mS t y 2) 5) WIS 10 Sensitivity Calculations {%Sensitivity = Wire Size/Thickness x 100) A.16 mm steel plate has @ 3 mum welded backing strip, A'BS3971 wire type 4-10. 10i shows 3 wires. What ig the calculated sensitivity” A.10 mm thick aluminium pipe is 70 mm in diameter, {tis radiographed using the double wall double image technique and shows 5 wires. Ifa BS 3971 9-15 Wire type IQ1 is' used calculate the sensitivity? of the BWRA type. If2 ose 20 I" THE A 40 mm welded steel plate has been radioyraphed using step type pen ops are visible what isthe calculated sensitivity? oo x = thy, A.40 mm thick welded steel plate is to be radiographed and the sensitivity required using an BS 3971 penetrameter is 4% Calculaté the wire size required? ‘A 20 mm welded steel plate with a 5 mm backing bar requires a sensitivity of 3% indicate the mainimum wire'size that should visible? X ee 25 rr BYES 9. wm tev.Determine number of wi IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS Fe or step visible on radiograph and refer to thickness column [ime fire BS EN 3 [ere | Wis Fi 462-1 1994 TEP TYPE 108s | ~ Efonent Wi Tai | BWHA | Pines 7c] wip pe ee WE] | (mm) grees | [mm | BS9971 Step Wie i if 2 F107 9-157 15- Wit if Em aetn 2 Wie z 4 . 4 Wis iz u 2 0.10 | 6 0.20 [Wis iB a Te ‘9.25 [Wa iB iH 3 O16 | 8 932__| Wit 7 TT 2 20 | 9 | 9 (Coso[R z 7 ta 025 | 10 | 10 0.50 Wo 7 6.32 It 0.63, we z 0.40 12 0.80 | WF 7 7 = 13 = 1,06 W6 6 6 0.63 14 | _(Tias [5 3 9.80) | ho 160 | We 7 3.09. 16 2.00 | WF 3 1.25 C7 2.50_| W2 z 1.60 18 3.20_| Wi 7 2.00) i9 — 2.50 20 (aay | _BS3971 Wire taay | Din 34 109 (1962) __ 820 {|_| [ai +19] 9-15 | 5-21 | WireDin 62 | [7a" | Din 54110 (1953) | 4 1-7 [612 [1016 Wire Fedrex 5 8.10 16 t 2 3 ad 6 0.125 [15 aid [7 7, 0.16 14 0.15 6 g 9.20 3 0.20 3 7 9 9 0.25, 12 12 0.25 4 id | 10, [033 uf 030 | 3 7 ; I” 0.40 10. 10 0,35 204 2 0.56 9 0.40 T 6 os 9.63 & 0.50 x 14 0.89) ia 7 0.60 4 TL) 15/9) 1.60 6 a 0.70) 3 16 1.25 5 0.30 tT 2 6 17_||_ Leo 4 0.90 L ig] |_2.00 3 Loo | 5 7 19] {_2.50. z | (220 | z 20 3.20 L ‘ 1.40 3 1.30 e1 1.60 = 1.80 T 2.00 3 $ 3.00 a 3.50 21 4.00] | |& Trading, A(_\ntica Technologies Limited, 11 June 200%" YIncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI “National Transmission ansed Copy: BRITISH STANDARD —————————— Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing of welded joints ‘Phe Buropean Standard EN 1436:1997, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2002, has the status of a British Standard 10825.16040 BS EN 1435:1997 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 and Amendment No. 1BS EN 1435:1997 National foreword ‘This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1485:1997, including amendment A1:2002. It supersedes BS 2600:Part 1:1983, BS 2600:Part 2:1973, BS 2910:1986 and BS 7257:1989, which are withdrawn. ‘The start and nish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in ‘the text by tags [) Gl. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment, For example, text altered by CEN amendment Al is indicated by &) @. 'As agreed by CEN/TC 121/SC 5 resolution 134/200 and in accordance with ‘amendment A1:2002, the term “examination has been replaced by “testing” throughout the document. ‘The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEBI/46, Non-destructive testing, which has the responsibility to: — aid enquirers to understand the text; — _ present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; — monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. d Copy, (c) BSI ‘ncontroll ‘Alist of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references ‘The British Standards which implement international or European. publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue Under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BST Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. ‘Tais publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a d, 11 June 200/ 2 3 Gontvact, Users are responsible for theix cozzect application 3 Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity g from legal obligations, 8 g % 8 = aa Summary of pages < This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ttle page, \ 3 pages 2 to 82, an inside back cover and a back cover. s ‘The BSI copyright notice displayed throughout this document indicates when s the document waa last sued E 3 | 5 | rhinitis Standard having cee @ Phin Satish Sindard. tS 4 mondments issued since publication E anton of the Enginsrog @ Secer Bours wes pubis § shisrtheminryotte Ama No Date (Comments EE Sianiands Booed and comes ie into effect on 10616 /August 1999 (Correction to Table 2 HB te peember 1097 cecueen re BS a % onstisNovener 2002 18985, 15 November 2002|See national foreword 28 : Rs as - eg] | fo #1 sono sue ots | 2 : | 5 8 5 i.5 Limited, 11 June 2007” Incontrolled Copy, (c) BS! Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, A\_ntica Technoloy EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1435 NORME EUROPEENNE August 1997 EUROPAISCHE NORM +Al ‘May 2002 105 25.160.40| Descriptors: Welded joints, fusion welding, butt walds, conditions Englich version Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing of welded joints (includes amendment A1:2002) Contzéle non destructif des assemblages soudés— Zerstérungsfreie Priifung von Contzéle par radiographie des assemblages soudés Schweiliverbindungen — Gaclut 'amendement Al:2002) © 1997 CEN — All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national members Ref, No, BN 1435:1997 + A1:2002 B Durehstrahlungsprifung von ‘Schmelzechweifiverbindungen (enthalt Anderung A1:2002) "This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-08-02. Amendment AL yas approved by CEN on 2002-05-05. CEN members are hound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Buropean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references conceming such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This Buropean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, [uuxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN ‘European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europaisches Komitee flir Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels quality control, non-destructive testa, radiographic analysis, setting-upAl EN 1435:1997 a Foreword ‘This Huropean Standard has been prepared by ‘Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding, the @ Secretariat of which is held by DS. © qhis European Standard shall be given the status of & anational standard, either by publication of an S: identieal toxt or by endorsement, at the latest by & February 1998, and conflicting national standards 8 shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 1998. B According to the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Buropean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Itely, Luxembourg, ») Tetherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. ‘\ncontroll 00 Foreword to amendment Al ‘This document EN 1435:1997/A1:2002 has beon prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, ; Welding, the Secretariat of which is held by DS. ‘This amendment to the European Standard EN 1435:1997 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conflicting national standards ehall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002. ‘This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). 11 June 2 ntica Technologies Limited, Annex A and Annex B are normative. \ccording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement S this European Standerd: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. jing, AL Contents Page Fereword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 3.1 nominal thickness, ¢ 3 3.2 penetrated thickness, w 3 3.3 object-torilm distance, b 4 3.4 source size, d 4 8.5 gource-to-film distance (SFD) 4 3.6 source-to-object distance, f 4 3.7 diameter, D 4 4 Classification of radiographic techniques 4 5 General 4 5.1 Protection against ionizing radiation 4 5.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture 4 5.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph = 4 5.4 Identification of radiographs 5 5.5 Marking 5 6.8 Overlap of films 5 6.7. ‘Types and positions of image quality indicators (IQ) 6 6.8 Evaluation of image quality 6 5.9 Minimum image quality values 6 5.10 Personnel qualification 6 6 Recommended techniques for making radiographs 6.1 ‘Test arrangements 6 6.2 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source 13 6.3 Film systems and screens 15 6.4 Alignment of beam w 6.5 Reduction of scattered radiation aq 8.6 Source-to-object distance uv 6.7 Maximum area fora single exposure 18 6.8 Density of radiograph 19 6.9 Processing 20 6.10 Film viewing conditions 20 7 Test report 20 ‘Annex A (normative) Recommended number of exposures which give an acceptable testing of a circumferential butt weld 21 Annex B (normative) Minimum image quality values 26 ‘Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European. Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU directives 32, Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Tradi (© BST 15 November 2002Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, A _ anti py, (c) BSI Uncontrolled Co} } ica Technologies Limited, 11 June 2007 997 1 Scope ‘This European Standard specifies fundamental techniques of radiography with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject. ‘This standard applies to the radiographic testing of fusion welded joints in metallic materials, It applies to the joints of plates or pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, “pipe” as used in this standard should be understood to cover other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums and pressure vessels. This standard complies with EN 444 ‘This standard does nat specify acceptance levels of the indications. Iflower test criteria [Bare permitted by specification GI, the quality achieved may be significantly lower than when this standard is strictly applied. 2 Normative references "This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications, ‘These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 444, Non-destructive testing — General principles for the radiographic examination of metallic materials using X- and gamma-rays. BN 462-1, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 1: Concepts, image quality indicators (wire type), determination of image quality value. EN 462-2, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 2: Concepts, image quality indicators (step /hole type), determination of image quality value. EN 462-8, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 8: Image quality classes for ferrous metals. EN 462-4, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables. EN 473, Qualification and certification of non-destructive personnel — General principles. EN 684-1, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic film — Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography. EN 584-2, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic film — Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference value EN 25580, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic illuminators — Minimum requirements. (ISO 5580:1985) 3 Definitions For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply. 3 nominal. thickness, t the noiinal thickness of the parent material only. Manufacturing tolerances do not have to be taken into account 32 penetrated thickness, w the thickness of material in'the direction of the radiation beam calculated on the basis of the nominal thickness For multiple wall techniques the penetrated thickness is calculated from the nominel thickness. ‘© BSI 16 November 2002 33.8 object-to-film distance, b qeieietance between the radiation side of the test object and the film surface measured along the central axis of the radiation beam 34 source size, d the size of the radiation source -to-film distance (SFD) the distance between the radiation source and the film measured in the direction of the beam 36 source-to-object distance, f Thedistance between the radiation source and the source side ofthe test object measured along the central Ears of the radiation beam . ot & diameter, De the nominal extemal diameter of the pipe 2 3 4 Classification of radiographic techniques 7 The radiographic techniques are divided into two classes: B —caass A: basic techniques; € —class B: improved techniques. F Glass B techniques will be used when class A might be insufficiently sensitive. 3 Ge Better techniques compared toclass Bare possible and may be defined by specification. ofall appropriate © ‘est parameters. 2 The choice of radiographic technique shall be BB defined by specification. 5 1 for technical reasons, itis not possible to meot one ofthe conditions specified for class auc tyPe of eer ibn source or the source-to-object distance, f, it may be Bi) defined by specification @] that the Sana arsom selected may be that specified for class A. The loss of sensitivity shall be compensated by an een if minimum density to 3,0 or by the choice of a higher contrast film system. Because of the better © aititivity compared to class A, the test specimen may be regarded as tested within class B, This does not CG) “Ship if tite special SFD reductions as described in 6.6 for test arrangements 6.1.4 and 6.1.8 are used. Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, A(_1 5 General 5.1 Protection against ionizing radiation WARNING NOTICE, Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays or gamma-rays can be highly Tajurious to health, Wherever X-ray equipment or radioactive sources are in use, appropriate legal requirements must be applied. Local or national or international safety precautions when using ionizing radiation shall be strictly applied, 5.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture In goneral, surface preparation is not necessary, but where surface imperfections or coatings might cause diiBoulty ia detecting defects, the surface shall be ground smooth or the coatings shall be removed. ‘Unless otherwise specified, radiography shall be carried out after the final stage of manufacture, e.g, after grinding or heat treatment. 5.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph Where the radiograph does not show the weld, high-density markers shall be placed on either side of the weld. 4 (© BSI 15 Novernber 2002EN 1435:1997 a 5.4 Identification of radiographs Symbols shall be affixed to each section of the abject being radiographed. The images of these symbols shall cypear in the radiograph outside the region of interest where possible and shall ensure unambiguous identification of the section. 5.5 Marking Permanent markings on the object to be tested shall be made in order to accurately locate the position of each radiograph. Where the nature of the material andlor its service conditions do not permit permanent marking, the Jocation may be recorded by means of accurate sketches. 5.6 Overlap of films ‘When radiographing an area with two or more separate films, the films shall overlap sufficiently to ensure That the consplate region of interest is radiographed. This ahall be verified by a high-density marker on the surface of the object which will appear on each film, 5.7 Types and positions of image quality indicators (1Q1) ‘The quality of image shall be verified by use of II in accordance with EN 462-1 or EN 452-2, ‘The 1QI used shall be placed preferably on the source side of the test object at the centre of the area of Sutevoct on the parent metal beside the wold. The IQI shall be in close contact with the surface of the chject {ts location shall be made in a section of uniform thickness characterized by a uniform optical density on the film. ‘According to the IQ] type used, two cases shall be considered. a) When using a wire IQI, the wires shell be directed pespendicular to the weld and its location ehalt 2 ees that at least 10 mmm of the wire length will show in a section of uniform optical density, which is sarmally in the parent metal adjacent to the weld. At exposures in accordance with 6.1.6 and 6.1.7, the Toi can be placed with the wires across to the pipe axis, and they should not be projected into the image of the weld, ») When using a stop/hole IQJ, it shall be placed in such a way that the hole number required is placed close to the weld. ‘Av exposures in accordance with 6.1.6 and 6.1.7, the IQI type used can be placed either on the eouree or 0» Pee ie Ne, Ifthe 1Q[s cannot be placed in accordance with the above conditions, the IQs will be placed ae ohn cide and the image quality shall be determined at least ance from comparison exposure with oo ae eg ine source side and one atthe film side under the seine conditions. Vor double-wall exposures, when the IQI is placed on the film side, the above test is not necessary and in ‘this case reference should be made to the tables of correspondence given in Annex B. Whore the 1@ls are placed at the film side, the letter “F shall be placed near the IQ and it shall be noted in the test report If steps have been taken to guarantee that radiographs or similar test objects and regions are produced {nah Hlentical exposure and processing techniques, and no differences in the image quality value are likely, the image quality need not be verified for every radiograph, the oxtent of image quality verification being subject to [8 specification Gi. For exposures of pipes with diameter 200 mm and above with the source centrally located, at least three Tole should be placed equally spaced at the circumerence, The film(s) showing IQT images are then considered representative for the whole circumference. (© BSI 16 November 2002EN 1435:1997 5.8 Evaluation of image quality ‘The films shall be viewed in accordance with EN 25580. rom the testing of the image ofthe IQI on the radiograph, the number of the smallest wire or hole wie Beets dicvernod is determined. The image ofa wire s accepted if a continuous length of at least 10 rm is {2 Slearly visible in a cection of uniform optical density. In the case of the step/hole type 1QI, ifthere are two & boles of the seme diameter, both shall be discernible in order that the step be considered as visible. S. The image quality obtained shall be indicated on the test repor of the radiographic test In each case, the © type of indicator used shall be clearly stated, as shown on the 1QI. 3 & 5.9 Minimum image quality values 3 ‘Table B.1 to Table B.12 in Annex B show the minimum quality values for ferrous materials. For other, sae nis these requirements or corresponding requirements may be Ii) defined by specification GI. The yoquirements shall be determined in accordance with EN 462-4. 5.10 Personnel qualification ) “ersonnel performing non-destructive testing in accordance with this standard shall be qualified in eae aned with EN 473, or equivalent, to an appropriate level in the relevant industrial sector. june 200%" Yincontrol 6 Recommended techniques for making radiographs 3 6a Test arrangements 7 6.1.1 General 'B Normally, radiographic techniques in accordance with 6.1.2, 6.1.8,6 ‘E shall be used. 5 (ho olliptical technique (double walldouble image) in accordance with Figure 11 should not be used for @ oxternal diameter D, > 100 mm, wall thickness ¢ > 8 mm and weld width > DJ/4, Two 90° displaced images exter ticiont # tiD,-< 0,12. The distance between the two weld images shall be about one weld width. When itis difficult to carry out an elliptic test at D, < 100 mm, the perpendicular technique in accordance Whi 6.1.7 may be used (see Figure 12). In this case, three exposures 120° or 60° apart are required. For test arrangements in accordance with Figure 11, Figure 18 and Figure 14, the inclination of the beam hall be Kept as small as possible and be such as to prevent superimposition of the two images. The spate to-object distance, /, shall be kept as small as possible, in accordance with 6.6. The TQ shall be placed close to the filma with a lead letter “F”. ther radiographic techniques may be ED) specified, Gl e.g. for reasons like geometay of the I) test abject Gor difforences in material thickness. In 6.1.9 an example of such a case is prosentod. Multi-Slm < fechniques shall not be used to reduce exposure times on uniform sections. 6.1.5, 6.1.6, 6.1.7, 6.1.8 and 6.1.9 g 2 2 3 2 S oni NOTE. Tn Annex A the minimum number of radiographs necessexy is given in order to cbtsin an acceptable radiographis coverage Ofte total exeuméerence of butt weld in pipe (© BST 15 Novernber 2002 Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading,a a = a = 8 3 2 2 2 = 8 & ited, 11 June 2007 ‘ntica Technologies Li Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, A\ EN 1435:1997 6.1.2 Radiation source located in front of the object and with the film at the opposite side See Figure 1. s v F t radiation source FO film oe clase 8 fr fb. Figure 1 — Test arrangement for plane walls and single-wall penetration 6.1.3 Radiation source located outside the object and with the film inside Sec Figure 2, Figure 8 and Figure 4. Figure 2— Test arrangement for single-wall penetration of curved objects ‘© BSE 15 November 2002 Figure 3— Test arrangement for single-wall penetration of curved objects (set-in weld)A EN 1435:1997 led Copy, (c) BSI Figure 4 — Tost arrangement for single-wall penetration of curved objects (se¥on weld) 4 Radiation source centrally located inside the object and with the film outside See Figure 6, Figure 6 and Figure 7, ed, 11 June 200° yUncontr’ ) T iL —pb— = Figure 5 — Test arrangement for single-wall penetration of curved objects 5 antica Technologies Li eH Figure 6—Test arrangement for single-wall penetration of curved objects (set-in weld) a Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, 8 (© BSI 15 November 2002od, 11 June 200° “Yncontrolled Copy, (¢) BSI Jyntica Technologies Li Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, A EN 1435:1997 a Figure 7— Test arrangement for single-wall penetration of curved objects (Se¢-0n weld) 6.15 Radiation source located off-centre inside the object and with the film outside Seo Figure 8, Figure 9 and Figure 10 Figure 8 — Test arrangement for single-wall penetration of curved objects Figure 9 — Test arrangement for single-wall penetration of curved objects (set-in weld) ‘© BST 16 Noversber 2002 9EN 1485:1997 Figure 10 — Test arrangement for single-wall penetration of curved objects (Fet-0n weld) 1.1.6 Elliptic technique See Figure 11. 41 June 200’ Uncontrolled Copy (¢) BS! 3 2 — el 3 > 3 3 2 8 © |iigure 11— Test arrangement for double-wall penetration double image of curved objects for g oe atuatioa of both walls (source and film outside the test object) "| _E 6.1.1 Perpendicular technique ) Seo Figure 12 2 Seo iow 2 | 5 3 5 £ % € | \ s 3 i 5 2 & FE 3 Figure 12—Test arrangement for double-wall penetration double image of curved objects for et aMration of both walls (source and film outside the test object) ZL J = 8 8 B 5 8 10 (OBST 16 November 2002 5EN 1435:1997 —— nl 6.1.8 Radiation source Located outside the object and with the film on the other side Soe Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 16, Figure 16, Figure 17 and Figure 18, 15} T ied Copy, (c) BSI Uncontr on Figure 18 — Test arrangement for double-wall penetration single image of curved objects for evaluation of the wall next to the film, with the IQI placed close to the film @ yantica Technologies Limited, 11 June 201 lo Figure 15 — Test arrangement for double-wall penetration single image of longitudinal welds © BSI 15 November 2002 n Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, /EN 1485:1997 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Figure 16— Test arrangement for double-wall penetration single image of curved objects for evaluation of the wall next to the film Figure 17 — Test arrangement for penetration of fillet welds Ywantica Technologies Limited, 11 June 2€ Figure 18 — Test arrangement for penetration of fillet welds I 12 (© BSL15 November 2002 Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading,ed, 11 June 2¢_) Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BS! ‘antica Technologies aeNeG Copy: National Transmission & Trading, EN 1435:1997 6.1.9 Technique for different material thicknesses See Figure 19. adiation source F Figure 19 — Multi-film technique 6.2 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source 6.2.1 Xray devices up to 500 kV ‘fo maintain a good flaw sensitivity, the X-ray tube voltage should be as low as possible. The maximum values of tube voltage versus thickness are given in Figure 20. For some applications where there is a thickness change across the area of object being radiographed, a modification of technique with a slightly higher voltage may be used, but it should be noted that an excessively high tube voltage will lead toa loss of defect detection sensitivity. For steel, the increment shall, ‘be not more than 60 KY, for titanium not more than 40 kV, and for aluminium not more than 30 kV. ‘© BSL 15 November 2002 13EN 1435:1997 —— nl 500 Kv 300 200) ey) ‘Yncontrolled Copy, (c) BS! } 5 ose Fs) 10 1 7 3 6 5 67890 wm 40 5060 7OmmI00 1 Coppertnickel and alloys 2 Steel 3 Titanium and alloys 4 Aluminium and alleys Xray voltage 1 Penetrated thickness we \ntica Technologies Limited, 11 June 200: Figure 20— Maximum X-ray voltage for X-ray devices up to 500 KV as a function of penetrated ‘thickness and material } 6.2.2 Other radiation sources ‘The permitted penetrated thickness zanges for gamma ray sources and X-ray equipment above 1 MeV are given in Table 1. ion & Trading, At |, the value for Ir 192 may further be reduced to 10 mm and for Se 75 On thin stool specimens, gamma rays from Se 6, Tr 192 and Co 60 will not produce radiographs having as Good a defect detection sensitivity as X-rays used with appropriate technique parameters, However, Fee oe the advantages of gamma ray sources in handling and accessibility, Table 1 gives a range of thisknssses for which each of these gamma ray sources may be used when the use of X-rays is difficult, or certain applications, wider wall thickness ranges may be permitted, ifsufficient image quality can be achieved. In casos where radiographs are produced using gamma rays, the travel time to position the source shall not exceed 10 % of the total exposure time, 4 (© BST 15 Novernber 2002 Licensed Copy: National Transmi‘Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 8 s & 2 2 3 s 2 & 5 2 g& > 8 3 2 £ S 3 & 8 3 & 5 = 7 % < g a € 5 2 s iS i g 3 2 S = 5 8 3 3 5 EN 1435:1997 SSE ‘Table 1 —Penetrated thickness range for gamma ray sources and X-ray equipment with energy from 1MeV and above, for steel, copper and nickel-based alloys Radiation source Fonetrated thickness, w task ata] [Tm 170 fw <5 wes |¥b 1690 i 60 fo > 80 Kray equipment with energy above 12 MeV fo > 80 a > 100 Pi suniion ad iasin, te pinot ata ine 10 << TO das Asad << 3 mim for 2 fet nium andtanion the penetrated mate hcknee i 36 mm T00EV 'Up to 0,18 mm front and back screens oF 8 jto 150 kV llead ‘> [Xray potentials > 150kV C4 0,02 mm to 0,15 mm front and back 8 to 250 kV lecreens of lead & fries ws CS {C3 {None or up to 0,08 mm front and back § frm 70 screens of lead, 2 ws Cd — [Opa mam to 0,15 ram Bronk and back 3! \screens of lead. |.) rap potentials> 250EV fio < 60 SS JOT [0,02 mam fo 0,2 vam Front and back screens & |tosooKv jf lead 2 > 80 [CS Joi mm to 0.2 mm Bont sereens of lead | 5| 0,02 mm to 0,2 mm back screens of lead rz [Se (CS |C4 _|0,1 mm to 0,2 mm front and back screons 3s of lead jr 192 ce C4 [0,02 mm to 0,2 mm [0,1 mm to 0,2 mm font screens of 5 @ 8 @ |CoeD ro = 100 SS [C4 0,25 mm to 0,7 mm front and back screens 3 _ of steel or coppers) & w> 100 ee 8 [Kray equipment with —|w £100 [CSCS [0,25 mm to 0,7 min front and back screens AF lecengy from 1 MeV to of stool or copper® § Mev [ = eo | ca] Tray equipment wi Ju < 100 Ca Ca [Up to mim ont screen of copper, steal or] 2 jenergy from 4 MeV to 12 tantalum? Mev" ]TO0 300 cs | [Kray equipment with |w < 100 cr [Up to 1 mm front screen of tantalum®) lenergy above 12 MeV ToO 300 S| Op to 1 mm front screen of tantalum [Up to 0,5 mm back screen of tantalum [0 Better film eystom dasces may also be used, Is Ready-packed films witha front sereen up to 0,08 mm may be usedif en additional lead sereen of 0.1 min ia placed botwoon the | abject and the film ls clase A, 0,5 mm to 2,0 mm screens of lead may also be used. Jon claee A, lead screens O[5 mam t0 1 mum may be used E) if permitted by specification. Gl lo-Tungston screens may be used by agreement, Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, A 16 © BSL 15 November 2002Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BS! ica Technologies Limited, 11 June 20¢_ ry ing, A Pant Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Tradi EN 1435:1997 Table 3— Film system classes and metal screens for aluminium and titanium Radiation soures | Fim system class) Task Case “Type and thickness of iatenslljing soreens (Kray potentials <|O8 os 150 kV licray potentials > 160 KV to 250 kV (Kvay potentials > 250 kV to 600 kV [Yb 169 Se 75 None, or up to 0,03 mm front and up to 0,15 mam back screans of lead 0,02 mm to 0,15 mm front and back screens oflead (0,1 mm to 0,2 mm Bont and back sereens of lead Bont? and 0,1 mm to 0.2mm | 0,02 mam to 0,16 mim font and back screens joflead 0.2mm back screens of lead /Bettar film aystam classes may also be used instead of 0,2 mam lead, a 01 mm sorean with an additional filter of 0,1 mm may be used. 6.4 Alignment of beam ‘The beam of radiation shall be directed to the centre of the area being tested and should be perpendicular to the object cuxface at that point, except when it can be demonstrated that certain imperfections are best revealed by a different alignment of the beam, In this case, an appropriate alignment of the beam can be permitted. Other ways of radiographing may be [) specified @. 6.5 Reduction of scattered radiation 6.5.1 Filters and collimators In order to reduce the effect of back scattered radiation, direct radiation shall be collimated as much as possible to the section under test. With Ir 192 and Co 60 radiation sources or in the case of edge scatter, a sheet of lead can be used as a filter of low-energy scattered radiation between the object and the cassotte. The thickness of this sheet is 0,5 mm to2 mm, in accordance with the penetrated thickness. 6.5.2 Interception of back scattered radiation If necessary, the film shall be shielded from back scattered radiation by an adequate thickness of lead, at least 1 mm, or of tin, at least 1,5 mm, placed behind the film-screen combination, ‘The presence of back scattered radiation shalll be checked for each new test arrangement by a lead letter B (with a minimum height of 10 mm and a minimum thickness of 1,5 mm) placed immediately behind each cassette, If the image of this symbol recards as a lighter image on the radiograph, it shall be rejected. If the symbol is darker or invisible, the radiograph is acceptable and demonstrates good protection against scattered radiation, 6.6 Source-to-object distance ‘The minimum source-to-object distance, fais, depends on the source size d and on the object-to-film distance, b. ‘The distance, f, shall, where practicable, be chosen so that the ratio of this distance to the source size, d, ive. f/d, is not below the values given by the following equations. Fordass A: $21, (-8.)" CO) fof BI? > For lass B: 52 16(-2) @ b is given in millimetces (mm) 08ST 16 November 202 uUncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ) 3 & 2 3 g 2 & SI 8 3 3 3 2 $ 3 2 & oO 3 2 3 2g £ % © s 3 5 2 a £ 3 € 5 & 2 2 3 8 3 3 2 5 8 5 EN 1435:1997 eS f the distance b < 1,2¢, the dimension b in equations (1) and (2) and Figure 21 shall be replaced by the nominal thickness f For determination of the source-to-cbject distance, fyjn, the nomogram in Figure 21 may be used. ‘The nomogram is based on equations (1) and (2) In class A, if planar imperfections have to be detected, the minimum distance fnin shall be the same as for class B in order to reduce tho geometric unsharpness by a factor of 2. Inccritical technical applications of crack-sensitive materials, more sensitive radiographic techniques than class B shall be used. ‘When using the elliptic technique described in 6.1.6 or the perpendicular technique described in 6.1.7, b shall be replaced by the external diameter, Dy, of the pipe in equations (1) and (2) and in Figure 21. When the source is outside the object and the film is on the other side (the technique described in 6.1.8 as double-wall penetration/single image), the source-to-object distance is determined only by the wall thickness. “f the radiation source can be placed inside the cbject to be radiographed (the techniques shown in 6.1.4 and 6.1.8) to achieve a more suitable direction of test, and when a double-wall technique (see 6.1.6, 6.1.7 and 6.1.8) is avoided, this method should be proferred. The reduction in minimum source-to-object distance should not be greater than 20 %. ‘When the source is located centrally inside the object and the film is outside (the technique shown in 6.1.4), and provided that the IQ requirements are met, this percentage may be inereased. However, the reduction in minimum souree-to-object distance shall not be greater than 50 %. 6.7 Maximum area for a single exposure ‘The number of radiographs for a complete testing of flat welds (see Figure 1 and Figure 15) and of curved. welds with the radiation source arranged off-centre (see Figure 2, Figure § and Figure 4 and Figure 8 to Figure 16) should be specified in accordance with technical requirements ‘The ratio of the penetrated thickness at the outer edge of an evaluated area of uniform thickness to that at the centre beam shall not be more than 1,1 for class B and 1,2 for class A. ‘The densities resulting from any variation of penetrated thickness should not be lower than those indicated in 6.8 and not higher than those allowed by the available illuminator, provided that suitable masking is possible. ‘The size of the area to be tested includes the weld and the heat-affected zones. In general, about 10 mm of arent metal shall be tested on each side of the weld. recommendation for the number of radiographs is indicated in Annex A, which gives an acceptable test of a circumférential butt weld. @ © BSI 15 November 2002EN 1435:1997 3 # | a =f a > 2 | = 60 s é | a z a g w 3 fl 1 1) Class B 2) Class A. Figure 21— Nomogram for the determination of minimum source-to-object distance fain In ‘relation to the object-to-film distance and the source size 6.8 Density of radiograph g Exposure conditions should be such that the minimum optical density of the radiograph in the area tested = is greater than or equal to the value given in Table 4. | = ‘Table 4 — Optical density of the radiographs 5 ory Optical density | 2 a > 208 2 e B > 2,39 | May be reduced B9 if permitted by specification to 1,5. {7A measuring tolerance of 40,1 permitted | I May be reduced ED if permitted by specication to 2,0. Gl High optical densities can be used with advantage where the viewing light is sufficiently bright in | accordance with 6.10. In order to avoid unduly high fog densities azising from film ageing, development ox temperature, the fog danuity shall be checked periodically on a non-exposed sample taken from the filme being used, and sengiod and processed under the same conditions as the actual radiograph. The fog density shall not ceed Ona Fog density here is defined as the total density (emulsion and base) of a processed, unexposed film. © BSI15 November 2002 1sa 0 Ss EN 1435:1997 ST ‘When using a multi-film technique with interpretation of single films, the optical density of each film shall be in accordance with Table 4. If double film viewing is requested, the optical density of one single film shall not be lower than 1,3. 6.9 Processing Films are processed in accordance with the conditions recommended by the film and chemical manufacturer to obtain the selected film cystem class. Particular attention shall be paid to temperature, eee Gis and washing tne Tuo ltmprooresig hall be controlled cegulesy in acordance with By eod 2 The radiographs should be free from defects due to processing or other causes which would © interfere with interpretation. & 6.10 Film viewing conditions 'S tho radiographs should be tested in a darkened room on an area of the viewing scréen with an adjustable © [Luminance in accordance with EN 25680, Tho viewing screen should be masked tothe area of intrest. 8 2 F\7 Pest report prea npn ato spores exept shall ade reg ination he aap & TRhnique used, and on any other special cireumstances which would allow a better understanding of the © results. 5 the test report shall include at least the following information: a) name of the testing body; _ Dabject; 6) material; 4) heat treatment; & Trading, AC anlica Technologies Li fal Transmission PN ©) geometry of the weld; {) material thickness; ) welding process; 1) specification of test, including requirements for acceptances ‘) radiographic technique and class, required 1QI sensitivity in accordance with this standard; 2) test arrangement in accordance with 6.1; 1 system of marking used; 1 film position plan; rm) radiation source, type and size of focal spot, and identification of equipment used; 1) film, screens and filters; ©) used tube voltage and current or source activity: P) time of exposure znd source-to-film distance; 4) processing technique: manual/automatic; 1) type and position of image quality indicators; «) results of test, including data on film density, reading of IQ; +) any deviation from this standard, by special agrooment; 1) name, B) reference to certificate and signature of the responsible person(s); +) date(s) of exposure and test report (© BSL 15 November 2002Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, A_)antica Technologies Limited, 11 June 200 EN 1435:1997 ——————— Annex A (normative) Recommended number of exposures which give an acceptable test of a circumferential butt weld ‘The minimum number of exposures required is presented in Figure A.1, Figure A.2, Figure A.3 and Figure A.4, which are valid for pipes with an outside diameter exceeding 100 mm. When the deviation of the wall thickness of the joint to be tested when using a single exposure, At/t, does not exceed 20 %, Figure A.3 and Figure A.4 are used. This technique is recommended only when the poseibility of having transverse cracks is emall or when the weld is tested for such imperfections by other non-destructive test methods. “When At/t is less than or equal to 10 %, Figure A.1 and Figure A.2 are used. In this case it is likely that transverse cracks will also be detected. If the object is examined for single tranaverse cracks, then the required minimum number of radiographs ‘will increase compared with the values in Figure A.1, Figure A2, Figure A.3 and Figure A. (OBST 15 November 2002 21Technologies Limited, 11 June 200: nal Transmission & Trading, Ad_htica Licensed Copy: Né f 44] Dl sO so. on 02 "¢ a08 oy on a as . Ho 1 Pipe wall [Nominal thickness 1/ outside pipe diameter D Figure A.2 — Minimum number of exposures, NN, for off-centre penetration with source inside ‘and double-wall penetration, with a maximum permissible increase in penetrated thickness lati due to inclined penetration in the areas to be evaluated of 10 %, as a function of ratios 1/D, | ‘and DJSFD © BSI 15 Novernber 2002 e 23hhtica Technologies Limited, 11 June 2003; Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, Ad_! 38 28 Delf — 15 08 T ° 0,08 on 05 02 0,25 (D.— [Nominal thickness # outdo pipe diameter D Figure A.3 — Minimum number of exposures, NV, for single-wall penetration with source outside, with a maximum permissible increase in penetrated thickness Ai/t due to inclined penetration in the areas to be evaluated of 20 %, as a function of ratios #/D, and Dif ‘OBST 15 November 2002Sncontrolled Copy, (c) BS! 1d, 11 June 2003, ntica Technologies Lit Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, Ad_ EN 1435:1997 o 1a 16 cl &” 2 1 M & : ON 08) D, oat g oa aa ° 1 d a5 a7 as az a8 110, 1 Pipe walt Nominal thickness Fonsi pipe diameter D Figure A.4— Minimum number of exposures, N, for off-centre penetration with source inside ‘and double-wall penetration, with a maximum permissible increase in penetrated thickness Ail due to inclined penetration in the areas to be evaluated of 20 %, as a function of ratios uD, and DJ/SFD a © BSI 15 November 2002 25EN 1435:1997 Annex B (normative) Minimum image quality values Single-wall technique; 1I on source side ‘Table Bl — Wire IQI Tage quality clas Nonainal thickness? TQ valaed fap woe wis labove 1,2 to 2,0 w 17 above 2,0 to 8,5 Ww 16 above 8,5 to 6,0 Ww 15 above 6,0 to 7 Wis above 7 to 10 Ww 13 labove 10 to 15 W 12 labove 16 to 25 Waa above 25 to 32 W10 labove 22 to 40 we labove 40 to 58 wes labove 66 to 85 we fabove 85 to 150 we labove 150 to 250 ws. labove 250 wa tica Technologies Limited, 11 June 2003, )acontrolled Copy, (c) BSI (nt 26 s g S 5 g & « § 3 2 5 § £ 3 g s S 2 Ss = 8 8 3 3 2 5 8 s 30mm ta 24 mms up to two values, ‘24 mm to 80 mm; up to ane value [When using Ir 192 sources, [QI values wores than the listed valves can be aosopted ae follows OBST 16 November 2002“Incontrolled Copy, (c) BSI oS) 1 ica Technologies Limited, 11 June 200: = Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, EN 1435:1997 ———— Table B.2 — Step/hole 1QI Tenage quality dass A Wominal thteiness? Fal valued fap to 2,0 aS above 2,0 to 3,5 I 4 Jabove 8,5 to 6 lS above 6 to 10 HE labove 10 to 15 Hz labove 15 to 24 8 labove 24 to 30 Ho labove 80 to 40 10 Jabove 40 to 60 Hil labove 60 to 100 HZ labove 100 to 150 13 labove 150 to 200, 14 labove 200 to 250 15 above 250 to 820 16 labove 320 to 400 17 above 400 H 18 [When asing ir 192 souross, TQT values worse 19 mm to 24 mm: up to two values; above 2¢ mun to 30 mm: up to one value Single-wall technique; IQI on source side the Usted values can be ascopted as fallow Table B.8 — Wire 1QI Tmage quality aes Noalisal thickets? Tar value : upto LS Wis above 1,6 to 2,6 Iw 18 above 2,5 to 4 Iw 17 above 4 to 6 wie above 6 to 8 Iw 15 above 8 to 12 lw above 12 to 20 jw above 20 to 30 wiz above 80 to 35, Win above 35 to 45 Iw 10 above 45 to 65 wo above G5 to 120 we above 120 to 200 lw 7 above 200 to 850 Iw | above 350 [ws 12mm te 40 mmr up to one value BSI 15 November 2002, [When using Ir 198 sources, IQ] valor worse than the listed values can be accepiad as follows: 27EN 1485:1997 ‘Table B.4 — Step/hole IQI Tage quality dass B Nominal tures? Tarvalae B nm @ hpwas re T \above 2,5 to 4 HS B labove 4to8 les & |above 8 to 12 5 g [shove 12 to 20 le . & |above 20 t0 20 7 & |atove 20 to 40 Hs § |above 40 to 60 Ha P-labove 60'to 80 #10 “5 {above 80 to 100 Hat & [above 100 to 160 12 & Jabove 160 to 200 18 B [above 200 to 250 4 3 | afte singir ton savcon TO] values worse thon the listed values can be eoopted a follows: [Tita ow foone van | J Double-wall techniques double image; IQ on source side E ei 3 Tesage quality cass A F) Fonetrated thickness Tarvales 2 lpwiz Wis § |above 1,2102 wT F |above 2 to 3,5 W 16 § |above 3,505 W 15 “& above 5 to7 we 2 lavove 7 to 12 Was | Jabove 12 td 18 IW 12 labove 18 to 90 |Win %S |above 80 to 40 |W 10 E |above 40 to 50 Iwo 2% |above 60 to 60 we § |above 60 to 85 wr ‘@ |above 85 to 120 \W 6 E [above 120 to 220 Ws above 220 to 380 wa [above 380 we 28 © BSI 16 November 2002“peontrolled Copy, (c) BSI nal Transmission & Trading, Ad-ntica Technologies Limited, 11 June 2002 Licensed Copy: Né EN 1435:1997 ——_—————————————————————— Double-wall technique; double image; 1QI on source side @ ‘Table B.6—Step/hole QI Tage quality case Fonatated thickness Tatvalue hup tot irs above 1 to2 Ha above 2 to 8,5 HS above 8,5 to 5,6 He above 5,5 to 10 a7 above 10 to 19 es above 19 to 35 |H9 ‘upto 35mm: up to two values: ‘Bove 3mm to 10 mm: up to one value, Fy When using 102 souress, 1 values worse than the listed values can be accepted as fellows: Double-wall technique; double image; 1I on source side ‘Table B.7 — Wire 1QI Tanage quality class Ponstrated tilokness Tarvalae up L5 Wis labove 1,5 to 2,5 lw 18 above 2,5 to 4 lw 17 labove 4 to 6 lw 16 jabove 6 to 8 W 15 above 8 to 15 Iw 14 above 15 to 26 lw 13 above 26 to 38 lw 12 above 38 to 45 ee above 45 to 55 Ww 10 above 65 to 70 wo labove 70 to 100 We. above 100 to 170 Ww 7 above 170 to 250 hw 6 | jabove 250 Ws. ‘Table B.8 — Step/hole 1Q1 c Tage quali cass E Fo netrated TaoKReas Taivalwe™ 7 fap tT az above 1 to 2,5 HS above 2,5 to 4 Hs labove 4 to 6 HS labove 6 to 11 6 labove 11 to 20 7 above 20 to 85 HS ‘time to LL mim: up to one valu 17 When using ir 192 courses, TQ value worve than Ue listed values ean be accepted as follows (© BSL 15 November 2002EN 1435:1997 OO Double-wall technique; single or double image; IQI on film side Table B.9— Wire 1Qt Taage quality daseA g Fossa cers Taras Shpwiz Wis B |above 1,2 to 2 Wir 8 above 2 03,5 Iw 16 ‘G [above 8,5 to 5 Wis & |above 6 to 10 aed & |above 10 to 15 wis § |above 16 to 22 |wi2 § |above 22 to 38 wan PP |above 38 to 48 IW 10 { |above 48 to 60 lwo & |above 60 to 85 ws & |above 85 to 125 w7 5 |above 125 to 225 We |above 226 to 375 ws [above 375 wa 2 | 5 Table B.10 — Step/hole 1Q1 3 equally cass 3 Ponctratad tiieinass Tava | 3 nm 2 £ |pee HS $ |above 2 to 5 Ha labove 6 to 9 HS labove 9 to 14 He above 14 to 22 HT labove 22 to 36 Hs | labove 86 to 50 ls above 60 to 80 H10 [0 When using Ir 109 sources, IQ values worse than the listed values can be ac=pted as follows: | 5 mm to § mm: up to two values; | Above 9 ean to 27 mm: up to one value onal Transmission & Trading, ¢_vantica Te (© BSI 15 November 2002EN 1435:1997 ———— Double-wall thickness; single or double image; IQI on film side Table B.11— Wire IQL Tage quality case a Fovenared chao Tarvalae gs pois Wis a above 1,5 to 28 Iwas 8 above 2,5 to 4 lwa7 3 above 4 to 6 lw6 | above 6 to 12 Wi6 g above 12 to 18 wad 8 above 18 to 30 was 5 above 30 to 45 waz r) above 45 to 55 waa above 68 to 70 WW 10 above 70 to 100 wo above 100 to 180 ws above 180 to 800 w7 above 300 we ‘Table B.12— Step/hole IQI Troage quality dass dantica Technologies Limited, 11 June 20¢ Pontrated tackaessw Tat value? pio 35 re above 2,5 to 5,5 rey above 5,5 to 9,5 a above 9,5 to 15, las above 15 to 24 6 Jsbove 24 to 40 laz above 40 to 60 ls ~ jabove 60 to 80 HO ft Wihen using Ir 198 sources, IQ values woree than the listed values can be accepted as follows 58 mm to 98 mm up to 0 values hove 9.5 mm to24 mm: up to one value | Licensed Copy: National Transmission & Trading, 4_. (© BSI 16 November 2002 31EN 1435:1997 ———————————————————— B Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU directives ‘This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of Directive 97/23/EC of the European Pazliament and the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment. WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. ‘The following clauses of this standard as detailed in Table ZA.1 and Table ZA.2, are likely to support requirements of the Directives 97/23/EC, and 81/404/EEC. Compliance with these clause of this standard provides one with means of conforming to the specific essential requirements of the Directives concerned and associated EPTA regulations. ‘Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 97/23/EC ‘Clausealeub-clausos of fis Essential requirements of | ; ‘European Standard ‘Directive 9723/5C Qualifying remarks/notes [ar Annex], 8.12 [Nen-dostractive tests ‘Table ZA.2 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 87/404/EEC logies Limited, 11 June 20° Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BS! Cinssesoubalgaaes fe ovental asinements of ‘Buropean Standard Directive 9728/80 Qualifying remarka/notes |All [Annex I, 3.2 Welds on pressurized parts } 3 a 2 £ 5 3 £ 8 = A 2) 3 = 5 s iS 8 5 8 5 2 s & @ 2 8 2 % 2 8 8 3 3 2 2 = 8x OBST 15 November 2002 3blank N :Adoo pesueor Iga (0) ‘Adog pejjonuooun (bz eunr || ‘per se!Bojouyoe| wogueA’~)‘Bulpel) g UoIssiusUeL| [euBS EN 1435:1997 | led Copy, (c) BSI )) Uncontr antica Technologies Limited, 11 June 20, BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London Wa 4aL 3 = 2 £ % . s 3 e e 8 & @ 2 a 2 s 5 8 & 3 3 : 3 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. 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