫɚɫɬɚɜɧɢ ɞɟɨ ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ ɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɭ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ

x Ɋɨɞɢɬɟʂɢ/ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɢ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɭ ɞɚ ɤɨɞ ɫɜɨɝ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɪɚɡɜɢʁɚʁɭ ɨɫɟʄɚʁ

ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɲɬɨɜɚʃɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɨʁ ɥɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɡɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟɦ ɢ ɢɡɛɨɪɨɦ ɡɚɧɢɦɚʃɚ

22
ɉɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ

x Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɢɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɞɚ ɨɱɟɤɭʁɟ ɢ ɡɚɯɬɟɜɚ ɨɞ ɫɜɢɯ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-

ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨɝ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚ ɞɚ ɩɨɲɬɭʁɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ ɨ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɭ ɢ
ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

x Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɢɦɚ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɭ ɞɚ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɟ ɡɚ ɫɬɜɚɪɚʃɟ ɢ ɨɞɪɠɚɜɚʃɟ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɟ

ɤɥɢɦɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ, ɭ ɤɨʁɨʁ ʄɟ ɫɟ ɩɨɲɬɢɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɜɢɯ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɭ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ.

23
 ɉɊȿȼȿɇɐɂȳȺ ɂ ɂɇɌȿɊȼȿɇɐɂȳȺ ɍ ɋɅɍɑȺȳɍ ȾɂɋɄɊɂɆɂɇȺɐɂȳȿ

ɉɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ

ɇɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ

ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɬɧɨ.
ɉɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɤɪɟɢɪɚ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɫɬɚʃɚ ɢ
ɭɜɢɞɨɦ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɫɜɨʁɨʁ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɢ; ɭɱɟɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɚ ɢ ɛɪɨʁɚ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɚ; ɡɚɫɬɭɩʂɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɢɯ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɢ
ɜɢɞɨɜɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.
ɉɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɢɧɢ ɧɢɡ ɦɟɪɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɰɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɝ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚ, ɚ ɞɨɩɪɢɧɨɫɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨʁ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɪɚɡɜɢʁɚ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɰɢʁɚ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɨɫɬɢ, ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚ ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.
ɍ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɟ ɡɚ
ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.
ɍ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ ɫɬɜɚɪɚʃɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɟ ɦɟɪɚ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ʁɟ ɞɭɠɧɚ ɞɚ:
x ɍɩɨɡɧɚ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɟ, ɞɟɰɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɟ ɫɚ ɩɨʁɦɨɦ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɜɢɞɨɜɢɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ
ɢ ɦɟɪɚɦɚ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɲɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ (ɱɥ.
63. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ);
x ɋɬɚɬɭɬɨɦ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɭɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɞɢ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɢɜɚʃɚ
ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ (ɱɥ. 47.
Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ) ɢ ɨɞɪɟɞɢ ɭɥɨɝɟ, ɡɚɞɚɬɤɟ ɢ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ;
x Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɚ ɬɢɦ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɚ ɧɟɤɨɦ ɨɞ
ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟʄɢɯ ɬɢɦɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɲɢɪɢ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬ ɭ ɫɦɟɪɭ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɚ
ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ (ɱɥ. 66. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ);
x ɍɫɤɥɚɞɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟʄɚ ɩɨɞɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɚ ɚɤɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɭ ɰɢʂɭ ɡɚɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ
ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ, ɦɟɻɭɫɨɛɧɨɝ ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɨɩɯɨɻɟʃɚ ɢ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ
ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɬɨɥɟɪɢɲɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɱɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ, ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɭ
ɧɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬʂɢɜɨɝ ʁɟɡɢɤɚ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɰɢɪɚʃɚ, ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɦɛɨɥɚ ɡɚ ɤɨʁɟ
ɫɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚ ɞɚ ɲɢɪɟ ɩɨɞɫɦɟɯ, ɦɪɠʃɭ, ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɟ….

x ɍ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ ʁɟ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɫɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɨʁɚ

ɞɨɩɪɢɧɨɫɟ ɫɬɚɜɚɪɚʃɭ ɩɪɢʁɚɬɧɟ ɢ ɛɟɡɛɟɞɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ
ɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɚʃɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨʁɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɚɧ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɪɟɤɬɚɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɲɬɢɬɟ
ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ (ɱɥ. 43. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ);
x ɍ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɨɝ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ, ɤɪɨɡ ɧɚɱɢɧɟ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ,
ɰɢʂɟɜɚ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɞɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ
ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɡɚ
ɞɟɰɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ, ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ, ɛɨɥɟɫɧɢɯ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɪɩɫɤɢ ɧɢʁɟ ɦɚɬɟɪʃɢ ɢ ɫɥ. ɢ ɤɚɤɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ
ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɭʁɟ ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢʁɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɪɟɤɚ (ɱɥ. 76.
Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ);

24
 x Ⱦɚ ɫɚɱɢɧɢ ɩɥɚɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɤɚɨ
ɞɟɨ ɝɨɞɢɲʃɟɝ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɪɚɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ

x ɍ ɫɚɜɟɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨ ɭɤʂɭɱɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɯ

ɦɚʃɢɧɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɟɬɧɢɱɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ ɞɟɰɟ ɫɚ
ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ (ɱɥ. 58. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ)

x Ⱦɟɮɢɧɢɲɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɟ ɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɟ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɜɚʁɭ,

ɨɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɚɜɚʁɭ, ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɢɲɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɞɜɚʁɚʁɭ ɥɢɰɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɝɪɭɩɟ
ɥɢɰɚ; ɩɪɭɠɚʃɚ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɟ ɩɨɦɨʄɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚʃɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚ ɪɟɲɚɜɚʃɚ
ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɚɥɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
x Ɋɚɡɜɢʁɚ ɢ ɧɟɝɭʁɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɭ
ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ;
x ɍɤʂɭɱɢ ɞɟɰɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ, ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɟ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɟ ɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨʁɟ
ɩɪɨɦɨɜɢɲɭ ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʃɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɨɫɬɢ;
x Ⱦɟɮɢɧɢɲɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɟ, ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟ ɭ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɚɦɚ ɫɭɦʃɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɚʃɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ;
x Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɭʁɟ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ, ɬɪɢɛɢɧe, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜe ɢ ɫɥ. ɨ ɪɚɡɜɢʁɚʃɭ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ
ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ, ɦɟɻɭɫɨɛɧɨɝ ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɨɩɯɨɻɟʃɚ ɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢ
ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

ɂɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɬɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ

ɂɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɬɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɢɧɟ ɧɢɡ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɢɦɚʁɭ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɰɢ

ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɝ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨʁ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ.

Ʉɚɞɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɦɨ ɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɰɢʁɢ, ɜɚɠɧɨ ʁɟ ɭɡɟɬɢ ɭ ɨɛɡɢɪ ɞɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ɢɦɚ

ɪɚɡɥɢɰɢɬɟ ɨɛɥɢɤɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨʂɚɜɚʃɚ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬ ɢɧɟɡɢɬɟɬ ɢ ɬɪɚʁɚʃɟ.
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢɬɢ ɥɚɤɨ ɭɨɱʂɢɜɚ ɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢɬɢ ɢ ɫɤɪɢɜɟɧɚ, ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢɬɢ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɚ, ɫɜɟɫɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɜɟɫɧɚ. ɍ ɨɞɧɨɫɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨ,
ɫɜɚɤɚɤɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɰɢ ɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɰɢʁɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɚɜɚʁɭ. ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ʁɟɞɧɨ ʁɟ ɤɚɞɚ
ɭɬɜɪɞɢɦɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɞɟɬɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɛɟɡ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨɝ ɪɚɡɥɨɝɚ ɜɟʄ ɜɢɲɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɚ ɧɚɥɚɡɢ ɭ
ɫɩɟɰɢʁɚɥɧɨɦ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɭ, ɛɟɡ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɟɧɟɦɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɢ
ɩɪɢɩɪɟɦɟ ɡɚ ɜɪɚʄɚʃɟ ɭ ɪɟɞɨɜɚɧ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɨ ʁɟ ɤɚɞɚ ɭɬɜɪɞɢɦɨ ɞɚ ʁɟ ɧɟɤɨ
ɞɟɬɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɩɨɞɫɦɟɯɭ, ɜɪɟɻɚʃɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɟ ɩɨ ɛɢɥɨ ɤɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɢɡɞɜɚʁɚ.

25
 ɍ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɬɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɤɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɝ
ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɦɟɻɭ ɞɟɰɨɦ/ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɭ ɧɚ ɞɟɬɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ:

¾ ɋɜɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɫɭ ɞɭɠɧɢ:

x ɞɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɟɪɢɲɭ ɧɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬʂɢɜɨ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɰɢɪɚʃɟ, ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɦɛɨɥɟ ɡɚ ɤɨʁɟ

ɫɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚ ɞɚ ɲɢɪɟ ɩɨɞɫɦɟɯ, ɦɪɠʃɭ, ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɭɞɟ ɢ ɫɥ, ɬɟ ɞɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ
ɪɟɚɝɭʁɭ;
x ɞɚ ɩɪɭɠɟ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɭ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɤɨʁɢ ʁɟ ɞɨɠɢɜɟɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ;
x ɞɚ ɨɛɚɜɟɫɬɟ ɨ ɞɨɝɚɻɚʁɭ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨ ɥɢɰɟ - ɪɚɡɪɟɞɧɨɝ ɫɬɚɪɟɲɢɧɭ, ɫɬɪɭɱɧɨɝ
ɫɚɪɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɲɤɨɥɟ.

¾ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɨ ɫɚ Ɍɢɦɨɦ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭɬɜɪɻɭʁɟ

ɢɫɩɨʂɚɜɚʃɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɱɢʃɟɧɢɰɚ ɢ
ɨɞɥɭɱɭʁɟ ɨ ɞɚʂɢɦ ɤɨɪɚɰɢɦɚ.

¾ Ɍɢɦ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢɦɚ ɡɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɞɚ:

x ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɱɢʃɟɧɢɰɟ ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɧɟɞɜɨɫɦɢɫɥɟɧɨ ɞɨɲɥɨ ɞɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɨ

ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɫɭɦʃɚ ɧɚ ʃɭ;
x ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɧɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɫɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢɫɩɨʂɚɜɚ, ɝɞɟ, ɢ ɭ ɤɨʁɢɦ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɚɦɚ ɫɟ
ɞɟɲɚɜɚ
x ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɤɨ ɫɭ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɰɢ/ɚɤɬɟɪɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ
x ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɤɨʁɢ ʁɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɡɢɬɟɬ ɢ ɜɢɞ ɢɫɩɨʂɚɜɚʃɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.
x ɭɪɚɞɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɦɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɪɟɲɚɜɚʃɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɢ
ɟɥɢɦɢɧɢɫɚʃɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ;
x ɞɨɫɬɚɜɢ ɫɜɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɝ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɭ.

¾ Ⱥɤɨ ʁɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ɢɫɩɨʂɟɧɚ ɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɭ ɞɟɬɟ-ɞɟɬɟ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ:

x ɩɪɭɠɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɞɟɰɢ/ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɬɪɩɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ;

x ɨɛɚɜɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɪɚɞ ɫɚ ɞɟɰɨɦ/ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɭ ɜɪɲɢɥɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ;
x ɪɚɞɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɚɠɢɜɚʃɭ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɨɜɚʃɟ ɭ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɚɦɚ
ɤɚɞɚ ɫɭ ɫɜɟɞɨɰɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ;
x ɭɤʂɭɱɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɟ ɭ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɱɤɟ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɫɚ ɞɟɰɨɦ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɦ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɰɢɦɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ;

¾ Ⱥɤɨ ʁɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ɢɫɩɨʂɟɧɚ ɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɭ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɢ-ɞɟɬɟ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ:

x ɩɪɭɠɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɞɟɰɢ/ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɬɪɩɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ;

x ɯɢɬɧɨ ɩɨɤɪɟɧɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɨɝ;
x ɪɚɞɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɚɠɢɜɚʃɭ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɨɜɚʃɟ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ
ɤɚɞɚ ɫɭ ɫɜɟɞɨɰɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ;
x ɫɚɪɚɻɭʁɟ ɢ ɫɚ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɢɦ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɦɨɝɭ ɩɨɦɨʄɢ ɭ ɪɟɲɚɜɚʃɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ.

26
 ɉɊɈɐȿȾɍɊȺ ɊȿȺȽɈȼȺȵȺ ɍ ɋɅɍɑȺȳɍ ȾɂɋɄɊɂɆɂɇȺɐɂȳȿ

Ʉɚɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɬɤɪɢʁɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɟɬɟɬɨɦ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ

x ɋɚɡɧɚʃɟ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɢɜɚʃɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ʁɟ ɩɪɜɢ ɤɨɪɚɤ ɭ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ

ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

x ɉɪɟɤɢɞɚʃɟ, ɡɚɭɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɟ - Ɉɞɦɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɬɢ ɦɟɪɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɡɚɭɫɬɚɜɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɢɧɟ

ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ, ɚ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɟ
ɡɚɬɪɚɠɢɬɢ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ
ɩɨɡɜɚɬɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɭ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɭ.

x ɉɨ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɢ ɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɢ ɲɬɨ ɯɢɬɧɢʁɟ ɩɪɭɠɢɬɢ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɭ

ɞɟɬɟɬɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɤɨʁɢ ɞɨɠɢɜʂɚɜɚ ɢɥɢ ʁɟ ɪɚɧɢʁɟ ɛɢɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɢ,
ɡɚɬɢɦ ɨɛɚɜɢɬɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ ɫ ɞɟɬɟɬɨɦ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ ɠɪɬɜɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʁɭʄɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɩɚɠʂɢɜɨ, ɩɨɲɬɭʁɭʄɢ ɞɟɬɟɬɨɜɨ ɞɨɫɬɨʁɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɭɠɚʁɭʄɢ
ɦɭ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɭ.

x Ɋɨɞɢɬɟʂɟ, ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɟ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ ɠɪɬɜɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɫɬɢɬɢ ɨ

ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɢ ɭ ɤɨʁɨʁ ɫɟ ɞɟɬɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɧɚɥɚɡɢ ɢ ɨ ɦɨɝɭʄɢɦ ɨɛɥɢɰɢɦɚ ɫɚɜɟɬɨɞɚɜɧɟ ɢ
ɫɬɪɭɱɧɟ ɩɨɦɨʄɢ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨʁ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɢ ɢɡɜɚɧ ʃɟ, ɚ ɫ
ɰɢʂɟɦ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɠɢɜɚʃɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ ɩɪɟɜɚɡɢɥɚɠɟʃɭ ɬɪɚɭɦɚɬɫɤɨɝ
ɞɨɠɢɜʂɚʁɚ.

x Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɬɚɰɢʁɟ - ɩɪɢɤɭɩɢɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢʁɟ ɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɢ ɢ ɭɬɜɪɞɢɬɢ ɫɜɟ

ɨɤɨɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɡɚɧɟ ɭɡ ɨɛɥɢɤ, ɢɧɬɟɧɡɢɬɟɬ, ɬɟɠɢɧɭ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɫɤɨ ɬɪɚʁɚʃɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ
ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ. Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɬɚɰɢʁɟ ɫɭ ɜɚɠɧɟ ɞɚ ɛɢ ɫɟ ɢɡɛɟɝɥɚ
ɤɨɧɮɭɡɢʁɚ ɢ ɫɩɪɟɱɢɥɟ ɧɟɭɫɚɝɥɚɲɟɧɟ ɚɤɰɢʁɟ, ɤɨʁɟ ɦɨɝɭ ɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɩɨɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨɠɢɜʂɚɜɚʃɭ ɢɫɤɭɫɬɜɚ ɠɪɬɜɟ.

x ɂɡɪɚɞɢɬɢ ɞɟɬɚʂɚɧ, ɨɛʁɟɤɬɢɜɚɧ ɨɩɢɫ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɚ ɢ

ɬɭɦɚɱɟʃɚ, ɜɨɞɟʄɢ ɪɚɱɭɧɚ ɨ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɬɚ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɤɚ ɭ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ:

9 ɞɨɧɟɬɢ ɨɞɥɭɤɭ ɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɭ ɪɟɚɝɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɩɪɚʄɟʃɚ

9 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɢɬɢ ɧɢɜɨ ɪɢɡɢɤɚ
9 ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɢ ɩɥɚɧ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ

x ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɚ ɧɚɫɬɚɥɚ ɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɭ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɨɝ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ ɢɥɢ

ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ, ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɤɪɟʄɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɤ, ɞɨɧɨɫɢ
ɨɞɥɭɤɭ ɢ ɢɡɪɢɱɟ ɦɟɪɭ ɭ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɨɝ.

x ɋɦɢɪɢɜɚʃɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɟ - ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɟ ɪɚɞɢ ɨ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɬɟɲɤɨɦ ɨɛɥɢɤɭ,

ɢɧɬɟɧɡɢɬɟɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɞɭɠɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɫɤɨɦ ɬɪɚʁɚʃɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ
ɤɨʁɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɢɡɚɡɜɚɬɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɢɰɟ ɢ ɤɨɞ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɞɟɰɟ, ɤɨʁɚ ɫɭ ɛɢɥɚ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɚ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ ʁɟ ɩɨɫɚɜɟɬɨɜɚɬɢ ɫɟ ɫɚ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɦ ɪɚɞɢ
ɩɨɦɨʄɢ ɞɟɰɢ ɢ ɫɜɟɞɨɰɢɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

x ɒɬɨ ɯɢɬɧɢʁɟ ɡɚɩɨɱɟɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɪɚɞ ɫ ɞɟɬɟɬɨɦ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɫɤɢ

ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɨ; ɭɤɚɡɚɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬʂɢɜɨɫɬ ɢ ɲɬɟɬɧɨɫɬ ɬɚɤɜɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ,
ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɰɢɦɚ ɩɨɞɫɬɚʄɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɭ ɬɚɤɜɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ. ɉɪɟɞɭɡɟɬɢ ɫɜɟ

27
 ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚ ɩɨɦɢɪɟʃɟ ɢ ɫɬɜɚɪɚʃɟ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɝ, ɩɪɢʁɚɬɟʂɫɤɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɭ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨʁ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ;

x Ɉ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɬɢɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ, ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɢɦɚ, ɢɡʁɚɜɚɦɚ, ɫɜɨʁɢɦ ɡɚɩɚɠɚʃɢɦɚ

ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɟɧɟ ɡɚɛɟɥɟɲɤɟ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɟ ɟɜɢɞɟɧɰɢʁɟ
ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɚɤɚ ɤɨʁɟ ʄɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɬɟɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɬɟɥɢɦɚ;

x ɍ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɞɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ ɱɢɧɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɤɚ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɨɞɪɚɫɥɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ

ɢɡɜɚɧ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɲɤɨɥɚ ʁɟ ɞɭɠɧɚ ɞɚ ɨ ɬɨɦɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɟ, ɚ
ɞɚ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɠɪɬɜɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɩɪɭɠɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɭ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɭ
ɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɚɡɢɥɚɠɟʃɭ ɬɪɚɭɦɚɬɫɤɨɝ ɞɨɠɢɜʂɚʁɚ.

ȿɜɢɞɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɚɦɚ

Ⱦɚ ɛɢ ɫɟ ɨɫɢɝɭɪɚɥɚ ɟɮɢɤɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ

ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɜɨɭ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɢ ɜɨɻɟʃɟ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɟ ɟɜɢɞɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɫɜɨʁɨʁ
ɫɪɟɞɢɧɢ; ɭɱɟɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɚ ɢ ɛɪɨʁɚ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɚ; ɡɚɫɬɭɩʂɟɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɢɯ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɟ, ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɲɤɨɝ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɚ

Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɟ, ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɲɤɨɝ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɭɜɢɞɨɦ,

ɩɪɢɤɭɩʂɚʃɟɦ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɚʃɟɦ ɪɟɞɨɜɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɜɟɲɬɚʁɚ ɭ ɫɚɪɚɞʃɢ ɫɚ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɦ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɚɦɚ, ɩɪɚɬɢ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ, ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɢ
ɫɭɡɛɢʁɚʃɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɭ ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ ɨ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɭ ɭ
ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɟ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɞɟɲɚɜɚʁɭ ɢ ɩɨɧɚɜʂɚʁɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɰɢ, ɧɚ

ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ ɧɟ ɪɟɚɝɭʁɟ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ,
ɨɛɚɜɟɡɚ ɞɪɠɚɜɟ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɩɨ ɫɚɡɧɚʃɭ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɜɨʁɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɚ - ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢɯ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢɯ ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɤɚ, ɜɪɲɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɭ ɫɦɢɫɥɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɚɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɥɚ ɦɟɪɟ ɞɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɭʁɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨ
ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟ, ɫɩɪɟɱɢ ɞɚʂɟ ɜɪɲɟʃɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɟɜɟɧɬɭɚɥɧɭ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬ
ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ.

ɍ ɬɨɤɭ ɪɟɞɨɜɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɚ ɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɢ, ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɢ ɭɬɜɪɻɭʁɭ,

ɩɪɟ ɫɜɟɝɚ, ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɟ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɟ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ,
ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɞɚ ɥɢ ɫɭ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɟ ɧɨɪɦɟ
ɭɝɪɚɻɟɧɟ ɭ ɩɪɚɜɧɚ ɚɤɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ, ɬɟ ɞɚ ɥɢ ɫɟ ɩɪɢɥɢɤɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɢɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɜɟ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɟ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɢɦɟʃɭʁɭ. ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɟ
ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɧɟɤɢ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ, ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ
ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɚɥɚɠɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɨ ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɟ.

ɉɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɰɢ, ɭ ɰɢʂɭ ɤɜɚɥɢɬɟɬɧɢʁɟɝ ɨɛɚɜʂɚʃɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨɝ

ɪɚɞɚ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɭʁɭ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɚɧ ɭɜɢɞ ɭ ɪɚɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ, ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚ, ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚɱɚ, ɫɬɪɭɱɧɨɝ
ɫɚɪɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɩɪɚɬɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɚʁɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ,
ɫɚɜɟɬɭʁɭ ɢ ɩɪɭɠɚʁɭ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɭ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ (ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ, ɩɪɟɩɨɪɭɤɨɦ,

28
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɬɚɰɢʁɚɦɚ) ɭ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɢɜɚʃɭ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɨɞ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ. ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɟ ɭɬɜɪɞɢ ɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɧɟɤɢ ɨɛɥɢɤ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɚ, ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɤ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɡɢɦɚʃɟ ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɚɤɚ ɭ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɢ ɭɧɚɩɪɟɻɢɜɚʃɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨɝ ɪɚɞɚ ɢ ɪɨɤɨɜɟ ɡɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɨ
ɢɡɜɪɲɚɜɚʃɟ.

29
 ȼɨɞɢɱ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɟ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɟ ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɤɟ ɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ
ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɚ ɚɧɬɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ

ɉɪɟɞɥɨɝ ɜɪɲɟʃɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ

ɉɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɰɢ ɭɬɜɪɻɭʁɭ ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ

ɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɟ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɟ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ ɨɞ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɞɚ ɥɢ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ ɩɨʁɚɜɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨɝ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɢɦɚ
ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɟ ɦɟɪɟ.

ɉɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɧɢ ɫɚɜɟɬɧɢɰɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɲɭ ɫɥɟɞɟʄɟ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɢ

ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ:

Ʉɚɤɨ ʁɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ:

9 ɍɪɟɞɢɥɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɟ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ (ɱɥ. 47.

Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ); ɬɟ ɤɚɤɨ ʁɟ ɨɞɪɟɞɢɥɚ ɭɥɨɝɟ, ɡɚɞɚɬɤɟ ɢ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ
9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɫɬɚɬɭɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɤɢɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɚɤɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɫɚɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɪɚɞɚ ɢ ɞɨɧɨɲɟʃɚ
ɨɞɥɭɤɚ ɬɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.
9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɚɧ ɬɢɦ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ (ɚɤɨ ɧɢʁɟ ɧɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ
ʁɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɬɨ ɩɢɬɚʃɟ ɭɪɟɞɢɥɚ, ɤɨ ʁɟ ɡɚɞɭɠɟɧ..).
9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɚɧ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɢ ɬɢɦ ɡɚ ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ.

ɒɤɨɥɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ

9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɻɟɧ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ

ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.
9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɫɚɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɟ ɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɟ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ
ɭɝɪɨɠɚɜɚʁɭ, ɨɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɚɜɚʁɭ, ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɢɲɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɞɜɚʁɚʁɭ ɥɢɰɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɝɪɭɩɟ
ɥɢɰɚ.
9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɞɟɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɟ
ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ ɢ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɡɚ: ɞɟɰɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ,
ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɨɦ, ɛɨɥɟɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɞɟɰɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɪɩɫɤɢ ɧɢʁɟ ɦɚɬɟɪʃɢ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɝɚ.
9 Ʉɚɤɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɭʁɟ ɨɬɤɥɚʃɚʃɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢʁɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɪɟɤɚ.

Ƚɨɞɢɲʃɢ ɩɥɚɧ ɪɚɞɚ

9 ɉɥɚɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɨɝ ɬɢɦɚ ɡɚ

ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ
9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɨɧɨ ɲɬɨ ʁɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚɧɨ ɢ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɟɧɨ?

30
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ

9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɞɨɧɟɥɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ.

9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨʁ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢʁɚɥɧɨʁ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ

9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɞɟɨ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨʁ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ

9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɞɨɧɟɥɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɨʁ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ

ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ
9 ɉɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɥɢ ɞɟɨ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ.

ɂɡɛɨɪ ɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɚ

9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɫɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɚɜʂɚɧɨ ɨ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɦ

ɭʇɛɟɧɢɰɦɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɰɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ
ɫɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɦɚ.
Ⱦɨɤɚɡɢ: Ɂɚɩɢɫɧɢɰɢ ɫɚ ɫɚɫɬɚɧɚɤɚ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɢɯ ɜɟʄɟ ɡɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɞɚ ɥɢ ɫɭ
ɪɚɡɦɚɬɪɚɥɢ ɢ ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɝ; ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɝ ɪɚɡɦɚɬɪɚɨ ɫɚɜɟɬ
ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ; ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɱɤɢ ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬ ɞɚɨ ɦɢɲʂɟʃɟ ɢ ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɱɤɨ ɜɟʄɟ
ɞɨɧɟɥɨ ɨɞɥɭɤɭ.

9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɥɚ ɞɚʂɟ ɤɨɪɚɤɟ ɭ ɰɢʂɭ ɪɟɲɚɜɚʃɟ ɨɜɨɝ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɚ ɡɚɬɢɦ

- ɲɬɚ ʁɟ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɭɪɚɞɢɥɚ, ɤɨɦɟ ɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɚ ɢ ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɧɚɛɚɜɢɥɚ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ

ɋɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɟ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ

9 ɍɬɜɪɞɢɬɢ ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɟɞɭʁɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɭ, ɞɨɤɚɡɟ ɞɚ ʁɟ ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ

ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɨɡɧɚɥɚ ɞɟɰɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ, ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɟ, ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɟ ɢ
ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɟ ɨ ʃɢɯɨɜɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɦɚ ɢ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɚɦɚ, ɨ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ
ɡɚɛɪɚɧɢ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ, ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɚ ɢ ɡɚɧɟɦɚɪɢɜɚʃɚ
Ⱦɨɤɚɡɢ : ɩɥɚɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ; ɢɡɜɟɲɬɚʁ ɨ ɫɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɦ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ; ɡɚɩɢɫɧɢɰɢ ɫɚ ɫɚɫɬɚɧɚɤɚ.

31
ɍɩɢɫ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ

9 Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɱɥɚɧɨɦ 98. ɫɬɚɜ 3-7. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ (ɭɩɢɫ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ, ɛɟɡ ɞɨɤɚɡɚ ɨ ɩɪɟɛɢɜɚɥɢɲɬɭ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ
ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɟ);
9 ɋɩɢɫɚɤ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɡɚ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ ɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ ɢɫɩɢɬɢɜɚʃɚ, ɲɤɨɥɚ ɭɬɜɪɞɢɥɚ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭ ɡɚ ɞɨɧɨɲɟʃɟɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɨɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨɝ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɨɦ
ɩɨɞɪɲɤɨɦ ɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ.

9 Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɭɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ ɡɚɯɬɟɜɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢʁɫɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ,

ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɥɚ ɦɢɲʂɟʃɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɪɟɫɨɪɧɟ ɤɨɦɢɫɢʁɟ ɢ ɭɩɭɬɢɥɚ ɩɢɫɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɯɬɟɜ
ɨɫɧɢɜɚɱɭ, ɪɚɞɢ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɢɜɚʃɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢʁɫɤɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ.

Ɋɟɞɨɜɧɚ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɢɦɚ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ ɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ

Ȼɢɥɨ ɛɢ ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɚʃɚ ɩɨɦɟɧɭɬɢɯ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ ɭɬɜɪɞɢ:

9 ɋɩɢɫɚɤ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭɩɢɫɚɧ ɭ ɨɜɚ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɦ ɫɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɭɩɢɫɚɧɢ

Ⱦɨɤɚɡ: (ɡɚ ɫɬɚɪɢʁɭ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɡɚɰɢʁɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɨɧɟ ɨɞ 2010/11. ɲɤɨɥɫɤɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ)
ɦɢɲʂɟʃɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɪɧɚ ɤɨɦɢɫɢʁɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɭɠɚʃɟɦ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɟ, ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɞɟɬɟɬɭ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ (ɭ ɞɚʂɟɦ
ɬɟɤɫɬɭ: ɂɊɄ) ɢ ɫɚɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ.
9 Ɂɚɩɢɫɧɢɰɢ ɢ ɢɡɜɟɲɬɚʁ ɨ ɪɚɞɭ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɨɝ ɬɢɦ ɡɚ ɢɧɤɥɭɡɢɜɧɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɟ

9 Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɚ ɬɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɚɱɧɨ ɞɟɬɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ;

x ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɢɡɪɚɻɟɧ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥ;

x ɞɚ ɥɢ ɫɭ ɫɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɟ;
x ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɞɨɧɟɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɩɥɚɧ (ɭ ɞɚʂɟɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ: ɂɈɉ);
x ɞɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɜɪɲɟɧɨ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɜɚʃɟ ɂɈɉ-ɚ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ ɱɥɚɧɨɦ 77. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ
Ⱦɨɤɚɡɢ: ɡɚɩɢɫɧɢɰɢ (ɭ ɩɪɜɨʁ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ɭɩɢɫɚ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɭ, ɂɈɉ ɫɟ ɞɨɧɨɫɢ ɢ
ɜɪɟɞɧɭʁɟ ɬɪɨɦɟɫɟɱɧɨ, ɚ ɭ ɫɜɚɤɨʁ ɧɚɪɟɞɧɨʁ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ɞɜɚ ɩɭɬɚ ɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɪɚɞɧɟ,
ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ).
x ɞɚ ɥɢ ɫɟ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɚ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɚɪɫɬɜɭ, ɲɤɨɥɫɤɨʁ ɭɩɪɚɜɢ ɭ ɜɟɡɢ ɩɪɚʄɟʃɚ
ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɟ ɂɈɉ-ɚ (ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɟ ɂɈɉ-ɚ ɩɪɚɬɢ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɚɪɫɬɜɨ, ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɚ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ).

ɉɪɟɥɚɡɚɤ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɰɢʁɚɥɧɨɝ ɭ ɪɟɞɨɜɧɨ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɟ

9 ɂɡɜɟɲɬɚʁ ɨ ɩɪɚʄɟʃɭ, ɨɞɥɭɤɚ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɂɈɉ, ɫɚɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɬ

ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ.

ɉɪɟɥɚɡɚɤ ɢɡ ɪɟɞɨɜɧɨɝ ɭ ɫɩɟɰɢʁɚɥɧɨɝ ɞɟʂɟʃɟ

9 Ɉɛɪɚɡɥɨɠɟʃɟ, ɦɢɲʂɟʃɟ ɂɊɄ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɂɈɉ, ɨɞɥɭɤɟ,

ɦɢɲʂɟʃɟ ɢ ɫɚɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɚ

32
 Ɂɚɤʂɭɱɰɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɪɭɤɟ

ɂ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɤɪɚʁɭ, ɭ ɰɢʂɭ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɭ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɢ ɫɜɟɨɛɭɯɜɚɬɧɟ ɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɬɟɬɧɟ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɚ ɞɟɰɟ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ
ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɨ ʁɟ:

9 ɪɟɞɨɜɧɨ ɨɛɚɜɟɲɬɚɜɚɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɫɚɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɟ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɟ ɢ ɞɟɰɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɨ

ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɰɚɬɢ ɢɯ ɞɚ ɪɟɚɝɭʁɭ ɢ ɩɪɢʁɚɜʂɭʁɭ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ

9 ɩɪɨɦɨɜɢɫɚɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟ ɧɟɧɚɫɢɥɧɟ ɤɨɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢʁɟ, ɦɟɻɭɫɨɛɧɟ

ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɚɜɚʃɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚʃɟɦ ɬɪɢɛɢɧɚ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɫɤɢɯ ɫɚɫɬɚɧɚɤɚ,
ɱɚɫɨɜɚ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɫɤɟ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɟ, ɪɚɞ ɭɱɟɧɢɱɤɨɝ ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɚ, ɭɱɟɧɢɱɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɟɞɛɢ,
ɨɛʁɚɜɚɦɚ ɧɚ ɨɝɥɚɫɧɨʁ ɬɚɛɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɬɧɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ.

9 ɭ ɫɜɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɡɚɧɟ ɭɡ ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢɦ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɨ ʁɟ ɭɤʂɭɱɢɬɢ ɞɟɰɭ/ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɟ/ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɟ,
ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɟ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɟ ɫɬɪɭɱɧɟ ɨɫɨɛɟ ɤɚɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɟ, ɤɚɤɨ ɛɢ ɫɟ ɞɭɝɨɪɨɱɧɨ
ɩɪɨɦɨɜɢɫɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɚʃɚ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɟ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ ɤɚɨ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɥɨɜɚ ɤɜɚɥɢɬɟɬɧɨɝ ɢ ɫɢɝɭɪɧɨɝ ɨɞɪɚɫɬɚʃɚ ɞɟɰɟ.

9 ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɱɤɢ ɪɚɞ ɫɜɢɯ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɚ ɢ ɬɟɥɚ ʁɟɪ ɩɪɟɩɭɲɬɚʃɟ ɬɟɪɟɬɚ

ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɚʃɚ ɫɚɦɨ ʁɟɞɧɨɦ ɭɱɟɫɧɢɤɭ (ɧɩɪ. ɫɚɦɨ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɨ
ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɢɦɚ) ɧɟʄɟ ɞɚɬɢ ɨɱɟɤɢɜɚɧɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɟ, ɧɢɬɢ ʄɟ ɞɨɩɪɢɧɟɬɢ ɫɦɚʃɢɜɚʃɭ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ ɧɚɞ ɢ ɦɟɻɭ ɞɟɰɨɦ, ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɦɚ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢɦ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɢɦɚ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɢɦ ɧɢɜɨɢɦɚ.

33
34
 Ʌɢɫɬɚ ɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɚʄɟʃɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ɢ
ɧɟɝɨɜɚʃɟ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ

ɒɤɨɥɚ ________________________________________________________

Ɇɟɫɬɨ/ɝɪɚɞ/ɨɩɲɬɢɧɚ ______________________________________________

ɒɤɨɥɚɫɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɚ _________________________________________________

1. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɭɤɭɩɧɨ ɭɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɨɜɟ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ?

________________ , ɞɟɜɨʁɱɢɰɚ _______ , ɞɟɱɚɤɚ___________

2. Ʉɨʁɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɬɪɚɠɢ ɩɪɢɥɢɤɨɦ ɭɩɢɫɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ?

ɚ) ɂɡɜɨɞ ɢɡ ɦɚɬɢɱɧɟ ɤʃɢɝɟ ɪɨɻɟɧɢɯ

ɛ) Ⱦɨɤɚɡ ɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɝɥɟɞɭ

ɰ) ɍɜɟɪɟʃɟ ɨ ɡɚɜɪɲɟɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɲɤɨɥɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭ

ɞ) Ɉɫɬɚɥɨ _____________________________

3. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɨɜɟ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɭɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɞɟɰɟ ɢɡ „ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ“?

ɚ) ɉɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɟɬɧɢɱɤɢɯ/ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɯ ɦɚʃɢɧ

________________ , ɞɟɜɨʁɱɢɰɚ _______ , ɞɟɱɚɤɚ___________

ɛ) ɉɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɜɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɦɚʃɢɧɚ (ɭɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɭʁɟ ɨɞ ɝɨɪɟɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨɝ)

________________________________

ɰ) Ⱦɟɰɟ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ ______ , ɞɟɜɨʁɱɢɰɚ ______,

ɞɟɱɚɤɚ_______

ɞ) Ⱦɟɰɟ ɢɡ ɫɢɪɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɰɚ, ɞɟɰɟ ɢɡ ɪɭɪɚɥɧɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɚ, ɞɟɰɟ ɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ

________________ , ɞɟɜɨʁɱɢɰɚ _______ , ɞɟɱɚɤɚ___________

ɟ) Ɉɫɬɚɥɨ
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

35
4. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɢɦɚ ɭɩɢɫɚɧɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɟɞɭʁɭ
ɧɢɤɚɤɜɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɭ ɢ ɭɤɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɬɨ ɫɥɭɱɚʁ, ɧɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɫɟ ɬɚʁ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɪɟɲɚɜɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɭɩɢɫɚɧɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɩɭɧɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɚɬɚɰɢʁɟ, ɤɨʁɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚʁɱɟɲʄɟ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚʁɭ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

6. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɫɚɪɚɞʃɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ ɫɚ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɚɦɚ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢʁɚɦɚ ɢ

ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɰɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɭ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɰɚɦɚ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ʁɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɚ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɭ ɩɪɢɤɭɩʂɚʃɭ
ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɟ ɢ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ɬɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢʁɟ/ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢʁɟ? Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɬɚɤɜɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚʁɚ ɛɢɥɨ ɭ ɨɜɨʁ ɲɤɨɨɥɫɤɨʁ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ?

ɚ) ɐɟɧɬɚɪ ɡɚ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɢ ɪɚɞ

ɛ) Ⱦɨɦ ɡɞɪɚɜʂɚ

ɰ) ɉɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ

ɞ) ɉɪɟɞɲɤɨɥɫɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ

ɟ) Ʌɨɤɚɥɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɚ

ɮ) Ⱦɪɭɝɟ ɫɩɟɰɢʁɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ (ɧɩɪ. ɡɚ ɩɨɦɨʄ ɫɥɟɩɢɦɚ ɢɬɞ.)

ɝ) Ɉɫɬɚɥɨ ___________________________________________

7. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɭɤɭɩɧɨ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɢɦɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ʁɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɬɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɚ:

ɚ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ

_______________________________

ɛ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɨ ɧɟɫɬɢɦɭɥɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɚ

_________________________________

ɰ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɢɦ ɬɟɲɤɨʄɚɦɚ ɭ ɭɱɟʃɭ

___________________________________

ɞ. Ⱦɚɪɨɜɢɬɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ
_______________________________________________________

36
8. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɜɚɲɟ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɞɨ ɫɚɞɚ ɭɩɭʄɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɪɟɫɨɪɧɭ ɤɨɦɢɫɢʁɭ? Ʉɨʁɢ
ɪɚɡɥɨɝ ɫɟ ɧɚʁɱɟɲʄɟ ɧɚɜɨɞɢ ɭ ɡɚɯɬɟɜɭ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɪɟɬɚʃɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

9. Ɂɚ ɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɢɡɪɚɻɟɧ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

10. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɂɈɉ-ɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

11. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɂɈɉ-ɚ ɫɚ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɟɧɢɦ ɧɚɱɢɧɨɦ ɪɚɞɚ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɦɚ ɭ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɨɞɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢ ɪɚɞ ( ɂɈɉ 1)?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

12. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɂɈɉ-ɚ ɫɚ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɟɧɢɦ ɢ ɢɡɦɟʃɟɧɢɦ ɫɚɞɚɪɠɚʁɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɨ-ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɨɝ

ɪɚɞɚ, ɢɫɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ ( ɂɈɉ 2)?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

13. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɂɈɉ ɫɚ ɨɛɨɝɚʄɟɧɢɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɲɢɪɟɧɢɦ ɫɚɞɪɠɚʁɟɦ ɡɚ ɞɟɬɟ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫɚ

ɢɡɭɡɟɬɧɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ( ɂɈɉ 3)?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

37
14. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɨɛʁɟɤɚɬ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɟɧ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɦɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɫɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ
(ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɟ ɢ ɫɟɧɡɨɪɧɟ ɫɦɟɬʃɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɲɤɨʄɟ ɭ
ɢɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɧɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɫɚʃɭ)? ɍɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɧɢʁɟ, ɧɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɜɚɡɢɥɚɡɟ
ɩɪɟɩɪɟɤɟ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

15. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɡɚ ɚɧɝɚɠɨɜɚʃɟɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɨɝ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɚ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ?

___________________________________________________________________________

16. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɚɧɝɚɠɨɜɚɧ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɲɤɢ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

17. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɡɚ ɚɧɝɚɠɨɜɚʃɟɦ ɥɢɱɧɨɝ ɩɪɚɬɢɨɰɚ? Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɡɚɯɬɟɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɢ

ɡɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

18. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ʁɟ ɩɪɟɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɚ/ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɰɭ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ?

Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɞɟɰɟ ʁɟ ɩɨɫɥɚɬɨ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɭ /ɨɞɟʂɟʃɟ ɡɚ ɞɟɰɭ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

ɚ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɨʁɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢʁɭɦɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

ɛ. Ʉɚɤɜɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɚ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɨ ɬɨɦɟ?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

19. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɚ ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɱɢɧɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɰɢ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɟ ɝɪɭɩɟ (ɩɨɪɟɞ
ɨɞɟʂɟʃɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭʁɭ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɟ ɦɚʃɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ )?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

38
20. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɯɚɻɚ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɭ ɧɚ ʁɟɡɢɤɭ ɤɨʁɢ ɢɦ ɧɢʁɟ ɦɚɬɟɪʃɢ ʁɟɡɢɤ?

________________________________________________________________________

21. Ʉɚɤɚɜ ʁɟ ɨɩɲɬɢ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɬɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɭ ɧɚ ɨɩɲɬɢ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ
ɨɞɟʂɟʃɭ/ɲɤɨɥɢ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

22. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɪɲɤɟ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ

ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɡɜɚɧɢɱɧɢ ʁɟɡɢɤ ɧɢʁɟ ɦɚɬɟɪʃɢ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

23. ɇɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɫɟ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɞɨɧɨɫɟ ɢ ɭɬɜɪɻɭʁɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ? Ʉɨ ɫɜɟ ɭɱɟɫɬɜɭʁɟ
ɭ ɞɨɧɨɲɟʃɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

24. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ/ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɨʁɟ/ɚ ɫɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɫɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɭ

ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ, ɚɤɨ ɞɚ, ɧɚɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɨʁɚ ɫɭ ɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɝɚ ɫɟ ɨɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɟ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

25. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɫɟ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɜɨɞɢ ɟɜɢɞɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɨ ɤɪɲɟʃɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɚ?

___________________

ɂɡɪɢɰɚʃɟ ɉɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɰɢ ɉɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɰɢ

ɜɚɫɩɢɬɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɚ ɨɩɲɬɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɚɰɢʁɟ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ
ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ
ȼɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ –
ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɰɢ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɭ
ɜɨɻɟɧɢ
ȼɚɫɩɢɬɧɨ-
ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɫɤɟ ɦɟɪɟ
ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ɢɡɪɟɱɟɧɟ

26. ɍ ɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɫɭ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɰɢ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɛɢɥɢ:

ɚ. ȼɢɧɨɜɧɢɰɢ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ? _______________________________________________________

ɛ. ɀɪɬɜɟ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ? ___________________________________________________________

39
27. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɛɢɥɨ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɱɥɚɧɚ 44. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ
ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Ʉɚɤɨ ʁɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɲɤɨɥɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

28. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɛɢɥɨ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɱɥɚɧɚ 45. Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ
ɜɚɫɩɢɬɚʃɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɢʂɟ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Ʉɚɤɨ ʁɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɲɤɨɥɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

29. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɫɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟ ɝɨɪɟ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɯ ɱɥɚɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɝɭ ɨɤɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɚɬɢ ɤɚɨ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɧɟ ɢɥɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɫɤɟ ɩɨʁɚɜɟ?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

30. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɩɭɬɚ ɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɫɟ ɫɚɫɬɚʁɟ Ɍɢɦ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ? ɍ ɤɨʁɢɦ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢʁɚɦɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

31. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɩɭɬɚ ʁɟ ɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ʁɟ Ɍɢɦ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɧɚɫɢʂɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɢɫɚɨ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

32. ɍ ɤɨʁɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɦɚ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚ ɩɪɨɦɨɜɢɫɚʃɟ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɚʃɟ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɟ

ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɦɚʃɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

40
33. ɇɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɫɟ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɱɟ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɭɡɞɚʃɟ ɞɟɰɟ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ (ɪɨɦɫɤɟ ɞɟɰɟ,
ɞɟɰɟ ɫɚ ɫɟɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɰɟ ɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ, ɞɟɰɟ ɫɥɚɛɢʁɟɝ ɢɦɨɜɧɨɝ ɫɬɚʃɚ, ɞɟɰɟ ɫɚ ɫɦɟɬʃɚɦɚ ɭ
ɪɚɡɜɨʁɭ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɬɟɬɨɦ)?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

34. ɇɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɫɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɡɛɟɻɭʁɟ ɞɚ ɞɟɰɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɛɭɞɭ
ɭɤʂɭɱɟɧɚ ɭ ɜɪɲʃɚɱɤɭ ɝɪɭɩɭ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

35. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɭɤʂɭɱɟɧɨ ɭ ɜɚɧɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨʁɟ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

36. Ʉɨʁɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɚɬɰɢʁɚ ɩɪɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɨɰɟʃɢɜɚʃɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

37. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɧɟɨɰɟʃɟɧɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ? ________________________________________

ɚ.Ʉɨʁɢ ɫɭ ɪɚɡɥɨɡɢ?
___________________________________________________________________________

ɛ. ɒɬɚ ʁɟ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɥɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

38. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɢɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɭ ɪɚɡɥɨɡɢ ɢɫɩɢɫɢɜɚʃɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

39. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ɢɦɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɢɡ ɧɟɩɨɡɧɚɬɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɝɚ ɞɭɠɟ ɢɡɨɫɬɚʁɭ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɢ ɲɬɚ ʁɟ
ɲɤɨɥɚ ɭɱɢɧɢɥɚ ɬɢɦ ɩɨɜɨɞɨɦ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

41
40. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɫɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɢ, ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟʂɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢ, ɤɚɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɰɢ ɨɫɟɬʂɢɜɢɯ
ɝɪɭɩɚ, ɭɤʂɭɱɟɧɢ ɭ ɪɚɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜʂɚʃɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ, ɫɬɭɱɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɢ ɬɢɦɨɜɚ ɡɚ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚʃɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɭ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɲɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɚɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɟ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

41. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɫɭ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɭɩɨɡɧɚɬɢ ɫɚ ɫɜɨʁɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɦɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

42. ɇɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ ɩɚɪɬɢɰɢɩɢɪɚʁɭ ɭ ɪɚɞɭ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚʃɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

43. Ʉɚɤɨ ɛɢɫɬɟ ɜɢ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɫɚɥɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɭ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

44. ɇɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɫɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢ, ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ (ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɨ ɢ ɜɚɧɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɨ ɨɫɨɛʂɟ) ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟʂɢ

ɭɩɨɡɧɚɬɢ ɫɚ ɩɨʁɦɨɦ, ɨɛɥɢɰɢɦɚ ɢ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

45. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɫɭ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢ ɭɩɨɡɧɚɬɢ ɫɚ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɚɤɚ ɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

46. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɛɭɤɚ ɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɢ?________________________

ɚ. Ʉɨʁɚ ɨɛɭɤɚ?
___________________________________________________________________________

ɛ. Ʉɨ ʁɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɫɬɜɨɜɚɨ ɨɛɭɰɢ (ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɨ/ɜɚɧɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɨ ɨɫɨɛʂɟ)?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

ɜ. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɫɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɜɨɞɢ ɟɜɢɞɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɨɛɭɤɚɦɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________

42
47. Ʉɨʁɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɢ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

48. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɫɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɱɟ ɪɨɞɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɚɡɢɥɚɠɟʃɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɯ

ɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ?

___________________________________________________________________________

49. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɭ ɛɥɢɡɢɧɢ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɢɥɢ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɫɤɨɦ ɞɜɨɪɢɲɬɭ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɟ ɧɚɬɩɢɫɢ ɤɨʁɢ ɜɪɟɻɚʁɭ
ɩɪɢɩɚɞɧɢɤɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɟɪɨɢɫɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ, ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɟ ɨɪɢʁɚɧɬɚɰɢʁɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɬɢɱɭ
ɪɚɡɥɢɤɟ ɩɨ ɧɟɤɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɜɨʁɫɬɜɭ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

50. Ʉɚɤɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɪɟɚɝɭʁɟ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɜɟ ɧɚɬɩɢɫɟ? ɒɬɚ ʁɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɥɚ ɭ
ɬɚɤɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

51. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ɦɟɻɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɢɦɚ ɩɪɢɦɟʄɭʁɟɬɟ ɦɟɻɭɫɨɛɧɚ ɡɚɞɢɪɤɢɜɚʃɚ, ɩɨɞɫɦɟɜɚʃɚ ɢɥɢ

ɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɚʃɚ ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɧɟɤɢɯ ɥɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɜɨʁɫɬɚɜɚ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

52. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɭɫɩɨɫɬɚɜʂɟɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɦ ɚɧɨɧɢɦɧɟ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɟ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

53. Ⱦɚ ɥɢ ʁɟ ɛɢɥɨ ɩɪɢɬɭɠɛɢ ɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɥɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ

ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ:

- ɤɨɪɢɲʄɟʃɟ ɩɨɝɪɞɧɢɯ ɢɦɟɧɚ, ɧɚɞɢɦɚɤɚ

- ɤɨɪɢɲʄɟʃɟ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɜɪɟɻɚʃɟ,

- ɢɫɦɟɜɚʃɟ ɡɛɨɝ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɭʄɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚʃɭ

- ɩɨɞɫɦɟɜɚʃɟ ɡɛɨɝ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɨɝ ɢɡɝɥɟɞɚ, ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɨɝ ɩɨɪɟɤɥɚ, ɪɨɞɚ, ɩɨɥɚ ɢɥɢ

ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɧɟ ɨɪɢʁɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɟ

- ɮɢɡɢɱɤɨ ɭɡɧɟɦɢɪɚɜɚʃɟ

43
 - ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɫɤɨ ɧɚɫɢʂɟ

54. Ʉɨɥɢɤɨ ʁɟ ɛɢɥɨ ɩɪɢʁɚɜɚ ɞɨ ɫɚɞɚ, ɤɨɦɟ ɫɭ ɭɩɭʄɟɧɟ ɢ ɤɨʁɢ ɤɨɪɚɰɢ ɫɭ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɬɢ ɤɚɤɨ ɛɢ
ɫɟ ɫɩɪɟɱɢɥɨ ɬɚɤɜɨ ɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɧɢɯ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

ɇɚɩɨɦɟɧɟ:

44