WORD FORMATION REVISION

I. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits the space.

1. Safety tests on old cars have been standardised throughout Europe. (STANDARD)
2. We eventually began the laborious task of sorting through his papers. (LABOUR)
3. Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school. (ANXIOUS)
4. That’s a very artistic flower arrangement you have there. (ART)
5. The engineering sector achieved significant growth last year. (GROW)
6. He was bleeding from a wound in his shoulder. (BLOOD)
7. Her first novel, entitled More Innocent Times, was published in 1977. (TITLE)
8. There is a(n) supposedly simple explanation of what happened. (SUPPOSE)
9. Her face showed a(n) mixture of fear and excitement. (MIX)
10. The reports are treated as strictly confidential. (CONFIDENCE)
11. Watch how she does it and then do likewise. (LIKE)
12. The painting consists of four rectangular blocks of colour. (RECTANGLE)
13. The magazine offers tips on cutting your house maintenance costs. (MAINTAIN)
14. The government has a policy of letting the mentally ill be cared for in the community. (MIND)
15. That staircase of theirs is the most beautiful piece of carpentry. (CARPENTER)
16. In the exam we had to write one descriptive essay. (DESCRIBE)
17. I’m not accustomed to being treated like this. (CUSTOM)
18. Hundreds of mature trees were uprooted in the storm. (ROOT)
19. How do we know humans evolved from apes? (EVOLUTION)
20. He had grown up in a(n) orphanage because his mother could not take care of him. (ORPHAN)
21. A UN force has been sent in to try and pacify the area worst affected by the civil war. (PEACE)
22. I am simply trying to ascertain the facts of the case. (CERTAIN)
23. If you come to the surgery at 10:30, the doctor will see you then. (SURGICAL)
24. In his later paintings he used a more harmonious blend of colours. (HARMONY)
25. It was a(n) revelation of the President’s involvement in secret arms deals that shocked the nation. (REVEAL)
26. She has that reserve and slight coldness of manner which is typically English. (TYPE)
27. She is accused of playing a(n) ignoble part in the plot. (NOBLE)
28. The company is receptive to new ideas at all times. (RECEIVE)
29. There were complaints that the advertisements were offensive to women. (OFFEND)
30. We are all indebted to you for your help. (DEBT)
31. The company is keen to develop its own expertise in the area of computer programming. (EXPERT)
32. He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym. (VANITY)
33. They knew that a vaccine for the virus was theoretically possible. (THEORY)
34. Over 30,000 competitors will run in the New York marathon. (COMPETE)
35. The names of all the dead were inscribed on the monument. (SCRIPT)
36. The new director of the TV station is likely to make major changes in personnel. (PERSON)
37. They’ve got a model village that you can visit, with all the buildings and roads in miniature. (MINI)
38. They claim that the fall in unemployment is based on a(n) fraudulent manipulation of statistics. (FRAUD)
39. The company was inefficient because it was highly bureaucratic. (BUREAU)
40. Gathered all together in the church, they are going to commemorate those who lost their lives in the Great War.
(MEMORY)
41. He is the author of three books and numerous articles. (NUMBER)
42. That was one of the most spectacular exhibitions I’ve seen. (SPECTACLE)
43. They’ve got very quarrelsome kids, as I remember. (QUARREL)
44. Kate was driven to the church for her wedding in a horse-drawn carriage. (CARRY)
45. There is something wrong with anyone who is so habitually rude. (HABIT)
46. The police have taken the fingerprints of every man in the neighbourhood who matched the rapist’s description. (FINGER)
47. Plants keep cool during the summer by evaporating water from their leaves. (VAPOUR)
48. The streets were illuminated with strings of coloured lights. (LUMINOUS)
49. Tragically, the side effects of the drugs were not discovered until many people had been seriously damaged by it.
(TRAGEDY)
50. The retention of old technology has slowed the company’s growth. (RETAIN)
51. They regarded him as the saviour of their country. (SAVE)
52. She bought a(n) booklet about the castle from the tourist office. (BOOK)
53. It’s impossible to prove conclusive that the factory is responsible for the pollution. (CONCLUDE)
54. The vocal sounds made by young babies were very similar to those used in early speech. (VOICE)
55. Children from a(n) underpri vi l eged background are statistically more likely to become involved in crime.
(PRIVILEGE)
56. The line between the real and the fabulous is very blurred in the film world. (FABLE)
57. This attack on a defenceless elderly person is an act of purely cowardice. (COWARD)
58. A UN force has been sent in to try and pacify the area worst affected by the civil war. (PEACE)
59. The program will take a detailed and provocative look at the problem of homelessness. (PROVOKE)
60. He became editor of the legendary Irish journal “The Bell”. (LEGEND)
61. Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron from food. (ABSORB)

Trinh Thanh Trung | University of Pedagogy | Page 1 of 8

62. The players were infuriated by the referee’s decision. (FURY)
63. If you are sweating a lot you should wear a(n) deodorant. (ODOUR)
64. They executed Russia’s imperial family in 1918. (EMPIRE)
65. The window-dresser has arranged the clothes very artistically in the windows of the department store. (ART)
66. She scooped up a(n) handful of sand and let it truckle through her fingers. (HAND)
67. It is obligatory for companies to provide details of their industrial processes. (OBLIGE)
68. The seller usually pays a commission to the auctioneer or auction company based on a percentage of the final sale price.
(AUCTION)
69. The main beneficiaries of pension equality so far have been men. (BENEFIT)
70. Falling coffee prices have impoverished many Third World economies. (POOR)
71. The first inhabitants of Iceland were a group of Norwegian families who settled on the island in AD 874.
(NORWAY)
72. There was disagreement about whether the country needs to maintain a deterrence. (DETER)
73. Hundreds of evacuees from the war zone have arrived in the city and we are trying to find homes for them. (EVACUATE)
74. Bedridden patients are often given exercises to help prevent their muscles from becoming stiff. (BED)
75. It was this passion for fast cars that led to his untimely death at the age of 33. (TIME)
76. Every effort is made to rectify any errors before the book is printed. (RIGHT)
77. In a recent opinion poll, a majority of respondents were against nuclear weapons. (RESPONSE)
78. Her mouth is seductively lipsticked and her eyes are wide open with anticipation. (SEDUCE)
79. The script has a refreshing spontaneity and sparkle. (SPONTANEOUS)
80. It’s better to be a(n) omnivore and eat a variety of plant and animals in case there is a shortage of one particular kind of
food. (VORE)
81. The band performed very impressively in the concert last night. (IMPRESS)
82. Teenagers always try to be independent of their parents. (DEPEND)
83. The advantage of living in the countryside is that the air is unpolluted. (POLLUTE)
84. Her boring essay is the longest one that I have ever read. (LENGTH)
85. My opinion is that ghosts are non-existent . There are no ghosts in this world. (EXIST)
86. At the end of the concert, the audience gave the young pianist a(n) standing ovation. (STAND)
87. The university has authorised the use of dictionaries during language examinations. (AUTHOR)
88. A dilemma is a situation where a difficult choice has to be made between two, sometimes unpleasant, alternatives
(ALTERNATE)
89. It is very difficult to find Mrs. Burton’s shop, for it was indistinguishable from all others in the street.
(DISTINGUISH)
90. When we arrived at the hotel, we were amazed at the incomparable hospitality of the fans. (COMPARE)
91. The teacher’s criticism has deadened Tom’s interest in learning. (DIE)
92. The staff’s bad behaviour has brought disgrace to the whole company. (GRACEFUL)
93. Panda is native to China only. (NATION)
94. Traditional celebrations are a good source of fun and entertainment. (CELEBRATE)
95. The public were angry with the Minister’s refusal to tell the truth about the bribery. (REFUSE)
96. Young children should be well aware of their behavioural manner. (BEHAVE)
97. Please put the books back to where you took them. Don’t misplace any of them. (PLACE)
98. The flights are scheduled to take off at 15:00 and 15:30. (FLY)
99. I’ve never met such a strong man. His energy seems inexhaustible. (EXHAUST)
100.Those rose bushes need protection. Spray them with insecticides. (INSECT)
101.Don’t you know that your good result will make your parents immeasurably proud of you? (MEASURE)
102.Be careful. You may be ill-advised to put all your eggs in one basket. (ADVICE)
103.The boy watched the performance of the tigers, breathless with amazement. (BREATHE)
104.I would like to express my admiration for his profundity of knowledge. (PROFOUND)
105.The cancellation of the case resulted from the non-appearence in court of the defendant resulted in. (APPEAR)
106. The spokesman of the Ministry of Education announced the date of the graduation exam. (SPEAK)
107.Mercedes is a very dependable car. (DEPEND)
108.There should be standby staff in case someone is absent and needs to be replaced. (STAND)
109.You’ll be punished for all your wrongdoings. (DO)
110.With all the modern facilities, doing housework is still very time-consuming. (CONSUME)
111.As impressionable as he is, it’s not surprising that he believed their lies. (IMPRESS)
112.Our factories, cars and power stations may poison the environment with polluting gases and chemical waste. (POLLUTE)
113.The monument was erected in remembrance of the fallen soldiers for posterity. (REMEMBER)
114.Being a career woman, Angelina devoted herself exclusively to furthering her career. (FAR)
115.Hopefully, patients infected with influenza A/H1N1 can be treated with antiviral drugs like Tamiflu and Relenza.
(VIRUS)
116.Urban sewage and industrial waste that man discharges into the sea have a(n) deleterious effect on marine life. (DELETE)
117.We should make young people realize that drug-taking is self-destructive. (DESTROY)
118.Good jobs are in short supply these days and you need to be on the lookout for them as a result. (LOOKING)
119.The invention of software by Bill Gates brought untold wealth to him when he was 25. (TELL)
120.Mind your language, you guys. It is inexcusably rude. (EXCUSE)
121.One of the most studied of all ‘kitchen cures’, ginger has been used medicinally for millennia. (MEDICINE)
122.Whenever examination is in progress, I often see parents, family members and well-wishers waiting anxiously outside the
exam sites. (WISH)
123.There was a(n) slip-up in the arrangements so I missed my flight. (SLIP)
124. Leadership skill is the one skill that can grant you the opportunity to get a good job. (LEAD)
125.Bill Gates is a(n) success story of an entrepreneur. (SUCCEED)
126.Such a kind man would never intentionally hurt his friend’s feelings. (INTEND)
127.The scenery along the coast was breath-taking. (BREATHE)
128.Because of a car breakdown, she didn’t get to the airport in time for her flights. (BREAK)
129.The poor need assistance from the whole society. (POVERTY)
130.Her bedroom is pleasantly decorated with her favourite souvenirs from her trips. (PLEASE)
131.We are offering many special price reductions on printers this month. (REDUCE)
132.Students hate their classmates who get preferential treatment from their teachers. (PREFER)
133.Explosives are deadly weapons. (DIE)
134.Three of the captives tried to escape through the window. (CAPTURE)
135.We were all surprised at her refusal to help. (REFUSE)
136.Health care was non-existent in ancient time. There was no hospital or doctor then. (EXIST)
137.What the teacher does first is to check attendence of the students. (ATTEND)
138.The company went bankrupt on account of inefficient management. (MANAGE)
139.Aquariums are built to entertain and educate people about marine life. (AQUATIC)
140.The educational program we are launching is to empower teenage girls in rural areas. (POWER)
141.The clothes we wear, like a(n) spoken language, can give out message. (SPEAK)
142.After months of surveillance, the police could take the criminals unawares. (AWARE)
143.They won the case because of the non-appearance of the defendant. (APPEAR)
144.Some country lanes are impassable to cars in rainy seasons. (PASS)
145.The mechanic unprofessionally fixed our car, which really upset us. (PROFESSION)
146.His underestimation of his opponent led to his biggest failure. (ESTIMATE)
147.Most tourists are amazed at the scenic splendours of the Rocky Mountains. (SCENERY)
148.Circumstances have compelled a change of plan; otherwise, things would become worse. (COMPULSORY)
149.On its expiry, your passport may be renewed for a further five years. (EXPIRE)
150.The interior decoration of the hotel presents tastelessness, which is just one of the drawbacks. (TASTE)
151.We all take pride in our indestructible friendship. (DESTROY)
152.He arrived, as if in answer to her prayers. (PRAY)
153.She travels to different parts of the world as part of her job in that multinational company. (NATION)
154.The little boy dreams of being a sports commentator for the TV station. (COMMENT)
155.He proposes closing down all the uneconomic factories in the area. (ECONOMY)
156.Managers should be more responsive to the needs of their staff. (RESPOND)
157.She felt belittled by her classmate’s arrogant behaviours. (LITTLE)
158.Let’s join us for a(n) celebratory drink at the pub! (CELEBRATE)
159.The winners of the two semi-finals are to compete for the trophy at the end of the month. (FINAL)
160.The song always brings back her lovely childhood memories. (CHILDREN)
161.To my surprise, they treated me pleasantly enough. (PLEASE)
162.The Red Cross is sending emergency aid to the famine-stricken country. (FAMINE)
163.Since the break-in, we have had all the locks changed. (BREAK)
164.The article failed to publicise the unemployment issue. (PUBLIC)
165.The volcanic lava solidifies as it cools. (SOLID)

II. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits the space.

1. Their first public performance was not very successful. (PERFORM)

2. She found her job boring. (BORE)
3. I can’t understand the attractiveness of fishing. (ATTRACT)
4. She showed admirable self-control. (ADMIRE)
5. Unfortunately, I won’t be able to attend the meeting. (FORTUNATE)
6. Japan was very rapidly industrialized in the late nineteenth century. (INDUSTRY)
7. This is a project to help the homeless people. (HOME)
8. The meal was amazingly cheap. (AMAZE)
9. The new car goes at a(n) amazing speed. (AMAZE)
10. Most of the students are making good progress, but Michael is a(n) hopeless case. (HOPE)
11. You may have some discomfort during the first few days but you’ll soon get used to it. (COMFORT)
12. He drives so carelessly that he often has accidents. (CARE)
13. Happily , the accident was not serious. (HAPPY)
14. The British government nationalised the railways in 1948. (NATION)
15. I often get seasick when I travel by boat. (SEA)
16. It is more economical to travel by train than by car. (ECONOMY)
17. I find it interesting to go camping. I like it very much. (INTEREST)
18. Ours is not one of the most industrialized countries in the world. (INDUSTRY)
19. We should do something to help homeless people. (HOME)
20. He is very wealthy and powerful. (WEALTH)
21. I won’t let him use my motorbike because he rides very carelessly. (CARE)
22. Thanks to the fertility of the soil, there’s plenty of food on the Island. (FERTILE)
23. Unfortunately , they were unable to make his dream come true. (FORTUNE)
24. I find your magazine very informative. (INFORM)
25. The kids found the show fascinating. (FASCINATE)
26. The school is now very well-equipped. That’s why the quality of teaching and learning is much better. (EQUIP)
27. Teenagers always try to show that they are independent of their parents. (DEPEND)
28. But more importantly, learning gives us the pleasure of discovery. (IMPORTANCE)
29. Their attempt to reach the top of the mountain was unsuccessful because of the severe weather. (SUCCEED)
30. They had a chance to take part in a lot of cultural activities. (CULTURE)
31. Honesty is a(n) admirable quality. (ADMIRE)
32. The computer can help us to get a lot of useful information from the Net. (INFORM)
33. What a nuisance! The Internet is sometimes unreachable at peak hours. (REACH)
34. Parents sometimes complain about teachers giving a great number assignments to their children. (ASSIGN)
of
35. There’s an international friendship between Vietnam and Laos this evening. (FRIEND)
36. The outbreak of the bird flu is worrying. (BREAK)
37. Those remote areas are still inaccessible to the Internet. (ACCESS)
38. He made quite a number of successes in his career as a footballer. (SUCCEED)
39. The enrichment of knowledge for the young is a policy to follow. (RICH)
40. No further details about the celebration have been given. (FAR)
41. He feels sleepy because of the teacher’s voice. (SLEEP)
42. Things in this shop are comparatively cheaper than those in other shops. (COMPARE)
43. Would you like to go picnicking with us this Sunday? (PICNIC)
44. The principal said some encouraging words to the pupils before the exam. (COURAGE)
45. The teacher’s knowledge and care win her pupil’s adoration. (ADORE)
46. All the dancers performed attractively. (ATTRACT)
47. It is healthier to live in the country than in the city. (HEALTH)
48. Junior high school is compulsory in most countries. (COMPEL)
49. Farmers have to use herbicides to protect their crops. (HERB)
50. He gave some very persuasive explanations, and was not punished. (PERSUADE)
51. He is a(n) well-known scientist although he is still young. (KNOW)
52. Winning a game is sometimes not so important as participating in it. (PARTICIPATE)
53. The inspiration his father created in him helps him to be a good doctor. (INSPIRE)
54. Using electricity to cook is uneconomical, I’m afraid. (ECONOMY)
55. He is a(n) outspoken person who directly says what he thinks. (SPEAK)
56. Another problem is the dirtying of rivers and lakes in the area. (DIRT)
57. Smoking does irreparable harm to human lungs. (REPAIR)
58. His disrespectful attitude toward the teachers deserves punishment. (RESPECT)
59. That plan can, I hope be practically realised. (PRACTICE)
60. She is one of our greatest performers to appear in the play. (PERFORM)
61. Cookery is what he takes up as a hobby. (COOK)
62. Take them to the recycling centre, please. (CYCLE)
63. He seems carefree about life and everything. Just like a happy child, really! (CARE)
64. She is always well-dressed and polite in front of the elders. (DRESS)
65. He is a music enthusiast; he has a good collection of songs. (ENTHUSIASM)
66. Our teacher is a(n) hot-tempered person. It seems as if he is always ready to shout. (HOT)
67. Drinking will worsen your ability to perform well on the stage. (BAD)
68. He had his phone disconnected because he is going away for some time. (CONNECT)
69. That malpractice should be stopped at any rate. (PRACTICE)
70. Michael Jordan is one of the greatest basketballers of all times. (BASKET)
71. Carpentry is what he takes up as a hobby. (CARPENTER)
72. I wish I had her manageable hair. (MANAGE)
73. The fire was uncontrollable, and the loss was high. (CONTROL)
74. She is always well-behaved and polite in front of the elders. (BEHAVE)
75. I don’t think the students are blameworthy; they did their best. (BLAME)
76. I didn’t know about John’s departure. (DEPART)
77. I didn’t, in the least, enjoy my holiday. (LITTLE)
78. There will be no extra-curricular activities in the foreseeable future. (SEE)
79. The idea that the sun ‘rises’ is a popular misconception. (CONCEIVE)
80. After a six-month course, his English acquisition is really something. (ACQUIRE)
81. He accepted the offer involuntarily. He didn’t want the job very much. (VOLUNTEER)
82. Most people agree that celebrations have become too commercialised. (COMMERCE)
83. Going swimming every day would have very beneficial effects. (BENEFIT)
84. The fuel consumption of this car is rather high. (CONSUME)
85. Local people assembled to welcome back their triumphant army. (TRIUMPH)
86. A(n) ghostly figure suddenly appeared in front of us. (GHOST)
87. They exchanged the usual pleasantries before getting down to discussing business. (PLEASURE)
88. Professor Jackson has joined the company, working in the advisory section. (ADVICE)
89. The company was hit by a(n) succession of crisis. (SUCCESS)
90. He incurred her displeasure by refusing her invitation. (PLEASED)
91. Thousands of African children are undernourished; they suffer from malnutrition. (NOURISH)
92. I could see several drawbacks in your performance today, Roddick! (DRAW)
93. We are grateful to him for his wholeheartedness in teaching career. (HEART)
94. You have to find a(n) disinterested person to ask for an objective judgement. (INTEREST)
95. As a result of her good upbringing, she’s made a lot of achievements in her life. (BRING)
96. His success in the field of mathematics is phenomenal. (PHENOMENON)
97. Educationally, this TV program should be carefully censored. (EDUCATE)
98. Several contestants have been eliminated so far. (CONTEST)
99. Zoology is the study of animals and their behaviours. (ZOO)
100.The city council is thinking of building a(n) underground system. (GROUND)
101.His contribution to the development of sports makes him a(n) irreplaceable figure. (REPLACE)
102.He bought that tie in a(n) duty-free shop at the airport. (DUTY)
103.In all probability, they will be successful in their project. (PROBABLE)
104.The composition should be proofread; there may be spelling mistakes in it. (READ)
105. It is education that helps with the broadening of knowledge for the young. (BROAD)
106.We need greater flexibilty in how we deal with the problem of traffic congestion. (FLEX)
107.The principal has placed a great number of constraints on picnicking activities. (CONSTRAIN)
108.Delays at the International Airport are far from negligible. (NEGLECT)
109.Several refrigerants have been used, which is environmentally damaging. (REFRIGERATION)
110.I feel that he is reluctantly helping us this time; he doesn’t seem wholehearted. (RELUCTANCE)
111.The outbreak of bird flu can bring about disastrous effects. (BREAK)
112.The woman stated that she had not mistreated those street children. (TREAT)
113.There is every likelihood that school will be innovated. (LIKE)
114.This is a famous school for pupils with hearing impairment. (PAIR)
115.She is cooking the meal under the watchful eye of her mother. (WATCH)
116.Accumulations of sand can be formed by the action of waves on coastal beaches. (ACCUMULATE)
117.Many species of bee are almost non-existent in this area now. (EXIST)
118.Hundreds of unemployed ex-prisoners could be pushed back towards crime by the closure of job training programs.
(PRISON)
119.Special attention will be paid to people from disadvantaged areas. (ADVANTAGE)
120.She is a funny, determined and endearing woman who laughs at herself more than anyone else does. (DEAR)
121.I’m looking for my pen which unaccountably vanished from my desk overnight. (ACCOUNT)
122.The chemical properties of the substance are still incompletely understood. (COMPLETE)
123. Devaluation or reduction in the value of the pound may help exports, but it will also increase inflation. (VALUE)
124.Many women feel panicky travelling home at night alone. (PANIC)
125.She turned away from his outstretched hands. (STRETCH)
126.A major breakthrough in peace negotiations has been achieved. (BREAK)
127.It is not harmful to take that drug because it is non-addictive. (ADDICT)
128.Girls tend to do better academically in single-sex schools than in co-educational ones. (EDUCATE)
129.Having made that morally terrible mistake, they are now conscience-stricken. (CONSCIENCE)
130.Criminology is the study of crime and criminals. (CRIME)
131.He is a little overweight. He should have less fat intake. (WEIGH)
132.The number of dropouts from junior high school is increasing in a worrying way. (DROP)
133.He is said to be a(n) workaholic person who never stops work until very late. (WORK)
134.She was very sad because she was incapable of talking him into accepting the offer. (CAPABILITY)
135.You can wear this watch when you swim; it is wateproof . (RESIST)
136.Among the famous tennis players is Sampras, who had a(n) illustrious career. (ILLUSTRATE)
137.Katherine Hepburn won four Oscar statuettes in the category of Best Actress in a Leading Role. (STATUE)
138.The reform project requires an initial outlay of $30 million. (LAY)
139.There are great inequalities in health care across the country. People in rural areas still suffer more. (EQUAL)
140.The curriculum is systematically developed; therefore, students benefit a great deal. (SYSTEM)
141.That eligible student always demonstrates high competence. (COMPETE)
142.Do you really think you have enough athleticism to be in the school’s soccer team? (ATHLETE)
143.Overhunting should be severely punished. (HUNT)
144.The bottled water is carefully checked to remove any impurities . (PURE)
145.A performance of synchronized swimming is often very eye-catching . (EYE)
SOME PRACTICE ON COMPOUNDS & PHRASALS
1. She may be well-meaning, but she seems to end up annoying a lot of people. (MEAN)
2. Don’t you think that’s a rather one-sided/unilateral argument? What about the other point of view? (SIDE | LATE)
3. I would say that you’d be ill-advised to resign without having found a new job. (ADVICE)
4. He’s certainly a(n) smooth-talker but I don’t trust what he says. (SMOOTH)
5. Working couples often buy ready-make meals for the evening. (MAKE)
6. The students hardly cooked at all, but lived on takeaways. (TAKE)
7. Finally, we’ll give you some feedback on the course and a few suggestions for how it could be improved. (FEED)
8. We are anxiously waiting for the outcome of the negotiations. (COME)
9. We’ve got for too much rubbish in this house – it’s time he had a(n) clear-out. (CLEAR)
10. In 1999 there were two major breakthroughs in research into spinal injury. (BREAK)
11. None of the passers-by took any notice, in spite of his shouts. (PASS)
12. The uprising among the peasants was cruelly put down by the king’s army. (RISE)
13. The cat had numerous offspring, all of whom inherited her timid nature. (SPRING)
14. There were a few setbacks but in general the project went well. (SET)
15. The onset of the disease was gradual, and at first they hardly noticed its effects. (SET)
16. He wrote a very hard-hitting report on the need for people to cut back on spending. (HIT)
17. It was a rather one-sided account of how they had got into debt. (SIDE)
18. We have a(n) short-term agreement to supply them, which will be renewed after three months. (TERM)
19. I don’t like working in air-conditioned offices – they’re too cold. (CONDITION)
20. He’s a good man in a crisis – he’s very level-headed. (HEAD)
21. He doesn’t think you need qualifications because he’s a(n) self-made man. (MAKE)
22. If we focus on selling mass-produced items we can really cut out prices. (PRODUCE)
23. Traditional banks can be very old-fashioned and conservative about who they will lend to. (FASHION)
24. Our so-called financial advisor lost us loads of money by recommending bad investments. (CALL)
25. They have a(n) long-standing problem of trying to keep costs down. (STAND)
26. The relationship between the two groups had suffered a complete breakdown. (BREAK)
27. She suffered a bad stomach upset after eating some contaminated food. (SET)
28. I like getting feedback on my homework – it’s useful even if not always good! (FEED)
29. I’ve got far too much stuff in my flat – I need to have a complete clear-out. (CLEAR)
30. I can’t be bothered to cook tonight – let’s get a(n) takeaway. (TAKE)
31. The project suffered a severe setback when the main sponsor pulled out. (SET)
32. There was a great line-up for the rock concert, including the country’s number of singer. (LINE)
33. The company’s finances suffered a real turndown after the chairman resigned. (TURN)
34. The school leaver waited anxiously to hear the outcome of his first job interview. (COME)
35. Some people can change their attitude and develop a whole new outlook on life. (LOOK)
36. Of course Jim is a(n) self-made millionaire. He didn’t inherit a penny. (MAKE)
37. The President of the United States never goes out in public without wearing a(n) bullet-proof vest. (BULLET)
38. Jim is very disorganised. He’s a bit like a(n) absent-minded professor. (MIND)
39. I’m afraid we’ve had to call his last-minute meeting due to the unexpected resignation of Tony, the Sales Manager.
(MINUTE)
40. Who exactly is this so-called expert who is going to tell us all what to do? (CALL)
41. I hate these modern, mass-produced TVs. I want an old-fashioned one with style! (PRODUCE)
42. Doesn’t he look great in that tight-fitting T-shirt. (FIT)
43. I hate working in air-conditioned offices. I always catch colds. (CONDITION)
44. I can’t come out tonight. I’ve got a(n) long-standing arrangement to have dinner with my brother. (STAND)
45. Sarah is a very level-headed young man. She never acts impulsively. (HEAD)
46. I wouldn’t describe my family as well-off but as children we never had to go without. (GOOD)
47. Don’t work too hard and let yourself get rundown. You’ll end up getting ill. (RUN)
48. He was fined for driving too fast in a(n) built-up area. (BUILD)
49. There was only a(n) broken-down old wall to protect the secret garden from curious passers-by .
(BREAK | PASS)
50. Hard-up shoppers can get some wonderful bargains on electrical goods in the new discount store. (HARD)
51. You should get rid of that old tracksuit. It’s almost completely worn-out. (WEAR)
52. He gave a(n) one-off performance at a small jazz club when he was in London. (ONE)
53. Advertising executives often get burnt-out after a couple of years on the job. (BURN)
54. Her explanation sounded rather far-fetched and I don't think I believe it. (FETCH)
55. The minister made a(n) high-profile visit to the north of the country. (PROFILE)
 EXTRA PRACTICE
1. When their youngest son was released from prison, he was welcomed back home with outstretched arms.
(STRETCH)
2. Watching those fantasy films is pure escapism. (ESCAPE)
3. She could not overcome her fear of water and was never able to learn to swim. (COME)
4. One physical symptom of the disease is quick, involuntary movements of the body. (VOLUNTEER)
5. He swayed backwards and forwards, moving in time to the rhythmic beat of the music. (RHYTHM)
6. Many people are enthusiastic about herbal remedies, regarding them as a(n) effective way of treating illness. (EFFECT)
7. The car rolled quickly down the hill, propelled by its own momentum. (MOMENT)
8. Unfortunately, some bacteria are becoming resitant to antibiotics. (RESIST)
9. The boy was so upset that he couldn't eat and left his meal completely untouched. (TOUCH)
10. She was very unappreciative of all his efforts to help her, refusing even to speak to him. (APPRECIATE)
11. The appearance of the so-called ghost was very deceptive many people were fooled into believing that it was real.
(DECEIVE)
12. Proving the existence of beings from outer space is a(n) impossibility at the moment. (POSSIBLE)
13. The whole thing was totally farcial and a complete waste of time as well. (FARCE)
14. She never thought of her bad leg as a(n) disability and led a completely normal life. (ABLE)
15. Performing in public at a young age is a great accomplishment. (ACCOMPLISH)
16. Her response to my success was totally unexpected and took us all by surprise. (EXPECT)
17. The rich natural resources of the area have remained unexploited up to the present. (EXPLOIT)
18. He felt great satisfaction at having managed to achieve his aim. (SATISFY)
19. He shouted at the passers-by but they just ignored him and walked on. (PASS)
20. If your idea of success is not dependent on a gold medal, then it may be easier to achieve. (DEPEND)
21. He won a very prestigious award for his contribution to local sport. (PRESTIGE)
22. Those who expect instant gratification of their desires are bound to be disappointed. (GRATIFY)
23. The honorary title he was given was only symbolic and carried no power. (SYMBOL)
24. The athlete strode purposefully towards the starting line, knowing that he could win the race. (PURPOSE)
25. The educational system is very competitve as the number of university places is limited. (COMPETE)
26. Training four times a day, seven days a week is ill-advised as it can damage your health. (ADVICE)
27. She has received numerous awards for her services to industry. (NUMBER)
28. With a new hairstyle and skilful make-up, she was sure she would be absolutely unrecognisable to anyone.
(RECOGNISE)
29. It is very important to take steps to reduce energy consumption. (CONSUME)
30. The minister was strongly criticised for showing disloyalty to his party. (LOYAL)
31. They have a system which allows you to take back unwanted goods to be recycled. (WANT)
32. Some patients may develop an emotional attachment to their nurse or counsellor. (ATTACH)
33. The live music and the costumes made the festival a very memorable occasion. (MEMORY)
34. Examiners can use their discernment over whether to award a pass to unfinished scripts. (DISCERN)
35. I would like to work freelance but I am worried about the insecurity. (SECURE)
36. With the increase in our mortgage rate, we will be forced to economise. (ECONOMY)
37. It was a nice bright room, but the furnishings were very unattractive. (ATTRACTIVE)
38. The current political situation is unstable and potentially very dangerous. (POTENT)

A Use these words with the prepositions below to make compound nouns. Write the nouns in the correct column.
let draw lay set break print come
fall take cut turn look put

out in back over down through up

Outlet, layout, Input, inlet, Drawback, Takeover, Downfall, Breakthrough Setup, let-up,
outbreak, income, intake, comeback, turnover, overlay breakdown, upturn, upset,
breakout, printout, inset, breakin cutback, setback comedown, breakup, uptake,
outlook, lookout, downturn, let- turn-up
outcome, outset, down, putdown
fallout, turnout,
output

B Match these compound nouns with their meaning.

A. follow-up i something you say suddenly that expresses a strong emotion, especially anger
B. outburst ii the ability to understand and realise what people and situations are really like
C. upkeep iii something that is done to make sure that earlier actions have been successful
D. rundown iv the process of keeping something in good condition
E. insight v a review or summary
C Use one of these words with one of the prepositions to make a compound adjective. Then match each adjective to the nouns
they usually refer to.

out in under over

A. depth i chairman / president / MD

B. going ii workers / women / profession
C. loaded iii study / report / analysis
D. iv factory / office / project
Under/over v with work / with information / with problems
paid
E.
Under/over
staffed

D Most compound nouns need to split into verb + preposition to become a verb (e.g. to take over, to lay out, to cut back in
Exercise A). Some verbs from compound nouns remain as a single word. Fill in the gaps below with suitable single-word verbs
and nouns using the word given in capitals.

1. GRADE
a. We need to upgrade the software on the computer every two years.
b. I’ve booked economy but I wondered if I could have a(n) upgrade to business class.
2. DATE
a. I wondered if you could give me a(n) update on what’s happening on the project.
b. I’m sorry, we don’t have your current address – we need to update our records.
3. SET
a. She caused a huge upset when she refused to continue with the project.
b. I was very upset at the way he spoke to me!

E Complete each gap with a suitable form of one of these words from Exercises A-D.
draw pay put go come deep sight

MOTIVATING MILLIONAIRES
How can a contemporary football coach expect to make any real impression on the very wealthy young men in elite football
teams like Manchester United? The problem is how to motivate people who have enormous salaries; it’s the opposite of many
managers, who are trying to motivate their (1) underpaid workers. One football coach did a(n) (2) in-depth
study in the USA, where million-dollar contracts to sportsmen have been commonplace for years, to see how their coaches solved
the problem. He found that looking at this gave him a real (3) insight into dealing with millionaire athletes. He said, ‘It’s a
matter of trying to instil selflessness. For the best (4) outcome, you have to make them feel it’s ‘we’ rather than ‘me’
that matters. When I took over my current job I found that the (5) outgoing
coach had mainly just analysed the opposition and how best to operate against them. But I felt I needed to reassure people and
resolve their doubts about themselves and their place in the club. And once the training session is over, what really makes a
difference is my personal (6) input whereby I take a real interest in the players. One (7) drawback
is that a lot of players now don’t want to start at the bottom. They want an assistant manager’s job at least. But you only get
experience through working your way up through the ranks.’

F Match the highlighted expressions in the text above with these meanings.
1. Learn a job by working in the most low-level position first. Start at the bottom
2. Make somebody feel more confident or sure of themselves. Resolve someone’s doubts
3. Normal, usual, typical. Commonplace
4. Have an effect on somebody. Make any impression on
5. Best, most skilled or most experienced. Elite