Mimo (TDD) (5g Ran6.1 - Draft A)

5G RAN
MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter

Description
Issue Draft A
Date 2021-12-30
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

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5G RAN
MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description Contents
Contents
1 Change History.........................................................................................................................1
1.1 5G RAN6.1 Draft A (2021-12-30)...................................................................................................................................... 1
2 About This Document.............................................................................................................4

2.1 General Statements................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Features in This Document.................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3 Differences Between NR FDD and NR TDD................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Differences Between NSA and SA..................................................................................................................................... 6
2.5 Differences Between High Frequency Bands and Low Frequency Bands............................................................ 6
3 Overview....................................................................................................................................8
4 Basic Functions of MIMO.....................................................................................................10
4.1 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
4.1.1 Uplink Receive Diversity.................................................................................................................................................. 10
4.1.2 Downlink Beamforming.................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.1.3 Antenna Port Mapping.................................................................................................................................................... 14
4.1.3.1 Low-Frequency TDD 4T4R Cell Antenna Port Mapping................................................................................... 14
4.1.3.2 Low-Frequency TDD 8T8R Cell Antenna Port Mapping................................................................................... 16
4.1.4 Other Coverage Enhancement Functions................................................................................................................. 17
4.2 Network Analysis.................................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.2.1 Benefits................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.2.2 Impacts.................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
4.3 Requirements......................................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.3.1 Licenses................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
4.3.2 Software................................................................................................................................................................................20
4.3.3 Hardware.............................................................................................................................................................................. 20
4.3.4 Others.................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
4.4 Operation and Maintenance............................................................................................................................................. 21
4.4.1 Data Configuration........................................................................................................................................................... 21
4.4.1.1 Data Preparation............................................................................................................................................................ 21
4.4.1.2 Using MML Commands............................................................................................................................................... 23
4.4.1.3 Using the MAE-Deployment...................................................................................................................................... 23
4.4.2 Activation Verification..................................................................................................................................................... 24
4.4.3 Network Monitoring......................................................................................................................................................... 24
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5 SU-MIMO................................................................................................................................. 25
5.1 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
5.1.1 SU-MIMO Basics................................................................................................................................................................ 25
5.1.2 Downlink SU-MIMO Enhancements........................................................................................................................... 27
5.2.1 Benefits................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
5.2.2 Impacts.................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
5.3 Requirements......................................................................................................................................................................... 30
5.3.1 Licenses................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
5.3.2 Software................................................................................................................................................................................31
5.3.3 Hardware.............................................................................................................................................................................. 31
5.3.4 Others.................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
6 MU-MIMO............................................................................................................................... 37
6.1 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................................. 37
6.1.1 MU-MIMO Basics.............................................................................................................................................................. 37
6.1.2 MU-MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Procedures (Low-Frequency TDD)............................................................... 39
6.1.3 PDSCH MU-MIMO Enhancements (Low-Frequency TDD)................................................................................. 40
6.1.4 PUSCH MU-MIMO Enhancements (Low-Frequency TDD)................................................................................. 42
6.2.1 Benefits................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
6.2.2 Impacts.................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
6.3 Requirements......................................................................................................................................................................... 53
6.3.1 Licenses................................................................................................................................................................................. 53
6.3.2 Software................................................................................................................................................................................53
6.3.3 Hardware.............................................................................................................................................................................. 54
6.3.4 Others.................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
7 Distributed Massive MIMO (Low-Frequency TDD)....................................................... 64

7.1 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................................. 64
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7.2.1 Benefits................................................................................................................................................................................. 65
7.2.2 Impacts.................................................................................................................................................................................. 65
7.3 Requirements......................................................................................................................................................................... 66
7.3.1 Licenses................................................................................................................................................................................. 66
7.3.2 Software................................................................................................................................................................................67
7.3.3 Hardware.............................................................................................................................................................................. 68
7.3.4 Others.................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
8 Multi-Beam FDM (High-Frequency TDD)........................................................................71

8.1 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................................. 71
8.2.1 Benefits................................................................................................................................................................................. 72
8.2.2 Impacts.................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
8.3 Requirements......................................................................................................................................................................... 74
8.3.1 Licenses................................................................................................................................................................................. 74
8.3.2 Software................................................................................................................................................................................74
8.3.3 Hardware.............................................................................................................................................................................. 74
8.3.4 Others.................................................................................................................................................................................... 75
9 Inter-Cell Cable Sequence Detection................................................................................77

9.1 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................................. 77
9.2.1 Benefits................................................................................................................................................................................. 79
9.2.2 Impacts.................................................................................................................................................................................. 80
9.3 Requirements......................................................................................................................................................................... 81
9.3.1 Licenses................................................................................................................................................................................. 81
9.3.2 Software................................................................................................................................................................................81
9.3.3 Hardware.............................................................................................................................................................................. 82
9.3.4 Others.................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
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10 Parameters............................................................................................................................86
11 Counters................................................................................................................................ 87
12 Glossary................................................................................................................................. 88
13 Reference Documents........................................................................................................ 89
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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 1 Change History
1 Change History
This chapter describes changes not included in the "Parameters", "Counters",

"Glossary", and "Reference Documents" chapters. These changes include:
● Technical changes
Changes in functions and their corresponding parameters
● Editorial changes
Improvements or revisions to the documentation
1.1 5G RAN6.1 Draft A (2021-12-30)

This issue is the first release of MIMO (TDD), which is extracted from 5G RAN5.1
MIMO. This issue introduces the following changes to 5G RAN5.1 08 (2021-11-27).
Technical Changes
Change Description Parameter Change RAT Base Station Model
Replaced the Modified parameters: Low- 3900 and 5900 series

RSVDSWPARAM1_BIT11 ● Added the frequency base stations
and PUSCH_CE_SINR_LEVEL TDD
RSVDSWPARAM1_BIT15 _ENH_SW option to the
options of the NRDUCellPusch.PuschP
NRDUCellRsvdExt01.RsvdS erformanceSwitch
wParam1 parameter with parameter.
the
PUSCH_CE_SINR_LEVEL_E ● Added the
NH_SW option of the PUSCH_BEAM_SEL_OPT
NRDUCellPusch.PuschPerf _SW option to the
ormanceSwitch parameter NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.F
and the ullChannelCovEnhS-
PUSCH_BEAM_SEL_OPT_S witch parameter.
W option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.Full
ChannelCovEnhSwitch
parameter, respectively.
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Removed the impact None Low- DBS3900 LampSite

relationships of distributed frequency and DBS5900
massive MIMO with the TDD LampSite
multi-SLIV UE scheduling
function and uplink DMRS
types.
Added SRS SINR Added high-frequency TDD High- 3900 and 5900 series
measurement optimization. to the applicable mode of frequency base stations
For details, see 4.1.4 Other the TDD DBS3900 LampSite
Coverage Enhancement SRS_SINR_MEAS_OPT_SW and DBS5900
Functions. option of the LampSite
NRDUCellSrs.SrsAlgoSwitc
h parameter.
Added the SRS-based Added the Low- 3900 and 5900 series
weight validity period NRDUCellPdschPre- frequency base stations
function. For details, see code.SrsWeightValidity- TDD DBS3900 LampSite
4.1.2 Downlink Period parameter. and DBS5900
Beamforming. LampSite
Added SINR optimization Added the Low- 3900 and 5900 series
for downlink MU-MIMO. NRDUCellDlAmc.DlMuMi frequency base stations
For details, see 6.1.3 moSirScaleFactor TDD
PDSCH MU-MIMO parameter.
Enhancements (Low-
Frequency TDD).
Added the Added the Low- 3900 and 5900 series

NRDUCellDlRank.DlWeigh NRDUCellDlRank.DlWeigh frequency base stations
tAndRankValidPol tAndRankValidPol TDD
parameter to the disuse list. parameter to the disuse
list.
Disused the downlink MU- Added the Low- 3900 and 5900 series
MIMO frequency-domain NRDUCellDmrs.DlMuDmrs frequency base stations
correlation-based UE RsvdPortNum and TDD
pairing procedure. NRDUCellRsvdExt.RsvdPar
am7 parameters to the
disuse list.
Added the inter-cell cable Added the Low- 3900 and 5900 series
sequence detection AntPortOptDetPolicy frequency base stations
function. For details, see 9 parameter to the STR TDD
Inter-Cell Cable Sequence ANTENNAPORTOPTDET,
Detection. DSP
ANTENNAPORTOPTDET,
and STP
ANTENNAPORTOPTDET
commands.

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Supported weights based Added the R16_TYPE2_SW Low- 3900 and 5900 series
on R16 Type II codebooks. option to the frequency base stations
For details, see 5.1.2 NRDUCellPdschPre- TDD DBS3900 LampSite
Downlink SU-MIMO code.DlCodebookTypeS- and DBS5900
Enhancements. witch parameter. LampSite
Added the uplink MU- Added the Low- 3900 and 5900 series
MIMO cross-slot pairing MU_MULTI_SLOT_PAIR_S frequency base stations
function. For details, see W option to the TDD
6.1.4 PUSCH MU-MIMO NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMi
Enhancements (Low- moAlgoSwitch parameter.
Frequency TDD).
Added uplink MU-MIMO Added options to the Low- 3900 and 5900 series
pairing based on space NRDUCellPusch.UlPuschAl frequency base stations
domain optimization. For goSwitch parameter: TDD
details, see 6.1.4 PUSCH ● UL_SCHEDULE_ENH_SW
MU-MIMO Enhancements
(Low-Frequency TDD). ● UL_INTRF_RANDOMIZE
D_SCH_ENH_SW
Changed the maximum None Low- DBS3900 LampSite

number of PUSCH MU- frequency and DBS5900
MIMO layers from 6 to 8 in TDD LampSite
distributed massive MIMO
scenarios. For details, see
7.1 Principles.
Replaced the Added the Low- 3900 and 5900 series

RSVDSWPARAM3_BIT16 DIFF_FLDMRS_MAX_LENG frequency base stations
option of the TH_PAIR_SW option to the TDD
NRDUCellRsvdExt01.RsvdS NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMi
wParam3 parameter with moAlgoSwitch parameter.
the
DIFF_FLDMRS_MAX_LENG
TH_PAIR_SW option of the
NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMi
moAlgoSwitch parameter.
Editorial Changes
Revised descriptions in this document.
Added descriptions of packet length-based scheduling optimization. For details,
see 4.1.4 Other Coverage Enhancement Functions.
Added descriptions of delay-based scheduling optimization. For details, see 6.1.3
PDSCH MU-MIMO Enhancements (Low-Frequency TDD).

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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 2 About This Document
2 About This Document
2.1 General Statements

Purpose
Feature Parameter Description documents are intended to acquaint readers with:
● The technical principles of features and their related parameters
● The scenarios where these features are used, the benefits they provide, and
the impact they have on networks and functions
● Requirements of the operating environment that must be met before feature
activation
● Parameter configuration required for feature activation, verification of feature
activation, and monitoring of feature performance
NOTE
This document only provides guidance for feature activation. Feature deployment and
feature gains depend on the specifics of the network scenario where the feature is
deployed. To achieve optimal gains, contact Huawei professional service engineers.
Software Interfaces
Any parameters, alarms, counters, or managed objects (MOs) described in Feature
Parameter Description documents apply only to the corresponding software
release. For future software releases, refer to the corresponding updated product
documentation.
2.2 Features in This Document

This document describes the following features.

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Feature ID Feature Name Chapter/Section
FBFD-010003 MIMO Basic Package 4 Basic Functions

of MIMO
FOFD-010020 SU-MIMO Multiple Layers 5 SU-MIMO
FOFD-010010 MU-MIMO Basic Pairing 6 MU-MIMO
FOFD-050202 Distributed Massive MIMO 7 Distributed

Massive MIMO
(Low-Frequency
TDD)
FBFD-010025 Basic O&M Package 9 Inter-Cell Cable

Sequence
Detection
2.3 Differences Between NR FDD and NR TDD

Function Name Difference Chapter/Section
Basic functions of Only PMI-based weights but not SRS- 4 Basic Functions
MIMO based weights are supported in NR of MIMO
FDD. Both SRS-based weights and
PMI-based weights are supported in
NR TDD.
SU-MIMO None 5 SU-MIMO
MU-MIMO Supported in both NR FDD and NR 6 MU-MIMO

TDD. However, the support capabilities
and pairing procedures are different.
Distributed Supported only in NR TDD 7 Distributed

massive MIMO Massive MIMO
(low-frequency (Low-Frequency
TDD) TDD)
Multi-beam FDM Supported only in NR TDD 8 Multi-Beam

(high-frequency FDM (High-
TDD) Frequency TDD)
Inter-cell cable None 9 Inter-Cell Cable

sequence Sequence
detection Detection

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2.4 Differences Between NSA and SA

Basic functions of None 4 Basic Functions

MIMO of MIMO
SU-MIMO None 5 SU-MIMO
MU-MIMO None 6 MU-MIMO
Distributed None 7 Distributed

TDD) TDD)
Multi-beam FDM None 8 Multi-Beam

(high-frequency FDM (High-
TDD) Frequency TDD)
Inter-cell cable None 9 Inter-Cell Cable

sequence Sequence
detection Detection
2.5 Differences Between High Frequency Bands and

Low Frequency Bands
This document refers to frequency bands belonging to FR1 (410–7125 MHz) as
low frequency bands, and those belonging to FR2 (24250–52600 MHz) as high
frequency bands. For details about FR1 and FR2, see section 5.1 "General" in 3GPP
TS 38.104 V15.5.0.

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Basic functions of ● SA networking is supported only in 4 Basic Functions

MIMO FWA scenarios in high frequency of MIMO
bands and is supported in all
scenarios in low frequency bands.
● Only PMI-based weights but not
SRS-based weights are supported in
high frequency bands. Both SRS-
based weights and PMI-based
weights are supported in low
frequency bands.
● PUSCH beam domain enhancement
and PUSCH time domain
enhancement are supported only in
low frequency bands, not in high
frequency bands.
SU-MIMO SA networking is supported only in 5 SU-MIMO

FWA scenarios in high frequency
bands and is supported in all scenarios
in low frequency bands.
MU-MIMO Supported only in low frequency bands 6 MU-MIMO
Distributed Supported only in low frequency bands 7 Distributed

TDD) TDD)
Multi-beam FDM Supported only in high frequency 8 Multi-Beam

(high-frequency bands FDM (High-
TDD) Frequency TDD)
Inter-cell cable Supported only in low frequency bands 9 Inter-Cell Cable

sequence Sequence
detection Detection

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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 3 Overview
3 Overview
With the rapid development of wireless communications, increasingly high

requirements are imposed on system capacity and spectral efficiency. To meet
these requirements, various technologies have emerged. Common technologies
include extending system bandwidth and increasing signal modulation order.
However, extending system bandwidth can only increase system capacity but
cannot effectively improve spectral efficiency, while increasing signal modulation
order can only improve spectral efficiency to a limited extent on live networks, as
modulation order is strongly correlated with signal quality.
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a technology that uses multiple

antennas at the transmitter and receiver in combination with signal processing
techniques to multiply spectral efficiency. The capability of MIMO to improve
spectral efficiency is closely related to the number of antennas.
For NR TDD, MIMO greatly increases the number of antennas, evolving from the
LTE mainstream 2T2R/4T4R MIMO to the 5G mainstream 32T32R/64T64R massive
MIMO.
MIMO offers receive diversity, beamforming, and spatial multiplexing gains,

increasing system capacity and spectral efficiency, by using the following signal
processing techniques:
● Receive diversity: It is used for uplink reception. For details, see 4 Basic
Functions of MIMO.
● Beamforming: It is used for downlink transmission. For details, see 4 Basic
Functions of MIMO.
● Spatial multiplexing
For details about spatial multiplexing of a single UE's multiple data streams,
see 5 SU-MIMO.
For details about spatial multiplexing of multiple UEs' data streams in a cell,
see 6 MU-MIMO.
LampSite base stations can use distributed antennas to form distributed massive
MIMO cells. For details, see 7 Distributed Massive MIMO (Low-Frequency TDD).
For high-frequency TDD, the gNodeB can also use multi-beam frequency division
multiplexing (FDM) to improve spectral efficiency. For details, see 8 Multi-Beam
FDM (High-Frequency TDD).

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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 3 Overview
Cable sequence detection can be used to find and solve antenna connection
problems during engineering deployment. For details, see 9 Inter-Cell Cable
Sequence Detection.

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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 4 Basic Functions of MIMO
4 Basic Functions of MIMO
4.1 Principles
4.1.1 Uplink Receive Diversity
Figure 4-1 shows the principles of uplink receive diversity.
Figure 4-1 Principles of uplink receive diversity
The UE sends signal x, which passes through different channels to the gNodeB's M
antennas r1 to rM. The gNodeB applies a weight wi to each received signal, and
then combines the weighted signals into signal y. The combined signal can be
expressed as follows:
y = W (Hx + N)
where
● W = (w1, ..., wM): 1xM vector composed of RX antenna weights.
● H = (h1, ..., hM)T: Mx1 vector composed of spatial channel coefficients. hi
indicates the coefficient of channel i, and T is a transpose operator. The

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channel coefficients are used to obtain the signals that change in amplitude
and phase after passing through channels.
● N = (n1, ..., nM)T: Mx1 vector composed of received noises.
● x: TX signal.
4.1.2 Downlink Beamforming

Downlink beamforming is a technique in which a gNodeB can weight a to-be-
transmitted signal to generate a directional narrow beam.
Figure 4-2 shows the weighting principles. The signal to be transmitted is
weighted using different weights (w1, ..., wM) on different logical antenna ports to
change the signal amplitude and phase. After the signal energy radiated by the
antennas is superimposed, a beam towards the UE is generated. The more the
antennas, the narrower the beam and the more flexible the beam direction. Each
data stream corresponds to an independent weight value, that is, corresponds to a
directional beam.
Figure 4-2 Weighting
The weights (w1, ..., wM) are used to change the beamwidth and direction. They
are calculated based on downlink channel status.
There are two methods of weight calculation:
● Weight calculation based on sounding reference signal (SRS): The calculation
procedure is illustrated in Figure 4-3.
● Weight calculation based on precoding matrix indication (PMI): The
calculation procedure is illustrated in Figure 4-4.

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Figure 4-3 SRS-based weight calculation
Figure 4-4 PMI-based weight calculation
For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 4T4R antennas, the gNodeB can
adaptively select SRS- or PMI-based weights for the downlink so that the weights
can more accurately reflect the quality of traffic channels, increasing the downlink
throughput of cell edge users (CEUs). If the numbers of TX and RX antennas are
less than four, PMI-based weights are always used and SRS-based weights are not
supported.

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For low-frequency cells, adaptation between downlink SRS-based weights and

PMI-based weights is controlled by the DL_PMI_SRS_ADAPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.AdaptiveEdgeExpEnhSwitch parameter.
● If the option is selected, the function is enabled. SRS- or PMI-based weights
are selected as follows:
– When a UE initially accesses a cell, SRS-based weights are used by
default.
– When the SRS SINR is greater than
(NRDUCellPdsch.SrsPreSinrJudgeThld + 3 dB), SRS-based weights are
used.
– When the SRS SINR is less than (NRDUCellPdsch.SrsPreSinrJudgeThld –
3 dB), PMI-based weights are used.
– When the SRS SINR is in the range of
[NRDUCellPdsch.SrsPreSinrJudgeThld – 3 dB,
NRDUCellPdsch.SrsPreSinrJudgeThld + 3 dB], the weight type remains
unchanged.
● If the option is deselected, then: (1) for antenna selection UEs, the type of
weights (SRS- or PMI-based) is determined by the
NRDUCellPdsch.FixedWeightType parameter; (2) for non-antenna-selection
UEs, PMI-based weights are always used and SRS-based weights are not
supported.
SRS-based weights are valid in a certain period, which is specified by the

NRDUCellPdschPrecode.SrsWeightValidityPeriod parameter. When the SRS
reporting interval exceeds the value of this parameter, SRS-based weights become
invalid and PMI-based weights are used instead for the downlink.
SRS-based weights are used to evaluate the quality of downlink channels based
on the reciprocity between uplink and downlink channels. In a TDD system, air
interface channels naturally have reciprocity, but RF channels require calibration to
ensure the reciprocity between TX and RX channels. 3900 and 5900 series base
stations always perform channel calibration. DBS3900 LampSite and DBS5900
LampSite support channel calibration only in distributed massive MIMO cells for
which the INTER_RRU_CHN_CALIB_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.ChnCalibSwitch parameter is selected.
NOTE
PMI-based weights are always used if channel calibration is not supported. If channel
calibration is not supported in a cell, a corresponding notification will be displayed after the
STR NRDUCELLCHNCALIB command is executed. Channel calibration is not supported in
the following scenarios:
● RF modules do not have the required capability.
● Channel shutdown takes effect.
● There is only one GP symbol in the self-contained slot of a LampSite cell.
● The number of pRRUs that meet calibration conditions in a LampSite cell is less than 2.
The possible causes are as follows.
● The number of available pRRUs is less than 2.
● pRRUs are far away from each other.
● The number of pRRUs whose transmit power is the same as the configured TRP
power is less than 2 in a cell. In a distributed massive MIMO cell, the TRP refers to
the master TRP.

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4.1.3 Antenna Port Mapping

The polarization modes of logical antenna ports and physical antenna ports
corresponding to RRU channels may not be matched during installation. As a
result, the beam coverage deteriorates. The antenna port mapping function is
introduced to avoid a second installation for adjusting the connections between
RRU channels and antennas. This function is controlled by the
NRDUCellCoverage.AntennaPortMapping parameter.
For TDD 4T4R cells, antenna port mapping is performed as described in 4.1.3.1
Low-Frequency TDD 4T4R Cell Antenna Port Mapping. The gNodeB applies one
polarization weight to logical antenna ports 0 and 2 and another polarization
weight to logical antenna ports 1 and 3. Therefore, antenna port mapping has the
following requirements:
● Port 0 is always mapped to RRU channel A. The RRU channels corresponding
to ports 0 and 2 must be connected to a pair of physical antenna ports with
the same polarization.
● The RRU channels corresponding to ports 1 and 3 must be connected to
another pair of physical antenna ports with the same polarization.
When the logical antenna ports and the corresponding physical antenna ports
have the same polarization mode, the downlink multi-antenna performance
improves. For UEs accessing the network, the access success rate increases. For
UEs performing data transmission, the downlink throughput increases.
For TDD 8T8R cells, the mapping between logical antenna ports and RRU channels
needs to be determined based on the polarized antenna sequence. If the
connections are fixed, the mapping can be adjusted using the
NRDUCellCoverage.AntennaPortMapping parameter. For details, see 4.1.3.2
Low-Frequency TDD 8T8R Cell Antenna Port Mapping.
4.1.3.1 Low-Frequency TDD 4T4R Cell Antenna Port Mapping

For a TDD 4T4R cell, the mapping between logical antenna ports and RRU
channels is specified by the NRDUCellCoverage.AntennaPortMapping parameter.
Table 4-1 lists the recommended configurations for different connections, taking a
TDD 4T4R RRU as an example.
Table 4-1 Recommended antenna port mapping configurations for different TDD
4T4R RRU connections
RRU Channels Recommended Logical Antenna Ports

Connected to Physical NRDUCellCoverage.Ant Mapped to RRU
Antenna Ports (+45°, – ennaPortMapping Channels (A, B, C, D)
45°, +45°, –45°) Parameter Setting
(A, B, C, D) 4T_0123 or DEFAULT (0, 1, 2, 3)
(A, C, D, B) 4T_0312 (0, 3, 1, 2)
(A, B, D, C) 4T_0132 (0, 1, 3, 2)
(A, C, B, D) 4T_0213 (0, 2, 1, 3)

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RRU Channels Recommended Logical Antenna Ports

Connected to Physical NRDUCellCoverage.Ant Mapped to RRU
Antenna Ports (+45°, – ennaPortMapping Channels (A, B, C, D)
45°, +45°, –45°) Parameter Setting
(A, D, B, C) 4T_0231 (0, 2, 3, 1)
(A, D, C, B) 4T_0321 (0, 3, 2, 1)
Note: Physical antenna ports (+45°, –45°, +45°, –45°) indicate that the
polarization directions of physical antenna ports are +45°, –45°, +45°, and –45°,
respectively.
Figure 4-5 shows the mapping. The optimal mapping is that channels A, B, C, and
D are mapped to ports 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In this case, channel A (port 0)
and channel C (port 2) are connected to a pair of +45° physical antenna ports,
and channel B (port 1) and channel D (port 3) are connected to another pair of –
45° physical antenna ports. Therefore, the optimal setting of the
NRDUCellCoverage.AntennaPortMapping parameter is 4T_0123.
Figure 4-5 Antenna port mapping for a TDD 4T4R RRU

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4.1.3.2 Low-Frequency TDD 8T8R Cell Antenna Port Mapping

For low-frequency TDD 8T8R cells, the mapping between logical antenna ports
and RRU channels can be adjusted based on the polarized antenna sequence using
a parameter so that the mapping between antennas and logical antenna ports is
as follows: (L+, port 0), (L-, port 4), (CL+, port 1), (CL-, port 5), (CR+, port 2), (CR-,
port 6), (R+, port 3), and (R-, port 7). Specifically,
● If a low-frequency TDD 8T8R RRU and Huawei TDD 8T8R passive antennas
are connected through feeders as shown in Figure 4-6, it is recommended
that the NRDUCellCoverage.AntennaPortMapping parameter be set to
DEFAULT (corresponding to 8T_32107654).
Figure 4-6 Antenna port mapping for a low-frequency TDD 8T8R RRU and
Huawei TDD 8T8R passive antennas
● If a low-frequency TDD 8T8R RRU and a Huawei AAU with passive antennas
are connected through feeders as shown in Figure 4-7, it is recommended
that the NRDUCellCoverage.AntennaPortMapping parameter be set to
8T_01234567.
Figure 4-7 Antenna port mapping for a low-frequency TDD 8T8R RRU and a
Huawei AAU with passive antennas
It is recommended that Huawei 8T8R antennas or NGMN-compliant 8T8R

antennas be used. Using other antennas may result in mismatched polarized
antenna sequences, affecting cell coverage. NGMN stands for Next Generation
Mobile Network.

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4.1.4 Other Coverage Enhancement Functions

The following functions can be used to increase the uplink UE throughput:
● PUSCH beam domain enhancement: This function is controlled by the
PUSCH_BEAM_DOMAIN_ENH_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.FullChannelCovEnhSwitch parameter. This function
takes effect only in low-frequency TDD 32T32R and 64T64R cells.
The gNodeB can adaptively adjust the number of PUSCH reception beams. In
multipath scenarios, it increases the number of reception beams to improve
the demodulation performance and uplink throughput. In dense urban areas
with multipath, the gains are higher. In open areas, the gains are lower but
there are no negative impacts.
● PUSCH time domain enhancement: This function is controlled by the
PUSCH_TIME_DOMAIN_ENH_SW option of the
takes effect only for SU-MIMO CEUs. For TDD, this function takes effect only
in low-frequency TDD 32T32R and 64T64R cells.
Based on the power delay profile (PDP) of PUSCH DMRS, the following
methods are used to retain useful signals, suppress white noise, improve
channel estimation accuracy, improve uplink demodulation performance, and
increase uplink CEU throughput. When there is no interference, the gains are
the highest. The higher the interference, the lower the gains but there are no
negative impacts.
– Larger weight values are used for time-domain sampling points with
higher power.
– Smaller weight values are used for time-domain sampling points with
lower power.
● SRS SINR measurement optimization: This function is controlled by the
SRS_SINR_MEAS_OPT_SW option of the NRDUCellSrs.SrsAlgoSwitch
parameter. For low-frequency TDD 32T32R and 64T64R cells, this function
corrects SRS measurement results based on interference strength, and
increases the uplink cell throughput and UE throughput by improving the
accuracy of SRS SINR measurement results and uplink MCS indexes. For high-
frequency TDD cells, this function optimizes SRS measurement based on inter-
layer interference, and increases the uplink cell throughput and UE
throughput by improving the accuracy of SRS SINR measurement results,
uplink ranks, and MCS indexes.
● Fast uplink rank reduction based on SRS SINR: This function is controlled by
the UL_RANK_FAST_DECREASE_SW option of the
NRDUCellUlRank.UlRankAlgoSw parameter. This function identifies whether
UEs are in power saving or dual-SIM dual-pass mode based on the SRS SINR
difference between streams. If so, it quickly reduces ranks to increase the
uplink throughput of UEs.
● PUSCH beam optimization: This function is controlled by the
PUSCH_BEAM_SEL_OPT_SW option of the
takes effect only in low-frequency TDD 32T32R and 64T64R cells. After this
function takes effect, 16 or 32 beams are adaptively selected for different
equivalent UEs to receive in a cell. An equivalent UE may represent multiple
actual UEs, and the same number of beams are selected for these UEs to
improve the interference suppression effect.

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● Enhanced PUSCH SNR level for channel estimation: This function is controlled
by the PUSCH_CE_SINR_LEVEL_ENH_SW option of the
NRDUCellPusch.PuschPerformanceSwitch parameter. For low-frequency
TDD 32T32R and 64T64R cells, this function improves the PUSCH
demodulation performance in interference scenarios and increases the uplink
cell throughput and uplink UE throughput.
● On live networks, the traffic models of different UEs differ greatly. Based on
the traffic models and signal quality, the packet length-based scheduling
optimization function preferentially schedules small-packet UEs with smaller
buffered data volume and better signal quality to improve the user-perceived
rate. This function can take effect for specific UEs, depending on the
NRDUCellPdsch.DlSchOptTimeThld parameter. If the downlink data
transmission scheduling duration estimated for a UE is less than the value of
NRDUCellPdsch.DlSchOptTimeThld, the downlink data transmission
scheduling priority of this UE is increased. Otherwise, the priority remains
unchanged. If NRDUCellPdsch.DlSchOptTimeThld is set to 0, the packet
length-based scheduling optimization function does not take effect. This
function applies only to low-frequency TDD cells with at most 8T8R.
4.2 Network Analysis
4.2.1 Benefits
Array, diversity, and beamforming gains are offered by multiple TX and RX
antennas, as shown in Figure 4-8, Figure 4-9, and Figure 4-10. Cell coverage
improves; specifically, coverage direction is more flexible, coverage scope is wider,
and three-dimensional coverage can be provided in 32T32R and 64T64R mode. As
a result, the average UE throughput increases in both uplink and downlink.
Figure 4-8 Array gain
Figure 4-9 Diversity gain

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Figure 4-10 Beamforming gain
4.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
In heavy-load scenarios, the BBP CPU usage is high. To reduce the BBP CPU usage
and improve gNodeB MIMO performance by optimizing the MIMO measurement
algorithm, the CHN_MEASURE_CPU_DEC_SW option of the
gNodeBParam.NrBoardPerformanceSw parameter can be selected to enable the
function of CPU usage reduction for channel measurement. CPU usage reduction
for channel measurement is not supported in high-frequency TDD.
Function Impacts
RAT Function Function Switch Reference Description
Name
Low- RF channel RF_SHUTDOWN_SW Energy RF channel intelligent

frequency intelligent option of the Conservati shutdown cannot take
TDD shutdown NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.P on and effect during channel
owerSavingSwitch Emission calibration if not taking
parameter Reduction effect before channel
calibration. RF channel
intelligent shutdown
remains in effect during
channel calibration if
having taken effect before
channel calibration.
High- Uplink UL_256QAM_MPR_OPT Schedulin It is recommended that SRS

frequency power _SW option of the g SINR measurement
TDD reduction NRDUCellUlAmc.UlAmc optimization be enabled
optimization AlgoSw parameter together with uplink power
reduction optimization to
reduce the uplink BLER
during modulation order
switching.

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Name
High- Uplink UE UL_USER_SINR_OPT_S None It is recommended that SRS

frequency SINR WITCH option of the SINR measurement
TDD optimization NRDUCellPusch.UlPusc optimization be enabled
hAlgoSwitch parameter together with uplink UE
SINR optimization to
improve the accuracy of
SINR calculation in single-
UE multi-stream scenarios.
High- PUSCH PUSCH_BEAM_ALLOC_ None It is recommended that SRS

frequency beam OPT_SW option of the SINR measurement
TDD allocation NRDUCellTrpMmwav- optimization be enabled
optimization Beam.BeamPerformanc together with PUSCH beam
eSw parameter allocation optimization.
4.3 Requirements
4.3.1 Licenses
None
4.3.2 Software
Prerequisite Functions
None
Mutually Exclusive Functions

None
4.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models
3900 and 5900 series base stations. 3900 series base stations must be configured
with the BBU3910.
DBS3900 LampSite and DBS5900 LampSite. DBS3900 LampSite must be
configured with the BBU3910.
Boards
All NR-capable main control boards and baseband processing units support this
function. For details, see the BBU technical specifications in 3900 & 5900 Series
Base Station Product Documentation.

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Among BBPs, only UBBPg series boards support SRS-based weights for LampSite
4T4R cells.
RF Modules
All NR-capable RF modules support this function. For details, see the technical
specifications of RF modules in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station Product
Documentation.
For distributed massive MIMO cells served by LampSite base stations, PMI-based
weights are always used when the pRRU596x is used and the
NRDUCell.SlotStructure parameter is set to SS1, SS21, SS51, SS81, SS101, or
SS71; SRS-based weights are supported in other situations.
4.3.4 Others
For details about connections between antennas and RRUs, see the RF cable
connection description in the RRU hardware description in 3900 & 5900 Series
4.4 Operation and Maintenance
4.4.1 Data Configuration
4.4.1.1 Data Preparation

This function does not need to be activated. Table 4-2 describes the required
parameters.
Table 4-2 Required parameters

Parameter Parameter ID Option Setting Notes
Name
Transmit and NRDUCellTrp. None Set this parameter based on

Receive Mode TxRxMode the numbers of TX and RX
antennas of an RF module.
Adaptive Edge NRDUCellAlg DL_PMI_SRS_ Select this option.

Experience oSwitch.Adap ADAPT_SW
Enhance tiveEdgeExpE
Switch nhSwitch
Full Channel NRDUCellAlg PUSCH_BEAM Select this option.
Coverage oSwitch.FullC _DOMAIN_EN
Enhancement hannelCovEn H_SW
Switch hSwitch

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Name
Full Channel NRDUCellAlg PUSCH_TIME_ Select this option.

Coverage oSwitch.FullC DOMAIN_EN
Switch hSwitch
Full Channel NRDUCellAlg PUSCH_CE_SI Select this option.
Coverage oSwitch.FullC NR_LEVEL_EN
Switch hSwitch
SRS Pre-SINR NRDUCellPds None Retain the default value.
Judge ch.SrsPreSinr
Threshold JudgeThld
Fixed Weight NRDUCellPds None Set this parameter based on
Type ch.FixedWeig cell capability.
htType
Antenna Port NRDUCellCov None This parameter takes effect
Mapping erage.Antenn only for 4T4R cells and TDD
aPortMappin 8T8R cells.
g
Channel NRDUCellAlg INTER_RRU_C For distributed massive MIMO
Calibration oSwitch.Chn HN_CALIB_S cells served by LampSite base
Switch CalibSwitch W stations, select this option to
enable channel calibration so
as to ensure the reciprocity
between uplink and downlink
channels if the
DL_PMI_SRS_ADAPT_SW
option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.Adapti
veEdgeExpEnhSwitch
parameter is selected or the
NRDUCellPdsch.FixedWeight
Type parameter is set to
SRS_WEIGHT.
NR Board gNodeBPara CHN_MEASU Switch-on is recommended in

Performance m.NrBoardPe RE_CPU_DEC_ heavy-load scenarios to reduce
Switch rformanceSw SW the BBP CPU usage.
SRS NRDUCellSrs. SRS_SINR_ME Set it based on the network

Algorithm SrsAlgoSwitc AS_OPT_SW plan.
Switch h
Uplink Rank NRDUCellUlR UL_RANK_FAS Switch-on is recommended.
Algorithm ank.UlRankAl T_DECREASE_
Switch goSw SW

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Name
SRS-based NRDUCellPds None Set this parameter to its

Weight chPrecode.Srs recommended value.
Validity WeightValidi
Period tyPeriod
Downlink NRDUCellPds None It is recommended that this
Schedule Opt ch.DlSchOptT parameter be set to 300 in
Time imeThld medium- and heavy-load
Threshold scenarios (where the PRB
usage is greater than 60%).
Retain the default value in
other scenarios.
PUSCH NRDUCellPus PUSCH_CE_SI Switch-on is recommended.

Performance ch.PuschPerf NR_LEVEL_EN
Switch ormanceSwit H_SW
ch
4.4.1.2 Using MML Commands

Before using MML commands, refer 4.2.2 Impacts and 4.3.2 Software and
complete the parameter configurations for related functions based on the impact,
dependency, and mutually exclusive relationships between the functions, as well
as the actual network scenario.
//Setting the TX/RX mode of a cell
MOD NRDUCELLTRP: NrDuCellTrpId=0, NrDuCellId=0, TxRxMode=64T64R;
//Configuring adaptation between downlink SRS-based weights and PMI-based weights (only for low-
frequency TDD)
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0, AdaptiveEdgeExpEnhSwitch=DL_PMI_SRS_ADAPT_SW-1;
//Configuring the SRS-based weight validity period
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCHPRECODE: NrDuCellId=0,SrsWeightValidityPeriod=MS400;
//Configuring other coverage enhancement functions
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0,
FullChannelCovEnhSwitch=PUSCH_BEAM_DOMAIN_ENH_SW-1&PUSCH_TIME_DOMAIN_ENH_SW-1&PUSCH
_CE_SINR_LEVEL_ENH_SW-1;
//Setting the SRS Pre-SINR Judge Threshold parameter
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, SrsPreSinrJudgeThld=-100;
//Configuring the packet length-based scheduling optimization function
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, DlSchOptTimeThld=300;
//(Optional, only for 4T4R and 8T8R cells) Configuring antenna port mapping
MOD NRDUCELLCOVERAGE: NrDuCellTrpId=0, NrDuCellCoverageId=0, AntennaPortMapping=DEFAULT;
//Enabling CPU usage reduction for channel measurement

MOD GNODEBPARAM: NrBoardPerformanceSw=CHN_MEASURE_CPU_DEC_SW-1;
//Configuring enhanced functions
MOD NRDUCELLSRS: NrDuCellId=0, SrsAlgoSwitch=SRS_SINR_MEAS_OPT_SW-1;
MOD NRDUCELLULRANK: NrDuCellId=0, UlRankAlgoSw=UL_RANK_FAST_DECREASE_SW-1;
MOD NRDUCELLPUSCH: NrDuCellId=0, PuschPerformanceSwitch=PUSCH_CE_SINR_LEVEL_ENH_SW-1;
4.4.1.3 Using the MAE-Deployment

For detailed operations, see Feature Configuration Using the MAE-Deployment.

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4.4.2 Activation Verification

NR cells are multi-antenna cells by default. The basic functions of MIMO do not
require additional activation verification.
4.4.3 Network Monitoring

NR cells are multi-antenna cells by default. The basic functions of MIMO do not
require additional network monitoring.
You can observe the service performance of a cell by observing the following KPIs
related to average UE throughput:
● User Uplink Average Throughput (DU)
● User Downlink Average Throughput (DU)

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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 5 SU-MIMO
5 SU-MIMO
5.1 Principles
5.1.1 SU-MIMO Basics

Overview
Single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) is a multi-antenna technique that implements
spatial multiplexing of time-frequency resources for a single UE. It applies to
PUSCH and PDSCH. It enables multi-layer data transmission, as shown in Figure
5-1, and increases the single UE peak rate in both uplink and downlink.
Figure 5-1 SU-MIMO
Uplink SU-MIMO
This function is controlled by the UL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.SuMimoMultipleLayerSw parameter.
For low-frequency TDD cells with 32 or more RX antennas on the gNodeB side
and high-frequency TDD cells, the maximum number of PUSCH multiplexing

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layers for a single UE is equal to the minimum among the number of gNodeB RX
antennas, the number of UE TX antennas, and the value of
NRDUCellPusch.MaxMimoLayerCnt.
For cells with eight or fewer RX antennas on the gNodeB side, the maximum
number of PUSCH multiplexing layers for a single UE is equal to the smaller one
between the number of gNodeB RX antennas and the number of UE TX antennas,
as listed in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1 Maximum number of PUSCH layers for a single UE
Number of gNodeB RX Number of UE TX Maximum Number of

Antennas Antennas PUSCH SU-MIMO
Layers
8R 2T 2
4R 2T 2
2R 2T 2
The number of gNodeB RX antennas is specified by the NRDUCellTrp.TxRxMode

parameter. The RF module hardware capability needs to be considered during the
configuration.
Downlink SU-MIMO
This function is controlled by the DL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW option of the
For low-frequency TDD cells with 32 or more TX antennas on the gNodeB side and
high-frequency TDD cells, the maximum number of PDSCH multiplexing layers for
a single UE is equal to the minimum among the gNodeB TX antennas, the number
of UE RX antennas, and the value of NRDUCellPdsch.MaxMimoLayerNum.
For cells with eight or fewer TX antennas on the gNodeB side, the maximum
number of PDSCH multiplexing layers for a single UE is equal to the smaller one
between the number of gNodeB TX antennas and the number of UE RX antennas,
as listed in Table 5-2.
Table 5-2 Maximum number of PDSCH layers for a single UE
Number of gNodeB TX Number of UE RX Maximum Number of

Antennas Antennas PDSCH SU-MIMO
Layers
8T 4R 4
4T 4R 4
2T 4R 2

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The number of gNodeB TX antennas is specified by the NRDUCellTrp.TxRxMode

configuration.
5.1.2 Downlink SU-MIMO Enhancements

Downlink SU-MIMO can be optimized from multiple dimensions, such as the
number of layers, power, and precoding, to increase the downlink UE throughput.
● In low-frequency TDD cells with at least 4T, the number of downlink layers
can be optimized to better match the actual channel quality and increase the
downlink UE throughput when SRS-based weights are used. This function is
controlled by the DL_RANK_ADAPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellPdsch.DlLinkAdaptEnhancementSw parameter.
● In low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T, the power of each layer can be
adjusted for antenna selection UEs.
a. During single-DCI scheduling, the power of each layer can be adjusted
based on the respective channel quality to increase the downlink UE
throughput. This function is controlled by the
DL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_PWR_CTRL_SW option of the
b. If the DL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_PWR_CTRL_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.SuMimoMultipleLayerSw parameter is selected
and UEs are in movement, the power of each layer can also be adjusted
based on MCSs to further increase the downlink throughput of moving
UEs. This function is controlled by the DL_SU_PWR_CTRL_ENH_SW
option of the NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.SuMimoMultipleLayerSw
parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T, the power of each layer can be
adjusted in multiple ways for non-antenna-selection UEs. This function is
controlled by the NRDUCellChnPwr.MultiLayerPwrCtrlPol parameter. If the
parameter is set to NO_CONFIG, the power of each layer is adjusted based on
their channel quality. If the parameter is set to
NORMAL_CODEBOOK_PWR_CTRL, the power of each layer is adjusted based
on the setting of NRDUCellChnPwr.MultiLayerPwrCtrlMcsThld and MCS
indexes. If the parameter is set to ALL_CODEBOOK_PWR_CTRL, the power of
each layer is adjusted based on the
NRDUCellChnPwr.MultiLayerPwrCtrlMcsThld,
NRDUCellChnPwr.MultiLayerPwrDiscountCoeff, and
NRDUCellChnPwr.MultiLayerPwrOfsLowerLmt parameters to further
increase the downlink UE throughput.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T, assume that 1T4R and 2T4R
antenna-selection UEs in movement use SRS-based weights and the wideband
SRS period is a short period. Then, channel information in the next SRS period
can be predicted based on historical and current channel information. This
enables the acquisition of more accurate SRS-based weights and increases the
downlink throughput of moving UEs. This function is controlled by the
DL_SU_PREDICT_MOBILITY_ENH_SW option of the
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T, assume that 1T4R or 2T4R
antenna-selection UEs in movement use SRS-based weights, the wideband
SRS period is a short period, and DL CoMP is used for the UEs. Then, the

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channel information in the next SRS period can be predicted in the

cooperating cells of the UEs based on the historical and current channel
information. This enables the acquisition of more accurate SRS-based weights
and increases the moving UEs' downlink throughput in their cooperating cells.
This function is controlled by the DL_SU_INTRA_COMP_MOB_ENH_SW
option of the NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.SuMimoMultipleLayerSw parameter.
This function requires the selection of both the
DL_SU_PREDICT_MOBILITY_ENH_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.SuMimoMultipleLayerSw parameter and the
INTRA_GNB_DL_JT_SW option of the NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.CompSwitch
parameter. This function takes effect for 1T4R antenna selection UEs in NSA
networking and 2T4R antenna selection UEs in SA networking.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T, precoding enhancement for
non-antenna-selection UEs can be used for 1T4R or 2T4R non-antenna-
selection UEs to improve their performance. This function is controlled by the
DL_NAS_PRECODE_ENH_SW option of the
NRDUCellPdschPrecode.SuNonAsPrecodeSw parameter. The MCS index
threshold for this function to take effect is specified by the
NRDUCellPdschPrecode.NonAsPrecodeEnhMcsThld parameter. The
coefficient correction values of this function for 1T4R and 2T4R UEs are
specified by the NRDUCellPdschPrecode.Srs1TNonAsPrecodeEnhCoeff and
NRDUCellPdschPrecode.Srs2TNonAsPrecodeEnhCoeff parameters,
respectively.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T, the RB allocation policy is
optimized to increase downlink user-perceived rates. This function is
controlled by the SU_DMRS_OH_ADAPT_DEDUCT_SW option of the
NRDUCellDmrs.DlDmrsSwitch parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells, downlink SRS-based weights in SRS DTX
scenarios are optimized to increase the downlink UE throughput. This function
is controlled by the SRS_PRECODE_OPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellPdschPrecode.DlPrecodeOptOnSrsDtxSw parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T, the SRS-based weight update
delay can be shortened to increase the downlink weight accuracy and
downlink throughput of the following UEs: (1) 1T4R antenna selection UEs
moving in cells with the NRDUCell.SlotAssignment parameter set to
8_2_DDDDDDDSUU, 8_2_DDDSUUDDDD, 4_1_DDDSU, or
7_3_DDDSUDDSUU; (2) 2T4R antenna selection UEs moving in cells with the
parameter set to 4_1_DDDSU or 7_3_DDDSUDDSUU. This function is
controlled by the NRDUCellPdschPrecode.SrsPrecodeUptDelayReduPol
parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells, the power of each layer can be adjusted for cell
center UEs (CCUs) during rank-3 or rank-4 scheduling to reduce the UE power
saturation and increase the downlink UE throughput. The prerequisite is that
power reduction for CCUs is enabled by setting the
NRDUCellChnPwr.MaxBsEvmPwrOffset or
NRDUCellChnPwr.MaxUeSatPwrOffset parameter to a non-zero value. The
maximum adjustment by the saturation power control function for CCUs is
specified by the NRDUCellChnPwr.MaxUeSatPrecodePwrOffset parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 4T, R16 Type II codebooks can be
used to improve the precoding matrix accuracy and further increase the
downlink user-perceived rate. This function is controlled by the

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R16_TYPE2_SW option of the

NRDUCellPdschPrecode.DlCodebookTypeSwitch parameter.
5.2.1 Benefits
SU-MIMO provides the following benefits:
● Uplink SU-MIMO
If a UE supports uplink data transmission over N layers, its uplink peak rate is
theoretically N times that of data transmission over a single layer.
● Downlink SU-MIMO
If a UE supports downlink data transmission over N layers, its downlink peak
rate is theoretically N times that of data transmission over a single layer.
5.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
None
Function Impacts
Name
Low- MIMO layer UE_DL_MIMO_LAYER_R UE Power When both SU-MIMO and

frequency reduction EDUCE_SW option of Saving MIMO layer reduction are
TDD the enabled, the value of the
NRCellAlgoSwitch.UeP N.ChMeas.MIMO.DL.Trans
wrSavingSwitch mission.Layer counter may
parameter decrease.
Low- Low latency HIGH_RELIABILITY_BAS URLLC When high reliability

frequency and high IC_SW option of the functions are enabled, only
TDD reliability NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.H single-stream rank 1 is
ighReliabilitySwitch supported.
parameter
Low- Power BWP2_SWITCH option UE Power Enabling the power saving

frequency saving BWP of the Saving BWP function after
TDD NRDUCellUePwrSav- enabling MIMO may
ing.BwpPwrSavingSw decrease the number of
parameter layers and BLER, increase
the number of scheduling
times, and decrease the
average cell throughput
and UE throughput.

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5.3 Requirements
5.3.1 Licenses
The license for SU-MIMO Multiple Layers has been purchased.
RAT Feature ID Feature Name Model Sales Unit
Low- FOFD-010020 SU-MIMO Multiple NR0S0PRE per Cell

frequency Layers UM00
TDD
High-
frequency
TDD
For low-frequency gNodeBs with at least 32T32R, the license for the number of
spatial multiplexing layers is also required. The maximum number cannot exceed
the licensed number. One license unit corresponds to two layers. For details about
licensing rules, see License Management.
RAT Model Description Sales Unit
Low- NR0S0DLEPU00 Massive MIMO DL per 2 Layers per Cell

frequency 2-Layers Extended
TDD Processing Unit
License (NR)
Low- NR0S0ULEPU00 Massive MIMO UL per 2 Layers per Cell

frequency 2-Layers Extended
TDD Processing Unit
License (NR)
For high-frequency TDD, the license for the number of spatial multiplexing layers
is also required. The maximum number cannot exceed the licensed number. One
license unit corresponds to two layers. For details about licensing rules, see License
Management.
High- NR0SMMWDLE00 mmWave DL 2- per 2 Layers per 100MHz per

frequency Layers Extended Cell
TDD Processing Unit
License (NR)

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High- NR0SMMWULE00 mmWave UL 2- per 2 Layers per 100MHz per

frequency Layers Extended Cell
TDD Processing Unit
License (NR)
5.3.2 Software
None

None
5.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models

with the BBU3910.

Boards
RF Modules
All NR-capable RF modules support this function. For details, see the technical
specifications of RF modules in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station Product
Documentation.
5.3.4 Others
The NRDUCell.DuplexMode parameter is not set to CELL_SUL.

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Table 5-3 describes the parameters used for SU-MIMO activation. Table 5-4
describes the parameters used for function optimization.
Table 5-3 Parameters used for activation

Name
SU-MIMO NRDUCellAlg ● DL_SU_MU It is recommended that both

Multiple oSwitch.SuMi LTI_LAYER_ options be selected.
Layers Switch moMultipleL SW
ayerSw ● UL_SU_MU
LTI_LAYER_
SW
Downlink NRDUCellPds None The default value is

Maximum ch.MaxMimo recommended.
MIMO Layer LayerNum
Number
Quota
Uplink NRDUCellPus None The default value is

Maximum ch.MaxMimo recommended.
MIMO Layer LayerCnt
Count Quota
Table 5-4 Parameters used for optimization

Name
DL Link NRDUCellPds DL_RANK_AD It is recommended that all the

Adaptation ch.DlLinkAda APT_SW options be selected for
Enhancement ptEnhancem optimization from multiple
Switch entSw dimensions, such as the
number of layers, power, and
precoding, to increase the
downlink UE throughput.

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Name
SU-MIMO NRDUCellAlg ● DL_SU_MU

Multiple oSwitch.SuMi LTI_LAYER_
Layers Switch moMultipleL PWR_CTRL
ayerSw _SW
● DL_SU_PW
R_CTRL_EN
H_SW
● DL_SU_PRE
DICT_MOB
ILITY_ENH
_SW
● DL_SU_INT
RA_COMP_
MOB_ENH
_SW
DL DMRS NRDUCellDm SU_DMRS_O Switch-on is recommended.

Switch rs.DlDmrsSwi H_ADAPT_DE
tch DUCT_SW
Multi-Layer NRDUCellCh None The default value is

Power Control nPwr.MultiLa recommended.
Policy yerPwrCtrlPo
l
Power Control nPwr.MultiLa recommended.
MCS yerPwrCtrlM
Threshold csThld
Power nPwr.MultiLa recommended.
Discount yerPwrDisco
Coefficient untCoeff
Power Offset nPwr.MultiLa recommended.
Lower Limit yerPwrOfsLo
werLmt
DL SRS DTX- NRDUCellPds SRS_PRECODE Set it based on the network
based chPrecode.Dl _OPT_SW plan.
Precode PrecodeOptO
Optimization nSrsDtxSw
Switch
SRS Precode NRDUCellPds None The default value is

Update Delay chPrecode.Srs recommended.
Reduction PrecodeUptD
Policy elayReduPol

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Name
Max UE NRDUCellCh None You are advised to use the

Saturation nPwr.MaxUe recommended value.
Precode SatPrecodeP
Power Offset wrOffset
SU Non-AS NRDUCellPds DL_NAS_PREC Switch-on is recommended.
UE Precode chPrecode.Su ODE_ENH_S
Switch NonAsPrecod W
eSw
Non-AS UE NRDUCellPds None The default value is
Precode chPrecode.No recommended.
Enhancement nAsPrecodeE
MCS Thld nhMcsThld
SRS 1T Non- NRDUCellPds None You are advised to use the
AS Precode chPrecode.Srs recommended value.
Enhance 1TNonAsPrec
Coefficient odeEnhCoeff
SRS 2T Non- NRDUCellPds None The default value is
AS Precode chPrecode.Srs recommended.
Enhance 2TNonAsPrec
Coefficient odeEnhCoeff
Downlink NRDUCellPds R16_TYPE2_S Switch-on is recommended.
Codebook chPrecode.Dl W
Type Switch CodebookTyp
eSwitch
Activation Command Examples

Before using MML commands, refer to 5.2.2 Impacts and 5.3.2 Software and
//Enabling uplink and downlink SU-MIMO
SuMimoMultipleLayerSw=DL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW-1&UL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW-1;
//Setting the maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers for uplink SU-MIMO
MOD NRDUCELLPUSCH: NrDuCellId=0, MaxMimoLayerCnt=LAYER_2;
//Setting the maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers for downlink SU-MIMO
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, MaxMimoLayerNum=LAYER_DEFAULT;
//Configuring downlink SU-MIMO enhancement

MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, DlLinkAdaptEnhancementSw=DL_RANK_ADAPT_SW-1;
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0, CompSwitch=INTRA_GNB_DL_JT_SW-1,
SuMimoMultipleLayerSw=DL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_PWR_CTRL_SW-1&DL_SU_PWR_CTRL_ENH_SW-1&DL_SU_PR
EDICT_MOBILITY_ENH_SW-1&DL_SU_INTRA_COMP_MOB_ENH_SW-1;
MOD NRDUCELLDMRS: NrDuCellId=0, DlDmrsSwitch=SU_DMRS_OH_ADAPT_DEDUCT_SW-1;

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MOD NRDUCELLCHNPWR: NrDuCellId=0, MultiLayerPwrCtrlPol=NO_CONFIG, MultiLayerPwrCtrlMcsThld=0,

MultiLayerPwrDiscountCoeff=50, MultiLayerPwrOfsLowerLmt=-10, MaxUeSatPrecodePwrOffset=2;
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCHPRECODE: NrDuCellId=0, DlPrecodeOptOnSrsDtxSw=SRS_PRECODE_OPT_SW-1,
SrsPrecodeUptDelayReduPol=OFF,
SuNonAsPrecodeSw=DL_NAS_PRECODE_ENH_SW-1,NonAsPrecodeEnhMcsThld=14,
Srs1TNonAsPrecodeEnhCoeff=9,Srs2TNonAsPrecodeEnhCoeff=3, DlCodebookTypeSwitch=R16_TYPE2_SW-1;
Deactivation Command Examples

The following provides only deactivation command examples. You can determine
whether to restore the settings of other parameters based on actual network
conditions.
//Disabling uplink and downlink SU-MIMO
SuMimoMultipleLayerSw=DL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW-0&UL_SU_MULTI_LAYER_SW-0;


Check whether SU-MIMO has taken effect. On the MAE-Access, choose Monitor >
Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management > NR > User Performance
Monitoring > User Common Monitoring, and check the number of layers
corresponding to each codeword, as shown in Table 5-5.
Table 5-5 SU-MIMO activation verification

Function Monitoring Description
Item
Uplink SU- Code0 UL This function has taken effect if the

MIMO Average Layer following condition is met: 1 < Code0 UL
Num Average Layer Num ≤ min (Number of
gNodeB RX antennas, Number of UE TX
antennas).
Downlink SU- ● Code0 DL This function has taken effect if the

MIMO Average following condition is met: 1 < (Code0 DL
Layer Num Average Layer Num + Code1 DL Average
● Code1 DL Layer Num) ≤ min (Number of gNodeB
Average TX antennas, Number of UE RX antennas).
Layer Num
NOTE
In the User Common Monitoring dialog box, you are advised to set UEID Type to Random
Value or STMSI in NSA networking and set UEID Type to 5G-Random Value or 5G-STMSI
in SA networking.
To further observe function effects, you can use the following indicators. These
indicators apply to both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO. They can be used to observe
whether SU-MIMO has taken effect only when MU-MIMO is not enabled.

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● Average number of downlink layers on each PRB in a cell =

N.ChMeas.MIMO.DL.Transmission.Layer / ((N.PRB.DL.DrbUsed.Avg +
N.PRB.DL.SrbUsed.Avg) x N.DL.PDSCH.Tti.Num)
● Maximum number of downlink layers on a PRB in a cell =
N.ChMeas.MIMO.DL.Transmission.Layer.Max
● Average number of uplink layers on each PRB in a cell =
N.ChMeas.MIMO.UL.Trans.Layer / (N.PRB.PUSCH.Used.Avg x
N.UL.PUSCH.Tti.Num)
● Maximum number of uplink layers on a PRB in a cell =
N.ChMeas.MIMO.UL.Trans.Layer.Max

Observing Average UE Throughput
Observe the average UE throughput increases of uplink SU-MIMO and downlink
SU-MIMO using the following KPIs:
Observing Single-UE Throughput

Observe the single-UE throughput increases using real-time monitoring items on
the MAE-Access.
● For uplink SU-MIMO, choose User Performance Monitoring > User Common
Monitoring > Uplink MAC Throughput. Compare the uplink MAC
throughput before and after the function is enabled.
● For downlink SU-MIMO, choose User Performance Monitoring > User
Common Monitoring > Downlink MAC Throughput. Compare the downlink
MAC throughput before and after the function is enabled.

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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 6 MU-MIMO
6 MU-MIMO
6.1 Principles
6.1.1 MU-MIMO Basics

Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) implements spatial multiplexing of time-frequency
resources for multiple UEs in both uplink and downlink. When multiple UEs share
the same time-frequency resources, as shown in Figure 6-1, the more orthogonal
the channels between UEs, the smaller the interference and the higher the
capacity and spectral efficiency in both uplink and downlink.
Figure 6-1 MU-MIMO
Spatial multiplexing on the PDSCH, PDCCH, and PUSCH for multiple UEs is
supported.
● PDSCH MU-MIMO
This function is controlled by the DL_MU_MIMO_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.MuMimoSwitch parameter.

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● PDCCH MU-MIMO
This function is controlled by the PDCCH_MU_SW option of the
● PUSCH MU-MIMO
This function is controlled by the UL_MU_MIMO_SW option of the
Table 6-1 lists the maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers for multiple
UEs.
Table 6-1 Maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers for multiple UEs
RAT Number of Maximum Maximum Maximum

gNodeB Number of Number of Number of
Antennas PDSCH MU- PDCCH MU- PUSCH MU-
MIMO Layers MIMO Layers MIMO Layers
Low- 64T64R 16 4 8
frequency
TDD
Low- 32T32R 16 4 8
frequency
TDD
Low- 8T8R 4 Not 4

frequency supported
TDD
NOTE
If the number of gNodeB antennas is not included in the preceding table, MU-MIMO is not
supported.
The number of gNodeB antennas is specified by the NRDUCellTrp.TxRxMode

configuration.
For PDSCH MU-MIMO, if the gNodeB has 8T8R antennas, the maximum number
of layers is not determined by the NRDUCellPdsch.MaxMimoLayerNum
parameter. If the gNodeB has more than 8T8R antennas, the maximum number of
layers is equal to the minimum between the value in the preceding table and the
value of NRDUCellPdsch.MaxMimoLayerNum.
For PDCCH MU-MIMO, the maximum number of layers is equal to the minimum
between the value in the preceding table and the value of
NRDUCellPdcch.MaxPairLayerNum.
For PUSCH MU-MIMO, if the gNodeB has 8T8R antennas, the maximum number
of layers is not determined by the NRDUCellPusch.MaxMimoLayerCnt parameter.
If the gNodeB has more than 8T8R antennas, the maximum number of layers is
equal to the minimum between the value in the preceding table and the value of
NRDUCellPusch.MaxMimoLayerCnt.

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6.1.2 MU-MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Procedures (Low-

Frequency TDD)
The spatial multiplexing procedures of PDSCH MU-MIMO and PUSCH MU-MIMO
can be considered as UE pairing procedures. The gNodeB selects appropriate UEs
for pairing according to pairing rules and schedules the UEs. The spatial
multiplexing procedures of PDSCH MU-MIMO and PUSCH MU-MIMO are the
same. Figure 6-2 uses PDSCH MU-MIMO as an example.
Figure 6-2 Spatial multiplexing procedure of PDSCH MU-MIMO
SRS signal quality and correlation need to be considered during UE pairing.
● If UEs have good SRS signal quality (for example, high SINRs and small signal
fluctuations) and low correlation, inter-UE interference can be effectively
reduced and the UEs can be paired for MU-MIMO. In this situation, MU-
MIMO can fully utilize good channel conditions to increase the system
capacity.
● If UEs have poor SRS signal quality (for example, low SINRs or large signal
fluctuations) or high correlation, inter-UE interference cannot be effectively

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reduced. In this situation, MU-MIMO may decrease the system throughput.

Therefore, such UEs will not be selected for pairing.
The correlation between UEs is related to the distance between UEs. If two UEs
are close to each other, the correlation is high. If two UEs are far away from each
other, the correlation is low. The correlation between UEs can be measured by
spatial isolation or channel correlation. Spatial isolation is measured by the RSRP
difference between the optimal beams of UEs. Channel correlation is calculated
based on uplink feedback and can be considered as channel similarity.
For the PDSCH, the pairing requirements are as follows:
● The SRS SINRs of UEs must meet certain conditions.
– When a UE initially accesses the network, if its SRS SINR is greater than
or equal to the value of NRDUCellDlMimo.DlMuMimoSrsPreSinrThld,
the UE can participate in pairing; otherwise, it cannot.
– After a UE accesses the network, if its SRS SINR changes, then:
▪ If the SRS SINR is greater than the value of

NRDUCellDlMimo.DlMuMimoSrsPreSinrThld plus 3 dB, the UE can
participate in pairing.
▪ If the SRS SINR is less than the value of

NRDUCellDlMimo.DlMuMimoSrsPreSinrThld minus 3 dB, the UE
cannot participate in pairing.
▪ If the SRS SINR is in the range of

[NRDUCellDlMimo.DlMuMimoSrsPreSinrThld – 3 dB,
NRDUCellDlMimo.DlMuMimoSrsPreSinrThld + 3 dB], the previous
pairing decision result is used.
● The correlation between UEs must meet certain conditions if the
NRDUCellPdsch.DlMuMimoGroupMode parameter is set to
ISOLATION_CORRELATION.
– If PMI-based weights are used for a UE, the UE can be paired with
another UE if the spatial isolation between them is greater than the
value of NRDUCellPdsch.DlPmiMuMimoSpaceIsoThld.
– If SRS-based weights are used for a UE:
▪ The UE can be paired with another UE if the spatial isolation

between them is greater than the value of
NRDUCellPdsch.DlSrsMuMimoSpaceIsoThld.
▪ The UE can also be paired with another UE if the spatial isolation

between them is less than or equal to the value of
NRDUCellPdsch.DlSrsMuMimoSpaceIsoThld but the channel
correlation between them is less than the value of
NRDUCellPdsch.DlSrsMuMimoChanIsoThld.
– In other situations, UEs cannot be paired.
6.1.3 PDSCH MU-MIMO Enhancements (Low-Frequency TDD)

PDSCH MU-MIMO can be enhanced from multiple dimensions, such as the
number of layers, MCS, precoding, and power, to improve the post-pairing
performance and cell throughput.

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● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T32R, the number of downlink
paired layers can be optimized based on channel information for non-
antenna-selection UEs for which PMI-based weights are used. This function is
controlled by the DL_MU_OPTIMAL_LAYER_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.MuMimoSwitch parameter. LampSite base stations do
not support this function.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with 64T64R, the MCSs of paired UEs in
movement can be adjusted based on CQIs. If the SRS signal quality is high,
the MCSs can better match the actual channel quality, which increases the
throughput of these UEs. If the SRS signal quality is low, however, the cell
throughput may decrease when channel estimation is inaccurate and channel
quality fluctuates sharply. This downlink mobile MU-MIMO enhancement
function is controlled by the DL_MOBILE_MU_ENH_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.UeFeatureBasedPairEnhSw parameter. LampSite base
stations do not support this function.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T8R, the required DMRS resources
are accurately determined during RB resource allocation, thereby saving RB
resources. This function is controlled by the NRDUCellDmrs.DlMuEstRbPolicy
parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T32R, small-packet UE groups
can be merged in scenarios where small-packet UEs and large-packet UEs
need to be paired. This reduces the interference between paired UEs but may
decrease the average number of downlink paired layers. This function is
controlled by the DL_SMALL_PACKET_MERGE_SW option of the
NRDUCellDlMimo.DLMuMimoSchSupplementSw parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T32R, the
NRDUCellPdsch.DlLowTimeCorrMuSw parameter can be used to specify
whether to allow UEs with drastic channel quality fluctuation to be paired.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T32R, the MCS optimization
policy can be selected based on the inter-stream interference estimated using
PMI-based weights. This function is controlled by the
NRDUCellPdsch.DlMimoMcsOptPolicy parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T32R, the power of each layer
can be adjusted for two rank-3 or rank-4 UEs based on the signal quality of
the respective layer. While ensuring the performance of the first two layers,
this function improves the performance of the other layers and further
increases the downlink cell throughput. This function is controlled by the
NRDUCellPdsch.MuMimoPwrAllocSwitch parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T8R, the rank for an SRS-based
weight UE to take part in pairing can be calculated using multiple methods. If
the NRDUCellDlRank.DlSrsMuMimoRankMode parameter is set to
RI_BASED_MU_RANK, the effective rank is the smaller value between the RI
reported by the UE and the value of NRDUCellDlRank.DlSrsMuMimoRank. If
the NRDUCellDlRank.DlSrsMuMimoRankMode parameter is set to
FIX_MU_RANK, the effective rank is equal to the value of
NRDUCellDlRank.DlSrsMuMimoRank.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T8R, the rank for a PMI-based
weight UE to take part in pairing is controlled by the
NRDUCellDlRank.DlPmiMuMimoRank parameter. The effective rank is the
smaller value between the RI reported by the UE and the value of
NRDUCellDlRank.DlPmiMuMimoRank.

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● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T8R, MU-MIMO can be triggered
based on the measured downlink cell PRB usage. This function is controlled by
the NRDUCellDlMimo.DlMuPrbUsageThld parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T8R, SU-MIMO instead of MU-
MIMO is used when the following conditions are met: (1) the spectral
efficiency prediction function is enabled by selecting the
DL_SE_SU_MU_MIMO_ADAPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellDlMimo.DLMuMimoSchSupplementSw parameter; (2) the
spectral efficiency gain of MU-MIMO relative to SU-MIMO is less than the
value of NRDUCellDlMimo.DlMuBackToSuSeThld.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T8R, a UE using PMI-based
weights is prohibited from pairing if the number of beams maintained for it
exceeds the value of NRDUCellDlMimo.DlMuPmiBeamNumThld. This
function increases the downlink cell throughput.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T8R, the UE pairing policy is
optimized so that more large-packet UEs can be paired for MU-MIMO to
increase the downlink cell throughput. This function is controlled by the
NRDUCellPdsch.DlMuGatherOptSw parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T32R, the post-pairing SINRs of
antenna-selection UEs with large delay spread or large change with time can
be optimized based on information such as the channel conditions of UEs and
the correlation between UEs so that MCS indexes can be selected more
accurately for transmission. SINR optimization for downlink MU-MIMO is
controlled by the NRDUCellDlAmc.DlMuMimoSirScaleFactor parameter.
LampSite base stations do not support this function.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at most 8T8R, delay-based scheduling
optimization can be used to increase the average downlink UE throughput.
This function is controlled by the DL_DELAY_SCH_OPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellPdsch.DlPdschAlgoSwitch parameter. It takes effect for a UE only
when the buffer size of the UE exceeds the value of
NRDUCellPdsch.DlDelaySchBufferThld parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T8R, the conditions for switching
between MCS index tables are optimized to increase the downlink user-
perceived rate. This downlink MCS index table adaptation enhancement
function is controlled by the DL_MCS_TABLE_ADAPT_ENH_SW option of the
NRDUCellDlMimo.DLMuMimoSchSupplementSw parameter.
● For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 8T8R, the scheduler accurately
allocates RB resources based on the data to be scheduled, RBs available in the
cell bandwidth, and REs available on the RBs. This reduces the downlink data
transmission time and increases the downlink user-perceived rate. This
function can be enabled by selecting the TBS_CALC_OPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellPdsch.DlPdschAlgoSwitch parameter and the
RB_ESTIMATE_OPT_SW option of the NRDUCellPdsch.DlPdschAlgoSwitch
parameter.
6.1.4 PUSCH MU-MIMO Enhancements (Low-Frequency TDD)

For low-frequency TDD cells with at least 32T32R, PUSCH MU-MIMO can be
enhanced from multiple dimensions such as resource allocation and UE selection
to increase the post-pairing UE throughput.

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● Pairing for PUSCH MU-MIMO can be attempted if the RB usage of a cell is

greater than or equal to the value of NRDUCellUlMimo.MuRbRatioThld.
● Frequency selective scheduling is performed for PUSCH MU-MIMO if the
BIG_PKT_UE_FREQ_SEL_SCH_OPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMimoAlgoSwitch parameter is selected and the
proportion of RBs required by a UE is less than the value of
NRDUCellUlMimo.MuFreqSelSchRbRatioThld; this brings frequency selective
gains but increases the calculation complexity. Non-frequency-selective
scheduling is performed for PUSCH MU-MIMO in other situations.
● If the SML_PKT_ALIGN_PAIR_OPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMimoAlgoSwitch parameter is selected, there is a
restriction on small-packet UE pairing after RB reduction; in addition, if the
number of a small-packet UE's RBs after extension based on the effective
value of NRDUCellUlMimo.AlignPairSmlPktRbExtRatio is greater than or
equal to the number of the scheduled UE's RBs, this small-packet UE can
enter alignment pairing after RB expansion. If the
BIG_PKT_ALIGN_PAIR_OPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMimoAlgoSwitch parameter is selected, there is no
restriction on large-packet UE pairing after RB expansion; in addition, if the
number of a large-packet UE's RBs after RB reduction based on the effective
value of NRDUCellUlMimo.AlignPairBigPktRbRedRatio is less than or equal
to the number of the scheduled UE's RBs, this large-packet UE can enter
alignment pairing after RB reduction. A UE is identified as a small-packet UE
if its number of required RBs divided by the number of available PUSCH RBs is
less than the effective value of
NRDUCellUlMimo.AlignPairBigSmlPktRbThld. Otherwise, it is identified as a
large-packet UE.
● Only UEs whose SINRs are greater than or equal to the value of
NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMimoSinrThld can be paired. This reduces the
probability that CEUs are improperly paired.
● Only UEs with correlations less than or equal to the value of
NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMimoCorrThld can be paired. This reduces the
probability that UEs with high correlations are improperly paired.
● The uplink MU-MIMO AMC optimization function is introduced to select MCS
indexes for MU-MIMO UEs only in a common outer-loop manner. This
function is controlled by the MU_AMC_OPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellUlAmc.UlAmcAlgoSw parameter.
● The uplink MU-MIMO beam-domain pairing optimization function is
introduced to improve the accuracy of CEU selection for pairing in the beam
domain. This function is controlled by the MU_BEAM_PAIR_OPT_SW option
of the NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMimoAlgoSwitch parameter.
● UEs supporting different numbers of front-loaded DMRS symbols can be
paired for uplink MU-MIMO if the DIFF_FLDMRS_MAX_LENGTH_PAIR_SW
option of the NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMimoAlgoSwitch parameter is
selected. This function increases the uplink user-perceived rate. However, the
uplink user-perceived rate may decrease if the proportion of UEs supporting
two front-loaded DMRS symbols is large and the number of paired layers is
close to or greater than the maximum number of layers supported by one
front-loaded DMRS symbol.
● When the uplink MU-MIMO cross-slot pairing function takes effect, UEs in
multiple slots can be paired, but frequency selective scheduling is not

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performed in uplink heavy-load scenarios. The uplink user-perceived rate

increases in uplink heavy-load scenarios. However, the downlink user-
perceived rate may decrease when air interface resources are limited. This
function is controlled by the MU_MULTI_SLOT_PAIR_SW option of the
NRDUCellUlMimo.UlMuMimoAlgoSwitch parameter. LampSite base stations
do not support this function.
● Uplink MU-MIMO pairing based on space domain optimization takes effect if
the UL_SCHEDULE_ENH_SW option of the
NRDUCellPusch.UlPuschAlgoSwitch parameter is selected. The gNodeB
selects a UE with the highest scheduling priority and determines whether the
UE can take part in pairing. If the UE meets pairing conditions, the gNodeB
searches the remaining UEs to be scheduled for UEs that meet space-domain
beam pairing requirements and pairing conditions. If the number of paired
layers does not reach the maximum number after the searching is complete,
the gNodeB selects UEs that meet correlation requirements and pairing
conditions from the remaining UEs to be scheduled. After completing UE
pairing and RB allocation, the gNodeB performs operations based on the
UL_INTRF_RANDOMIZED_SCH_ENH_SW option.
– If this option is selected, the base station searches for RBs from different
start positions in cells with different PCIs and allocates RBs. If required
RBs are not found, the base station selects the maximum number of
consecutive idle RBs.
– If this option is deselected, the base station searches for RBs from the
same start position in all cells and allocates RBs. If required RBs are not
found, the base station selects the maximum number of consecutive idle
RBs.

6.2.1 Benefits
In medium- and light-load scenarios, cell resources are not limited and enabling
MU-MIMO may lead to fluctuations in the average UE throughput and cell data
throughput. In heavy-load scenarios, cell resources are limited and enabling MU-
MIMO can increase the average UE throughput and cell data throughput. It is
recommended that MU-MIMO be enabled when the cell load is high. The cell load
is high when the uplink or downlink PRB usage is high, for example, higher than
or equal to 60%.
Under the same traffic volume, the increases in the average UE throughput and
cell data throughput are related to the number of RBs involved in pairing and the
average number of paired layers. The greater the numbers, the larger the
increases.
For details, see 6.4.3 Network Monitoring.
6.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
● After an increase in the proportion of UEs paired in downlink MU-MIMO,
there may be a decrease in the downlink UE throughput in the following

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situations: (1) tail packets account for a large proportion in medium-load

scenarios; (2) the channel quality of UEs is good and UEs are distributed in a
centralized manner.
there will be increases in the number of scheduled UEs in the downlink and
the consumption of CCE resources. If CCE resources for the uplink are limited,
there will be an increase in the CCE allocation failure rate for uplink
transmission and a decrease in the uplink cell throughput and user-perceived
rate.
there will be an increase in the number of uplink status reports. If PUSCH PRB
resources are limited, there will be a decrease in the uplink cell throughput
and user-perceived rate.
● After an increase in the proportion of UEs paired in uplink MU-MIMO, there
will be an increase in the number of downlink status reports. If PDSCH PRB
resources are limited, there will be a decrease in the downlink cell throughput
and user-perceived rate.
● The PRB utilization may decrease in medium- and heavy-load scenarios. It
fluctuates normally in light-load scenarios.
● After an increase in the proportion of UEs paired in MU-MIMO, there will be
increases in the interference between paired UEs as well as the uplink and
downlink BLERs in the cell.
there will be decreases in the average downlink MCS index and average rank.
will be a decrease in the average uplink MCS index.
● When a UE accesses or is handed over to an MU-MIMO cell from the cell
edge, the access success rate of the UE slightly decreases.
● The average downlink RF module transmit power (indicated by
VS.RADIOEQM.DL.PWR.AVG) decreases.
there will be increases in the average downlink UE throughput and cell
throughput but may lead to a decrease in the downlink UE throughput of
some UEs.
will be increases in the average uplink UE throughput and cell throughput but
may lead to a decrease in the uplink UE throughput of some UEs.
● If the number of RBs paired for uplink MU-MIMO is small and the channel
quality differs greatly between uplink RBs, the uplink user-perceived rate of
MU-MIMO may be lower than that of SU-MIMO. In this case, you are advised
to select the UL_SCHEDULE_ENH_SW option of the
NRDUCellPusch.UlPuschAlgoSwitch parameter and the
RSVDSWPARAM1_BIT12 option of the NRDUCellRsvdExt03.RsvdSwParam1
parameter.

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Function Impacts
Name
Low- Uplink non- UL_NON_CON_SCH_SW Schedulin When PUSCH MU-MIMO is

frequency consecutive option of the g enabled, uplink non-
TDD scheduling NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.U consecutive scheduling
lInconsecutiveSchS- does not take effect.
witch parameter
Low- Downlink SMALL_PKT_TYPE1_SC Schedulin When PDSCH MU-MIMO is
frequency type 1 H_SW option of the g enabled, downlink type 1
TDD resource NRDUCellPdsch.DlPdsc resource allocation for UEs
allocation hAlgoSwitch parameter performing small-packet
for UEs services does not take
performing effect for MU-MIMO UEs.
small-packet
services
Low- Rate- PDCCH_RATEMATCH_S Schedulin When more than one UE

frequency matching- W option of the g requires scheduling in a cell
TDD pattern- NRDUCellPdsch.RateM and PDCCH MU-MIMO
configuratio atchSwitch does not take effect,
n-based PDCCH rate matching
PDCCH rate based on rate matching
matching pattern configuration offers
a low gain and may even
have a negative impact.
When only one UE requires
scheduling in the cell,
whether PDCCH MU-MIMO
takes effect does not affect
PDCCH rate matching.
Low- Intra-base- INTRA_GNB_DL_JT_SW CoMP UEs involved in intra-base-

frequency station DL option of the station joint transmission
TDD CoMP NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.C do not support PDSCH MU-
ompSwitch parameter MIMO.
Low- Low latency HIGH_RELIABILITY_BAS URLLC When high reliability

frequency and high IC_SW option of the functions are enabled, only
TDD reliability NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.H single-stream rank 1 is
ighReliabilitySwitch supported.
parameter

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Name
Low- Distributed DM_MIMO_SERVICE_S MIMO For UEs in non-overlapping

frequency massive WITCH option of the (TDD) areas of distributed massive
TDD MIMO (low- NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.D MIMO cells, the beams of
frequency mMimoSwitch different TRPs can use the
TDD) parameter same time-frequency
resources of PUSCH or
PDSCH for spatial
multiplexing if the
UL_MU_MIMO_SW or
DL_MU_MIMO_SW option
of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.Mu
MimoSwitch parameter is
selected.
Low- VMIMO in a NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.V Indoor When the

frequency combined- mimoSwitch Coverage NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.Vmi
TDD RRU 4T4R moSwitch parameter is set
cell to ON for a 4T4R cell
served by combined RRUs,
the beams of two TRPs can
use the same time-
frequency resources of
PUSCH or PDSCH for UEs in
non-overlapping areas.
Low- Downlink INTRA_BAND_CA_SW Carrier If CA UEs do not transmit

frequency intra-band option of the Aggregati SRSs in their SCells, they
TDD CA NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.C on cannot be paired for
aAlgoSwitch parameter PDSCH MU-MIMO in the
SCells. As a result, the
downlink cell capacity
decreases.
Low- Uplink intra- INTRA_BAND_UL_CA_S Carrier If CA UEs do not transmit

frequency band CA W option of the Aggregati SRSs in their SCells, they
TDD NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.C on cannot be paired for
aAlgoSwitch parameter PUSCH MU-MIMO in the
uplink cell capacity
decreases.
Low- Downlink INTRA_FR_INTER_BAN Carrier If CA UEs do not transmit

frequency intra-FR D_CA_SW option of the Aggregati SRSs in their SCells, they
TDD inter-band NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.C on cannot be paired for
CA aAlgoSwitch parameter PDSCH MU-MIMO in the
downlink cell capacity
decreases.

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Name
Low- Uplink intra- INTRA_FR_INTER_BAN Carrier If CA UEs do not transmit

frequency FR inter- D_UL_CA_SW option of Aggregati SRSs in their SCells, they
TDD band CA the on cannot be paired for
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.C PUSCH MU-MIMO in the
aAlgoSwitch parameter SCells. As a result, the
uplink cell capacity
decreases.

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Name
Low- High-speed NRDUCell.HighSpeedFl High PDSCH MU-MIMO is

frequency Railway ag Speed supported in high-speed
TDD Superior Mobility scenarios. Currently, it is a
Experience trial function.
Trial functions are functions
that are not yet ready for
full commercial release for
certain reasons. For
example, the industry chain
(terminals/CN) may not be
sufficiently compatible.
However, these functions
can still be used for testing
purposes or commercial
network trials. Anyone who
desires to use the trial
functions shall contact
Huawei and enter into a
memorandum of
understanding (MoU) with
Huawei prior to an official
application of such trial
functions. Trial functions
are not for sale in the
current version but
customers may try them for
free.
Customers acknowledge
and undertake that trial
functions may have a
certain degree of risk due
to absence of commercial
testing. Before using them,
customers shall fully
understand not only the
expected benefits of such
trial functions but also the
possible impact they may
exert on the network. In
addition, customers
acknowledge and
undertake that since trial
functions are free, Huawei
is not liable for any trial
function malfunctions or
any losses incurred by using
the trial functions. Huawei
does not promise that
problems with trial

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Name
functions will be resolved in

the current version. Huawei
reserves the rights to
convert trial functions into
commercial functions in
later R/C versions. If trial
functions are converted
into commercial functions
in a later version,
customers shall pay a
licensing fee to obtain the
relevant licenses prior to
using the said commercial
functions. If a customer
fails to purchase such a
license, the trial function(s)
will be invalidated
automatically when the
product is upgraded.

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Name
Low- Power BWP2_SWITCH option UE Power If MU-MIMO has been

frequency saving BWP of the Saving enabled and then the
TDD NRDUCellUePwrSav- power saving BWP function
ing.BwpPwrSavingSw is enabled, there will be:
parameter (1) increases in the number
of downlink layers,
downlink BLERs, and
average number of RBs
used for downlink pairing;
(2) decreases in the
number of uplink layers,
uplink BLERs, and average
number of RBs used for
uplink pairing; (3) an
increase in the number of
scheduling times and
decreases in the average
cell throughput and UE
throughput.
If the power saving BWP
function has been enabled
and then downlink MU-
MIMO is enabled, there will
be a low probability that
the average downlink cell
throughput and UE
throughput slightly
decrease when there are a
large proportion of small-
packet services on the
network.

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Name
Low- NR DU cell RB_DYNAMIC_CONTRO Network If NR DU cell resource

frequency resource L_SW option of the Slicing management between
TDD managemen NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.N network slices has been
t between etworkSliceAlgoSwitch enabled and then PDSCH
network parameter MU-MIMO is enabled,
slices there may be decreases in
the average downlink cell
throughput and average
downlink UE throughput in
scenarios where the
minimum range and the
start and end positions of
RB resources are configured
for network slice groups.
This is because the
scheduling positions of UEs
in network slice groups are
uncertain or the pairing
relationships between these
UEs and other UEs are
uncertain in such scenarios.
Low- User PRB PRB_CTRL_SW option of FWA When MU-MIMO takes

frequency control for the effect and only one type of
TDD FWA NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.F UEs (UEs of Internet users
waAlgoSwitch or non-Internet users) are
parameter paired at a layer, there is no
mutual impact between
PRBs of two types of UEs.
Therefore, if the PRB usage
exceeds the average PRB
usage threshold, lowering
the scheduling priority is
not required.
Low- Coordinated INTRA_GNB_DL_CS_CBF Coordinat Coordinated beamforming

frequency interference _SW and ed (CBF) is not performed in
TDD managemen INTER_GNB_DL_CS_CBF Interferenc slots with MU-MIMO
t _SW options of the e pairing. If the proportion of
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.C Managem MU-MIMO pairing is high,
ompSwitch parameter ent (Low- the proportion of CBF
Frequency taking effect is low.
TDD)
Low- Basic VoNR VONR_SW option of the VoNR UEs with VoNR enabled
frequency functions NRCellAlgoSwitch.Vonr cannot be involved in MU-
TDD Switch parameter MIMO pairing.

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Name
Low- Downlink DL_MU_MIMO_QOS_S FWA After downlink MU-MIMO

frequency MU-MIMO W option of the QoS guarantee is enabled,
TDD QoS NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.F the average downlink cell
guarantee waAlgoSwitch throughput and average
parameter number of layers paired for
downlink MIMO may
decrease.
6.3 Requirements
6.3.1 Licenses
The license for MU-MIMO Basic Pairing has been purchased.
Feature ID Feature Name Model Sales Unit
FOFD-010010 MU-MIMO Basic NR0S00MU per Cell

Pairing MM00
For TDD, if a gNodeB has 32T32R or more antennas, the license for the number of
spatial multiplexing layers is also required. The maximum number cannot exceed
the licensed number. One license unit corresponds to two layers. For details about
licensing rules, see License Management.
Model Description Sales Unit
NR0S0DLEPU00 Massive MIMO DL 2- per 2 Layers per Cell

Layers Extended
Processing Unit License
(NR)
NR0S0ULEPU00 Massive MIMO UL 2- per 2 Layers per Cell

Layers Extended
Processing Unit License
(NR)
6.3.2 Software
Before activating this function, ensure that its prerequisite functions have been
activated and mutually exclusive functions have been deactivated. For detailed
operations, see the relevant feature documents.

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None

Name
Low- Limitation RB_DYNAMIC_SHARIN Multi- Neither PDSCH MU-MIMO

frequency on the G_SW and Operator nor PUSCH MU-MIMO can
TDD maximum MAX_RB_LIMIT_SW Sharing be enabled together with
number of options of the the function of limitation
RBs NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.R on the maximum number
available for anSharingAlgoSwitch of RBs available for an
an operator parameter operator.
Low- Cell NRDUCell.NrDuCellNet Cell Neither PUSCH MU-MIMO

frequency Combination workingMode Combinati nor PDSCH MU-MIMO can
TDD on be enabled together with
cell combination.
Low- Hyper Cell NRDUCell.NrDuCellNet Hyper Cell Interference rejection

frequency workingMode precoding for MU-MIMO
TDD cannot be enabled in hyper
cells.
Low- Slot NRDUCell.SlotAssignm Standards Interference rejection

frequency configuratio ent Complianc precoding for MU-MIMO
TDD n e cannot be enabled in cells
for which the
NRDUCell.SlotAssignment
parameter is set to
2_3_DSUUU.
Low- High-speed NRDUCell.HighSpeedFl High PUSCH MU-MIMO and

frequency Railway ag Speed PDCCH MU-MIMO are not
TDD Superior Mobility supported in high-speed
High- Experience cells.
frequency
TDD
6.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models

with the BBU3910.


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Boards
RF Modules
All NR TDD-capable RF modules support this function. However, 2T2R and 4T4R
RF modules support MU-MIMO only in virtual MIMO (VMIMO) scenarios. To learn
which RF modules support NR TDD, see the technical specifications in 3900 &
5900 Series Base Station Product Documentation.
NOTE
For details about VMIMO, see Indoor Coverage.

PDCCH MU-MIMO requires RF modules of 32T32R or higher.
6.3.4 Others
NR TDD: According to protocols, type-1 single-symbol DMRSs can be transmitted
on a maximum of four ports and therefore PUSCH MU-MIMO can provide a
maximum of four layers for UEs that support such DMRSs; type-1 double-symbol
DMRSs can be transmitted on a maximum of eight ports and therefore PUSCH
MU-MIMO can provide a maximum of eight layers for UEs that support such
DMRSs. For details, see section 6.4.1.1.3 "Precoding and mapping to physical
resources" in 3GPP TS 38.211.

Table 6-2 and Table 6-3 describe the parameters used for function activation and
optimization, respectively.

Name
Transmit and NRDUCellTrp None Set this parameter based on

Receive Mode .TxRxMode the actually used AAU/RRU
model.
MU-MIMO NRDUCellAlg UL_MU_MIM Switch-on is recommended

Switch oSwitch.Mu O_SW when cell load is high.
MimoSwitch

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Name
MU-MIMO NRDUCellAlg DL_MU_MIM Switch-on is recommended

Switch oSwitch.Mu O_SW when cell load is high.
MimoSwitch
MU-MIMO NRDUCellAlg PDCCH_MU_S Generally, retain the default
Switch oSwitch.Mu W value, that is, deselect this
MimoSwitch option. However, you are
advised to select this option if
the PDCCH CCE allocation
failure rate is greater than 5%.
Downlink NRDUCellPds None Generally, retain the default

Maximum ch.MaxMimo value. You can adjust the
MIMO Layer LayerNum setting based on network
Number load, for example, you can
Quota configure a larger number of
layers to increase capacity in
heavy-load scenarios.
Uplink NRDUCellPus None The value LAYER_4 is

Maximum ch.MaxMimo recommended. You can adjust
MIMO Layer LayerCnt the setting based on network
Count Quota load, for example, you can
configure a larger number of
Maximum NRDUCellPdc None Generally, retain the default

Pairing Layer ch.MaxPairLa value. You can adjust the
Number yerNum setting based on network
load, for example, you can
configure a larger number of
DL PMI MU- NRDUCellPds None Retain the default value.

MIMO Space ch.DlPmiMu
Isolation MimoSpaceIs
Threshold oThld
DL SRS MU- NRDUCellPds None Retain the default value.
MIMO Space ch.DlSrsMuM
Isolation imoSpaceIso
Threshold Thld
DL MU-MIMO NRDUCellPds None Retain the default value.
Channel ch.DlSrsMuM
Isolation imoChanIsoT
Threshold hld

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Table 6-3 Parameters used for optimization

Name
UE Feature NRDUCellAlg DL_MOBILE_ Retain the default value.

Based Pairing oSwitch.UeFe MU_ENH_SW
Enhancement atureBasedP
Switch airEnhSw
MU-MIMO NRDUCellAlg DL_MU_OPTI Switch-on is recommended.
Switch oSwitch.Mu MAL_LAYER_S
MimoSwitch W
SRS PreSINR NRDUCellPds None Retain the default value.

Threshold ch.SrsPresinr
Thld
DL MU-MIMO NRDUCellDl None Set this parameter to its
SRS PreSINR Mimo.DlMu recommended value.
Threshold MimoSrsPreS
inrThld
DL MU-MIMO NRDUCellDm None For TDD cells, the default
RB Estimation rs.DlMuEstRb value is
Policy Policy PSEUDOORTHOG_DMRS_AD
APT_DEDUCT, and it is
recommended that the default
value be used.
For SUL cells, the default value
is
ORTHOGONAL_DMRS_MAX_
DEDUCT, and it is
recommended that the default
value be used.
DL MU-MIMO NRDUCellDl DL_SMALL_PA Switch-on is recommended, to

Scheduling Mimo.DLMu CKET_MERGE reduce the interference
Supplement MimoSchSup _SW between paired UEs and
Switch plementSw increase the user-perceived
rate.
DL MU-MIMO NRDUCellDl DL_SE_SU_M Switch-on is recommended for

Scheduling Mimo.DLMu U_MIMO_AD low-frequency TDD cells with
Supplement MimoSchSup APT_SW at least 32T32R. Switch-off is
Switch plementSw required for low-frequency
TDD cells with 8T8R. The
purpose is to improve the
spectral efficiency after MU-
MIMO is enabled.
Aligned Pair NRDUCellUl None The default value is

Big/Small Mimo.AlignP recommended.
Packet RB airBigSmlPkt
Threshold RbThld

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Name
UL MU-MIMO NRDUCellUl MU_BEAM_PA Switch-on is recommended.

Algorithm Mimo.UlMu IR_OPT_SW
Switch MimoAlgoSw
itch
UL MU-MIMO NRDUCellUl SML_PKT_ALI Switch-on is recommended.
Algorithm Mimo.UlMu GN_PAIR_OPT
Switch MimoAlgoSw _SW
itch
UL MU-MIMO NRDUCellUl BIG_PKT_ALIG Switch-on is recommended.
Algorithm Mimo.UlMu N_PAIR_OPT_
Switch MimoAlgoSw SW
itch
UL MU-MIMO NRDUCellUl BIG_PKT_UE_ Switch-on is recommended.
Algorithm Mimo.UlMu FREQ_SEL_SC
Switch MimoAlgoSw H_OPT_SW
itch
Small Packet Mimo.AlignP recommended.
RB Ext Ratio airSmlPktRb
ExtRatio
Big Packet RB Mimo.AlignP recommended.
Reduce Ratio airBigPktRbR
edRatio
MU Freq Sel NRDUCellUl None The default value is
Scheduling RB Mimo.MuFre recommended.
Ratio qSelSchRbRa
Threshold tioThld
MU RB Ratio NRDUCellUl None The default value is
Threshold Mimo.MuRbR recommended.
atioThld
DL Low Time NRDUCellPds None Turn on this switch for low-
Correlated ch.DlLowTim frequency TDD cells with at
MU-MIMO eCorrMuSw least 32T32R to improve the
Switch pairing efficiency.
DL MU-MIMO NRDUCellPds None It is recommended that the

Group Mode ch.DlMuMim value
oGroupMode ISOLATION_CORRELATION
be used to optimize the
downlink pairing rules so that
UEs with low correlation and
low interference can be
selected for pairing.

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Name
DL SRS MU- NRDUCellDlR None The default value is

MIMO Rank ank.DlSrsMu recommended.
MimoRank
DL PMI MU- NRDUCellDlR None The default value is
MIMO Rank ank.DlPmiMu recommended.
MimoRank
DL MU-MIMO NRDUCellDl None The default value is
PRB Usage Mimo.DlMuP recommended.
Threshold rbUsageThld
DL MU-MIMO NRDUCellDl None The default value is
Back to SU- Mimo.DlMuB recommended.
MIMO Spct ackToSuSeTh
Eff Thld ld
DL PMI MU- NRDUCellDl None The default value is
MIMO UE Mimo.DlMuP recommended.
Pairing Beam miBeamNum
Num Thld Thld
DL Gathering NRDUCellPds None Set this parameter based on
MU-MIMO ch.DlMuGath the network plan.
Optimization erOptSw
Switch
DL MIMO NRDUCellPds None The default value is

MCS ch.DlMimoM recommended.
Optimization csOptPolicy
Policy
Uplink AMC NRDUCellUlA MU_AMC_OP Switch-on is recommended.

Algorithm mc.UlAmcAlg T_SW
Switch oSw
UL MU-MIMO NRDUCellUl None The value -20 is
SINR Mimo.UlMu recommended.
Threshold MimoSinrThl
d
UL MU-MIMO NRDUCellUl None The default value is
Correlation Mimo.UlMu recommended.
Threshold MimoCorrThl
d
UL MU-MIMO NRDUCellUl DIFF_FLDMRS Switch-on is recommended so
Algorithm Mimo.UlMu _MAX_LENGT that UEs supporting different
Switch MimoAlgoSw H_PAIR_SW numbers of front-loaded
itch DMRS symbols can be paired
in uplink MU-MIMO.

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Name
UL MU-MIMO NRDUCellUl MU_MULTI_S Switch-on is recommended in

Algorithm Mimo.UlMu LOT_PAIR_SW uplink heavy-load scenarios.
Switch MimoAlgoSw
itch
Uplink PUSCH NRDUCellPus UL_SCHEDUL Switch-on is recommended.
Algorithm ch.UlPuschAl E_ENH_SW
Switch goSwitch
DL MU-MIMO NRDUCellDlA None Set this parameter to its
SIR Scale mc.DlMuMim recommended value. In
Factor oSirScaleFact addition, set the
or NRDUCellPdsch.DlMuInitial
McsAdjValue parameter to -2.
Downlink NRDUCellPds DL_DELAY_SC Select this option.
PDSCH ch.DlPdschAl H_OPT_SW
Algorithm goSwitch
Switch
DL Delay NRDUCellPds None Set this parameter to its

Schedule ch.DlDelaySc recommended value.
Buffer hBufferThld
Threshold
DL MU-MIMO NRDUCellDl DL_MCS_TABL Switch-on is recommended.

Scheduling Mimo.DLMu E_ADAPT_EN
Supplement MimoSchSup H_SW
Switch plementSw
Downlink NRDUCellPds TBS_CALC_OP Switch-on is recommended.
PDSCH ch.DlPdschAl T_SW
Algorithm goSwitch
Switch
Downlink NRDUCellPds RB_ESTIMATE Switch-on is recommended.

PDSCH ch.DlPdschAl _OPT_SW
Algorithm goSwitch
Switch

//Setting the TX/RX mode of a cell
MOD NRDUCELLTRP: NrDuCellTrpId=0, NrDuCellId=0, TxRxMode=64T64R;

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//Activating MU-MIMO
MuMimoSwitch=UL_MU_MIMO_SW-1&PDCCH_MU_SW-0&DL_MU_MIMO_SW-1;
//Setting pairing thresholds for PDSCH MU-MIMO
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, DlPmiMuMimoSpaceIsoThld=140, DlSrsMuMimoSpaceIsoThld=50,
DlSrsMuMimoChanIsoThld=30;
MOD NRDUCELLDLMIMO: NrDuCellId=0, DlMuMimoSrsPreSinrThld=-50;
//Setting the maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers of PDSCH MU-MIMO
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, MaxMimoLayerNum=LAYER_DEFAULT;
//Setting the maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers of PDCCH MU-MIMO
MOD NRDUCELLPDCCH: NrDuCellId=0, MaxPairLayerNum=LAYER_2;
//Setting the maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers of PUSCH MU-MIMO
MOD NRDUCELLPUSCH: NrDuCellId=0, MaxMimoLayerCnt=LAYER_4;
//Configuring PDSCH MU-MIMO enhancements
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0, MuMimoSwitch=DL_MU_OPTIMAL_LAYER_SW-1;
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, DlPmiMuMimoSpaceIsoThld=140, DlSrsMuMimoChanIsoThld=30,
DlSrsMuMimoSpaceIsoThld=50, SrsPresinrThld=2, DlMuMimoGroupMode=ISOLATION_CORRELATION,
DlMuGatherOptSw=OFF, DlMimoMcsOptPolicy=OFF, DlLowTimeCorrMuSw=ON,
DlPdschAlgoSwitch=DL_DELAY_SCH_OPT_SW-1, DlDelaySchBufferThld=1;
MOD NRDUCELLDLMIMO: NrDuCellId=0,
DLMuMimoSchSupplementSw=DL_SMALL_PACKET_MERGE_SW-1&DL_SE_SU_MU_MIMO_ADAPT_SW-1,
DlMuPrbUsageThld=0, DlMuBackToSuSeThld=5, DlMuPmiBeamNumThld=3;
MOD NRDUCELLDMRS: NrDuCellId=0, DlMuEstRbPolicy=PSEUDOORTHOG_DMRS_ADAPT_DEDUCT;
MOD NRDUCELLDLRANK: NrDuCellId=0, DlSrsMuMimoRank=RANK_2, DlPmiMuMimoRank=RANK_2;
//(Recommended) Setting the downlink mobile MU-MIMO enhancement switch according to the default
value
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0,UeFeatureBasedPairEnhSw=DL_MOBILE_MU_ENH_SW-0;
//Turning on the downlink MCS index table adaptation enhancement switch
MOD NRDUCellDlMimo: NrDuCellId=0, DLMuMimoSchSupplementSw=DL_MCS_TABLE_ADAPT_ENH_SW-1;
//Turning on the downlink TBS calculation optimization switch
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, DlPdschAlgoSwitch=TBS_CALC_OPT_SW-1;
//Turning on the downlink RB estimation optimization switch
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, DlPdschAlgoSwitch=RB_ESTIMATE_OPT_SW-1;
//Configuring PUSCH MU-MIMO enhancements
MOD NRDUCELLULMIMO: NrDuCellId=0, AlignPairBigSmlPktRbThld=20, AlignPairSmlPktRbExtRatio=200,
AlignPairBigPktRbRedRatio=50, MuFreqSelSchRbRatioThld=40, MuRbRatioThld=40,
UlMuMimoAlgoSwitch=MU_BEAM_PAIR_OPT_SW-1&SML_PKT_ALIGN_PAIR_OPT_SW-1&BIG_PKT_ALIGN_PAI
R_OPT_SW-1&BIG_PKT_UE_FREQ_SEL_SCH_OPT_SW-1&MU_MULTI_SLOT_PAIR_SW-1&DIFF_FLDMRS_MAX_L
ENGTH_PAIR_SW-1;
MOD NRDUCELLULAMC: NrDuCellId=0, UlAmcAlgoSw=MU_AMC_OPT_SW-1;
MOD NRDUCELLPUSCH: NrDuCellId=0, UlPuschAlgoSwitch=UL_SCHEDULE_ENH_SW-1;
//(Optional) Configuring the PUSCH MU-MIMO pairing threshold
MOD NRDUCELLULMIMO: NrDuCellId=0, UlMuMimoCorrThld=9, UlMuMimoSinrThld=-20;
//Configuring SINR optimization for downlink MU-MIMO
MOD NRDUCELLDLAMC: NrDuCellId=0, DlMuMimoSirScaleFactor=10;
MOD NRDUCELLPDSCH: NrDuCellId=0, DlMuInitialMcsAdjValue=-2;

The following provides only deactivation command examples. You can determine
whether to restore the settings of other parameters based on actual network
conditions.
//Deactivating MU-MIMO
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0, MuMimoSwitch=DL_MU_OPTIMAL_LAYER_SW-0,
UeFeatureBasedPairEnhSw=DL_MOBILE_MU_ENH_SW-0;
MuMimoSwitch=UL_MU_MIMO_SW-0&PDCCH_MU_SW-0&DL_MU_MIMO_SW-0;


Check whether MU-MIMO has taken effect. On the MAE-Access, choose Monitor
> Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management > NR > Cell Performance

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Monitoring. Select the corresponding base station and cell to start a monitoring
task. If the value of a monitoring item listed in Table 6-4 is greater than 1, the
corresponding function has taken effect.
Table 6-4 MU MIMO monitoring items

Function Monitoring Description
Item
Downlink Max Number If the value is greater than 1, PDSCH MU-

MU-MIMO of DL MIMO has taken effect.
monitoring Transmission
Pair Layers
Uplink MU- Max Number If the value is greater than 1, PUSCH MU-
MIMO of UL MIMO has taken effect.
monitoring Transmission
Pair Layers
Air interface PdcchMaxMU If the value is greater than 1, PDCCH MU-

DCI LayerNum MIMO has taken effect.
monitoring
In addition, you can use the following indicators to estimate the effects of PDSCH
MU-MIMO and PUSCH MU-MIMO.
● Average number of downlink MU-MIMO layers on each PRB in a cell =
N.ChMeas.MIMO.DL.Pair.Layer / N.ChMeas.MIMO.DL.Pair.PRB
● Average number of uplink MU-MIMO layers on each PRB in a cell =
N.ChMeas.MIMO.UL.Pair.Layer / N.ChMeas.MIMO.UL.Pair.PRB
● Indicators applicable to both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO:
– Average number of downlink layers on each PRB in a cell =
N.ChMeas.MIMO.DL.Transmission.Layer / ((N.PRB.DL.DrbUsed.Avg +
N.PRB.DL.SrbUsed.Avg) x N.DL.PDSCH.Tti.Num). The scheduling results
before Msg4 during the access procedure are not considered.
– Maximum number of downlink layers on a PRB in a cell =
N.ChMeas.MIMO.DL.Transmission.Layer.Max
– Average number of uplink layers on each PRB in a cell =
N.ChMeas.MIMO.UL.Trans.Layer / (N.PRB.PUSCH.Used.Avg x
N.UL.PUSCH.Tti.Num)
– Maximum number of uplink layers on a PRB in a cell =
N.ChMeas.MIMO.UL.Trans.Layer.Max
NOTE
The N.ChMeas.MIMO.UL.Trans.Layer counter does not consider the scheduling results

before Msg4 during the access procedure, but the N.PRB.PUSCH.Used.Avg counter
considers the PUSCH scheduling results before Msg4 during the access procedure. As a
result, the average number of uplink layers is slightly different from the actual number.

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After this function is enabled, you can observe the increase in cell capacity using
the following KPIs:
● Uplink cell data throughput = N.ThpVol.UL / N.RLC.ThpTime.UL.Cell
● Downlink cell data throughput = N.ThpVol.DL / N.RLC.ThpTime.DL.Cell

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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 7 Distributed Massive MIMO (Low-Frequency TDD)
7 Distributed Massive MIMO (Low-

Frequency TDD)
7.1 Principles
Cell split can be used for capacity expansion in high-capacity scenarios. After the
split, however, the capacity may not increase or even decrease due to severe intra-
NR-frequency inter-cell interference. In addition, deep fading is likely to occur in
indoor coverage scenarios, affecting user performance. Distributed massive MIMO
is introduced to address these issues. This function reduces cell edges and
mitigates inter-cell interference by combining the original n 4T4R cells into one
4nT4nR cell. This requires that the original cells provide continuous coverage and
be served by RF modules working in the same frequency band. In the massive
MIMO cell generated after the combination, MU-MIMO can be used to improve
the uplink and downlink capacity and spectral efficiency.
A common cell is served by only one transmission reception point (TRP), whereas
a distributed massive MIMO cell is served by multiple TRPs, which can be added
by running the ADD NRDUCELLTRP command.
A distributed massive MIMO cell can be served by multiple TRPs. One TRP is the
master TRP, and the others are slave TRPs. Only the master TRP needs to be
assigned baseband equipment while the slave TRPs are configured with only RF
information. The master and slave TRPs share the same baseband equipment. The
master TRP is specified by setting the NRDUCellTrp.TrpType parameter to
MASTER_DM_MIMO. A slave TRP is specified by setting the
NRDUCellTrp.TrpType parameter to SLAVE and associated with the master TRP
using the NRDUCellTrp.MasterTrpId parameter. In addition, the
DM_MIMO_SERVICE_SWITCH option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.DmMimoSwitch parameter needs to be set for the
distributed massive MIMO cell to take effect.
The gNodeB determines whether UEs are in overlapping areas based on the SRS
RSRP differences between TRPs. For UEs in overlapping areas, multiple TRPs jointly
process traffic channel data to increase the UE throughput. For UEs not in
overlapping areas, the beams of multiple TRPs can use the same time-frequency
resources of PUSCH, PDSCH, or PDCCH for spatial multiplexing if the
UL_MU_MIMO_SW, DL_MU_MIMO_SW, or PDCCH_MU_SW option of the

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NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.MuMimoSwitch parameter is selected. For the maximum

number of spatial multiplexing layers, see Table 7-1.
Table 7-1 Maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers for multiple UEs
Number of Maximum Maximum Maximum Number of
Antennas Number of Number of PUSCH MU-MIMO
After the PDSCH MU- PDCCH MU- Layers
Combination MIMO Layers MIMO Layers
16T16R or 16 4 8
more
8T8R 8 Not supported 4

NOTE
The maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers allowed in a cell is limited by the
number of layers supported by the baseband resources of the cell. The gNodeB allocates
sufficient baseband resources to the cell for data transmission on more layers only when
the PRB usage of the cell is high.

7.2.1 Benefits
This function reduces inter-cell interference in overlapping areas. By increasing
SINRs, it increases UE throughput in overlapping areas.
PDSCH MU-MIMO and PUSCH MU-MIMO increase cell throughput and UE
throughput. The more the spatial multiplexing layers, the higher the gains. It is
recommended that MU-MIMO be enabled when cell load is high. Cell load is high
when the uplink or downlink PRB usage is high, for example, higher than or equal
to 60%.
NOTE
Distributed massive MIMO uses multiple antennas for joint transmission and reception to
reduce inter-UE interference. Theoretically, the maximum number of paired layers is equal
to the number of antennas. However, it is recommended that the number of paired layers
be less than the number of antennas to obtain more spatial freedom and achieve better
interference suppression capability. For example, if 4 TRPs with 16 antennas are configured,
the maximum number of layers is 16 in theory. However, the recommended number of
layers in a cell is less than 16 (for example, 12) to achieve better inter-UE interference
suppression capability. If 6 to 8 TRPs with 24 to 32 antennas are configured, the maximum
number of layers in a cell does not need to be limited because it is less than the number of
antennas for joint transmission and reception.
7.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
If more than four 4T4R cells are combined into one distributed massive MIMO cell,
the capacity of the combined cell is less than the total capacity of the original
cells.

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The transmit power of pRRUs in a distributed massive MIMO cell must be the
same as the NRDUCellTrp.MaxTransmitPower parameter value set for the
master TRP. Otherwise, the throughput may decrease. For details about pRRU
power configuration, see Power Control.
Function Impacts
Function Function Switch Reference Description
Name
MU-MIMO NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.MuMi MIMO For UEs not in overlapping areas,

moSwitch (TDD) the beams of multiple TRPs can
use the same time-frequency
resources of PUSCH, PDSCH, or
PDCCH for spatial multiplexing if
the UL_MU_MIMO_SW,
DL_MU_MIMO_SW, or
PDCCH_MU_SW option of the
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.MuMimo
Switch parameter is selected.
PUCCH NRDUCellPucch.StructureTy Channel Only the setting of
structure type pe Managemen LONG_STRUCTURE is supported
t in a distributed massive MIMO
cell.
Amount of CSI- NRDUCellCsirs.CsirsCellReso Channel Only one set of CSI-RS resources

RS resources in urceNum Managemen is supported in a distributed
a cell t massive MIMO cell.
Broadcast SCENARIO_BEAM_DENSIFY_ Beam If the maximum number of SSB

beam ALGO_SW option of the Managemen beams supported under the
densification NRDUCellTrpBeam.Scenario t current slot configuration is
BeamAlgoSw parameter required in a distributed massive
MIMO cell, broadcast beam
densification can be enabled.
7.3 Requirements
7.3.1 Licenses
The following are feature and capacity license requirements.
Table 7-2 Feature licenses
Feature ID Feature Name Model Sales Unit
FOFD-050202 Distributed Massive MIMO NR0SDMMIMO00 per Carrier per

pRRU

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Table 7-3 Capacity licenses
Model Description Sales Unit
NR0S0DLEPU00 Massive MIMO DL 2-Layers Extended Processing Unit per 2 Layers per
License (NR) Cell
NR0S0ULEPU00 Massive MIMO UL 2-Layers Extended Processing Unit per 2 Layers per
License (NR) Cell
NR0SBPMMBW00 UBBP Massive MIMO Operating Bandwidth 1*20MHz per 1*20MHz

License (NR)
NR0SDMMIMO03 Distributed Massive MIMO for 5000 Series LampSite per Carrier per
pRRU (NR) pRRU
The maximum number of spatial multiplexing layers cannot exceed the licensed
number. One license unit corresponds to two layers. For details about licensing
rules, see License Management.
7.3.2 Software
Before activating this function, ensure that its prerequisite functions have been
activated and mutually exclusive functions have been deactivated. For detailed
operations, see the relevant feature documents.
None

Function Name Function Switch Reference
Hyper Cell NRDUCell.NrDuCellNetworkingMode set to Hyper Cell

HYPER_CELL
Cell Combination NRDUCell.NrDuCellNetworkingMode set to Cell

HYPER_CELL_COMBINE_MODE Combination
Intra-base-station DL INTRA_GNB_DL_JT_SW option of the CoMP
CoMP NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.CompSwitch parameter
UL CoMP INTRA_GNB_UL_COMP_SW option of the CoMP

NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.CompSwitch parameter
Super uplink with SUPER_UL_TDM_SCH_SW option of the Super Uplink

independent SUL NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.SuperUplinkSwitch parameter
deployment
Downlink mobile MU- DL_MOBILE_MU_ENH_SW option of the MIMO (TDD)

MIMO enhancement NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.UeFeatureBasedPairEnhSw
parameter

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Function Name Function Switch Reference
RF channel intelligent RF_SHUTDOWN_SW option of the Energy

shutdown NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.PowerSavingSwitch Conservation
parameter and Emission
Reduction
LTE TDD and NR Flash LTE_NR_DYN_POWER_SHARING_SW option of the LTE and NR
Dynamic Power NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.DynPowerSharingSwitch Power Sharing
Sharing parameter
7.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models
Boards
All NR-capable main control boards and NR TDD-capable UBBPg2a/UBBPg3/
UBBPg3a/UBBPg3b boards support this function. For details, see LampSite BBU
Hardware Description in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station Product Documentation.
NOTE
One BBP supports only one distributed massive MIMO cell. It does not support mixed
configuration of distributed and non-distributed massive MIMO cells.
RF Modules
All NR-capable LampSite Pro pRRUs, except the pRRU592x, pRRU593x, and
pRRU595x, support this function. For details, see the technical specifications of RF
modules in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station Product Documentation.
7.3.4 Others
Cells must work in TDD mode. That is, the NRDUCell.DuplexMode parameter
must be set to CELL_TDD.
Distributed massive MIMO cells can be served only by 4T4R TRPs, not by TRPs in
other TX/RX modes or pRRUs in different TX/RX modes.
In single-carrier networking, each distributed massive MIMO cell can be served by
a maximum of 16 TRPs. In multi-carrier networking (with multiple carriers on the
same pRRU), each distributed massive MIMO cell can be served by a maximum of
8 TRPs; in addition, these TRPs must be configured on BBPs in the same BBU.
Each distributed massive MIMO cell can be served by a maximum of 96 pRRUs.

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Table 7-4 describes the parameters used for function activation. This section does
not describe parameters related to cell establishment. For details about these
parameters, see Cell Management.
Parameter Parameter ID Setting Notes

Name
TRP Type NRDUCellTrp.TrpType Set this parameter to

MASTER_DM_MIMO for a
master TRP and SLAVE for a
slave TRP.
Master TRP NRDUCellTrp.MasterTrpId For a slave TRP, set this

ID parameter to the value of
NRDUCellTrp.NrDuCellTrpId
of the master TRP, associating
the slave TRP with the master
TRP.
Distributed NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.DmMi Select the

Massive moSwitch DM_MIMO_SERVICE_SWITCH
MIMO Switch option.
Channel NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.ChnCal Select the

Calibration ibSwitch INTER_RRU_CHN_CALIB_SW
Switch option.

For configuration examples of distributed massive MIMO cells, see "Establishing a
LampSite RF Combination Cell" in the "Using MML Commands" section in Cell
Management. The following provides only the differences in function activation.
//Configuring different types of TRPs
//Configuring a master TRP and binding it to a distributed massive MIMO cell
MOD NRDUCELLTRP: NrDuCellTrpId=1, NrDuCellId=0, TxRxMode=4T4R,
PowerConfigMode=TRANSMIT_POWER, MaxTransmitPower=200, CpriCompression=3DOT2_COMPRESSION,
TrpType=MASTER_DM_MIMO;
//Configuring a slave TRP
MOD NRDUCELLTRP: NrDuCellTrpId=2, NrDuCellId=65535, TxRxMode=4T4R, TrpType=SLAVE, MasterTrpId=1;
//Enabling distributed massive MIMO

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MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0, ChnCalibSwitch=INTER_RRU_CHN_CALIB_SW-1,

DmMimoSwitch=DM_MIMO_SERVICE_SWITCH-1;

Before deactivating distributed massive MIMO, deactivate the cell. In addition, you
can associate slave TRPs with DU cells. For details about how to establish a DU
cell, see "Establishing a LampSite RF Combination Cell" in the "Using MML
Commands" section in Cell Management. The following provides only deactivation
command examples. You can determine whether to restore the settings of other
parameters based on actual network conditions.
//Deactivating the cell
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=0;
//Reserving only one TRP for a common cell and removing the other TRPs
RMV NRDUCELLCOVERAGE:NrDuCellTrpId=2;
RMV NRDUCELLTRP:NrDuCellTrpId=2;
//Turning off the distributed massive MIMO switch
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0, DmMimoSwitch=DM_MIMO_SERVICE_SWITCH-0;
//Changing the TRP type to DEFAULT
MOD NRDUCELLTRP: NrDuCellTrpId=1, TrpType=DEFAULT;


Run the DSP NRDUCELL command to check the status of a distributed massive
MIMO cell. If the cell is in the normal state, the cell has been successfully set up.
Run the DSP NRDUCELLTRP command to check the status of TRPs. If the TRPs are
in the vailable state, the TRPs have been successfully set up.
The results of interference monitoring under cell performance monitoring on the
MAE are not applicable to distributed massive cells. The average interference of
antennas cannot reflect the actual interference of the distributed massive MIMO
cell as the interference of each antenna varies greatly with the antenna location.

Monitor the increase in UE throughput by comparing the following KPIs of the
distributed massive MIMO cell and those of the original cells.
Monitor the increase in cell capacity by comparing the following KPIs of the
distributed massive MIMO cell and those of the original cells.
● Uplink cell data throughput = N.ThpVol.UL / N.RLC.ThpTime.UL.Cell
● Downlink cell data throughput = N.ThpVol.DL / N.RLC.ThpTime.DL.Cell

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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 8 Multi-Beam FDM (High-Frequency TDD)
8 Multi-Beam FDM (High-Frequency TDD)
8.1 Principles
Hybrid beamforming, including analog beamforming, is used in high frequency
bands. Generally, all TX/RX channels form one analog beam to enhance coverage.
Therefore, only one analog beam is used in a high-frequency cell at a time.
("beam" hereinafter refers to "analog beam" unless otherwise stated.) In addition,
only one optimal beam can be selected for a UE in the cell. For details about how
to select an optimal beam, see mmWave Beam Management (High-Frequency
TDD). As multiple beams cannot be scheduled at the same time, only UEs in one
beam can be scheduled in one slot and spectrum resources cannot be fully
utilized. To improve spectral efficiency, multi-beam frequency division multiplexing
(FDM) is introduced.
Multi-beam FDM is enabled when the VOL_BASED_BEAM_MULTIPLEX_SW option
of the NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.BeamMultiplexSwitch parameter is selected.
Different TX/RX channels form different beams. An RF module with four TX/RX
channels can form a maximum of two beams while an RF module with eight
TX/RX channels can form a maximum of four beams. If a UE served by a beam
does not occupy all RB resources and its coverage is not limited, this UE can be
scheduled together with another UE in another beam in the same slot, as shown
in Figure 8-1.

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Figure 8-1 Multi-beam FDM
For burst services, multi-beam FDM may not take effect when there are
restrictions on PDCCH beams. To avoid this, it is recommended that the
PUSCH_DTX_AGG_LVL_ADAPT_SW option of the
NRDUCellPdcch.PdcchAlgoEnhSwitch parameter be selected.
8.2.1 Benefits
When network load is heavy, it is recommended that this function be enabled to
increase the downlink PRB utilization, average downlink UE throughput, and
downlink cell traffic volume.
Network load is heavy if the proportion of scheduled downlink slots is greater

than 80% during busy hours.
Proportion of scheduled downlink slots = N.ThpTime.DL.Cell/125/60/

Measurement period (minutes)/Number of downlink slots within 1s
If the 4:1 slot configuration is used in high frequency bands:

● For 16 SSB beams in NSA networking, the number of downlink slots is 6000
within 1s.
within 1s.
within 1s.
within 1s.
● For 16 SSB beams in SA networking, the number of downlink slots is 5200
within 1s.

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within 1s.
within 1s.
within 1s.
8.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
The average transmit power of RF modules changes after multi-beam FDM takes
effect.
The single-beam gains of UEs in the cell center will decrease and the downlink
IBLER and RBLER of the cell will increase after multi-beam FDM takes effect.
As an antenna array is divided into multiple sub-arrays, the MCS indexes of non-
cell-edge UEs decrease but the number of scheduling times for large-packet UEs
may increase. As the MCS indexes of large-packet UEs are higher than those of
other UEs, the average MCS index of the cell will decrease or increase, depending
on the proportion of non-cell-edge large-packet UEs.
After UEs in multiple beams are scheduled at the same time, there may be
changes in the values of downlink scheduling counters, including the average CCE
aggregation level of UEs and the transmission delay of the first packet at the RLC
layer.
After multi-beam FDM takes effect, the downlink cell throughput may fluctuate. If
there are a large number of small-packet UEs or a large number of large-packet
UEs with only some CCs activated, the numbers of scheduled UEs and PRBs
increase and the downlink cell throughput may increase. However, as an antenna
array is divided into multiple sub-arrays, the average MCS index decreases; as a
result, the number of slots scheduled in each cell may increase and the downlink
cell throughput may decrease.

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Function Impacts
Function Function Switch Reference Description
Name
Flexible Dense FLEXIBLE_DENSE_BEAM_SW mmWave After the Flexible Dense Beam

Beam option of the Beam function is enabled, the number
NRDUCellTrpMmwav- Managemen of data transmission beams may
Beam.BeamPerformanceSw t (High- increase and the beam
parameter Frequency multiplexing degree may
TDD) decrease. Therefore, it is
recommended that multi-beam
FDM be enabled together with
this function to improve the
beam multiplexing degree.
Otherwise, the Cell Downlink
Average Throughput (DU) and
User Downlink Average
Throughput (DU) may decrease
due to a reduction in the beam
multiplexing degree.
8.3 Requirements
8.3.1 Licenses
There are no license requirements for basic functions.
8.3.2 Software
None

None
8.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models
with the BBU3910.
Boards
All NR-capable main control boards and NR TDD mmWave baseband processing
units support this function. For details, see the BBU technical specifications in 3900
& 5900 Series Base Station Product Documentation.

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RF Modules
RF modules must be HAAU5213, HAAU5222, or HAAU5323.
8.3.4 Others
None

Table 8-1 describes the parameters used for multi-beam FDM activation.

Name
Beam NRDUCellAlg VOL_BASED_B It is recommended that this

Multiplex oSwitch.Bea EAM_MULTIP option be selected to improve
Switch mMultiplexS LEX_SW spectral efficiency.
witch
PDCCH NRDUCellPdc PUSCH_DTX_ It is recommended that this
Algorithm ch.PdcchAlgo AGG_LVL_AD option be selected to increase
Enhancement EnhSwitch APT_SW the PDCCH beam utilization.
Switch

//Enabling multi-beam FDM
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0, BeamMultiplexSwitch=VOL_BASED_BEAM_MULTIPLEX_SW-1;
//Turning on the PUSCH_DTX_AGG_LVL_ADAPT_SW
MOD NRDUCELLPDCCH: NrDuCellId=0, PdcchAlgoEnhSwitch=PUSCH_DTX_AGG_LVL_ADAPT_SW-1;
//(Optional) Turning on the 2-port CSI-RS coverage enhancement switch if there are 2-port CSI-RS UEs on
the network
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0, BeamMultiplexSwitch=CSIRS_2PORT_COV_ENH_SW-1;

//Turning off the PUSCH_DTX_AGG_LVL_ADAPT_SW
MOD NRDUCELLPDCCH: NrDuCellId=0, PdcchAlgoEnhSwitch=PUSCH_DTX_AGG_LVL_ADAPT_SW-0;
//Disabling multi-beam FDM
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0, BeamMultiplexSwitch=VOL_BASED_BEAM_MULTIPLEX_SW-0;

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None

Observe the increases in the downlink PRB utilization, average downlink UE
throughput, and downlink cell traffic volume.
● Downlink PRB utilization = (N.PRB.DL.Used.Avg / N.PRB.DL.Avail.Avg) x
100%
● Average downlink UE throughput = User Downlink Average Throughput
(DU)
● Downlink cell traffic volume = Downlink Traffic Volume (DU)

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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 9 Inter-Cell Cable Sequence Detection
9 Inter-Cell Cable Sequence Detection
9.1 Principles
Generally, the four channels of a 4R RRU are connected to those of a four-channel
antenna, as shown in Figure 9-1.
Figure 9-1 Correct RRU connections
However, due to construction problems on the live network, an RRU channel of a

cell may be connected to a polarized antenna channel of another cell, as shown in
Figure 9-2. This connection is incorrect and also called an inter-cell cross-
connection.

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Figure 9-2 Incorrect RRU connections
The inter-cell cable sequence detection function is used to determine whether an

RRU channel of a cell is connected to an antenna channel of another cell based on
the correlation between the signals received by RRU channels in intra-base-station
cells.
The inter-cell cable sequence detection function can be used only when at least
two cells are properly activated on the same logical site. The detection results are
reliable only when there are UEs performing uplink services properly in the cells to
be checked within the detection time. The maximum detection time is 30 minutes.
To improve the effective rate of detection results in the initial phase of site
deployment, it is recommended that the detection be performed three times, 15
minutes after cell activation, for each site. The inter-cell cable sequence detection
function is enabled when the AntPortOptDetPolicy parameter in the STR
ANTENNAPORTOPTDET command is set to INTER_CELL_DETECT.
After the gNodeB starts inter-cell cable sequence detection:

● If the operation is successful, Operation succeeded is displayed. In addition,
the detection progress is periodically updated. When the progress reaches
100%, the detection results are automatically displayed on the MML
command execution page.
● If the operation fails, No cell is available for the operation or The cable
connection check is in progress is displayed, depending on the cause of the
detection failure. No cell is available for the operation indicates that no cell
meets the conditions for inter-cell cable sequence detection. The cable
connection check is in progress indicates that inter-cell cable sequence
detection or antenna port detection is being performed in some cells.
The gNodeB searches intra-base-station cells for properly-activated cells that meet
detection requirements. It starts a detection only after finding out qualified cells.
During the detection, it determines whether the RRU of a cell is connected to the
antenna channels of another cell based on the signal correlation between RRU
channels. If so, there is an inter-cell cross-connection.
The gNodeB selects to-be-checked cells based on the following principles:
● The cell TX/RX mode is 4T4R.

● The NRDUCell.NrDuCellNetworkingMode parameter is set to
NORMAL_CELL.
● A maximum of five frequency bands are supported on a site.

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● A maximum of 36 cells are supported in a frequency band.

● At least two of the cells supported in a frequency band are activated, and
channel shutdown or power derating does not take effect.
● The average value of interference plus noise measured three times within 15
minutes is less than or equal to –90 dBm in to-be-checked cells.
If a cell does not meet the conditions, the subsequent inter-cell cable sequence
detection will not be performed in this cell and the corresponding error is provided
in the detection result. For details, see 9.4.2 Activation Verification.
Note: To-be-checked cells must work on the same frequency. If they work on
different frequencies in the same frequency band on a site, cells with the lowest
frequency are preferentially selected for detection.
● Inter-cell cable sequence detection results can be queried by running the DSP
ANTENNAPORTOPTDET command with AntPortOptDetPolicy set to
INTER_CELL_DETECT.
● Inter-cell cable sequence detection can be stopped by running the STP
ANTENNAPORTOPTDET command with AntPortOptDetPolicy set to
INTER_CELL_DETECT.
Missing detection will occur in cells working on frequencies that are not selected.
The detection failure probability may increase or the detection results may be
unreliable in some situations.
● If most UEs are located in the overlapping area of two intra-base-station cells,
the detection failure probability increases because the signals received by the
antennas of these cells are similar.
● If cell services are abnormal or VSWR alarms are reported, the detection
results may be inaccurate.
● If the checked cells are covered by an indoor distributed antenna system
(DAS), the detection results may be inaccurate.
9.2.1 Benefits
The inter-cell cable sequence detection function enables customers to learn the
connections between RRUs and antennas without visiting sites. Customers need to
visit sites for troubleshooting only if inter-cell cross-connections are detected.
The signal correlation between RX channels is affected by many factors, such as
UE distribution, external interference, and cell service status.
In commercial scenarios, the average number of UEs in each cell must be greater
than 6 during the detection period and not all UEs are distributed in the
overlapping area of intra-base-station cells. The expected effective rate of physical
connection check results is 90%.
If no UEs are in a cell to be checked or UEs are at the edge of the cell, drive-test
UEs can be used for detection in the cell center. Specifically, move drive-test UEs
within an area that is of a line of sight (LOS) distance of 50 m to 100 m in front
of the antenna. During the test, ensure that the UEs are in RRC_CONNECTED

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5G RAN
mode and each cell to be checked has certain uplink services during the cable
sequence detection.
Inter-cell cross-connections can be corrected onsite to improve downlink multi-
antenna performance. For UEs accessing the network, the access success rate
increases. For UEs performing data transmission, the downlink throughput
increases.
9.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
None
Function Impacts
Function Name Function Switch Reference Description
Intelligent carrier INTRA_GNB_MULT Energy If intelligent

shutdown I_CARR_SD_SW or Conservation carrier shutdown
INTER_GNB_MULT and Emission takes effect
I_CARR_SD_SW Reduction during inter-cell
option of the cable sequence
NRDUCellAlgoSwi detection, the
tch.PowerSavingS detection results
witch parameter will show that the
detection fails in
the corresponding
cells.
Timing carrier TIMING_CARRIER_ Energy If timing carrier

shutdown SHUTDOWN_SW Conservation shutdown takes
option of the and Emission effect during
NRDUCellAlgoSwi Reduction inter-cell cable
tch.PowerSavingS sequence
witch parameter detection, the
detection results
will show that the
detection fails in
the corresponding
cells.

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5G RAN
Function Name Function Switch Reference Description
RF channel RF_SHUTDOWN_S Energy If RF channel

intelligent W option of the Conservation intelligent
shutdown NRDUCellAlgoSwi and Emission shutdown takes
tch.PowerSavingS Reduction effect during
witch parameter inter-cell cable
sequence
detection, the
detection results
will show that the
detection fails in
the corresponding
cells.
UL CoMP INTRA_GNB_UL_C CoMP UL CoMP is not

OMP_SW option performed for UEs
of the involved in cable
NRDUCellAlgoSwi sequence
tch.CompSwitch detection. If a UE
parameter meets both UL
CoMP and cable
sequence
detection
conditions, only
UL CoMP is
performed for the
UE.
9.3 Requirements
9.3.1 Licenses
None
9.3.2 Software
None

None

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5G RAN
9.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models
with the BBU3910.
Boards
All NR TDD-capable main control boards and baseband processing units support
this function. For details, see the BBU technical specifications in 3900 & 5900
Series Base Station Product Documentation.
RF Modules
NR TDD-capable RRUs that have 4T4R or have 2T2R but can be combined for
4T4R support this function. For details, see the technical specifications of RF
modules in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station Product Documentation.
Cells
Combined RRUs are supported but combined antennas are not supported.
Cells must be 4R cells, not any of the following cells:
● Combined cells
● Hyper cells
If an 8T8R cell is split into two 4T4R cells, the two 4T4R cells must have different
sector coverage directions.
9.3.4 Others
None

Table 9-1 describes the parameters used for function activation.

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5G RAN
Parameter Name Parameter ID Setting Notes
Antenna Port AntPortOptDetPolicy Set this parameter to

Optimize Detection parameter in the STR INTER_CELL_DETECT.
Policy ANTENNAPORTOPTDE
T command

//Performing detection on the entire base station
STR ANTENNAPORTOPTDET: AntPortOptDetPolicy=INTER_CELL_DETECT;
//Stopping detection
STP ANTENNAPORTOPTDET: AntPortOptDetPolicy=INTER_CELL_DETECT;
Optimization Command Examples

N/A

Method 1: Using MML Commands
Run the DSP ANTENNAPORTOPTDET command to query the intra-base-station

inter-cell cable sequence detection results, IDs of the NR DU cells with cross-
connections, and latest detection completion time. Table 9-2 describes the inter-
cell cable sequence detection results.
Table 9-2 Parameter values and descriptions of the inter-cell cable sequence
detection results
Parameter Value Meaning Description
CROSSED Crossed There is a cross-connection between

this cell and another cell.
CORRECT Correct There is no cross-connection between

this cell and another cell.
ERROR_SERVICE_INTE Error_Service Services of this cell are interrupted

RRUPT Interruption during the detection.
ERROR_CHANNEL_SH Error_Channel Channels of this cell are shut down

UTDOWN Shutdown during the detection.
ERROR_CHANNEL_DE Error_Channel Channel derating occurs in this cell

RATING Derating during the detection.
ERROR_INSUFFICIENT Error_Insuffici No sufficient detection data is

_DATA ent Data collected in this cell during the
detection.

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5G RAN
Parameter Value Meaning Description
ERROR_LOW_CORREL Error_Low The signal correlation between

ATION Correlation channels of this cell is too low during
the detection.
ERROR_RRSI_NO_CHA Error_No RSSI The channel RSSIs of this cell remain

NGE Change unchanged during the detection and
therefore no detection results can be
obtained.
ERROR_NO_DETECT_R Error_No Among intra-base-station intra-

ESULT Detect Result frequency cells, only this cell is
activated during the detection and
therefore the detection cannot
continue.
ERROR_EXCESSIVE_IN Error_Excessiv The interference in this cell is greater

TERFERENCE e Interference than –90 dBm. The detection accuracy
cannot be ensured, and the cable
sequence detection cannot be
performed.
ERROR_INVALID_RSSI Error_Invalid During the detection, the RSSIs of

_DATA RSSI Data some channels of this cell indicate that
signals are close to interference. The
detection accuracy cannot be ensured,
and the cable sequence detection
cannot be performed.
DETECTING Detecting Cable sequence detection is being

performed in this cell.
NOT_DETECTED Not Detected This cell is not selected for detection.
If a local cell has a cross-connection with another cell, the detection result of the
local cell is CROSSED and the Crossed NR DU Cell ID indicates the ID of the other
cell. If a cell has no cross-connection, the detection result of this cell is CORRECT.
If the detection fails due to another reason, a corresponding detection result listed
in Table 9-2 is displayed.
If an inter-cell cable sequence detection succeeds, the detection results of the
checked cells are displayed. If the next inter-cell cable sequence detection fails in
some cells, the Inter-Cell Line Sequence Detection Result field shows the
corresponding errors while the Crossed NR DU Cell ID and Latest Detection
Complete Time fields show the previous successful detection results.
After a cell is reset, deactivated, or reestablished, the previous detection result is
retained. After the RST APP command is executed in a cell, the previous detection
result is no longer retained.
Method 2: Using the MAE

On the MAE, perform Inter-Cell Cable Sequence Detection, set RAT Type to
gNodeB, and manually select a site or cells to be checked. After the detection is

(2021-12-30)
5G RAN
complete, click Export to download the detection result file. If the Inter-Cell Line
Sequence Detection Result field shows the detection results, see Table 9-2 for
the meaning and explanation.

None

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5G RAN
MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 10 Parameters
10 Parameters
The following hyperlinked EXCEL files of parameter reference match the software
version with which this document is released.
● Node Parameter Reference: contains device and transport parameters.

● gNodeBFunction Parameter Reference: contains all parameters related to
radio access functions, including air interface management, access control,
mobility control, and radio resource management.
● 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station gNodeBFunction Used Reserved Parameter
List: contains the reserved parameters that are in use and the reserved
parameters that fall into disuse in the current R version.
NOTE
You can find the EXCEL files of parameter reference and used reserved parameter list for
the software version used on the live network from the product documentation delivered
with that version.
FAQ 1: How do I find the parameters related to a certain feature from

parameter reference?
Step 1 Open the EXCEL file of parameter reference.
Step 2 On the Parameter List sheet, filter the Feature ID column. Click Text Filters and
choose Contains. Enter the feature ID, for example, FBFD-010011.
Step 3 Click OK. All parameters related to the feature are displayed.
----End
FAQ 2: How do I find the information about a certain reserved parameter

from the used reserved parameter list?
Step 1 Open the EXCEL file of the used reserved parameter list.
Step 2 On the Used Reserved Parameter List sheet, use the MO, Parameter ID, and BIT
columns to locate the reserved parameter. View its information, including the
meaning, values, and impacts.
----End

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5G RAN
MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 11 Counters
11 Counters
The following hyperlinked EXCEL files of performance counter reference match the
software version with which this document is released.
● Node Performance Counter Summary: contains device and transport counters.
● gNodeBFunction Performance Counter Summary: contains all counters related
to radio access functions, including air interface management, access control,
mobility control, and radio resource management.
NOTE
You can find the EXCEL files of performance counter reference for the software version used
on the live network from the product documentation delivered with that version.
FAQ: How do I find the counters related to a certain feature from

performance counter reference?
Step 1 Open the EXCEL file of performance counter reference.

Step 2 On the Counter Summary(En) sheet, filter the Feature ID column. Click Text
Filters and choose Contains. Enter the feature ID, for example, FBFD-010011.
Step 3 Click OK. All counters related to the feature are displayed.
----End

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5G RAN
MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 12 Glossary
12 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see Glossary.

(2021-12-30)
5G RAN
MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter Description 13 Reference Documents
13 Reference Documents
● 3GPP TS 38.104: "NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception"
● Technical Specifications in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station Product
Documentation
● Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction
● UE Power Saving
● License Management
● Scheduling
● CoMP
● High Speed Mobility
● Multi-Operator Sharing
● Hyper Cell
● Cell Combination
● Cell Management
● Carrier Aggregation
● Super Uplink
● Power Control
● Coordinated Interference Management (Low-Frequency TDD)

(2021-12-30)

Mimo (TDD) (5g Ran6.1 - Draft A)

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MIMO (TDD) Feature Parameter

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

2 About This Document.............................................................................................................4

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii

7 Distributed Massive MIMO (Low-Frequency TDD)....................................................... 64

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii

7.2 Network Analysis.................................................................................................................................................................. 65

8 Multi-Beam FDM (High-Frequency TDD)........................................................................71

9 Inter-Cell Cable Sequence Detection................................................................................77

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iv

9.4 Operation and Maintenance............................................................................................................................................. 82

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. v

This chapter describes changes not included in the "Parameters", "Counters",

1.1 5G RAN6.1 Draft A (2021-12-30)

Replaced the Modified parameters: Low- 3900 and 5900 series

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 1

Change Description Parameter Change RAT Base Station Model

Removed the impact None Low- DBS3900 LampSite

Added the Added the Low- 3900 and 5900 series

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2

Change Description Parameter Change RAT Base Station Model

Changed the maximum None Low- DBS3900 LampSite

Replaced the Added the Low- 3900 and 5900 series

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 3

2 About This Document

2.1 General Statements

2.2 Features in This Document

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 4

Feature ID Feature Name Chapter/Section

FBFD-010003 MIMO Basic Package 4 Basic Functions

FOFD-010020 SU-MIMO Multiple Layers 5 SU-MIMO

FOFD-010010 MU-MIMO Basic Pairing 6 MU-MIMO

FOFD-050202 Distributed Massive MIMO 7 Distributed

FBFD-010025 Basic O&M Package 9 Inter-Cell Cable

2.3 Differences Between NR FDD and NR TDD

SU-MIMO None 5 SU-MIMO

MU-MIMO Supported in both NR FDD and NR 6 MU-MIMO

Distributed Supported only in NR TDD 7 Distributed

Multi-beam FDM Supported only in NR TDD 8 Multi-Beam

Inter-cell cable None 9 Inter-Cell Cable

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5

2.4 Differences Between NSA and SA

Basic functions of None 4 Basic Functions

SU-MIMO None 5 SU-MIMO

MU-MIMO None 6 MU-MIMO

Distributed None 7 Distributed

Multi-beam FDM None 8 Multi-Beam

Inter-cell cable None 9 Inter-Cell Cable

2.5 Differences Between High Frequency Bands and

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 6

Function Name Difference Chapter/Section

Basic functions of ● SA networking is supported only in 4 Basic Functions

SU-MIMO SA networking is supported only in 5 SU-MIMO

MU-MIMO Supported only in low frequency bands 6 MU-MIMO

Distributed Supported only in low frequency bands 7 Distributed

Multi-beam FDM Supported only in high frequency 8 Multi-Beam

Inter-cell cable Supported only in low frequency bands 9 Inter-Cell Cable

Issue Draft A Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 7

With the rapid development of wireless communications, increasingly high