Universal Law of Gravitation “The mass density of a spherical galaxy varies as ‘ cover a large distance “r from its centre, In that 5, region, a small star is ina circular orbit of radius R. ‘Then the period of evolution, 7 depends on R as @) Pek (b) Pek? 1 (tet (@) T#R ® (2 Sep 1" Shift 2020) ‘The mass density of a planet of radius R varies with Pp) 6 the distance from its centre as (0) = Po|1— > ‘Then the gravitational field is maximum at 3 @r fie ()-r=R H 5 rate @ r= org wa roe (34 Sep 2 Shift 2020) 7+ Consider two solid spheres of radii, =1m, 3 Ry= 2mand masses M, 3 and M,, respectively. The a? 8 ‘gravitational field due to sphere D and @ are 9 9 SPF shown, The value of Mt i M; 2 1 1 L a2 wy t ot wt M5 WE OF W; (8 Jan 1” Shift 2020) Four identical particles of mass M are located at the corners of a square of side ‘a’ What should be their speed if each of 8 them revolves under the influence of others gravitational field in a circular orbit rcumseribing the square ? (a) 1.35, ee (b) 1.21, GM. (@) 116)" (@ 1% (8 April 1 Shift 2019) ‘A solid sphere of mass ‘Mand radius ‘a’ is surrounded by a uniform concentric spherical shell ‘of thickness 2a and mass 2M. The gravitational field at distance ‘3a’ from the centre will be 26M GM 20M a D c @ oom ot oF (9% Aprit 1 Shift 2019) ‘A test particle is moving in a circular orbit in the gravitational field produced by a mass density er) 5 . Identify the correct relation between the radius R of the particles orbitand its period T {@) TRisaconstant — (b) TIR* isa constant (©) PIRisaconstant (A) TIR is a constant (9 April 2 Shift 2019) A straight rod of length L extends from x = a tox=L + a The gravitational force it exerts on a point mass mr atx = 0, ifthe mass per unit length of the rod is A+ Be is given by @ nf a(t ae] mafic w ois ip jo 1 a (hee 1 a atl (12 Jan 1 Shift 2019) A particle is moving with a uniform speed in a circular orbit of radius R in a central force inversely proportional to the r® power of X. Ifthe period of rotation ofthe particles Ty then Me (b) Tee R? (d) Te RO? @ sn] 4 (a) Tee R82 for any m (o) To Rint (2018)Gravitation 1. a 1. “Take the mean distance ofthe moon andthe sun fromthe earth wo be 04 10k and 15010 respectively, Their masses are & x 10 kg and 2 10™ kg cespectvly The radius ofthe earth i {6400 km. Let AF, be the diference in the forces cxcred by the moon at the neaest and farthest points onthe earth aa A be the afeence tn the force exerted by te sun atthe nearest and farthest, points on the earth. Then, the number closest to AR an 2 06 —6 107 (Ontine 2018) The mass density of «spherical body is given by pina! berstand =O er» Rv? fs the distance from the centre, The correct graph that describes qualitatively the acceleration, @ of a test particle asa function of ris 4| ath wo LA rs tS ; AN Wl 4 (a) ms (Online 2017) {very long (length 1) linda gly is made of uno dstbuted mas and has ras Rum <1). Astarousde the any orig the solany ina plane perpendicular tothe galaxy and Pasting through centr. the ine peti of ar Ie rrend es chance rom the olay as then @ ree Ter (ter (@) TMF (Online 2015) Four particles, each of mass mand equidistant from cach other, move alga circle of radius Runde the action oftheir mutual gravitational attraction. The speed of each particle is 1 {or avi) «Om zt co (Man R * (2014) pam Directions + The following question contains statement-1 and statement-2. Of the four choices given, choose the one that best deseribes the two statements. 83 Statement-1: Fora mass ep atthe ene of ube of sie othe fax of grvitationa fel pasing {ough its sides AGM. Statement-21the diction of eld doe toa point source i radial and its dependence onthe distance ros the source even as 1/7, ts ta trough 3 lose satice depends ony on th source enclose by te surface an or shape ofthe surface (a) Statement is tue, statement-2 sabe (b) Statement is abe, statements tre (©) Statemen-t ise, statement? is true; atement2 is a correct explanation for statement (@) Statement is true, statement? is tre: atement2 is aot a correct explanation for statement (2008) Suppose the gravitational force vais inversely 38 the n™ power of distance Then the time peo of A plane in circular obit of rad R around the sn wl be proportional to wa) (2009) Foo) sfrcdhI Godtey ofl Mand SM and rai Ratd 22 respectively are released in free space ‘with initial separation between their centres equal to 12R Af they attract each other due to gravitational force ony then the distance covered by the smaller body just hefore collision is (@) 25K (HP ASR (6) 75K M. 0 AF Ao e 15) (a) 15R. (2003) [EBD Acceleration due to Gravity and its Variation with altitude, Depth and Latitude 16, The height ‘at which the weight of @ body wall bre the same as that atthe same depth "from the surface ofthe earth i (Radius of the earth is R and thse atone tech elected), R & w? Sar He wg fee (et5ep 4p 2020 17, The vale ofthe acceation de to gry ga a beighth = (= radi ofthe earth) from the surface ofthe cath. gain equaltog atadepthd18, 1. a. 2, below the surface of the extth. The equals 4 5 1 z @F OF OF WF (3 Sep 1 Shp 2020) ‘Theaccelration duc to gravity on the earth surface at the poles i ¢ and angular velocity of the earth thoet the axis puuing tough the pole isc Aa object is weighed atthe equator and ata helght shove the pols by unig « sping balance. If the ‘weights are found to be same then fis Ui<< R, ‘were Ris the radius ofthe earth) fol Rat ply we fo Mat gy Pet fg Ret wy Rot 2 8 4g as (9 Sep 2 Shy 2020) ‘Abox weight 1961 on a spring balance tthe north oes weg recoded on the sae Balance if Shi othe equator is close to (Take g = LO m sat ‘he north poe and the rads the earth = 6400 km) (a) 19432N (b) 19466 {6 19566 (a) 19532 (7 Jan 2 sip 2020) The value of aedration due to gravity a Earths surface is 9.1m $ Thealitade above its surface a hich the acceleration due to gravity decreases to 49m isclose to (Radius of Earth = 6.4 10° m) (a) 16% 10m (b) 2.6. 10° m (©) 64x 10m (€) 90 10 m (ao! April ship 2019) The rato of the weights of @ body on the Earths surface to that onthe surface ofa planet i894, The in he pt ho ht th ah {s the radius ofthe Earth, What i the radius ofthe planet ? (Take the planets to have the same mass density) R R wy x of wt (124 Aprit 24 Shif-2019) Suppose that the angular velocity of rotation of cath isincreased, Then, as consequence {@) there willbe no change in weight anywhere on theearth () weight of the object. everywhere on the earth, wil increase (©) exceptat pokes weight ofthe object onthe earth will decrease (2) weight of the object, everywhere onthe eath will decrease (Online 2018) R 5 ‘ass 23, The variation of acceleration due to gravity g with distance from centre of the Earth is best represented by (R= Earths rads) # “ ) 4 o) a a mcs “2017 Ifthe Earth has no rotational motion, the weight of 4 person on the equator is W. Determine the speed ‘with which the earth would have to rotate about its ‘axis o that the person a the equator will weigh ow ‘Radius ofthe Earth s 6400 km and g'= 10 mis? (2) 0.63 x10"? rad’s—(b) 083 x 10" rads (6) 0.28% 10 rad’ (4) 1.1% 10" rads (Online 2017) “The belaht ae wbich the aegeeration due to gravity becomes 99 (wher® g = the aefeleration due to gravity on the surface ofthe earth) in terms of R the radius ofthe earths (a) 28 R oF to) RD (a) VaR Average density ofthe earth (0) is directly proportional. g () isinversely proportional tog {) does not depend on ¢ (2) isacomples function of (2005) ‘The change inthe value of gat a height above the surface ofthe earth is the same as ata depth d below the surface of earth, When both d and hare much smaller than the radius of earth, then which ofthe following is correct? (a) d=2h (6) doh (2009) 2, deh (a) d=3h2 ‘Numerical Value Type {A ball is dropped from the top of « 100 m before hiting the (2005) toner ona planet. Inthe lst 2 round, It covers dance of 19m, Acceleration the to gavty (in m $) nea the surface on that planet (Jan 2 Sy 2020)n a. 31. al. 51. 61. @ © @ @ © (b) © nD 22. 32, 42. 52, 2. @ (a) © @ a) © © 13. 23. 33, 53. o) © @ @ © @ @ 4 24, M4. 44, 54, 64. Gm ‘Then, gravitational force, Fy = we @) (@) 0) (b) @ © 15. 25, 35, 45, 35, 65. @ © @) © ) @ b) ‘This force provides the star necessary centripetal force, Esa Sy / (a) + Let m be the mass ofthe small star and M be the mass of matter inside a sphere of radius R. 6 (d) 7% (d) & (c) % (a) 10. (a) 16. (d) 17, (b) 18 (a) 1% (d) 20. (by 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (8) 2%. (b) 30. (c) 36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (b) 3% (d) 40. (c) 46. (b) 47. (d) 48. (a) 49% (d) 50. (a) 56. (c) 57. (b) 58. (d) 59% (a) 60. (d) 66. (16) Period ofreoatin, 7= 28% 2. Tak ve Vi : Lat an elementary portion of radius rand thicknees dr dm = ptnedr : natureon ML net [at Anke} Grr?” Garr ss = Le comtant,— beer= rls z, Grids), pag’ fae es de/ aT raon(a'f ee a} Pormaximum value, 2 = 3. (b)s Blectre el atthe surface of sphere, 2G 7 ~! |e mortal) so, By=2= ML and Fy = 3282 i) r ? From ematons a) aye? Mt (6): Acorn to the question, central foe i ieee wendy Ex 4d): Let Fy, Fy and Fy be the gorda forces sting on patil 4 det. | parle st BCand Detective le ‘The net gravitational force acting on patil oe Teper Toc Fc Fy cos? + Fycos s+ Fy oMM, [along -dinecion] (9) . : The y-components of F, and F; cancels each other a a ren provid tt cer et == 20a at Mog Me DF cots? +, Oy a Letrbetheradiwofthecicle Sa?+Peatas r= | AR MyAt ff ( h . May GMM 1, GMM est | ees “ld av aig tn uation (9, ME witineqaton Oe PR ae? | Using an = Aes 2Reen My = 8x 10? gM, 2 10" ig (rig) = stn th 5. (d):Giensysem canbe considered spot object. ‘of mass 3M, Weg Shae So, ravittional ikl at distance 8 given by 10 @) u. force P= 7M “(te ir 7 issome constant CCentripetal force is provided by gravitational Ma [RP rmtnty sa 1 vw cna "Now the gravitational force om the particle, ia) a er Chin ms OM 2, 5 Tar0 12, (a): Asshown in figure, ‘each mas experiences three forces namely Fand F Here, F= force between two masses at separation, P= force between wo ase a 28 separation ‘Asal the particles move inthe circular path of radius R ‘dueto their mutual gravitatonal aration, Then net force on mass n= asx centripetal acceleration. FOF y wey kgrem™ (hom qu) ETP Conti) 22, Bn? Gn _ mi Re ant \ [Gm tty) 18, (@) Let A be the Gaussian surfce enclosing 2 spherical charge @ Bane =2 pe 2 Stayt 4 Huxg=B-1n7? AQ % Every line passing though A. has fo passthrough B. whether B isa cube oF any surface, es only for Gaussian surice, the lines of field shouldbe normal Assuming the mas is point mass, iM an?.GM = Nise ARGM. Here B is a cube. As explained earlier, whatever be the shape, all the lines passing through A are passing through although all he lines ate not normal. Statement is correct because when the shape of the cart is spherical area of the Gausian surface is 4m? ‘Thisensures inverse square lw 1M. (a): For motion of a planet in circular obit, CCentripetal force = Gravitational force ta we [i cs (2) Tis proportional to (Wb JE Nain Chaplwise-Tptcnca Sotto EE 15, (@) + Let the spheres coli aftr time t, when the smaller sphere covered distance x; and bigger sphere covered distance x. The gravitational force acting between two spheres depen on the distance which ia variable quantity. ‘The gravitational force, F(x) = GMLXSAL (aR ‘GxsM Aceeration of smaller body, (2)= iii (Q2R= x? ‘Acceleration of bigger body, a(x) = From equation of motion, (or-9F ne Meat = le and y= Sey(0 ae) a) = 5S x=5x, oF Weknow that + =9R 458 6 stheoe ox sk 5 ‘Therefore the-tw spheres cle When the smaller sphere concted the datanee of 758. 16. (d)s As per question, ‘Weight of boy at height h above cath surface = Weight of body a depth h below the earth surface FMS = Mie > ReR RE RHR RR NUP RE4 Rh) = = OF + RRO eR) Ra RE 2 2 ‘Negative value of his not possible. So, fitcn 17): tin dt pg = St Autidiche ess dato ow (} omen -a) e At depth d 82 Given that, g, = 82mtn ” Seg tee eee 3k e oR earth rotate about its axis then weight = af theaters aa emeeneear as panes tt ee pe ey oe ct gray at aight abet pe U-\eew on eens sacipuoge : -* cu cM a ee 8 een 2 unending nana Sy ‘Now aceleration dt gravity at equator, Peer Sune & REF Mega RE re 21) Mast objet erin ame “Wap feet actin da tra 9 Oa Ra ‘nto : 22, (et ton thn ashi dos ah 2 Besar ata “4 ‘ie ltoe ex beneanp ing or gaye o St G) med ce 0 Fle 9 = 907 tall other pots ene fal 2 7 see remand hen A= 8, 2D Varn of gle the carts vice ay or bah ieateper et me secdyrccmgaeaticet, 2 tte wend seeds xe an Ce rene Sm aap eer peratce a me (ad : sme a i eA ERR 5 vig" etl energy oe byt “rol energy the sure ote ge pane