‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺩﮔﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺳﻴ ﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻇﻬﻴﺮﻱ‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ)ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ‪ -‬ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ( ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 40٪‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﻑ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺭﮔﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 10٪‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪Aponeurosis -Tendon‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ Tendon‬ﻳﺎ ﻭﺗﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺩﻭﻛﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫‪ : Aponeurosis‬ﻭﺭﻗﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﭘﻬﻦ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Aponeurosis‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ )‪ :( Origin‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ )‪ :(Insertion‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻀﺮﻭﻑ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﻜﻞ )ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﻟﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ)ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ) ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻧﻮﻛﻠﻴﺪﻭﻣﺎﺳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺳﺮ)ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ) ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻓﻠﻜﺴﻮﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻫﺎ)ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ( ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺁﮔﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ :‬ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺁﻧﺘﺎﮔﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﻀﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﺎﻣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎ )‪ :(Fascia‬ﻏﻼﻓﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ‪ 3‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﭘﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻡ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭙﻮﺩﺭﻡ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﻴﭙﻮﺩﺭﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ) ﻣﺜﻼ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ(‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ )‪(Skeletal muscle‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ,‬ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﻧﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻮﮔﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪:endomysium‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺮ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻳﻞ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ)ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻮﻓﻴﺒﺮﻳﻞ( ﺭﺍ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪:perimysium‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺮ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ)ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻳﻞ( ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪:Epimysium‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ‪ ) fasicle‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ( ﺭﺍ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ )‪ (muscle fiber‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻏﺸﺎء ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺭﻛﻮﻟﻤﺎ )‪ (sarcolemma‬ﻭ ﺳﻴﺘﻮﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﺭﻛﻮﭘﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ (sarcoplasm‬ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻇﺮﻳﻔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪( Myofibril‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﭼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﺭﻛﻮﻣﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻴﻮﻓﻴﻼﻣﺎﻥ )ﻣﻴﻮﻓﻴﻼﻣﻨﺖ( ﻗﻄﻮﺭ)ﻣﻴﻮﺯﻳﻦ( ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺯﻙ)ﺍﻛﺘﻴﻦ( ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻮﻓﻴﻼﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﺎﺭﻛﻮﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻴﻮﻓﻴﻼﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﺭﻛﻮﻣﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﻮﺯﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ ﻣﻴﻮﺯﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻛﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﻞ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻮﻓﻴﻼﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻣﻲﭼﺴﺒﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﻮﻓﻴﻼﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦﺍﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻛﺘﻴﻦ‪ :‬ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻮﻣﻴﻮﺯﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ ﺍﻛﺘﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻮﻧﻴﻦ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻮﻣﻴﻮﺯﻳﻦ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻴﻮﻓﻴﺒﺮﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ‬
‫)ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ (A‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ )ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ‪ (I‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ H‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ Z‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺧﻂ ‪ Z‬ﺭﺍ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺭﻛﻮﻣﺮ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺭﻛﻮﻣﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﺭﻛﻮﻣﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺭگﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ( ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 10٪‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻛﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺏ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺁﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﺳﻤﭙﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻤﭙﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﺔ ﻗﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩ )‪ (myocardium‬ﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﻴﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﺔ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥﺷﺎﻣﻪ ‪endocardium‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﺔ ﻗﻠﺐ ‪myocardium‬ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺏﺷﺎﻣﻪ ‪Pericardium‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﺔ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﻴﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﻮﻛﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ‪ 3‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ) ‪(Fascial Expression‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻼﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺝ ﻫﻔﺖ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ) ﻋﺼﺐ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ‪(Fascial‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺳﺮﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ ) ‪(Occipito frontalis‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻄﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻄﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﻡ ﭘﻬﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ Galea Aponeurotica‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺳﺮﻱ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺑﺮﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﺮﻭ) ‪(corrugator supercili‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﺮﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺑﺮﻭ)ﺍﺧﻢ (‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺪﻭﺭ ﺭﻭﺭ ﭼﺸﻢ ) ‪(orbicularis occuli‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﭘﻠﻚ ﺗﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺪﻭﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ) ‪(Orbicularis Oris‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ) ‪(Zygomatic‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ)ﺧﻨﺪﻳﺪﻥ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﭙﻮﺭﻱ )‪(Buccinatir‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺁﻟﻮﺋﻮﻻﺭ ﻓﻚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺣﻠﻖ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻏﺬﺍ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﭙﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺯﺩﻥ‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﻮﻧﺪﻩ )‪(Mastication‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ‪ 4‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﺼﺐ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﻋﺼﺐ ﻣﻨﺪﻳﺒﻮﻻﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻭﺝ ‪ 5‬ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﺿﻐﻪ ) ‪(Masseter‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﻮﺵ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﺱ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻓﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻓﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﭼﻔﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﮔﻴﺠﮕﺎﻫﻲ) ‪(Temporalis‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﺑﺰﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺠﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﻧﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻓﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ )ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻓﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﺪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ) ‪(Medial pterigoid‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﻮﺵ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﮔﺰﻳﻼ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻓﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻓﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ )‪( External pterigoid‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﻮﻧﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻓﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ )‪(Platysma‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻟﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺝ ‪ 7‬ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﻨﺎﻏﻲ ﭼﻨﺒﺮﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ)‪(Sternocleidomastoid‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻧﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻛﻼﻭﻳﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺠﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪ :‬ﺳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺧﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﺐ ﺯﻭﺝ ‪ 11‬ﻣﻐﺰﻱ )‪(Accessory‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻧﻘﺺ‪Torticolli (wry neck) :‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ‪(Ant, Middle, post. Scalen‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺧﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﭼﭗ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻲ‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‬
:‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻴﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ 

:Supra hyoid ‫ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ‬

geniohyoid ‫ ﻭ‬myelohyoid ، stylohyoid ،(‫ )ﺩﻭ ﺑﻄﻨﻲ‬Digastric ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬

: infrahyoid ‫ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ‬
thyrohyoid ‫ ﻭ‬sternothyroid ، omohyoid ،sternohyoid

Dr. Maria Zahiri

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻭ ﻟﮕﻦ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ) ‪ (Extrinsic‬ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ )‪ (Intrinsic‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺪﺍ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ) ‪ (pectoralis major‬ﻭ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ )‪(pectoralis minor‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ )‪(serratus ant.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﻗﻮﻩ ﺍﻱ )‪(subclavius‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ) ‪(Intercostal‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ) ‪(Transversus thoracis‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ) ‪(Intercostal‬‬

‫‪ 11‬ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮ(‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻘﺐ(‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪X‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ )‪(Diaphragm‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺎﻧﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ) ‪ :(central tendon‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﺮگ ﺷﺒﺪﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻨﺎﻏﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﻬﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺁﺋﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﺮگ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ‪ ،12‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ‪ ،10‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ‪ 8‬ﺳﻴﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺧﻨﺠﺮﻱ)ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻨﺎﻏﻲ(‪ 6 ،‬ﺩﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻀﺮﻭﻓﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ) ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ( ﻭ ﺗﻨﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ ) ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ( ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻨﺒﺪﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ) ‪(Transversus thoracis‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻧﻮﻡ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻏﻀﺮﻭﻕ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺸﻢ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻢ‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺣﺸﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ )‪(Rectus Abdominus‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ )‪(External Oblique‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ )‪(Internal Oblique‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺷﻜﻢ )‪(Transversus Abdominus‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﺷﺶ ﻋﺼﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ )‪(Rectus Abdominus‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ )‪(Rectus Abdominus‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﻳﻔﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻏﻀﺮﻭﻑ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪ 3‬ﺗﺎﻧﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﻧﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺲ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ‪ :‬ﺧﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺐ ‪ :‬ﺷﺶ ﻋﺼﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻏﻼﻑ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪(Rectus Sheat‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻭ ﻋﻘﺐ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺁﭘﻮﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺷﻜﻢ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﻂ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ )‪ (linea Alba‬ﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﻳﻔﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻤﻔﻴﺰ ﭘﻮﺑﻴﺲ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ )‪(External Oblique‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺖ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺳﺘﻴﻎ ﺍﻳﻠﻴﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺭﻛﺘﻮﺱ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﭘﻮﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ)‪(Inguinal ligament‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﭘﻮﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻤﻪ ﭘﻮﺑﻴﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﺗﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻗﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﮔﺮﺩ ﺭﺣﻤﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺮﺍ ‪ 2.5‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 4‬ﺳﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫‪Inguinal hernia‬‬

‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ) ‪ :(superficial Ing. Ring‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺘﻴﻎ ﭘﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ) ‪ 1.5 :(Deep Ing. Ring‬ﺳﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺭﻗﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ‪ Transvers fascia‬ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻖ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪(Inguinal hernia ) .‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻖ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪(Inguinal hernia ) .‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ )‪(Internal Oblique‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺘﻴﻎ ﺍﻳﻠﻴﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻟﻴﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ‪ 4‬ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﭘﻮﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﻠﻮ ﻭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻘﺐ ﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺷﻜﻢ )‪(Transversus Abdominus‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺘﻴﻎ ﺍﻳﻠﻴﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻟﻴﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻴﻎ ﺍﻳﻠﻴﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻏﻀﺮﻭﻑ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﭘﻮﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺷﻜﻢ‬

(Psoas Major) ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﭘﺴﻮﺍﺱ ﻣﺎژﻭﺭ‬ 

(Quadratus Lumbarum) ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ‬ 

Dr. Maria Zahiri

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﭘﺴﻮﺍﺱ ﻣﺎژﻭﺭ )‪(Psoas Major‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻟﻴﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻳﻨﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻭﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺧﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻧﺨﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ )‪(Quadratus Lumbarum‬‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﭘﺴﻮﺍﺱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺳﺘﻴﻎ ﺍﻳﻠﻴﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻧﺨﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻟﮕﻦ )‪(Pelvic Muscles‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ )‪(Iliacus‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺳﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ) ‪(obturator internus‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﮔﻼﺑﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ) ‪(Piriformis‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻟﮕﻦ )‪(Pelvic Muscles‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ )‪(Levator Ani‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﭽﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪(Coccygeos‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻟﮕﻨﻲ) ‪ (Pelvic diaphragm‬ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻛﻒ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻟﮕﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺍﺣﺸﺎء ﻟﮕﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‪ :‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺣﺸﺎء ﻟﮕﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺧﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ) ‪ (Prolaps‬ﺭﺣﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺜﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺗﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺩﺭ ‪ 4‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺫﻭﺯﻧﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ) ‪(Trapezius‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺰﺭگ )‪(latismus dorsi‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺫﻭﺯﻧﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ) ‪(Trapezius‬‬

‫ﭘﻬﻦ ﻭ ‪ 3‬ﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﭘﺲ ﺳﺮﻱ )‪ ، (ligamentum nuchae‬ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺧﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﺭ ﻛﺘﻒ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻛﺮﻭﻣﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻛﻼﻭﻳﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﺐ ‪ 11‬ﻣﻐﺰﻱ )‪(Accessory‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺰﺭگ )‪(latismus dorsi‬‬

‫ﭘﻬﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪﺍ‪ :‬ﺳﺘﻴﻎ ﺍﻳﻠﻴﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺧﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺧﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺶ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺸﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺘﻒ ﻭ ﻛﻒ ﻧﺎﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻪ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﻭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺗﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﺘﻒ ) ‪(levator scapula‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻻﺿﻼﻉ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ )‪(minor & major Rhomboid‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺗﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪3‬ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻱ) ‪(Splenius‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ )‪(Sup. & Inf. Serratus post.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

 ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺗﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪:‬‬
‫• ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫)‪(Erctor Spine‬‬
‫• ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺳﺎﻛﺮﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻭ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﻢ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺮ‬ ‫•‬

‫‪Dr. Maria Zahiri‬‬

‫ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻴﺪ‬

Dr. Maria Zahiri