Unfair Treatment
Nativism - Americans were
against immigrants moving
into the States, making their
lives harder
Tenements - Poor housings
for workers in the cities
Urbanization - Long work
hours & little pay for
immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act -
Limited how much Chinese
could immigrate to the States
Populism - Commons cannot
do what elites can do
Grandfather Clause - Tried
to prevent African Americans
from voting
Jim Crow Laws - Racially
segregated & discriminated
against African Americans
A New Beginning
Laissez-Faire - The 1st time
government told to stay out of
economy and companies
Corporation - Company with
owners of it as stockholders,
FIRST TIME OUTSIDERS
COULD OWN A PART OF
A COMPANY
Stock Holder - Partial
owners of company; normal
people couldn’t own a part of
a company by buying their
stocks before
Social Gospel – improve
society through charity and
justice
Pendleton Act – to become a
political candidate had to take
an exam
Social Darwinism / Herbert
Spencer - natural selection on
people = people need to start
evolving and self-improve to
survive
Graduated Income Tax -
Tax the rich, save the poor
W.E.B. DuBois - African
Americans need to focus on
college education to succeed
Corrupt Policies
Vertical Integration - Buys
out all the companies in the
buyer company’s supply
chain
Horizontal Integration -
Buying out all competitors
created monopolies
Political Machine -
Autocratic group; Maintained
political and administrative
control of an area
“Boss” Tweed - dishonest
NY senate plundered
$30-$200 Million from the
city; head of Tammany Hall
Tammany Hall - Democratic
political machine of NY
Honest Graft - Exercising
power for personal gain
(Plunkitt)
Monopoly - One
person/company gainst
control of an industry with no
competitors
High Tariffs - Raised prices
on imported goods necessary
for many people
Closed Shops – hired only
union workers
Poll Tax - everyone had to
pay this tax
 Risk-Takers
“Streetcar Suburb” – living
in a rural area and working in
the city
Pacific Railroad Act - Gov.
offered incentives to investors
of transcontinental railroad
Land Grants - Allowed
people to apply for land in the
West on which they can settle
and cultivate it
Entrepreneurs - People risk
starting their own business in
hopes of making more $
Booker T. Washington - Get
good at a trait to go straight
into workforce for a chance to
buy land earlier in life
Industrialization
Immigration
Gilded Age
Politics and Reform
Dramatic Change
Alexander Graham Bell -
his invention of the telephone
led to a change in
communication.
Thomas Edison - Invented
incandescent light bulb, the
phonograph, the motion
picture camera, improved the
telegraph & telephone
Transcontinental Railroad -
Faster and more efficient
transportation across the
continent
Americanization – adapt to
American culture and forget
your own
Stalwarts – name given to
political bosses
Marxism - called for workers
revolt to overturn capitalism
for communism
“Help is on the Way”
AFL – major labor union
during the time… did not
allow women or
African-Americans
Jane Adams / Settlement
Houses – helped low-income
families with health care and
education
Interstate Commerce Act –
goal was to regulate trade
Unions - supported a
diversity workers
Philanthropy - People help
others for the greater good
The Grange - assist farmers
in numerous ways
Farmers’ Alliance - Tried to
improve economic conditions
for farmers
Inflation - Inflated farmer’s
crop prices
William Jennings Bryan -
Helped farmers via Silver
standard, taxing the rich, and
allowing the direct election of
Senators