‫بسم

الرحمن الرحيم‬
‫اللجنة العلمية الدائمة لترقية أساتذه جامعة األزھر‬
‫التخصص‪ :‬الھندسة الكھربية‬

‫استمارة تمأل بواسطة المتقدم‬

‫لبيان دوره فى البحث معتمدا من باقى الباحثين‬
‫ولو اشترك مع أخرين فى غير تخصصه‬

‫بحث رقم‪ :‬السابع‬

‫عنون البحث‪ :‬تقليل التموجات فى عزم الدوران فى التحكم المباشر للعزم للمحركات الحثية بإستخدام تحكم‬
‫المنطق العشوائى المزدوج‬

‫‪Torque ripple reduction in Direct Torque Control of induction motor‬‬

‫‪using double fuzzy logic control‬‬

‫الدور‬
‫توقيع‬ ‫فكرة‬ ‫التخصص‬
‫المشتركين‬ ‫كتابة البحث‬ ‫تحليل النتائج‬ ‫اجراء البحث‬ ‫الدقيق‬ ‫اسماء المشتركين في البحث‬
‫وبروتكول‬
‫واعداده للنشر‬ ‫ومناقشتھا‬ ‫وتنفيذه‬
‫البحث‬
‫اآلت‬
‫‪%70‬‬ ‫‪%70‬‬ ‫‪%70‬‬ ‫‪%70‬‬ ‫د ‪.‬عمرو رفقى عبدالوھاب‬
‫كھربية‬
‫اآلت‬
‫‪%20‬‬ ‫‪%20‬‬ ‫‪%20‬‬ ‫‪%20‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬د‪.‬م‪ .‬حمدى عبدالحليم‬
‫كھربية‬
‫اآلت‬
‫‪%10‬‬ ‫‪%10‬‬ ‫‪%10‬‬ ‫‪%10‬‬ ‫م‪ .‬محمود حسيب‬
‫كھربية‬

‫اسم المتقدم‪ :‬عمرو رفقى على عبدالوھاب‬

‫التوقيع‪:‬‬
 ‫الملخص العربى للبحث‬

‫عنون البحث‪ :‬تقليل التموجات فى عزم الدوران فى التحكم المباشر للعزم للمحركات الحثية‬
‫بإستخدام تحكم المنطق العشوائى المزدوج‬
‫يعتبر التحكم المباشر فى العزم طريقة تحكم حديثة وبسيطة بالنسبة للتحكم فى المحركات الحثية والتى‬
‫تمتلك الكثير من المميزات بطرق التحكم األخرى ذات التردد المتغير‪ ،‬لكنھا بذات الوقت لھا عيب‬
‫مشترك أال وھو التموجات الكبيرة فى عزم الدوران‪ .‬يقدم البحث تصميم وتحليل لطريقة مقترحة للتحكم‬
‫المباشر فى العزم للمحركات الحثية مع تقليل التموجات الناتجة فى العزم والمجال المغناطيسى‪ .‬يقوم‬
‫المقترح بتقليل التموجات الناتجة فى عزم الدوران من التحكم المباشر فى العزم عن طريق استخدام‬
‫متحكم ذكى ھجين من الشبكات العصبية والعشوائية‪ .‬بتحليل النتائج يتضح أنه يمكننا تخفيض التموجات‬
‫فى عزم الدوران بشكل ملحوظ عن طريق استخدام متحكم ذكى ھجين من الشبكات العصبية والمنطق‬
‫العشوائى‪ .‬كما أظھرت المنتائج أستجابة جيدة لألداء الديناميكى للمحرك مع المتحكم المقترح‪ .‬كما أن‬
‫إستبدال المتحكم التقليدى المتناسب المتكامل للتحكم بالسرعة بآخر مبنى على أساس الشبكات العصبية‬
‫حسن بشكل ملحوظ األداء الديناميكى للسرعة وتقليل الزيادة والنقصان الكبير فى مشوار الوصول‬
‫للسرعة مما أدى الى وصول سريع للسرعة المنشودة‪ .‬مما يؤكد على أن استخدام النظام المقترح للتحكم‬
‫يحسن بشكل كبير أداء المحرك الحثى مع التحكم المباشر فى العزم‪.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
Volume 3, Issue 3, March, 2016
ISSN : 2458-9403
www.jmest.org
 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology
ISSN: 2458‐9403 (Online)
Vol. 3 Issue 3, March ‐ 2016
Paper Title Pages
Developement And Evaluation Of Water Powered Machine For Flour Grinding And Electrification In 
Rural Of Ethiopia 4143‐4147
Authors: T. Gemechis; W. Merga
Varia ons Of Physical, Chemical And Microbiological Parameters Of Water In Prishtevka River
4148‐4153
Authors: Osman Fetoshi; Idriz Vehapi
The Effects Of Construction Delayson The Contractor’s Reputation In Nigeria ‐ The Perception Of 
Professionals 4154‐4160
Authors: Abdulkadir Adamu Shehu; Asrul Nasid Bn Masrom; Musa Mohammed
Optimizing The Milling Efficiency Of A Hammer Mill For Maize Processing Using Response Surface 
Methodology (RSM) 4161‐4165
Authors: A. O. Atere; O. J. Olukunle; A. P. Olalusi; O. C. Ademosun
Sequestration Of Carbon (IV) Oxide By Adsorption Using Activated Carbon Prepared From Oil Palm 
Shell And Oil Palm Fiber 4166‐4172
Authors: Chukwuka Juliet N.; Igbokwe P. K.; Nwabanne J. T.
Inves ga ng The Effect Of Wind Load On Mul ‐storey Building
4173‐4177
Authors: A. O. Ibrahim; S. A. Raji
Cmos Implementa on Of Vdba To Design Symmetric Filters
4178‐4181
Authors: Arkan Raoof Ismael
Design And Analysis Of An Instrumenta on System For Precise Flow Measurements
4182‐4186
Authors: Kamen M. Yanev; George Anderson
Design And Construc on Of Electric Corn Dryer Authors: O. R 
4187‐4194
Ayodele; I. O Oluwaleye; S.O Adepo
Hiv/tb Co‐infec on During The Year 2015
4195‐4196
Authors: Florinda Balla; Besiana Balla
Distribu on Of Fire Blight Erwinia Amylovora And Its Control At The District Of Tirana, Albania
4197‐4200
Authors: Dhurata Shehu; Harallamb Paçe; Aleksandra Aleksoska
Evaluate The Effect Of Waste Ground Rubber Tire Powder In Hot Mix Asphalt
4201‐4207
Authors: Sari W. Abusharar; Mustafa Al‐tayeb
Implementa on Success Or Failure: The Cop21 Agreement For The 21rest Century
4208‐4217
Authors: Jan‐erik Lane
Extended Poisson Theory (EPT): Sequen al Development
4218‐4222
Authors: Kaza Vijayakumar
Quality Attributes And Chilling Injury Susceptibility Of New Peach [prunus Persica (l. ) Batsch] 
Cul vars Grown Under Tunisian Condi ons 4223‐4227
Authors: Walid Abidi
Performance Evaluation Prevailingly Concerning The Disease Burden In Albania And Other 
Southeastern European Countries, Using Dea. 4228‐4235
Authors: Blerta Nazarko (Kristo)
The Authentic Leadership Is Source Of Intrinsic Motivation In Work Engagement With Moderating 
Role Of Overall Trust (Cogni ve And Affec ve Trust) 4236‐4242
Authors: Salma Hidayat
The Flood Hazard Assessment Of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
4243‐4251
Authors: Sule, Z. O.; Sani, S. O.; Anoze, D. S.
Vibration And Tracking Control Of A Single Link Flexible Manipulator Using Lqr And Command 
Shaping 4252‐4258
Authors: U. I. Bature; Nura M. Tahir; Amir. A. Bature; A. U. Sambo; Yawale A. Babawuro
The Enhancement Of Speech Recogni on Using Par cle Swarm Op miza on
4259‐4263
Authors: Virtyt Lesha
Cognitive Loading, Affect Regulation, And Aerodynamic Considerations In Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle 
Systems Refueling Opera ons 4264‐4272
Authors: Ian R. McAndrew; Sam Holley
A Layered Approach: Towards Effec ve Hybrid Intrusion Detec on System
4273‐4277
Authors: Deepali Gawde; Thaksen J. Parvat
Evaluation Of Hygienic Characteristics Of Broiler Carcasses In Two Slaughterhouses And At The 
Retails Shops 4278‐4281
Authors: Anila Daci; Dardan Shehdula; Ledi Ozuni
Achievements In The Use Of Renewable Energy In Turkey's Special Environmental Protection Areas 
(SEPA) 4282‐4285
Authors: Başak Kılıç Taşeli
Clinical Cases In Srs Radiotherapy, Albania
4286‐4289
Authors: Lulzime Daci; Partizan Malkaj; Artur Xhumari; Ledio Bregu
Manufacturing Site Selec on In A Global Environment: A New Approach Based On Cluster Analysis
4290‐4300
Authors: Ghorashi, Roya; Mardikoraem, Mahsa; Seifoddini, Hamid K.
Numerical Solu on For The Generalized Burgers‐korteweg‐de Vries Equa on
4301‐4307
Authors: Flora Osmani; Bendise Huti
Seat Belt Survey Along Petroleum Training Ins tute Road (p  ‐road) Effurun, Delta State
4308‐4313
Authors: Farouq A. U; Suru H. U
So ware Reliability Using Spc: Gompertz
4314‐4319
Authors: G. Krishna Mohan; R. Satya Prasad; V. Surya Narayana
E. Coli. In Chicken Meat In Slaughterhouses And At Retail Shops In Tirana
4320‐4322
Authors: Anila Daci; Dardan Shehdula; Ledi Ozuni
Acoustic‐electric And Acoustic‐plasmonics Properties Of Graphene Under The Influence Of A Surface 
Acous c Waves And An External Dc Field
4323‐4328
Authors: Kurbangali B. Tynyshtykbayev; Ardak Ainabayev; Zeke Insepov; Artemii V. Irjak; Oleg V. 
Kononenko; Dmitry V. Roschupkin
Torque Ripple Reduction In Direct Torque Control Of Induction Motor Using Double Fuzzy Logic 
Control 4329‐4334
Authors: Mahmoud Haseeb; Amr Refky; H. A. Shatla
Simplified Equa ons For Es ma ng The Period Of Vibra on Of Ksa Exis ng Building
4335‐4343
Authors: Tarek M. Alguhane; Ayman Hussin; M. N. Fayed; Ayman M. Ismail
Climate Change And Sustainable Living In Remote Communi es
4344‐4347
Authors: David G Malcolm
Study On Interaction Single Particle‐substrate‐slurry With Help Afm In The Cmp Process Of The 
Surfaces With Selec ve Transfer 4348‐4354
Authors: Filip Ilie; Cristina Covaliu; George Ipate
A Study Of Bangladesh’s Energy Situa on And Probable Future In The Energy Sector
Authors: Nawshin Islam; Tanzia Mahbub Redi; Anna Mostarin; Nur‐e‐tamrin Chowdhury; Md. Saniat  4355‐4360
Rahman Zishan
Utilization Of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) In The Optimization Of Crude Oil Refinery 
Process, New Port‐harcourt Refinery, Nigeria 4361‐4369
Authors: Maryam Niyilola Braimah; Ambrose Nworah Anozie; Oludare Johnson Odejobi
Development Of So ware For Riveted Joints Design
4370‐4380
Authors: Michael Kanisuru Adeyeri
Revitaliza on Of Railway Lines 9 And 10 Of The Cptm, In São Paulo, Brazil
4381‐4385
Authors: Carlos Alberto Requeña; Roberto Righi
Performance Analysis Of A Mimo Mc‐cdma Wireless Communication System Implementing Spatial 
Domain Noise Reduc on Techniques With Mmse Signal Detec on 4386‐4391
Authors: Aurangzib Md Abdur Rahman; Sharmin Sultana; Foez Ahmed
Use Of Comsol In A Thermodynamics Course To Enhance Student Learning
4392‐4395
Authors: Yves Ngabonziza; Hendrick Delcham
Variables Selec on In Cluster Analysis Using Goal Programming
Authors: Safia Mahmoud Ezzat; Ramadan Hamid Mohamed; Elham Abdul‐razik Ismail; Mahmoud  4396‐4403
Mostafa Rashwan
 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 3 Issue 3, March - 2016

Torque ripple reduction in Direct Torque

Control of induction motor using double fuzzy
logic control
Eng. Mahmoud Haseeb Dr.Amr Refky, A.prof. H.A.Shatla
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Al-Azhar University Al-Azhar University
Qena, Egypt Cairo, Egypt
mahmoud.haseeb@azhar.edu.eg

Abstract— This paper shows the application of vectors. In Fig.1the d-axis represent the stator flux and
fuzzy logic technique based on duty ratio control the q-axis represent the torque. By applying the
and contribution of fuzzy logic control to select voltage vector (v2) the torque and the flux will be
optimum voltage vector to reduce the ripple in increased at first sector. On the other hand if the
torque in an induction motor. The hybrid voltage vector (v5) is applied both the torque and the
technique is used to get the best results over than flux will be decreased. Then, after studying the effect
classic direct torque control (C_DTC). The of each stator vector voltage both the flux and torque
conventional proportional & integral (PI) control is can be directly controlled. That is done by using three
and two levels comparator for torque and flux
used to make regulation for speed. Using
respectively.
MATLAB/SIMULINK software, simulation has been
made to illustrate this strategy and compare the
results of two ways.
Keywords— Induction motor drive; Direct
Torque Control (DTC) ; double fuzzy logic control;
Voltage Vector Fuzzy Controller; Duty ratio fuzzy
logic control.
I. INTRODUCTION
Induction machines are widely used in most of
industry field because it's rugged, cheap, simple and
easy for maintenance. However the difficult of control Fig. 1. voltage select strategy for C_DTC.
of it was the biggest problem until the high power
switching devices and fast microprocessors are Table 1 demonstrates the voltage vector according
appeared. Which makes it is possible to control in the to Fig. 1. As known in DTC whenever the switching
induction machine to give fast response, high frequency increase the ripple of torque will be
performance and high efficacy [1]. decreased. To get a small ripple the switching
frequency will be very high; but this lead to increase
Nowadays, the induction machine is controlled by the losses in switching devices also the cost will be
using many strategies. One of these strategies is direct increase [1, 4].
torque control (DTC). Since it has several of merits
such as easy for implementation, high performance TABLE I. CLASSIC DTC SYSTEM OF INDUCTION MOTOR
(etc). But the biggest disadvantages of this strategy
Flux Torque s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6
are the high ripple torque. In order to reduce this ripple Error Error
there are many techniques and one of them is fuzzy FI TI V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V1
logic control [2]. T= V0 V7 V0 V7 V0 V7
Fuzzy logic was introduced to control in nonlinear TD V6 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
system. So that it was chosen to reduce the torque FD TI V3 V4 V5 V6 V1 V2
ripple in DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL [3]. T= V7 V0 V7 V0 V7 V0
TD V5 V6 V1 V2 V3 V4
II. CLASSIC DTC SYSTEM OF INDUCTION
MOTOR Fig. 2shows the block diagram of a DTC-based
In direct torque control strategy, the proper selected induction machine drive combined with an IP speed
voltage vector is directly chosen from the table controller.
according to the need of increasing or decreasing the
torque and the flux as shown in figure 1.To determine
stator vector voltage to be applied, we begin by
dividing the circular trajectory of the stator flux into six
symmetrical sectors referred as the inverter voltage

www.jmest.org
JMESTN42351468 4329
 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 3 Issue 3, March - 2016

1) VOLTAGE VECTOR FUZZY CONTROLLER

In the conventional DTC the selection of voltage
vector depends on the two discrete hysteresis
comparators, one for the torque with three level and
the other for the stator flux with two level and because
of the range of selection is too small, the system may
be select the same voltage vector and this lead to
increase the torque ripple and to overcome on this
problem the fuzzy logic control will be responsible for
the voltage vector selection.

Fig. 2. Direct Torque Control combined with speed controller We can replace the strategy of the selection of
voltage vector and the table of selection with fuzzy
Mathematical model for flux estimator based on stator rules. The fuzzy input sets is dt (torque ripple),
parameter df(stator flux error), and θ (stator flux angle); and the
The stator flux linkage is given by : fuzzy output (v1 , v2 , … , v7 ).The defuzzyfcation method
t
to give the optimum voltage vector is MOM(middle of
φsd = ∫0 ( Vsd − R s isd )dt (1) maximum)[5,7,8] . The Fuzzy rules can be obtained
t
from the Table 2.
φsq = ∫0 (Vsq − R s isq )dt (2)
TABLE II. FUZZY LOGIC-SWITCHER RULES
φs = √φ2sd + φ2sq (3) df dt θ1, θ 7 θ2 θ3 θ4 θ5 θ6
P P V5 V6 V1 V2 V3 V4
φ
θ = tan−1 ( sd⁄φsq ) (4) Z V7 V7 V7 V7 V7 V7
N V3 V4 V5 V6 V1 V2
Electromagnetic torque for the induction machine N P V6 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
can be determined from: Z V7 V7 V7 V7 V7 V7
3 N V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V1
Tem = p|φs ||is | sin α (5)
2
The membership functions of the FLC are given in
Where: α Is the angle between the stator flux- Fig. 3.
linkage and stator-current space vector.
III. Direct Torque Control of induction motor using
double fuzzy logic control
A. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL (FLC)

The intelligent techniques like fuzzy logic control

have advantages such as:
 FLC don’t need exact mathematical model.
 FLC can handle nonlinear and complex
system.
 FLC is based on linguistic rules and this can be
easy implemented by software and digital signal
processor (DSP) [5].
The whole system consists of classic PI control for
speed regulation, voltage vector fuzzy control, and
duty ratio control using fuzzy system, voltage and
current sensors. Fig. 3. The membership functions of the switching vector
At first the fuzzy control system will select the 2) DUTY RATIO CONTROL
optimum voltage vector. After that the second fuzzy
system will calculate the proper duty ratio; and by this In the conventional DTC a voltage vector is applied
way we can combine with this double fuzzy system for the entire switching period and in this case the
and this will be explained later. After that the classic pI torque ripple unable to be controlled over this
speed regulation will calculate the torque reference to switching period and to decrease the torque ripple the
keep the speed constant at the input reference speed switching frequency must be increase and this need
[2, 6]. faster control and switching devices. Therefore, the
costs of the controller and the inverter will increase.
By dividing the switching period to two parts we can
select another voltage vector and by this way the

www.jmest.org
JMESTN42351468 4330
 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 3 Issue 3, March - 2016

torque ripple can be controlled and reduced and this TABLE IV. FLUX AND TORQUE VARIATION ACCORDING T APPLIED
VOLTAGE VECTOR
achieved by using duty ratio control and Fig. 4 shows
that. Since the duty ratio during each switching state is
VOLTAGE VECTOR INCREASE DECREASE
a nonlinear function for this reason we use the FLC to
determine the optimum duty ratio for every cycle
[4,6,8,9]. Stator Flux VK , VK+1 , VK−1 VK+2 , VK−2 , VK+3

Torque VK+1 , VK+2 VK−1 , VK+2

The membership functions of the FLC are given in

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. Effect of the duty ratio control on the torque ripple

The fuzzy input are torque error, and flux position,

and the output is the duty ratio and the Defuzzification
method is COG(Center of Gravity). The fuzzy rule is
shown in Table 3 and its content of two groups of
which contains nine rules.

TABLE III. RULES FOR THE DUTY RATIO FUZZY CONTROLLER

dT Small Medium Large

dF Flux
angle

Small Small Small Medium

Fig. 5. The membership functions of the duty ratio

Negative Medium Small Medium Large IV. Simulation Results

To study the performance of the fuzzy logic
Large Small Medium Large
controller with direct torque control strategy, the
simulation of the system was conducted by using
Small Small Medium Large
MATLAB /SIMULINK and fuzzy logic tools. The
parameters of induction motor as Table 5.
Positive Medium Small Medium Large
TABLE V. RULES FOR THE DUTY RATIO FUZZY CONTROLLER
Large Medium Large Large
Rated voltage 460 V
The first group is used when the stator flux linkage
is smaller than its reference value and the second Pole pairs 2
group of rules is used when it is greater than its
reference value. We can select between the two Stator resistance 1.115
groups and that by knowing the previous and the next
voltage vector according to Table 4. Stator inductance 5.97 mH

Rotor resistance 1.083

Rotor inductance 5.97 mH

Mutual inductance 207 mH

www.jmest.org
JMESTN42351468 4331
 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 3 Issue 3, March - 2016

A. At first the classic DTC is implemented at defrent switching frequencies (10K, 20K) and the whole system as
shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 6. A direct torque control scheme for IM motor drives

The dynamic responses of flux and torque with a

constant command flux of 0.8Wbs with switching
frequancy (10 and 20k) are shown in Fig. 7 to 10
respectively. A load torque is insured. After t=3.5s to
study the performance of the different controllers.

Fig. 9. Stator flux response with 20k switching frequancy

Fig. 7. Stator flux response with 10k switching frequancy

Fig. 10. Electromagnetic torque response with 20k switching

frequancy

Fig. 8. Electromagnetic torque response with 10k switching

frequancy

www.jmest.org
JMESTN42351468 4332
 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 3 Issue 3, March - 2016

B. By using double fuzzy logic, it is possible it is possible to perform a fuzzy logic based Duty Ration Control where
optimum duty ratio is selected for each switching time, and the voltage vector can be selected every switching
cycle. The whole system as shown inFig .11.

Fig. 11. Double fuzzy logic system

Th dynamic responses of flux and torque by using

double fuzzy logic system at switching frequency
(10k) with the same load torque and flux as in C_DTC
are shown in figures (12, 13) respectively.

Fig. 13. Electromagnetic torque response using double fuzzy

system

Fig. 12. Stator flux response using double fuzzy system
V. Conclusion
In this paper, we presented the DTC with both its
classical version and by using fuzzy logic control. This
contribution of fuzzy logic improves the torque ripple
over than DTC at the same switching frequency. The
double fuzzy logic systems are used to perform this
task. The first fuzzy logic is responsible for the
selection of voltage vector switch according to look up
table for C-DTC. We can change the rule of selection
by using twelve sectors look up table, change the
membership functions and change the rule of duty
ratio calculation to give better result. From simulation
results it is obvious that the torque ripple using fuzzy
logic control less than classic control as shown in
Table 6.

www.jmest.org
JMESTN42351468 4333
 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 3 Issue 3, March - 2016

TABLE VI. COMPARISON IN TORQUE RIPPLE BETWEEN TWO METHODS.

C-DTC C-DTC DTC using Fuzzy Logic

Control method switching frequency switching frequency switching frequency
(10k Hz) (20k Hz) (10k Hz)

Torque Ripple (P.U) 0.6 0.4 0.3

[6] Fu, Min, et al. "Improvement of direct torque

REFERENCES
[1] Vas, Peter. Sensorless vector and direct
torque control. Oxford Univ. Press, 1998.‫‏‬
[2] Moghadasian, M., et al. "Torque ripple
minimization in direct torque control of six-phase
induction machines using fuzzy inference systems."
Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2010 XIX International
Conference on. IEEE, 2010.‫‏‬
[3] Khanna, R., M. Singla, and Gurpreet Kaur.
"Fuzzy logic based direct torque control of induction
motor." Power & Energy Society General Meeting,
2009. PES'09. IEEE. IEEE, 2009
[4] Abdalla, Abdelnassir. Torque ripple
minimization in direct torque control of induction
machines. Diss. University of Akron, 2005.‫‏‬.
[5] Lokriti, A., Y. Zidani, and S. Doubabi. "Fuzzy
logic control contribution to the direct torque and flux
control of an induction machine." Multimedia
Computing and Systems (ICMCS), 2011 International
Conference on. IEEE, 2011.‫‏‬
control by using double-fuzzy logic technique."
Strategic Technology (IFOST), 2011 6th International
Forum on. Vol. 2. IEEE, 2011.‫‏‬
[7] Pujar, Jagadish H., and S. F. Kodad. "Direct
torque fuzzy control of an AC drive." Advances in
Computing, Control, & Telecommunication
Technologies, 2009. ACT'09. International Conference
on. IEEE, 2009.
[8] Meziane, R. Toufouti S., and H. Benalla.
"Direct torque control for induction motor using
intelligent techniques." Journal of Theoretical and
Applied Information Technology 3.3 (2007): 35-44.
[9] Arif, Ali, Achour Betka, and Abderezak
Guettaf. "Improvement the DTC system for electric
vehicles induction motors." Serbian Journal of
Electrical Engineering 7.2 (2010): 149-165.‫‏‬
[10] Buja, Giuseppe, Domenico Casadei, and
Giovanni Serra. "Direct torque control of induction
motor drives." Industrial Electronics, 1997. ISIE'97.,
Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on.
Vol. 1. IEEE, 1997.‫‏‬

www.jmest.org
JMESTN42351468 4334