CELL

ULAR
ABER
RATIO
N The
DIAGN
OSIS

🞆 Imaging studies
🞆 Excision or Fine Needle
Aspiration Biopsy with
microscopic histologic
examination
🞆 Pap smear
🞆 Blood tests – for example
PSA for prostate
carcinoma, CEA or AFP
for HCC or testicular, CEA
for colorectal carcinoma,
CA-125 for ovarian
 carcinoma, ALP for HCC
or bone
🞆 Cytologicexamination of blood cells –
for leukemia
Urine with
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DIAGNOSTIC AIDS USED TO
DETECT CANCER

🞆 Tumormarkers –
breast, colon, lung,
ovarian, testicular,
prostate cancers
🞆 MRI– neurologic,
pelvic, abdominal,
thoracic cancers
🞆 Fluoroscopy–
neurologic, pelvic,
skeletal,
abdominal,
 thoracic cancers
🞆 UTZ –
abdominal and
pelvic cancers
🞆 Endoscopy –

bronchial, GIT
cancers
MRI
 Fluoroscopy UTZ
DIAGNOSTIC AIDS USED TO DETECT CANCER
🞆 Nuclear medicine imaging – bone,
liver, kidney, spleen, brain, thyroid
cancers
🞆 PET – lung, colon, liver, pancreatic, head
and neck cancers; Hodgkin and
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and melanoma
🞆 PET fusion – see PET
🞆 Radioimmunoconjugates – colorectal,
breast, ovarian, head and neck
cancers; lymphoma and melanoma