Burlington CTEM am CAUIMLU OC gCONTENTS 1 Grammar 2 cramer 3 Working with Words 5 sammar 6 Working with Words REVIEW 2 7 Working with Words REVIEW 3 12 working with words | Present Simple, Present Continuous, Stative Verbs Past Simple, Past Continuous, used to / would Health and Fitness Phrasal Verbs: on Word Building: suffixes, -ous, ful, less Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple, Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Continuous Free Time and Entertainment Phrasal Verbs: out Word Building: prefix un. suffix -able Future Tenses Modals and Semi-modals ‘Work and Technology Phrasal Verbs: down ‘Word Building: professions with suffixes -e,- it, sian Modal Perfect Relative Clauses People Phrasal Verbs: up Passive sal Verbs: away, into ‘Word Building: prefixes un, indi, -im, it page 17 page 20 page 23, page 29 page 35 | page 38 page 41 page 47 page 54 page 57 page 60 page 65 page 71 page 741 6 Grammar 17 scammer REVIEW 6 119. cane | 20 Grammar REVIEW 7 22 cammar 21 ‘Working with Words 1 8 ‘Working with Words 23 crammer 2G. working with words REVIEW 8 fable The Causative ‘Temporals and Conditionals The Natural World Phrasal Verbs: after, back Word Building: prefix and suf wish Count and Non-count Nouns, Quantifiers ‘Travel and Transport Phrasal Verbs: off Word Building: -ing and ed adjectives Gerunds and Infinitives, Special Structures: had better, would rather, too / enough, let / make, get / be used to Adjectives and Adverbs, so / such Education Phrasal Verbs: over Word Building: suffixes on, -aton, ition Grammar Appendix Spelling Rules Phrasal Verbs Irregular Verbs page 95 page 100 page 106 page 109 page 112 page 117 page 123 page 126 page 129 page 137 page 144 page 147 page 150 page 160 page 162 page 163 page 1651. (a) The baby eats alot 4 b. The baby is eating a lot. a. Are you going out? b. Doyou go out? 2. a. The dog doesn't look dangerous. 5. a. He forever drops plates. b. The dog isn’t looking dangerous. b. He is forever dropping plates. 3. a. Ican'tread th 'm not wearing my glasses. 6. a, This sauce doesn’t taste very nice. b. Icanttread this - I don’t wear my glasses. b. This sauce isnt tasting very nice. B choose the correct answer. 1. She takes /is taking violin lessons this year. Hove / am loving all kinds of water sports Do//Are your friends really going to the concert on Saturday? How much does an iPod cost /is an iPod costing? Susan hit her knee butit isn't / doesn’t hurt much. Which sport do you prefer / are you preferring, golf or tennis? ayaenPresent Simple f "FORM, Tt | 17¥0uWe They walk | He/She / It walks 1 You /We /They do not walk. He/She /It does not walk Do /you/ we they walk? Doeshe / sho /it walk? Short forms: do not ~ don't does not doesn't For spelling rules for adding-s to third person singular in Present Simple, see page 160. ‘TIME EXPRESSIONS. USE. habits and regular actions general truths or facts to tel stories and jokes to describe sports events timetables or scheduled events Inthe future . to describe permanent situations every day / week / month / year, on Mondays / Saturdays, in spring / winter once / twice a day / week / month / year atthe weekend They go on holiday once a year. Time expressions come at the beginning or the end of a sentence, | get up late on Sundays. ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY On Sundays | get up late. EXAMPLES _ | often play chess with Jack Pandas spend most of the day eating. | She opens the door and gets a surprise. He kicks the ball and scores! The ferry leaves at 7.30 am. My grandparents live in a small village. Usually, often, always, never, sometimes, frequently, seldom, rately, hardly (ever) He rarely tidies his bedroom, Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb or after the verb be. Mum and Dad are sometimes angry with me hardly ever read magazines. Present Continuous FORM USE EXAMPLES am waiting He /She/ Itis waiting We /You /They are waiting ‘am not waiting He /She/Itisnot waiting We / You /They are not waiting Am waiting? Ishe she /it waiting? Are we / you / they waiting? Short forms: is not + isn't are not aren't ‘TIME EXPRESSIONS, ‘m looking for a new job right now. |. actions that are happening at the time of speaking ‘temporary actions or actions that are stil in progress future plans and arrangements with always, foreverand constantly ‘when actions are annoying, amusing ‘or happen too often spelling rules for adding -ing in Present Continuous, see page 160. Slow down! You are driving too fast. lam staying with my grandparents. He is taking an exam next week, ‘They're forever breaking things. She's always buying me little presents, the moment, now, right now, soon, today, tonight, this week / month / year, next week / month / year Present Simple, Present Continuous, Stative Verbs UNIT 1 7Stative Verbs Stative verbs describe states, not actions. Stative verbs are usually used in the Present Simple, not the Present Continuous. hate this cold weather, ‘Some common stative verbs are: | appearance: oppor, look, seam She seems unhappy today. | crmotons dk elke ete ke, love, need thee thecal water possession: belong to, have, own Who does tis CD belong to? ee Ton plus two equals twelve senses fe, hear, see, smell este Thiscushin feels so sot thoughts opinions states believe, forge. imagine know, What does this word mean? mean, prefer, remember, think, understand, want, wish There are some stative verbs that can be used in Present Continuous but with a change In meaning, ‘Tom has a new bike. (possession) ‘This fish doesn’t taste fresh. (has a certain flavour) lam having dinner with Jane tonight. (eating) He is tasting the soup. (trying it) They think the film is boring. (opinion) Dinner smells good. (has a certain aroma) We are thinking of getting a dog. (considering) They are smelling the roses. (action) That cake looks delicious. (appearance) Claire weighs about sixty kilos. (measurement) He is looking at the pictures. (action) ‘The greengrocer is weighing the oranges. (action) | see my friend over there. (using the sense of sight) Stella is seeing the dentist later today. (meeting) GRAMMAR PRACTICE AX choose the correct answer. 1. Inthe evening, l‘usually listen/ am usually isteni my sister with her homework. 2. William watches / is watching a film about a bank robbery. He thinks / is thinking it's one of the best films he's ever seen. People in Japan eat / are eating a lot of fish. Sometimes they don't cook / aren't cooking it first. 19 fo music in my room. But today |help / am helping 4, Tomorrow we spend / are spending the day in London. We go / are going by train. It leaves /is leaving at 9.30 in the morning, 5. My aunt and uncle live / are living in Australia so | hardly ever see / am hardly ever seeing my cousins. 6. Our dog usually barks /is usually barking when he sees / is seeing a cat. 9 B_ complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets, Lfecae cents cans ane cee Use Present Simple in one of the sentences and Present Continuous eae ey erence in the other. | in Present Continuous when they refer to an action, nota state. 1. a. «D0... you... SC6... (see) that café atthe end ofthe road? The house has three bedrooms. Ler’s meet there for lunch. f Sue is having a party tomorrow. b. Whattime.......i8,... John... $¢eing.... (see) the doctor tomorrow? “yeeseer et a 2. a. Robbie (taste) the coffee to see ifit needs more SE sugar. TNE b. The ham in this sandwich (not taste) very nice = 3. a Are you okay? You {not look) wel b. Tinaisin the kitchen. She (look) for her mobile phone. aa (think) computers are very useful bt (think) about my grandmother She isn hospital at the moment. 5. a. Dinner (smell) delicious. I thinkit’s nearly ready. b. Jule (smell) the flowers in the vase.G complete the dialogues using the correct form of the verbs given, Do. you... know. Frank Smith? (know) 2) ‘Yes, and|........am.seeing. him tonight. (see) 0g. ‘ ‘Why. the nurse a the baby? (weigh), She tofind out how much he's grown. (need) fl Saturday morning. Do you want to come? (go) Not really. to do my shopping on Thursday, when ‘the shops are quieter. (prefer) shopping on know. | diving lessons there this. summer. (take) No, but he of joining that new one next to the library. (think) 1D) complete the emails using the words and phrases below. seldom © toon © usuay © often asioey Elizabeth Hi Elzabeth) How are you? I'm on holiday with my farily on Patmos. We (1) usually, ‘my grandparents but (2) ‘we're staying at a big hotel with an internet comer in the reception area. I'm using t to write this eral ‘As you know, It (3) rains in Greece in July but (4) itis pouring with ran. That's why I'm not at the beach ‘and am vaiting this to you instead! stay with Hope to hear fram you soon, Love, Olga > right now Present Simpl twice a week © this year assay olga Hi Olg, ‘Thanks for your email Is it still raining? 1 hope not! Guess what! I'm taking windsurfing lessons this summer, I meet my instructor at the lake 5) Tes quite dificult and 1 (0) fall in the water, but 'm getting better! Anyway, I don’t mind getting wet! Its my brother's birthday today and we're all going out for dinnet. We're leaving (7) 0 1 must fini this and get ready. Have a great summer! Elizabeth Present Continuous, Stative Verbs UNIT 1 7"| Adverbs of frequency come before the main Me verb or after the verb be. E__ putthe adverb in the correct pla: 1. JORGUES to bed late. always the sentence. possi, Thomas is sending text messages to Angela! constantly {im afraid of flying so| travel by plane. hardly ever 2 3 4, Alex loves that TV programme so much that he misses it. seldom 5. Paul isallergic to strawberries so he eats them. never 6. . Does Mary argue with her parents? often FF complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs below. Use Present Simple or Present Continuous. notice 9 start © look © hear © _stay~© go 9 notwatch © not return Anna: Are you going out tonight? Helen: No, (1)......Am.staying........at home. s there anything good on TV? Well, there's a film. Listen to what it says about it in the TV guide, (One weekend two friends ~ Matt and Phil - go camping in the forest. On the first night, they @ a strange sound, Matt (3) to find out what itis. But he (4) and Philis let all alone. After several minutes, he c) outside and (6) a strange object. What has happened to Matt ...? Sounds great! What time (7) it ? ‘Ateleven. But (8) it with you. It sounds much too frightening for me! G Complete the article with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use Present Simple or Present Continuous. Every week in Ten Talk we (1)....JISCUSS.... (discuss) a problem which worries teenagers. This week, we (2) (look) at bullying. Unfortunately, bullying is a problem for alot of young people today. Sometimes bullies (3) (think) itis clever or funny to call other people names. This is bad, of course. But its even worse when a bully actually ® (hurt) another student. Young people who are having problems with bullies usually (5) (feel) very lonely. Read what 15-year-old Daniel has to say: “lysed to like school but now I (6) (hate) it. You see, an older boy at school (7) (try) to make my life difficult. Every morning he (8) (take) my school bag and (9) (throw) it down the stairs. To make things worse, my bestfriend (10) (not want) to spend time with me any more. He is worried that the bully might do the same thing to him’ Teens like Daniel sometimes (11) (believe) that the bullying is their own fault. This is one reason why they (12) (keep) quiet about what is happening to them. Often they (13) (worry) that the situation will get worse if they tell a teacher or a friend, But itis important to tell someone when a bully (14) (cause) problems for you. Daniel has told his parents and they (15) (See) his teacher tomorrow. Together they (16) (hope) they will be able to find a solution.SPEAKING : PRACTICE With a partner, ask and answer the questions below. In your answers, use the same tense as the words in colour. What kind of films do you prefer? What are you thinking of doing this weekend? ‘What things do you and your friends enjoy doing together? ‘Are you learning any other foreign languages this year? What things do teenagers sometimes worry about? How often do you get really angry? What makes you angry? B2 EXAM PRACTICE Ay Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each blank. Use only one word in each blank. Ate you between the ages of 8 and 15? Are you keen on football? (1) you want to improve your football skills? Then why not take a football training course at the David Beckham Academy in London? The Academy runs various programmes during the week and (2) the weekend. The one-day course is very popular. This usually @ at 9 am and finishes between 3.30 and 4 pm. The boys and girls on the course have ‘two training sessions (4) the morning, which include warm-up exercises and shooting practice. Parents do (5) stay to watch these sessions but they (6) return at 2 pm to see thelr children compete in 2 mini-football tournament. a you thinking about taking a course at the Academy? If so, check out their website for details of activities, times and how (8) the courses cost. cent Simple, Present Continuous, Stative Verbs UNIT 9Complete the second sentence so that it has.a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1. My younger sister borrows my clothes all the time, FOREVER. My younger sister 2. Mum always reads the newspaper at breakfast time. HAVING ‘Mum always reads the newspaper while 3. Joe seldom listens to the radio. OFTEN Joe 4. We play basketball every Tuesday, Thursday and Friday, THREE We play basketball 5. Helen stays at home nearly all weekend. EVER Helen 6. These suitcases are very light. NOT These suitcases 7. Would you like to go for a walk this afternoon? LIKE Do 8. Ihave a dentist's appointment tomorrow afternoon. AM \ Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. "Why do you have my dictionary?" 6 1....to find out what a word means? awry b. trying «. dotry d. amtrying 2. Howlong....? 7. a. lasts the movie b. does the movie last b, . islasting the movie « d. isthe movie lasting a. 3. Simon and his friends..... at the youth 8. Jane club on Thursday evenings. My uncle. He is so funny! b. my clothes. breakfast. the radio. week. ut at the weekend much. going for a walk this afternoon? tomorrow afternoon. jokes on me and my brother. always playing does always play plays always d. is always playing know how to drive but acar. not own am not owning don’t own. own never goes to the hairdresser’s - that’s ‘why her hair is so tong, a. usually meet a. rarely : b. are usually meeting b. frequently usually meets c. always d. meeting usually d. often 4, Tim... breakfast before he leaves for 9. "Those jeans... much” school “You're right. | think Ill try them on? a. not hardly ever has a. cost not b. hardly ever has b. not costing hardly has ever ©. donttcost 4d. ishardly ever having 4. aren't costing 5. Inthe mountains the snow starts to 10. “Ijust saw Rose at the café on the comer” melt... the early spring. "Yes, she... there this summer!” a at a. work b. to b. does work © in © working d. on 4. is workinga= Past Simple, Past Continuous, used to / would A. choose the correct sentence. 1. a. While he made breakfast, he was starting afire. bb) While he was making breakfast, he started afire sanlaslelae Alay dalla 2. a. She gave the baby a bath every day. b. She was giving the baby a bath every day. 3. a. At midnight, Andrew read a book. b, At midnight, Andrew was reading a book. B choose the correct answer. 4. 2, While Lisa was doing her homework, her sister was drawing a picture. b. When Lisa did her homework, her sister drew a picture, 5. a. Fido used to sleep in the house. b. Fido was sleeping in the house. 6. a. When Ivisited my grandmother, she was always giving me something to eat. b. When I visited my grandmother, she would always give me something to eat. |. Ifwent/ was going to the hairdresser’s yesterday. Do you like my haircut? | used to / was used to be a ballet dancer when | was young. |. Were / Did you really appear on that TV show? . We stopped ata small village and asked / were asking the way to the hotel. 1 2 3. 4, When my mum was a teenager, she used to listen / listening to records, not CDs. 5. 6 Rob finished university a year before / ago and now he works at a school. aPast Simple “FORM ™~*~C«SES EXAMPLES _ Iie at se eee 1. finished actions in the past, often | I met Julie last year. We/You/They ate with specific time expressions I/You/He/She/it) did not work = 2. past routines and habits When he was young, he always rode his We/You/ they} didnot eat bike to scok pig {1/YOU/he/ she/'ity work? 3, totell stories in which one thing __ She left the house, walked to the station {ie/yourthey feat? happened ater another and caught tain, id not + didn't Short fort For spelling rules for adding -ed to regular verbs, see page 161 Fora list of irregular verbs, see page 165, ‘TIME EXPRESSIONS yesterday, tivo days / a week ago, last week / month / year, in 2008 / February / when I sent an email to my friend three days ago. Past Continuous ‘FORM EXAMPLES: 17H /she /it was sleeping 1 actions that were in progress TA19 otlock all the children were You/We /They were sleeping aa certain time in the past siting at their desks |/He/She/Itwas notsleeping 2. an unfinished action (Past Continuous) | | was swimming in the sea when saw You/We/Theywarenctsleeping _ interrupted by another shorter action _ a shark (Past simple) Was /he/she/itsteeping? 3. two.or more unfinished actonstaking Rob was washing up while Mary was Were you /we/ they sleeping? place atthe same time tidying the ving room, 4 background information ina story Itwas raining heavily anda strong wind was lowlng, Short forms: was not wasnt at were not — weren't ‘TIME EXPRESSIONS while, as While | was writing my composition, my cousin called. | As | was walking down the street, | met an old friend of mine. Notes | 1. When we tell a story, the events of the story are often in Past Simple and the description and background information are in Past Continuous. | She opened the door and went outside. Some children were playing football in the street. We don't usually use stative verbs (like, ove, hate, think, believe, know, understand, etc, - see Unit 1) in the continuous form. We use Past Simple instead, Nobody believed his story. (not: Nobody was believing his story. ) used to / would FORM USE EXAMPLES: | used to + bare infinitive to talk about past habits, states or | When he wasacchild, he used to things that we don't do any more __ watch alot of TV. 2 erga) sop favourite magazine.Notes 1. We can use never to express the negative of used to. She never used to eat vegetables. = She didn’t use to eat vegetables. 2. We can use would to describe past actions, but not past states, Every Saturday, they would take the children to the beach, (not: As a child, he would be lonely. ) 3. For questions and negative sentences, we normally use used to, not vould, We didn’t use to live in the city. (not: We wouldn't live in the city. %) 4. Be careful not to confuse used to (past habit) with be used to (to be accustomed to something). She used to listen to music every day after school. (past habit) He wasn’t used to going to bed so late, (was not accustomed to going to bed so late) GRAMMAR PRACTICE Ax choose the correct answer. 1. "Did you tell Were you telling Alex about your party?” “OF course. i gave / was giving him an invitation yesterday. 2. While I did / was doing my homework, my brother came / was coming into the room and asked / was asking me to help him do his. 3. Last summer, we went / were going to the beach neatly every day. | met / was meeting my friends there and. we spent / were spending hours swimming and lying in the sun. 4, Dan put / was putting on his gloves and picked / was picking up his snowboard. Outside, heavy snow fell / was falling 2 5. “Why did you turn / were you turning off the TV? | watched / was watching a jm." ‘Sorry! thought / was thinking you were asleep” : When Tom was younger, he wasn't / wasn’t being as good a basketball player as he is now. While | had / was having a shower, my sister listened / was listening to her new CD. Neither of us realised / was realising that there was someone at the door. IB complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use Past Simple or Past Continuous. TEENAGE HEROES ‘Two British teenagers (1)...... received .... (receive) special awards after they (2) (rescue) a family of four from a burning building. The two boys, Daniel Smith and Joshua Phillips, Both aged 15, (3) (hear) screams from a block of flats near Daniel's home. Smoke (4) (come) from the flat on the top floor. The two boys (5) (hurry) to the building and (6) (run) up the stairs. They opened the door to the flat, where an armchair ” (burn). At first, Daniel (8) (try) to put out the fire. While he (9) (do) this, Joshua (10) (take) the family down the staits to safety. Then Daniel carried the last child down, Sensibly, they (11) (cover) the children’s mouths with T-shirts so that they wouldn't breathe in too much smoke, Local firefighters thought the teenagers were very brave; they (12) (risk) their own lives to help others. Past Simple, Past Continuous, used to/ would UNIT2 13G Tick (v) the correct sentence endings. Sometimes both answers are correct. 1 Used to is for past actions and states but would is only for past actions. When Ann was a teenager, 4, Twenty years ago, ... a, she used to love pizza. ...%. a, this beach used to be cleaner. b, She would love pizza. b. this beach would be cleaner. My pen friend and 5. Before she bought her car, ... ‘a. used to write to each other every month, a. she used to have a motorbike. b. would write to each other every month. b. she would have a motorbike. Every day after school, 6. When he was younger, ... 2. Lused to listen to music in my room a. Tim used to play football twice a week. b. would listen to music in my room. b. Tim would play football twice a week. TD Read the text and decide which answer A, B, or C, best fits each space. | DENTISTS THEN AND NOW | Yesterday |(1)....a dentist's appointment and | felt E . very nervous about it: While | (2)....in the waiting room, [(,. 13) ....3ome magazines on a table. In one of them, found an article about the history of dentists. According to the article, people who (4)... toothache in Britain before 1700 (5)... the tooth drawer—a man whose job it was to pull out bad teeth. As there were ro anaesthetics in those days, m sure it hurt alot. About 100 years (6)...., the first dentists (7)... and things improved, a least for the wealthy, who could afford to pay a dentist. They could also afford false teeth. As rich people used (8)... alot of sugar in those days, they (9)... false teeth. These were made of animal bone. Sometimes a rich person (10)... a tooth from a poor person to put in thelr mouth! After reading the article, | was happy that we have dentists today! Semexnaveyen 14 A) had B washaving © would have A used to sit B would sit © was sitting A noticed B used to notice © was noticing A were having B had © would have A would visit B_ were used to visiting © were visiting A past B ago © before A appeared B_ were appearing used to appear A eat B tocat toeating A needed often B were often needing often needed A were buying B would buy © were used to buyingws Complete the dialogue using the correct form of the verb in brackets. Susan: When (1) did you move (you / move) to England? Alex: Six months ago. Susan: Why (2) (your family / decide) to come here? Alex: It was because of Mum's job. She (3) (look for) a new job and the best one she (4) (find) was in England. Susan: Were your first days at school here difficult? Alex: Very. (5) ((/ used to feel) homesick every day. Susan: What helped you to get used to living here? Alex: One day, while I (6) (walk) to school, 1 ” (meet) a boy from my-hometown. He's my best friend now. Susan; That's great! Does anything still seem strange to you about life here? Alex: Yes. Wearing school uniform! Susan: Why? What (8) - (you / used to wear) to school before? Alex: Jeans and a T-shirt Susan: Lucky you! L SPEAKING With a partner, ask and answer the quesijons below. In your answers, PRACTICE use the same tense as the words in colour 1, When was the last time you went on a day trip? Where did you go? 2. What activities did you do after schoo! last year? 3. When you got to schoo! this morning, what were your friends doing? 4, What kind of clothes did your parents use to wear when they were your age? 5. What was your mum doing while you were doing your homework yesterday? 6. What games did you and your friends use to play when you were younger? B2 EXAM PRACTICE AA, Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each blank. Use only one word in each blank. CROCODILE ATTACK! The skin of Australian saltwater crocodiles can be used to make shoes and handbags. Fifty years ago, people (1) to hunt these crocodiles and they (2) sell their skins for a lot of money. Today, people (3) not allowed to kill crocodiles so there are alot of them living in the wild, Sometimes they attack humans. A crocodile attack took place at Litchfield National Park near Darwin (4) April, 2008. Wendy Pethrick and her husband Norm (5) standing on a river bank (6) a saltwater crocodile suddenly grabbed Wendy by the leg and pulled her into the water. (7) the crocodile was attacking Wendy, her husband jumped onto the animals back. He put his fingers into the crocodiles eyes to make the animal let her go. Fortunately, he (8) successful and he managed to save Wendy's life. When Wendy was taken to hospital, the doctor said that he was used (9) seeing people who had been attacked by saltwater crocodiles. They are dangerous creatures and Wendy (10) lucky to be alive today. Past Simple, Past Continuous, used t0/ would UNIT2 15IB Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. ‘You must use between two and five words, including the word given. a 16 1 (On Sunday afternoons, | often met my friends in the park. USED. (On Sunday afternoons, | my friends in the park. During our walk in the country yesterday, we saw a deer. WERE We saw a deer in the country yesterday. Last night's concert was very short. LAST Last night's concert very long. Every time we went to a restaurant, John complained about the food. COMPLAIN Every time we went toa restaurant, John about the food. This town wasn't so busy 50 years ago. BE This town 50 busy 50 years ago. ‘Anna's teacher was surprised by her mistake. WHEN ‘Anne's teacher was surprised a mistake. ‘What was the price of a theatre ticket in those days? COST How much in those days? George rarely uses the expensive camera that he bought last year, AGO George bought an but he rarely uses it. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1 "Can you play any musical instruments?” 6. “What did you do last weekend?” "Yes, I... guitar lessons when | was young." fishing with my dad. It was great” a. was taking a. would go b. would take b. went ©. took © was going d. Used to taking d. used to go Who.....the car when the accident happened? 7. "Why weren't you at the youth club yesterday?” a. drove "ow Sam fix his car? b. did drive a. helping c. was driving b. didhelp d. would drive © would help ‘Why was Michael late for work?" d. was helping He one! 8. What was Jack doing..... you phoned him? a. nottold a. while b. didn't tell b. when c. wasn‘ telling © as d. wasn't told d. then There was a bank robbery... 9. Iwas late for dinner; everyone....when | got there, a. last week a. would already eat b. the last week b. already ate c. before a week © already used to eat d. week ago d. was already eating The tour guide was talking so quickly that 10. Ourhistory teacher....us difficult tests 1no one... what she was saying a. used to never give a. understanding b. never to give used b. was understood never used to give c. understood di used never to give d._was understandingPHRASAL VERBS: on Look at the pictures. Then write the correct phrasal verb next to the definitions below. © _{‘fyoutake onary more work) you'll make yourself | \( How are you getting on ) in youryogaclass? ) Please don’t turn it on {aoan-tvgpedenoush) \) —— ‘ Keep on doing push-ups — {until tellyouto stop!) he's always ,) \ picking on met a. depend on € gain (weight) b. agree to do a job or task £ continue © teat someone badly SELON... g. deal with something 4. wait fora short time h, make something electrical start working B complete the sentences using the correct form of the phrasal verbs from Exercise A. Some words are used more than once. 1. Robert took on, a lot of new responsibilities at work last month and works late every day. Ifhe working such long hours, his health will suffer. 2. Their new baby is growing well. She a kilo last month and is sleeping well too. 3. Shelley ‘well at her new school, She's much happier now ~ at her old school some of the other kids used to. her. at the heating because the room was very cold. 5. Gregory wanted to win so much that he Tunning even though he was exhausted. 6. I'm nearly ready but can you a minute? | just want to drink some water before we leave. 7 fine with my healthy eating plan before Christmas, but then | started eating too much and now! weight again. 8. Ihave to get up early tomorrow and my alarm clock is broken. | you to wake me up. ‘9. The teacher always makes me answer the most difficult questions! Why she me all the time? 7G_ Wor BUILDING: suffixes -y,-ous,-ful,-less Form adjectives from the nouns below. We can form adjectives from nouns by adding suffixes such as -y, ous, -ful, and -less, We may need to make a spelling change (noise - noisy). The suffix ful means full of and the suffix less means without. ADJECTIVE careful careless, hunger noise pain poison sleep thirst D _ complete the texts below with words from Exercise C. 7 Rip You Know? @) Mosquitoes are one of the world’s most dangerous. ...... insects ~ over 700 million people become ill every year because of the diseases mosquitoes carry. One of these diseases, malaria, gets its name from the ‘words mal and aria, which means bad air. In the past, people thought all diseases were caused by d ain People who live in very n areas, such as near airports or busy motorways, may have higher blood pressure than people who- live in quieter areas. Ear plugs are a w way to solve this problem. Fish is generally considered to be good for your , Dut eating one kind ~ the h blowfish - can kill you. Some parts of this fish are sop. that if you eat them, you can die immediately. That’s why chefs who prepare this dish have to be very, very ¢ and make sure that they only serve the h parts of the fish. in ancient Greece, people whose feet hurt would put them in water containing fish which gave them electric shocks. When the fish stung them, it made their feet less p. by just 1%, you feel t the next time you feels. you should have a glass of water! Thirst is more serious than h = you can live for a month without food, but only for a few days without water, lany of us feel n. a doctor's appointment. However, people with iatrophobia (fear Kae of doctors) are so scared that they may shake or cry while they are waiting for their appointment. symptom of drinking too little is tiredness, soIE PREPOSITIONS Write the correct preposition. from © in be allergic be absent operate be rich be good suffer oeawne F Theteisno just have to rest and have lots to drink, especially fruit juice because itis on © to © for to. tim now going to. Iatient, He will soon the operation and be back at work. akind of food 7. recover {anillness or an operation school 8. according experts, doctors, etc 9. acure a disease vitamins 10. be keen a pastime you 11. be covered a patter, spots, ete. aniliness © Use phrases from Exercise E to complete what the people are saying. must be... alletgic.to.... strawberries. Yesterday ate alot of strawberries and now Him. ONEFEGLIM..... spots. you, sol play sports as often as I can. !love basketball and I'm really. football too. ‘the common cold so vitamin C. Alot of your classmates are school today. their parents, they are all flu Working with Words: Health and Fitness UNIT3 19)REVIEW 1 units 1-3 A\ Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets, Use Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple or Past Continuous. ee looks (look) delicious.....Did You. make... you/ make) it yourself” “Not bought. (buy) ft... D0.YOU.WaNt.... (you / want to try it?” 2. Todd (listen) toa CD when Fran (come) into his room. 3. When I was on holiday in Crete in the summer, (eat) fresh fish almost every day, but at home we (not buy) fish very often, 4 (usually play) tennis on Saturday but next week | (90) shopping 5. Nobody could help me with my homework. My sister (have}a shower and my brothers (clean) the car. 6+ {you / fee! Ike) coming to the cinema with us tonight?” “leant! (see) some friends” 7. "How (you/cut) your hand?” “Ast (make) a salad yesterday, the knife (slip 8, Last year my Greek friend (visit) me. He (not like) the cold weather much but he (love) everything else about England, 9. "What time. (the exam / start) tomorow?” “atten otlock. Harry (study) for it right now.” 10. Jane {try) to decide where to go on holiday next summer, Last year, she (not have} enough money to go anywhere. BB. Read the text and decide which answer, A, B or C, best fits each space. MY DAD THE DRUMMER My dad is the drummer in a well-known band. They (1)... lots of fans and they (2)... all around the world playing concerts. But when Dad was a teenager, his music wasnit so popular. The band (3) ...every afternoon in Dad's bedroom. The neighbours (4)... about the noise — especially the drums! One afternoon, while the band (5)... to geta new song right, a police officer (6)....on the door. She (7)... that the band had to stop practising, After that day they had to find a new place to meet and they nearly gave up playing together! Luckily, they stayed together and today, no one (8)... when Dad plays the drums because he has his own studio in the garage. At the moment, the band (9)... new CD and soon they (10)... nour I(11)....Some of the gm, band’s new songs yesterday and I (12)... they're great! : 1A) have B had © arehaving 2. A travel B were traveling © aretraveling 3. A practise B usedto practise were practising 4. A wereoften complaining _—~B_oftencomplain would often complain 5. & would try B usedtoty was trying 6. & would knock B knocked was knocking 7A says B_ was saying © said i 8. A iscomplaining 8 complained © complains 9. A isrecording B records © wasrecording 10. A went B are going © were going fey ae 1. A heard B would hear © was hearing - 12. A was thinking B think © am thinking 20S_ complete the sentences with the correct form of the words given. 1, Some of the mushrooms Jack picked were....... POISONOUS... Luckily, he didn’t eat them, POISON. | Sadly, thousands of people in poor countries die of. every day. HUNGRY This map is It doesn’t even show where the train station is! USE hurt my ankle when Iwas jogging, It was very. at frst but it doesn’t hurt much now. PAIN. Helen had a 7 night worrying about her exam. SLEEP The explorers had to face many in the jungle. DANGEROUS Eating so much junk food is not a good idea. You should take better care of your HEALTHY You can trust Jane with your car; she’s very. CARE 2 3, 4 5. 6. 7 8 B2 EXAM PRACTICE Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1. Ihardly ever travel abroad, OFTEN 1 abroad. 2. There is a lot of noise in the part of town where I live. VERY ive in part of town, 3. What timeis dinner tomorrow? HAVING ‘What time. tomorrow? 4, The water in the river was clean in those days. USE The water in the river dirty in those days. 5. During the film, I suddenly felt il, WATCHING. I suddenly fet ill the film, 6. The manager of the company gave Janet more responsiblity last week. ON Janet more responsibility at work last week. 7. There was paint all over Michael's clothes. COVERED Michaet’s clothes paint. 8, Few children came to school yesterday. ABSENT Alot of children... school yesterday. B__ Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each blank. Use only one word in each blank. TASMANIAN DEVILS IN TROUBLE ‘Taz is a popular cartoon character who first appeared (1) 1954ina cartoon with Bugs Bunny. Taz is based (2) areal animal called the Tasmanian Devil, Today, the Tasmanian Devil is only found on the island of Tasmania but it once used (3) live all over Australia, The Tasmanian Devil (a) up to 12 kilos and looks like a baby bear, but it can become very angry and aggressive. ‘The first Europeans who moved to Tasmania over 200 years (5) gave them the name devi! because of their behaviour. In those days, Tasmanian Devils & © often steal chickens from farmers. People (7) notlike — (~ this so they started shooting the animals. They kept (8) killing them until there were very few left. Nowadays, itis against the law to kill a Tasmanian Devil but the animal 0 facing a new threat: Tasmanian Devils all over the island (10) becoming ill and they are suffering (11) a serious disease, Unfortunately, there is no cure (12) this illness at the ‘moment. Let's hope that scientists find one soon so that this unique animal can be saved. REVIEW 1 2122 GRAMMAR and VOCABULARY Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1 10. to play sports when you were younger? a. Were you used b. Youused . Didyouuse dd. Were you using “Icantt believe George forgot my birthday? “ican, He... things” a. is constantly forgetting b. constantly forgetting Is forgetting constantly d. forgets constantly "are you coming shopping with us tomorrow?” “Icant. |...all my money last week” a. spend b. am spending was spending d. spent. Last summer |... out with friends about three times a week. a. went b. was going was used to go d. amgoing Bob is cooking dinner and the whole house... of fish. a. smells b. smelled c. issmelling dd. was smelling Richard... home in the evenings a. hardly stays ever b._ stays hardly ever stays ever hardly 4d. hardly ever stays ‘The accident..... when | was cycling to school. a. ishappening b. happens was happening d. happened Hurry up! The taxi a. waits b. is waiting <. waited 4. was waiting “Have you got any homework to do? Tit Fight now: a. finish b. am finishing c. finished d._was finishing When the teacher walked into the classroom, some of the children ....on the board. a. wrote b. arewriting would write d. were writing uN 12, 13. 14, 15, 16. 18. 19, 20. When she was younger, Lynn... long hair. a. has b. would have used to have d. was having Ion what we have to do in this exercise. ‘a. don't understand b, am not understanding & not understand 4, are not understanding "Do you often see your cousins? “No. Unfortunately, they.....visit us” a. seldom b. frequently always dd. usually ike this jacket. How much sou? a. isitcosting b. does it cost & itiscosting 4. it costs “How often do you see Ruth?” “We meet..... week — usually on Tuesdays” a. next b. last every d. this Don't forget to... on your mobile phone again. when we leave the movie theatre. a. take b. tum pick 4. get Tom... lot of weight and his trousers didn't fit him any more. a. kepton b. puton. hungon d. counted on According ....Sam, there are good beaches in Crete. b. to «. for d. on “Would you like a glass of milk? “No, thanks. m not very.....on milk” a. keen b. allergic < good d. rich ‘The doctor is operating.....a patient now. a to b. from don=" Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple Present Perfect Continuous AX Choose the correct sentence. 1, a. Matthew has watched television for hours. 4. a, He has cooked all day. b.) Matthew has been watching television b. He has been cooking all day. for hours. 2. a. Thisis the first time she has flown. 5. a. They have gone on holiday. b. This is the first time sheis flying. b. They have been on holiday. 3. a, Sandra tried on at least 10 dresses 6. a. Bill hasnt really lost his glasses. before she chose one. b. Sandra has tried on at least 10 dresses before she chose one. . Bill hasn't really been losing his glasses, B choose the correct answer. Ben and Alex have known each other since /for 15 years, ._ I didn’t /haven't seen Pat since Ileft / have left school . Have you tried / Have you been trying this new yoghurt? 1 2 3 4, |went / have been to the cinema last night. 5. Our school has never won / hasn't won ever a sports trophy. 6. Did /Have you visited many Greek islands? 23Present Perfect Simple FORM USE EXAMPLES 1/You/We /They have started 1. actions that happened inthe past Ihave founda job as a tour guide. He/She /Ithastaken but are still relevant (the specific Has anyone seen my jacket? I/You/We/They have not started | time the action took place is Have you read the newspaper yet? He/She /Ithas not taken unknown or unimportant) Joe hasn’t sent us an email recently. Have|/we /you/they started? __ 2. actions that were repeated overa | He has taken his driving test twice. | Has he/she /ittaken? period of time, and which may He has won the Best Actor award four happen again times, 3, actions that started in the past and __ Paul has known Ann for 10 years. are stil going on (usually with for, We have lived in Athens since 2001 Short forms: | have I've she has —* she's have not haven't | have not have since, howlong) How long have you worked here? | 4, with This is the first / second time..., | I'we never eaten pineapple before. This isthe best /worst..,never ever, | Thisis the first time they have seen Rome before Thisis the worst meal Ihave ever had! 5, to announce recent events Look! Ithas stopped raining 6. recently completed actions (with | We've just eaten just / already) or unfinished actions = | still haven't done my homework. (with stil / yet) just, already, always, never, ever, yet, lately, recently, for, since, so far, today, this week / month / year, how long Sam has already had lunch Ihave never met a famous person. Have you ever travelled by plane? Angela hasn't posted the invitations yet. (used in questions and negative sentences) Have you read any good books lately? ‘The band has been very successful so far. I've worked here for six months. (for + length of time) I've worked here since February. (since + beginning of the period) How long have you owned a motorbike? (to ask about the duration of an action) ‘TIME EXPRESSIONS | Time expressions usually come between has / have and the main verb. But yet, recently and lately | usually come at the end of the sentence. So far comes at the beginning or the end of the sentence. | Notes | ‘There is a difference in meaning between have been and have gone. Olga has been to Scotland. (She was in Scotland at some point in the past.) Olga has gone to Scotland, (She is in Scotland right now.) PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE q PAST SIMPLE 1. actions that happened in the past but affect the actions that happened in the past and do not affect the present present lve dyed my hair black. (itis black now. ) | dyed my hair black when | was at college. (It was black then. We do not know what colour itis now.) 2. actions or states that started in the past and continue _actions or states that started and finished in the past Until the present Tom has worked at the supermarket for years. (He still Tom worked at the supermarket for years. (He doesn't work works at the supermarket.) there now) Ithasn’t rained much this summer (itis still summer) | It didn't rain much this summer. (Summer is over) Notes | 1. We do not use Present Perfect Simple when the exact time is stated, ‘They arrived three days ago. (not: They have arrived three days ago. X) | 2. When since s followed by a clause (subject + verb), itis usually followed by Past Simple, haven't spoken to George since he moved house. (not:... since he has moved house. ) | 24Present Perfect Continuous ~ FORM use EXAMPLES 1/You/We They ave been sleeping 1 actions that stared nthepast They have been playing chew Ie aia fas teen eiearioe andcontinetothe present since Setlock roo) Wertteytenenttte sleeping | unvaliywith rand ne) Noe hasbeen ving in New York He / She /It hasn't been sleeping eiaver fvel youre herbesteleeping? 2 Ationsthatsarted inthe past | Myhands ore ol because ae eee and have just finshed. Wecan see | have Been meking 9 snowman. theresutsoftheattion inthe Shehes been doing homework for present pours ana ted now ‘TIME EXPRESSIONS all day / night / morning, for, since, how long, lately, recently The waiter has been serving customers all day. How long have you been waiting for the bus? We don't use stative verbs in the continuous form. Ne have known each other for forty years, GRAMMAR PRACTICE = Complete the sentences with the time expressions below. Use each time expression only once. just © already © ever © ago © sofar © lately © howlong © yet for © since © never © yesterday 1. James doesn’t want anything else to drink. He has... already......had two glasses of juice 2. Maria has phoned to say she can't come shopping with us. et have you been learning Italian? \ve been having Italian lessons ‘two years” 4, “Where has Sophie gone?” “Idon't know. She was here a few minutes : 5. The girls have been getting ready for the party six o'clock. 6. “Im doing my English homework" “How many exercises have you finished r 7. ‘Have you been fora ride ina hot air balloon?” *No. ve done anything that exciting.” 8 Ididn’t have time to check my emails 9. Tom and Fay used to be good friends but they have been arguing a lot. 10. lordered a pizza an hour ago but it hasn't arrived be B choose the correct verb to complete the pairs of sentences, Use Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple. invent © start © be © live” o win © write ? ena ener eae | Me use Past simple when 1 fave lived... this house since was chi we ea whanan atom her ist shor story when she was 10 years happened Tm sicchaptesofhis novels fa 3. When you learning English? wsnine otlockt them a i you vothe cinema recent? ' cold hs moming but now the sunhas come out and Ris wanmet 5. Chater banow ea Seelam ey are a anew kind of robot that ean mate cote 6. Myneighbour good at tennis. He the loca championship thee times Alowandros Nikolai 2 ser medal for Greece a the 2008 Olympics, Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous UNIT4 25G Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous. @ Frea: 1 have been looking. Wook) for John all morning, Why isnt he at school today? Joe: you (not hear)? He (break) his arm. He fell off his bike on the way to school, Fred: He needs to be more carefull Joe: He. fe) his bike to school for years and this is the first time he (have) an accident. Guess what! Mum and Dad Gust buy) mea guitar! : Wow! But | thought you were having piano lessons. lam, but | (play) the piano since | was five and | decides to start another instrument too. Olivia: | (always want) to learn a musical instrument. Perhaps I'l come too. © Mum: hy is your hair wet? you (walk) in the rain again? Daughter: Actually, Gust give) the dog a bath. Mum: So that's why Fido looks so clean and the bathroom is such a mess! __ Daughter: Well, (not tidy up) in there yet. Il do it later. 1D circle the correct answer. An Amazing Young Athlete Eighteen-year-old Scout Basset (1) ran /has been running’in competitions since she was 14 years old. Like many people her age, she loves sports. But Scout is different from most other young athletes because she only has one leg, Unfortunately, Scout (2) has lost /lost her right leg when she was just a year old. Asa result, Scout (3) didn’t take / hasn't taken part in sports as a young child, But when she was 14, she (4) got /has got a special leg and entered her first race. Although she (5) hasn't won / didn’t win, she enjoyed the experience so much that she (6) wanted /has wanted to continue running. (7) Since / For then, her lfe (8) has changed / has been changing greatly. Today she runs in competitions and also plays tennis and golf, Over the last four years, Scout (9) has visited / has been visiting many schools to talk to children about her experiences. Children often ask her if she wishes she had two normal legs, and Scout always answers that two legs would seem strange to her. After al, she has (10) never / ever known anything different. IE complete the interview below with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous or Past Simple. Brad: Hi Janis. t's very exciting to speak to you - you are one of the most famous models in the world today! How long (1) .have you been. working.. (you / work) as a model? Since Iwas 16. How (2) (you / get) your first modeling job? won a competition in a magazine. First prize was the chance to have my photo on the front cover. i We (3) (See) your face on lots of magazine covers since then. You were very young when you started. How (4) (your parents /feel) about your career? Janis: They were a bit worried in the beginning, Brad: You (5) (be) a model for nearly 10 years now. (6) (you / ever think) about doing something else? Janis: Yes, of course. That's why! (7) (start studying fora business degree six months ago. 26FF What would you say in the following situations? Complete the sentences with the time expressions below and the verbs given. Use Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous. twicé o ever © allmoming © yet © always © since 1, You met Rosa on the way to school and again on the way home. see have seen Rosa. twice, today, 2. You started revising at 8 o'clock this morning and you are stil revising. Itis 11 o'clock now. study We 3. Youareat a bus stop. You have been waiting fora long time. not come wonder why the bus. 4, You and your friend put on a CD when you got home from school. It is still playing, listen to music We we got home from school. 5. You want to know if your friend has been on a plane. travel Have by plane? 6. Youmoved to London last year. live haven't in London. : SPEAKING With a partner, ask and answer the questions below. In your answers, PRACTICE Use the same tense as the words in colour. 1. Canyou think of one thing you've never done before which youd | like to do soon? 2, Have you or anyone else in your family ever travelled abroad? Where did you / they go? 3. How long have you been learning English? How old were you when you started English lessons? Which Greek islands haven't you visited yet? What kind of music have you and your friends been listening to lately? rs Has your town / village changed since you were a child? In what way? How long have you known your best friend? Where did you meet? 3 B2 EXAM PRACTICE A, Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1, The mechanic is still fixing my motorbike, NOT The mechanic my motorbike yet. 2. How long has Edward been a teacher? START When working asa teacher? 3. He has never scored a goal before. FIRST Thisis ever scored a goal 4, Playing volleyball has made Maria tired. HAS Matiais tired because volleyball. 5. Ihave not seen Sam since he moved house. TIME The was the day he moved house. 6. Sally and | met four years ago. KNOWN \ four years. 7. Ruth started Spanish lessons last month. LEARNING. Ruth Spanish for a month. 8 Mr Johnson is in Manchester on business. TO MrrJohnson Manchester on business. Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous UNIT4 27BB _ Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each blank. Use only one word in each blank. | TOO MUCH NOISE 15 BAD FOR YOUR EARS Have you (1) the music (2) ears afterwards? Doctors have known for a long time that loud music is bad (3) our ears. Recently, scientists have (4) It isn't only at concerts and clubs that we hear loud music. Think about the you turn the volume up really high? If you did, you need to be careful. People who listen they are young may lose their hearing last time you listened to your MP3 or iPod. (9) | | a to loud music (10) when they are older. been to a rock concert or danced ata club where really loud? Did you have a problem with your trying to learn more about the effect of noise on people's hearing, and they (5) discovered some worrying things. Apparently, many teenagers suffer © problems after listening to loud music. Some cannot hear very well and others even hear a ringing sound in their ears, According a study in the USA, loud noise (8) hearing problems in about 60% of people aged 6-19. GS Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 28 1 "Would you like some more orange juice?" “No, thanks... two glasses” a. hadalready b. have already had ©. have already d. have already been having haven't had an ice cream since | a was starting b. have started . started di. have been starting Amanda and Claire my diet, the problem all morning, a. been discussing b. discuss © are discussing have been discussing How many questions have you answered.....? a, just b, yet © sofar di since a cake?" “Yes. It will be ready soon” a. You have made b. Youhave been making © Have you made d. Have you been making 6 caused My computer since yesterday. a. not has been working b. has been not working not been has working d._ has not been working "How long have you been living in Athens?” Two years. Before that, I... in Milan for a year.” a. lived b. have lived ©. been living d. have been living Nicola is tired because she a, hasn't slept since b. hasnit slept for hasn't been sleeping for d. hasn't been sleeping since two nights. “Are you enjoying the film?” “No. I's the worst film I. a. haveever seen b. have ever been seeing have never been seéing d. haveneverseen Josh has already travelled abroad twice a. recently b. never ©. thisyear d. last summerk= Past Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Continuous 24. Choose the correct sentence. 1. a. When David got to the port, the ferry left, b. When David got to the port, the ferry had left, 4, a. By the time the police arrived, the thief went. b. By the time the police arrived, the thief had gone. i a fi Rigen. 2. a. Katie felt tired because she was sitting 5. a. in front of her computer all day. Katie felt tired because she had been b, sitting in front of her computer all day. She was surprised to see that someone had eaten her hamburger. She was surprised to see that someone had been eating her hamburger. noes 3. 2. When Charles fell, he hurt his knee, b. When Charles had fallen, he hurt his knee. 6. a. William had been saving up for years. b. William was saving up for years. B choose the correct answer. 1. We couldn't afford to go on holiday because we had spent/ had been spending all our money. 2. Jenny knew how the film ended because she already had seen / had already seeniit. 3. By the time her friends arrived, Emily was waiting / had been waiting for an hour. 4. Rose's eyes were / had been red because she had been crying, 5 Tom and Joanna had known / had been knowing each other for five years before they got / had got married. 29