ISTEC 2019 Book of Abstracts

ISTEC 2019
Book of
ABSTRACTS
Conference Theme
“Innovative Science, Technology, and Engineering
Researches Through Academe-Industry Confluence
for Sustainable Future”
May 27-30, 2019

Hennan Hotel, Panglao, Bohol, Philippines
Copyright 2019
by the Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Office of the Vice President for Research,
Extension and Development
ISBN
Editorial Consultants:
ANNA RUBY P. GAPASIN
ARMIN S. CORONADO
ANGELINA E. BORICAN
Editors: PRESTOLINE S. SUYAT

ANA MARIE J. BAUTISTA
Cover Design: CHRISTINE JOYCE S. BAUTISTA
Layout:
CHRISTINE JOYCE S. BAUTISTA
JESUSANA S. DEJITO
Table of Contents
About the Conference iv
Messages v-xi
Programme Overview xii-xiv
Parallel Sessions xv
The Keynote Speaker xxxii
The Plenary Speakers xxxiii-xxxvii
Oral Presentations
Engineering, Technology and Architecture and Design 38-66
Biological and Food Sciences 67-86
Computing Science and Information Technology 87-117
Mathematics and Statistics 118-122
Physical Science 123-127
Conference Committees 128-130
List of Participating Institutions 131-132
CHED Endorsement 133
PASUC Advisory 134

About the Conference
T
he International Science, Technology, and Engineering Conference
(ISTEC) is organized by the Polytechnic University of the Philippines
(PUP) in partnership with Department of Science and Technology-
National Capital Region (DOST-NCR), Commission on Higher Education
(CHED), and Bohol Island State University (BISU). Its main aim is to
disseminate scholarly explorations in the fields of science, technology,
and engineering.
For our 2019 international conference, ISTEC envisions the integration

of the significant roles of the academe and industries to ensure their
edge in the global economy. Hence, ISTEC 2019 is guided by the
theme, “Innovative Science, Technology, and Engineering Researches
Through Academe-Industry Confluence for Sustainable Future” and is
committed to focus on research outputs and insights that strengthen
linkages and form strong networks in the fields of science, engineering,
and technology.
iv
MALACAÑAN PALACE
MANILA
MESSAGE
My warmest greetings to the organizers and
participants of the International Science,
Technology and Engineering Conference (ISTEC)
2019.
I commend the Polytechnic University of the

Philippines and its partners in the academic
community for bringing together fellow
academicians, researchers, students and global
experts to share the latest knowledge in the
fields of science, technology and engineering.
May this occasion forge greater collaboration and discourse that will
lead to effective approaches and solutions relevant to your respective
industries. It is my hope that the participation of your peers from various
parts of the world will inspire every delegate to contribute in building a
more sustainable future.
I trust that ISTEC 2019 will realize its goal of becoming a research
capability-building platform among promising scholars in the country
and abroad. Let us continue to strive for the development of various
sciences and research so that, together, we can effect meaningful and
transformative change in our society.
I wish you a successful event.

RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE
MANILA
27 May 2019
THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
v
MESSAGE
My warmest greetings to the Polytechnic
University of the Philippines (PUP) as you
bring together members of the academe for
the International Science, Technology, and
Engineering Conference.
We, in the Office of the Vice President, recognize

the need for strategic convergence between
and among different stakeholders, including
the academe, in the attainment of sustainable
development. That is why we strive for a culture
of governance that consults in order to develop
well thought approaches that are efficient and responsive to the needs
of the people, especially the marginalized.
Your knowledge in science, technology, and engineering is crucial in

implementing projects that can change our nation. Your firsthand role in
molding the minds of our people through your educated and carefully
analyzed positions on different matters is critical to our progress.
Thus, we hope that this conference not add to your expertise but also
increase your allies and broaden your networks, so that we can all
work together and faster towards the eradication of poverty. We look
forward to working with you, our vibrant and committed intellectuals, in
nation-building.
May you have a productive and meaningful gathering.
Mabuhay kayong lahat!
LENI ROBREDO
Vice President
Republic of the Philippines
vi
Office of United Nations and International Organizations
MESSAGE
On behalf of the Department of Foreign Affairs, I
would like to extend my heartfelt congratulations
to the Polytechnic University of the Philippines,
and its partners, the Department of Science and
Technology, the Commission on Higher Education
and the Bohol Island State University for organizing
the International Science, Technology and
Engineering Conference (ISTEC) from 27 to 30 May
2019 in Panglao, Bohol.
We at the DFA fully support conferences such as
ISTEC 2019 which provides a venue for facilitating
interaction, creating networks and multistakeholder
partnerships, sharing lessons learned and best practices and providing
foresight about critical trends in science, technology and engineering.
Through this forum, we are also able to analyze how science and technology
strongly serve as enablers of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
The enormous potential of science and technology to drive SDG
implementation is undeniable and developing countries like the Philippines
need to be able to utilize the full potential of scientific breakthroughs
and technological developments, as we deal with challenges of global
sustainability such as climate change, disaster risk reduction, food security,
clean energy and environmental degradation.
The DFA remains committed in its resolve to advance national interests
and to work closely with partners, both in the Philippines, especially the
Department of Science and Technology, and abroad, through our Philippine
Foreign Service Posts and international organizations such as the United
Nations, in fostering international cooperation in science and technology
and increasing capacity building initiatives in support of our development
agenda. Together with the science community, we continue to help drive
progress on the Philippines’ attainment of the SDGs.
I look forward to joining all of you in the ISTEC 2019 and offer my best wishes
for its success.
NORALYN JUBAIRA-BAJA
Assistant Secretary
vii
MESSAGE
The convergence of the academe and industry
creates positive socio-economic outcomes
through the development of innovation in science,
technology, and engineering. Ideally, research and
development studies conducted by the universities
are driven by the needs of the industry and the
society as a whole.
Being the foundation and continuous nurturer of

basic and advanced knowledge and skills, the
academe contributes a major part in national
development. Students’ competitiveness in the fields
of science, technology, and engineering are the products of academic
institutions’ unending pursuit of knowledge. These students, who become
future researchers and technology generators, or later take part in the
working population, should maximize acquired learnings and aim to utilize
the results of academic researches in the real world.
On the other hand, the industry and the society’s role in socio-economic
development is fueled by the results of science, technology, and engineering.
Scientific and technological constraints in various aspects present potential
research and development endeavors for the academe to work on. This
kind of mutual relationship fills the gap towards the development of scientific
and technological solutions that are collectively the key towards inclusive
development.
This Book of Abstracts for the 2019 International Science, Technology, and
Engineering Conference (ISTEC) compiles relevant researches that further
elucidate the benefits of academe-industry partnership. To all scholars in the
fields of science, technology, and engineering, as well as industry-partners,
let us create more collaborations towards achieving a sustainable future.
My congratulations to the Polytechnic University of the Philippines!
JOSE B. PATALINJUG III

Regional Director
Department of Science and Technology-National Capital Region
viii
MESSAGE
It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome all the
guests, research presenters and participants to the
International Science, Technology, and Engineering
Conference (ISTEC) 2019.
As it brings together renowned speakers and

scientists across the globe to provide solutions to
societal concerns and challenges, ISTEC 2019 is
a great platform to explore and build research
collaborations. This is a good opportunity to
capacitate the participants to utilize available
resources in order to be of service to the communities
they cater.
With the theme, “Innovative Science, Technology, and Engineering

Researches through Academe-Industry Confluence for Sustainable Future,”
this year’s ISTEC hosted by Polytechnic University of the Philippines is cohosted
by Department of Science and Technology – National Capital Region
(DOST-NCR), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Bohol Island
State University (BISU). This partnership envisions researchers,
practitioners, and scholars from around the globe to disseminate innovative
research developments and endeavors in the fields of science, technology,
and engineering.
In behalf of the Philippine Association of State Universities and

Colleges (PASUC) who also advocates knowledge creation and transfer to
be able to contribute significantly to the society, I would like to express my
deepest appreciation to the commitment of the organizing committees,
invited speakers and all local and foreign participants in making the ISTEC
2019 a success.
TIRSO A. RONQUILLO, ASEAN Eng.

President
Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges
ix
MESSAGE
The synergy of science, technology, and engineering
is always a reason to celebrate especially if it results
to innovation and research developments, which
exactly is the same goal of ISTEC (International
Science, Technology, and Engineering
Conference). As a gathering of academicians,
scholars, experts, and researchers, ISTEC, being a
productive endeavour of the Polytechnic University
of the Philippines (PUP), Department of Science
and Technology (DOST), Commission of Higher
Education (CHED), and Bohol Island State University
(BISU), propagates knowledge for the benefit of the
Filipino society through creating and disseminating
researches and scholarly explorations.
With the theme “Innovative Science, Technology, and Engineering

Researches Through Academe-Industry Confluence for Sustainable Future”,
ISTEC 2019 recognizes the role of the academe and industry to reconnect
social gaps and move beyond borders of any community by researching
that leads to creating meaningful outputs for the people. It is therefore
rightful to thank the organizers and other participating institutions for their
effort to address what our people need and to teach them to innovate on
their own.
May programs such as ISTEC continue to thrive in this country as it has the
potential to become a relevant venue for research capability building. I am
proud to acknowledge that ISTEC is a brainchild of hard working PUPians
and their partner institute heads and I look forward to learning about its
affirmative outcomes advantageous not only for the participants, but, also
the general public.
Congratulations!
EMANUEL C. DE GUZMAN, PhD

President
x
MESSAGE
Warmest greetings to the strong men and women
and the pool of experts, participants and organizers
of the INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY and
ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ISTEC).
Commendations to the Polytechnic University of the

Philippines (PUP) in partnership with the Department
of Science and Technology-National Capital Region
(DOST-NCR), Commission on Higher Education
(CHED) and Bohol Island State University (BISU).
It is with great appreciation and an honor to have

been given this opportunity to be one with this
community of intellectuals which envisions the integration of the significant
roles of the academe and industries to ensure its competitive edge in the
global economy.
Guided by the theme ‘’INNOVATIVE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY and

ENGINEERING RESEARCHERS THROUGH ACADEME-INDUSTRY CONFLUENCE
for SUSTAINABLE FUTURE’’, it is aspired to be able to focus on research
outputs and insights that strengthen linkages and strong networks for
internationalization mandates.
Be assured of the COMMITMENT of the Bohol Island State University to the

continuous cultivation, development and honing of the researchers and
educators’ skills and competencies in promoting and cultivating research
culture through meaningful projects and programs such as the endeavors
of ISTEC 2019.
More power and CARPE DIEM.
REGUCIVILLA B.AVENIDO-POBAR,PhD
President
xi
Programme Overview
May 27, 2019

12:00 nn - 5:00 pm Registration
Billeting of the Participants
6:00 pm – 8:00 pm Opening Ceremonies & Conference Banquet
Welcome Message
Hon. LEONILA P. MONTERO
Mayor, Panglao (First District) Province of Bohol
Message of Support
Hon. EDGAR M. CHATTO
Governor, Province of Bohol
Dr. REGUCIVILLA A. POBAR
University President, Bohol Island State University
Opening Remarks
Dr. EMANUEL C. DE GUZMAN
University President
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Presentation of the Delegates/Participants
Dr. ANNA RUBY P. GAPASIN
VP for Research, Extension and Development
Conference Banquet and Socials
Welcome Dinner
May 28, 2019

8:00 am – 8:30 am Registration
8:30 am – 8:40 am Ecumenical Prayer and National Anthem
8:40 am – 9:00 am Welcome Remarks
Dr. EMANUEL C. DE GUZMAN
University President
Messages
Hon. NORALYN J. BAJA
Assistant Secretary
Department of Foreign Affairs
United Nations International Organizations
xii
Atty. LILY FREIDA M. MILLA, CESO IV
Director, International Affairs Staff
Commission on Higher Education
9:00 am – 9:05 am Introduction of Keynote Speaker
Dr. MANUEL M. MUHI
VP for Academic Affairs, PUP
9:05 am – 9:55 am Keynote Address
Hon. ROWENA CRISTINA L. GUEVARRA
Undersecretary for Research & Development,
Department of Science and Technology
9:55 am – 10:00 am Awarding of Certificate of Appreciation
to the Keynote Speaker
PUP and BISU Officials
10:00 am – 10:15 am Opening of Exhibit
PUP and BISU Officials with Guests
10:15 am – 10:30 am Health Break
10:30 am – 11:00 am Plenary Session 1
Dr. NOEL A. SAGUIL
Department of Biology, University of Utah
BORJA GARCIA DE SOTO, PhD, PE
New York University, Abu Dhabi
11:30 am – 12:00 nn Plenary Session 3
Dir. JOSE B. PATALINJUG III
National Capital Region
12:00 nn – 12:20 pm Open Forum
Dean JOCELYN RIVERA-LUTAP
Awarding of Certificate of Appreciation
to the Plenary Speakers
12:20 pm – 1:00 pm Lunch
1:00 pm – 2:40 pm Parallel Sessions A
2:40 pm – 3:00 pm Health Break
3:00 pm – 4:40 pm Parallel Sessions B
May 29, 2019

7:00 am – 8:15 am Registration
xiii
8:15 am – 8:30 am Recap of Day 2
Prof. FERDINAND OSWALD
University of Auckland, New Zealand
Dr. ANGEL ANNE YANAGIHARA
Department of Tropical Medicine
John A. Burns School of Medicine
University of Hawaii At Manoa
Dr. FRANCIS ALDRINE UY
Dean at School of Civil, Environmental and
Geological Engineering
Mapua Institute of Technology
10: 00 am – 10:20 am Open Forum
Dean JOCELYN RIVERA-LUTAP
Awarding of Certificate of Appreciation
to the Plenary Speakers
10:20 am – 10:30 am Health Break
10:30 am – 12:20 pm Parallel Sessions C
12:20 pm – 1:00 pm Lunch
1:00 pm – 2:40 pm Parallel Sessions D
2:40 pm – 3:00 pm Health Break
3:00 pm – 5:00 pm Closing Ceremonies
Conference Synthesis
Dean GISELA MAE ALBANO
Awarding
• Partner Institutions
• Best Paper
• Best Oral Presenter
Closing Remarks
Prof. ALBERTO C. GUILLO
Executive Vice President, PUP
May 30, 2019

8:00 am Cultural Tour (Optional)
11:00 am Check out from hotel
xiv
Parallel Sessions
DAY 1 - 28 MAY 2019 (1:00 PM – 2:40 PM)
PARALLEL SESSION A
Session 1 - Engineering, Technology, Architecture and Design (ETAD):
INNOVATION RESEARCH
ROOM: RUBY, GROUND FLOOR GOLDEN PAVILION
TIME TITLE
1:00 - 1:20 ETAD-01- 28-01
Physical Characteristics Evaluation of Solar Dryers in

Drying Agricultural Products
Angel T. Sabusap
1:20 - 1:40 ETAD-01-28-02
TITAN MK. II: Earthquake Simulation Table Development

of an Earthquake Simulation Table for Testing and
Recording of Damping Motions of High Rise Building
Models Undergone Buckingham Pi Theorem
Emmanuel P. Balanon
1:40 – 2:00 ETAD-01-28-03
The Innovative Design/Approach for the Deep Excava-

tion of Manila Bay Sand Integrated Resort (MBSIR)
Emilio V. Embile
2:00 – 2:20 ETAD-01-28-04
Practices in the Installation of Fiber Reinforced Polymers

for Retrofitting
Henry D. Florendo
2:20 – 2:40 ETAD-01-28-05
IRIWALE: An IoT-Based River Water Level Monitoring and

Flood Detection System
John Edgar S. Anthony
xv
PARALLEL SESSION A
Session 1 – Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT):
AUGMENTED REALITY AND TUTORING SYSTEM
ROOM: SAPPHIRE, GROUND FLOOR GOLDEN PAVILION
TIME TITLE
1:00 - 1:20 CSIT-03- 28-01
ASIAVR: Asian Studies Virtual Reality Game a Learning Tool

Kenn Migan Vincent C. Gumonan
1:20 - 1:40 CSIT-03- 28-02
ARFollow: A Mobile Augmented Reality Educational Game

Julius C. Abbara
1:40 – 2:00 CSIT-03- 28-03
A Mobile Augmented Reality for Artifacts Appreciation

Abricam S. Tinga
2:00 – 2:20 CSIT-03- 28-04
Mapping Siliman University: An Augmented Reality

Campus Tour
Janice Antoniette V. Forster
2:20 – 2:40 CSIT-03- 28-05
Gamified Statistics Tutoring System

Esnehara P. Bagundang
PARALLEL SESSION A
Session 1 – Physical Sciences (PHSC):
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
ROOM: AMBER, 2nd FLOOR, HENNAN GRAND BALLROOM
TIME TITLE
1:00 - 1:20 PHSC-04- 28-01
Parametric Study of a Potential Colorimetric Determina-

tion for Clonazepan in Spiked Drinks
Jet G. Guerrero
xvi
TIME TITLE
1:20 - 1:40 PHSC-04- 28-02
Sublethal Toxicity and Bioconcentration of Petroleum

Hydrocarbons in the Marine Red Alga Kappaphycus sp.
Shereen A. Merro
1:40 – 2:00 PHSC-04- 28-03
Extraction of Nickel from Philippines’ Nickel Laterite Ore

Using Iota-Carrageenan as a Biosorbent
Irasan Micah I. Soliman
2:00 – 2:20 PHSC-04- 28-04
Chitin-Mediated Synthesis of Bioplastic from Pinna bicol-

or Shells as Potential Green Packaging
Ester Joy D. Agudo
2:20 – 2:40 PHSC-04- 28-05
Digital Image-Based Colorimetric Sensor Using Polyani-

line Film As-Grown on Acetate for NH3
Reynan L. Toledo
PARALLEL SESSION A
Session 1 – Biological and Food Sciences (BIFS):
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
ROOM: OPAL, 2nd FLOOR, HENNAN GRAND BALLROOM
TIME TITLE
1:00 - 1:20 BIFS-02- 28-01
Antibacterial Activity of the Lyophilized Aqueous Leaf

Extract of the Philippine Green-Leafed Acalypha
amentacea Roxb. (Maslakot-Ambulong) Against
Selected Human Bacterial Pathogens
Romnick M. Ureta
xvii
1:20 - 1:40 BIFS-02- 28-02
Survival of Lactic Acid Bacteria (L. casei BD II.,

plantarum WCPSI) from Probiotic Mango Juice in
Human Gastro-Intestinal Stresses
Eufemio G. Barcelon
1:40 – 2:00 BIFS-02- 28-03
Optimization of Liquid culture conditions for Mycelial

Growth and Nutraceutical Attributes of Lentinus
squarrosulus Mont. (Singer)
Jennifer C. Paltiyan
2:00 – 2:20 BIFS-02- 28-04
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Cellulolytic

Bacillus spp. Isolated from Rice Paddy Fields in Nueva
Ecija and Camarines Sur Province, Philippines
Jessica Marie B. Bañares
2:20 – 2:40 BIFS-02- 28-05
Bioremediation Activity of Isolated Chromium-Resistant

Bacteria from Estuary Sediments in La Union, Philippines
Divine Claire F. Lorido
DAY 1 - MAY 28, 2019 (3:00PM – 5:40PM)
PARALLEL SESSION B
DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH
TIME TITLE
3:00 - 3:20 ETAD-01-28-06
Remote Controlled Robot Using Electronic Nose for

Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP)
Raymond Joseph R. Meimban
xviii
TIME TITLE
3:20 - 3:40 ETAD-01-28-07
Development and Assessment of Plystic: An Innovation

of Plywood
Diana Mae U. Ponce
3:40 – 4:00 ETAD-01-28-08
Design and Construction of a 20 000 mAh

Wind Power Bank
Ramon L. Pitao, Jr.
4:00 – 4:20 ETAD-01-28-09
Properties of Various Local Agricultural Crop Waste Ash-

es as Partial Cement Substitute
Rommel G. Arapo
4:20 – 4:40 ETAD-01-28-10
Design Analysis, Installation and Performance Evaluation

of a Hydraulic Ram Pump System with a Modified Waste
Valve
Danilo P. Metra, Jr.
4:40 – 5:00 ETAD-01-28-11
Development of Pedal-Operated Abaca Stripping Tool

Evelyn B. Tablante
5:00 – 5:20 ETAD-01-28-12
Biotek-M LAMP Heater: A Medical Device for the

Detection of Pathogens
Joy Ann Petronio Santos
xix
PARALLEL SESSION B
INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
TIME TITLE
3:00 - 3:20 CSIT-03- 28-06
Design and Development of On-Line Portal for Mt.

Hamiguitan Range
Lanie B. Laureano
3:20 - 3:40 CSIT-03- 28-07
A Segmentation Technique for Lettuce Crops using

Super Pixels and Histogram Thresholding
Pocholo James M. Loresco
3:40 – 4:00 CSIT-03- 28-08
An Enhanced Memory Based Collaborative Filtering

Algorithm Based on User Similarity for Recommender
System
Ramil G. Lumauag
4:00 – 4:20 CSIT-03- 28-09
OCR Based Automated Evaluation of Test

Questionnaires with Item Analysis
Ma. Graciela Vic C. Elape
4:20 – 4:40 CSIT-03- 28-10
Profit Performance Analysis of Entrepreneurial Projects of

Sultan Kudarat State University
Roma Amor M. Castromayor
4:40 – 5:00 CSIT-03-28-11
Alexa Pi: An AI Virtual Assistance with Face Recognition

and Motion Tracker
Daryll A. Cabagay
xx
TIME TITLE
5:00 – 5:20 CSIT-03-28-12
FIESTA: A New Computational Chemistry Software

Wilfredo C. Chung
5:20 – 5:40 CSIT-03-28-13
Analysis of Geographical Locators: An Issue of Privacy

and Consistency
Mary Joy Abueg Delos Trinos
PARALLEL SESSION B
Session 3 – Engineering, Technology, Architecture and Design (ETAD):
ENERGY RESEARCH
TIME TITLE
3:00 - 3:20 ETAD-02- 28-06
Solar Powered Automated Drying Rack Using Raspberry Pi

James Cloyd M. Bustillo
3:20 - 3:40 ETAD-02- 28-07
Fiber Reinforced thermoelectric Tile as an Alternative

Source of Energy
Rowel Sumang Facunla
3:40 – 4:00 ETAD-02- 28-08
Effect of Varying Fiberglass Reinforced PET-EVA on

Concrete for Retrofitting
Guillermo O. Bernabe
xxi
TIME TITLE
4:00 – 4:20 ETAD-02- 28-09
Wind Panel: Gearless Hybrid Energy Converter

Development in Micro-wind Generation by Non-Turbine
Magnetic Induction
Wilhelm P. Noble
4:20 – 4:40 ETAD-02- 28-10
Development of a Methane Gas Quantifier for the Analysis

of Methane Production of an Organic Material
(Zea mays var. indetata) in a Small Scale Reactor
Sherwin N. Nieva
4:40 – 5:00 ETAD-02-28-11
Utilization of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) and Solar

Energy to Power Street Light Equipped with Earthquake
Alarm System
Ray Farly E. Garcia
5:00 – 5:20 ETAD-02-28-12
Development of Healthier Processed Products Through

Freeze-drying
Johnabel T. Basatan
PARALLEL SESSION B
DECISION SUPPORT AND RECOMMENDER SYSTEM WITH DATA MINING
ALGORITHM
TIME TITLE
3:00 - 3:20 CSIT-04- 28-06
Portable Neutral Network Model with EFPV-Image

Processing Algorithm
Allan C. Taracatac
xxii
TIME TITLE
3:20 - 3:40 CSIT-04- 28-07
Barcode-Based Vehicle Parking Security System

Edward B. Panganiban
3:40 – 4:00 CSIT-04- 28-08
Decision Support System of Route Scheduling for

Logistics Company
Ricky R. Tepora
4:00 – 4:20 CSIT-04- 28-09
Automotive Industry Mobile Service Desk Management

System with Infographics Video Management
Components
Mary Grace Z. Danao
4:20 – 4:40 CSIT-04- 28-10
Android-based Rice Variety Classifier (ARVAC) using

Convolutional Neural Network
Erwil David A. Pasion
4:40 – 5:00 CSIT-04- 28-11
A Tourists’ Decision Support System (DSS) Framework

for Tourist Travelers Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
(AHP)
Ma. Esther B. Chio
5:00 – 5:20 CSIT-04- 28-12
Food Park Recommender System with Frequent Item

Set Based Recommendation using Clustering Analysis
and Apriopri Algorithm
Francis G. Balazon
5:20 – 5:40 CSIT-04- 28-13
Wearable Blood Pressure Monitoring Device with SMS

Notification
Michelle M. Caranguian
xxiii
DAY 2 - MAY 29, 2019 (10:20AM – 12:00PM)
PARALLEL SESSION C
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
TIME TITLE
10:20 – 10:40 ETAD-01- 29-01
MOTOSENSE- Intelligence Motorcycle Safety

Automation with Breathe Alcohol Content (BAC) and
Ignition Interlock Device
Ezekiel R. Borja
10:40 – 11:00 ETAD-01- 29-02

Door Security System using Fingerprint Sensor with
Short Message Service (SMS) Alert and Monitoring
System
Joel B. Tadle
11:00 – 11:20 ETAD-01- 29-03
Highly-Sensitive Microelectromechanical Systems

(MEMS)-Based Capacitive Accelerometer for
Dynamic Weighing of Fish Nuggets
Francis B. Malit
11:20 – 11:40 ETAD-01- 29-04
Low Cost Geophysical Resistivity Instrument

Bailey John E. Bandiola
11:40 – 12:00 ETAD-01- 29-05
Fabrication and Evaluation of Physical and

Mechanical Properties of Developed Coco-Sawdust
Bricks
Aaron D. Espinas
xxiv
PARALLEL SESSION C
MOBILE APPLICATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM
TIME TITLE
10:20 – 10:40 CSIT-03- 29-01
Laguna’s Manlalakbay: An Android Application for

Tourist in Laguna using Geo-Mapping and Decision
Support System Technology
Francis F. Balahadia
10:40 – 11:00 CSIT-03- 29-02
MARKET CART: Development of Mobile-Based Selling

and Management System for Small and Medium
Enterprises
Clemencia dela Cruz
11:00 – 11:20 CSIT-03- 29-03
Web-Based Student Grades Monitoring and

Evaluation System with Data Analytics and SMS
Notification
Lalaine Josefa L. Carrao
11:20 – 11:40 CSIT-03- 29-04
Agusan River Flood Monitoring Using Raspberry Pi with

SMS Advisory
Mario B. Caday
11:40 – 12:00 CSIT-03- 29-05
A Mobile Application Using Convutional Neural

Networks (CNN) for Detecting Rice Plant Diseases and
Pests
Marc Anthony B. Reyes
xxv
PARALLEL SESSION C
PHYCOLOGY AND MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
TIME TITLE
10:20 – 10:40 BIFS-02- 29-01
The Medical Potential of Marine Sponge Stylissa

massa Extracts Against Breast Cancer
Ramon D. Salanio, Jr.
10:40 – 11:00 BIFS-02- 29-02
Water Soluble Polysaccharide Extract from Codium

edulle P.C. Silva as an Alternative Treatment Against
Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Insights from an Animal
Model Study
Martin Raemond B. Mallabo
11:00 – 11:20 BIFS-02- 29-03
Antioxidant Activity of C-Phycocyanin from Spirullina

platensis (Gomont) Geitler Grown Under Different
Light Spectra and Irradiances
Florabelle R. Cabarrubias
11:20 – 11:40 BIFS-02- 29-04
Growth Media Optimization for the Induction of

Carotenoids in Scenedesmus obliquus
Collin Jeremiah R. Balayan
11:40 – 12:00 BIFS-02- 29-05
Diversity of Sub-aerial and Soil Microalgae at Different

Elevations of the Los Baños Side of Mt. Makiling
June Owen O. Nacorda
xxvi
PARALLEL SESSION C
Session 1 – Mathematics and Statistics (MSST):
MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICS
TIME TITLE
10:20 – 10:40 MSST-04- 29-01
Application of Spatio-Temporal Analysis and

Knowledge Discovery for Databases in Bureau of Fire
Protection Incident Report in the City of Manila: Tool
for Improving Services and Fire Management System
Albert Vinluan
10:40 – 11:00 MSST-04- 29-02

A Seating Plan Optimization in a Wedding Reception
Using Genetic Algorithm
Edgie Ace T. Pojadas
11:00 – 11:20 MSST-04- 29-03

Minimum Domination Number Detector Software
Application for Graph Theory
Deanne Cameren P. Evangelista
11:20 – 11:40 MSST-04- 29-04

Alternative Proof of Frullani Integral and Its
Consequences
Paul Vincent E. Botin
11:40 – 12:00 MSST-04- 29-05

On Hamiltonia-Connected Graphs
June F. Tuonan
xxvii
DAY 2 - MAY 29, 2019 (1:00PM – 2:40PM)
PARALLEL SESSION D
MATERIALS ENGINEERING RESEARCH
TIME TITLE
1:00 - 1:20 ETAD-01- 29-06
Influence of Mix Design and Fiber Length to the

Physical and Mechanical Properties
of Wild Sugarcane Fiber Board
Teodinis P. Garcia
1:20 - 1:40 ETAD-01- 29-07
Design Exploration and Innovation of Kariton (Makeshift

Pushcart): Formalizing the informal for Social Growth
Ciedrick Paul L. Estinozo
1:40 – 2:00 ETAD-01- 29-08
Physical and Mechanical Property of Characterization

of Banana Preudostem and Peducle Fibre Reinfored
Polypropelene Composite Board
Melito A. Baccay
2:00 – 2:20 ETAD-01- 29-09
Properties of Liquid Product of Coconut Shell Pyrolysis

Michael G. Manilhig
2:20 – 2:40 ETAD-01- 29-10
Implementation of Rapid Construction Method of

Selected Construction Companies in Metro Manila
Joseph Raniel A. Bianes
xxviii
PARALLEL SESSION D
FACULTY/STUDENT INFORMATION AND EVALUATION SYSTEM
TIME TITLE
1:00 - 1:20 CSIT-03- 29-06
ICTechMuPO: An Evaluation of Information E-Learning

Module System
for Faculty and Students
Flaviano L. Urera, Jr.
1:20 - 1:40 CSIT-03- 29-07
Incorporating Predictive Analytics on Student

Assessment System for Students of Senior High School
Sherilyn B. Usero
1:40 – 2:00 CSIT-03- 29-08
Strengthening BASC Students’ Academic Performance

using Education-Based Social Networking Site
Michelle M. Cortez
2:00 – 2:20 CSIT-03- 29-09
Intelligent Faculty Scheduling System

Rachel A. Nayre
2:20 – 2:40 CSIT-03- 29-10
Enhancing the Faculty Evaluation System of the

University of Southern Mindanao
Ryan Z. Gonzaga
xxix
PARALLEL SESSION D
PLANT-BASED NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
TIME TITLE
1:00 - 1:20 BIFS-02- 29-06
Antibacterial Activity and Biocontrol Potential of

Endophytic Fungi
Isolated from Plectranthus amboinicus Lour. Leaves
James Kennard S. Jacob
1:20 - 1:40 BIFS-02- 29-07
Molluscidal Potential of Sandoricum koetjape Burn

f. (Santol) and Swietenia macrophylla LeDoux d.
(Mahogany) Against Oncomelania quadrasi Mollendorf
O. (Freshwater Snail)
Andrea Amor G. Ureta
1:40 – 2:00 BIFS-02- 29-08
Biological Activity and Compounds Isolated from

Philippine Endemic Plant Premna nauseosa Blanco
Mark Anthony G. Fran
2:00 – 2:20 BIFS-02- 29-09
Genotoxicity Screening of Freshwater Bodies Within

the Vicinity of Selected Polytechnic University of the
Philippines Campuses Using Allium cepa L. Chromosome
Aberration Assay
Carmelita P. Mapanao
2:20 – 2:40 BIFS-02- 29-10
Physico-chemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Beverage with
Crab Chitosan
Maria Dulce L. Alibangbang
xxx
PARALLEL SESSION D
AQUATIC BIOTECHNOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND GENOMICS
TIME TITLE
1:00 - 1:20 BIFS-04- 29-06
FcγRIIB Gene Polymorphism, Periodontitis, Preterm

Birth and Low Birth Weight Infants in Filipino Women
Almira Dulce Garcia-Icaro
1:20 - 1:40 BIFS-04- 29-07
Development of Multilocus Sequence Typing (MSLT)

for Escherichia coli from Various Agricultural Sources
for Food Quality Monitoring
Pierangeli G. Vital
1:40 – 2:00 BIFS-04- 29-08
Preservation of Economically Important Grouper

(Epinephedus spp.) Spermatozoa at Low and ultra-
Low Temperatures
Josielou L. Chan
2:00 – 2:20 BIFS-04- 29-09
Levels of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper. Lead, Nickel

and Mercury in Fish and Sediments from Different
Salinity Gradients of Lower Agusan River to Butuan
Bay, Caraga, Philippines
Cresencio Cata-ag Cabuga, Jr.
2:20 – 2:40 BIFS-04- 29-10
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Induced Spawning

of Brackishwater Silver Therapon, Leiopotherapon
plumbeus (Kner, 1864)
Marz Linnaeous L. Rabadon
xxxi
The Keynote Speaker
D
R. ROWENA CRISTINA L. GUEVARA is
the Undersecretary for Research and
Development of the Department
of Science and Technology (DOST). Dr.
Guevara is seconded from the University
of the Philippines Diliman where she is
Professor XII at the Electrical and Electronics
Engineering Institute, specializing in
speech and audio signal processing, time-
frequency analysis and synthesis, and
artificial intelligence.
Dr. Guevara served as Executive Director

of DOST-PCIEERD from July 2012 to 2015.
She was the youngest and first female
Dean of the UP College of Engineering and
was Executive Director of the UP National
DR. ROWENA CRISTINA Engineering Center from 2004 to 2010. She
L. GUEVARA received her BSEE and MSEE degrees from
Undersecretary for Research the University of the Philippines Diliman
and Development, and her PhDEE degree from the University
Department of Science and
of Michigan. She has been the recipient
Technology (DOST)
of several awards in engineering and
education, including the 2010 Metrobank
Outstanding Teachers of the Philippines.
xxxii
The Plenary Speakers
B
orja García de Soto is an Assistant
Professor of Civil Engineering at
New York University Abu Dhabi, and
holds an appointment as Global Network
Assistant Professor in the Department of
Civil and Urban Engineering at the Tandon
School of Engineering at New York University
(NYU). He is the director of the S.M.A.R.T.
Construction Research Group at NYU
Abu Dhabi and conducts research in the
DR. BORJA GARCIA areas of construction automation, artificial
DE SOTO intelligence, lean construction, integrated
Assistant Professor delivery systems, and BIM.
of Civil Engineering,
New York University,
With over 10 years of professional
Abu Dhabi
experience in the construction industry
and Professional Engineer (PE) licenses
in California and Florida, Borja has
international experience in multiple
aspects of project management, including
project cost estimating, risk management
and control, delay analysis and forensic
engineering.
Borja received his PhD from ETH Zurich.

He also holds an MSc in Civil Engineering
with a concentration in engineering and
project management from the University
of California at Berkeley, an MSc in Civil
Engineering with a concentration in
structural design from Florida International
University (FIU), and a BSc in Civil Engineering
(graduated cum laude) also from FIU.
xxxiii
D
r. Ferdinand Oswald is coordinator
of the teaching subjects Design
Technology and Sustainability
Technology in the School of Architecture
at University of Auckland. He holds a
master degree in Architecture and
a PhD in Architecture Engineering
Science. Born in Stuttgart, Germany, he
studied architecture at Escuela Tecnica
Superior de Arquitectura in Granada
(Spain), Agency of Urban Planning in
DR. FERDINAND Bern (Switzerland) and graduated at
OSWALD Technical University Dresden (Germany).
Senior Lecturer
University of Auckland, In 2007 he realized the first German
New Zealand apartment block in “Passive House
Standard” as project head architect with
Stefan Forster Architects in Frankfurt am
Main (Germany). He taught at Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences
“construction and design”. Since 2008 he has been working at the
Institute of Architecture Technology, IAT, Graz University of Technology
in teaching and research positions. Here he became the leader of
the research laboratory section IAT-LAB. His research and teaching
has a specific focus on sustainable and energy efficient façade
and building technologies. He won several research prices like the
“European Recycling Award 2015”, “Innovation price Architecture
and Building” at BAU Munich and granted several European patents.
His doctoral thesis “Reduce A/C – Reducing the utilisation of air

conditioning in high-rise buildings in subtropical and tropical climate
regions” was supervised by Prof. Roger Riewe (Graz, Austria) and Prof.
Werner Sobek (Stuttgart, Germany). He is editor of several books and
his research work has been published in many international magazines,
journals and books. He organized several international conferences
and symposiums: “Sustainable Smart Cities” 2011, “High Density &
Living Comfort – Requirements of Dense Housing Areas – China Austria
2013 “. He is member of the CTBUH (Council for Tall Building and Urban
Habitat) and Asia-Pacific Network for Housing Research (APNHR). He
has organized numerous exhibitions, has taken part in scientific review
panels and has been jury member of several commissions and appeal
committees. He was Visiting Professor 2017 at Qingdao Technological
University, Department of Architecture, Qingdao, China and 2018
at German University of Cairo, Department of Architecture and
Urban Design Program, Cairo, Egypt.
xxxiv
D
r. Uy is a graduate of Bachelor of
Science in Civil Engineering at the
Mapua Institute of Technology.
He earned his MS Civil Engineering
degree in major in Structural Engineering
at the Technological University of the
Philippines. In 2011, he completed his PhD
in Civil Engineering major in Transportation
Engineering program at the University of
the Philippines Diliman.
DR. FRANCIS ALDRINE
UY He has been a faculty member of the
Dean at School of Civil, School of Civil, Environmental and
Environmental and Geological Engineering of the Mapua
Geological Engineering Institute of Technology since 2001. He
Mapua Institute of
Technology
was appointed as OIC of the school in
November of 2007 and was confirmed as
Dean of the School in 2008. He is currently
the Dean of the School and has led his colleagues in acquiring ABET,
PACUCOA, PTC and CHED COD-COE Accreditation. It can be highly
noted that the Civil Engineering program is the first Level IV PACUCOA
accredited CE program, 1st CE PTC Accredited program and the 1st
ABET Accredited Program of its kind in East Asia.
Dr. Uy has been an advocate and prime thinker on Transformational

Outcomes-Based Education (OBE). In 2014, he published a book entitled
“Outcomes-Based Education: Critical Issues and Answers with no other
than the father of OBE, Dr. William Spady. He has also published numerous
Transportation Engineering researches and a currently a member of the
EIA Review Committee of the DENR.
He is also a member of Division IV of the National Research Council of

the Philippines as Transportation Systems and Structures Specialist. His
current research projects are in the area of Geospatial Information and
Civil Systems. He is the project leader of the Phil Lidar 1 project of Mapua,
a 3-year 54 million research on flood hazard modeling of CABARZON
river basins. His recent accomplishment is the new Geospatially-Oriented
mobile app called CrowdPoint (www.crowdpoint.org). His TRIPKO and
DARE project that supports ITS is on its way to reality. He is also currently
the project leader of the SmartBridge and ARMS for Dams DOST projects.
xxxv
D
r. Angel Anne Yanagihara is currently
an Associate Research Professor
of the Department of Tropical
Medicine at the University of Hawaii in
Manao, Honolulu, Hawaii.
She is a graduate of Bachelor of Arts in

Biology and Chemistry with Honors at the
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
She holds a PhD in Cell Molecular Neuro
Science which she finished at the University
DR. ANGEL ANNE
of Hawaii. From 1983 to 1988 she was a
YANAGIHARA
Associate Research Doctoral Candidate of the Department of
Professor, Biochemistry at Georgetown University in
Department of Tropical Washington, DC.
Medicine,
John A. Burns School From 1999 to present, she is the Director of
of Medicine,
University of Hawaii, Manoa the Pacific Cnidaria Research Laboratory
at the University of Hawaii.
She was awarded as the Scientist of the Year in 2014 by the Achievement
Rewards for College Scientists-Hawaii Chapter. At the same year, she
was a Fellow of the Explorers Club and Research Fellow of the Royal
Geographical Society.
In 2016 and 2017, she became a Fullbright Specialist of the US State

Department. In 2017, she also became a Honorary Life Member of the
Philippine Organization of Science and Technology Educators or POSTE.
Dr. Yanagihara is currently an Adjunct Professor of Medicine Hang Tuah

University in Surabaya, Indonesia and also of San Carlos University and
Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
She is also a Visiting Science Research and Extension Consultant of the

Leyte Normal University in the Philippines.
xxxvi
D
r. Noel A. Saguil is a graduate of
BS Biology at Philippine Normal
University, Cum Laude, and took
up his Master in Science Education at the
same university. He completed his PhD at
Philippine Christian University on June 2018.
From 2010 to present, he is a Project

Manager- Post Doctoral Fellow of the
“Science Education Outreach Conus
Project Olivera Lab at the University of Utah
DR. NOEL A. SAGUIL
Post- Doctoral Research in Salt Lake City, USA.
Associate,
Department of Biology, From 2008-2009, he was a Project Manager
University of Utah and Research Associate of the “Census of
Philippine Marine Biodiversity - LUMIWAN
2008” National Museum of Natural History of Paris, France - University of
San Carlos Cebu, Philippines.
Before that, from 2007-2008, he was a Project Manager and Research

Associate of the “Census of Philippine Marine Biodiversity - AURORA
2007” National Museum of Natural History of Paris, France - National
Museum of the Philippines.
He is currently affiliated with University of Utah. His current work

responsibilities are to implement biodiversity outreach lessons
pertaining to importance of cone snail research from its biology to drug
development from venoms and conduct campus tours in different
regions in the Philippines and to different schools in the State of Utah.
He also presently act as liaison for the Principal Investigator to fisherfolks
in the countryside of the Philippines and conduct career-orientation
seminars for high school students particularly those who are scientifically-
inclined individuals.
xxxvii
Oral Presentations
Engineering, Technology and Architecture and Design
Physical Characteristics Evaluation of Solar Dryers

in Drying Agricultural Products
Angel T. Sabusap
College of Engineering and Technology, Southern Leyte State University
Sogod, Southern Leyte, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Solar drying is effective for drying agricultural and marine products. The
drying temperature, relative humidity, moisture content of agricultural and
marine products were determined to physical characteristics of solar dryers.
White fish “Sardines” and cocoyam chips were used in the drying operation
utilizing two units dome-type and two units of tent-type solar dryers covered
with two type Ultra Violet transparent plastic with thickness of 0.003” and
0.006”, respectively, and a single unit of no covering or open dryer. There
were three trials for both fish and cocoyam chips in the study. The drying
operation took 14 hours or one and a half days on both fish and cocoyam
products. The initial moisture content of fresh fish and cocoyam chips were
66.00% and 53.40%, respectively. The moisture content during the 1st and
2nd day were 21.50% and 19.54%, respectively. The temperature and relative
humidity of the dryers were also recorded. Dome-type using 0.003” thick
UV plastic obtained the highest temperature record with an average of 4 0C
higher than the open dryer. Thus, dome-type designed top covering of the
dryer with 0.003” UV plastic has significant advantage over the open dryer in
terms of gaining higher temperature and has lower relative humidity.
Keywords:
agricultural product, aquatic product, humidity, drying, physical
characteristics
E n g i n e e r i n g , T e c h n o l o g y a n d A r c h i t e c t u r e a n d D e s i g n | 39
TITAN MK. II: Earthquake Simulation Table

Development of an Earthquake Simulation Table
for Testing and Recording of Damping Motions
of High Rise Building Models Undergone Buckingham Pi
Theorem
Emmanuel P. Balanon
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers and Ultra Construction Innovators
ABSTRACT
The study focuses on the development of an Earthquake Simulation Table for
testing and recording of damping motion of high rise infrastructure models
in response to different earthquake magnitudes. The earthquake simulation
table gathers information on its test subjects by the use of accelerometer
sensors to calculate its structural excitation motion and base shears which
will be directly inputted to a computer. The test subjects used for the
experimentation process of the earthquake simulation table are all high rise
infrastructures which will be demonstrated with towers constructed with
different materials undergone Buckingham Pi theorem to replicate the most
accurate results of an actual structure’s excitation during an earthquake. The
use of the 2015 National Building Code of the Philippines is widely involved
in this study; it’s the basis of the building standards of the infrastructures
that this study is based upon, which are the infrastructures affected by the
West Valley fault. The study became the foundation of the seismic resistant
technology called “ResistanCE I – Seismic Base Isolation System” in which the
application of the study results to a 40.79% reduction of structural shaking of
high rise structures, technically minimizing the suffering of a structure from
a 7.2 magnitude into a 3.05 magnitude earthquake experience.
Keywords: earthquake simulation table, civil engineering, infrastructures, earthquake

technology and earthquake engineering
40 | ISTEC 2019 Book of Abstracts
The Innovative Design/Approach for the Deep Excavation

of Manila Bay Sands Integrated Resorts (MBSIR)
Emilio V. Embile
Cn2e Consultants Pte. Ltd. (Singapore)
ABSTRACT
Singapore’s newest integrated resorts, The Manila Bay Sands Integrated
Resorts (MBSIR) was completed in record time and had garnered numerous
engineering awards. The development sits on sand fill which in turn rests on
deep soft marine clay deposits, with an average excavation depth of around
20 meters.
The 15.50-hectare water front development involved some of the largest

marine clay excavations in Singapore; about 2.8 million cubic meters of fill
and marine clay were excavated from the site equating to about 800 trucks a
day for two years. To add to the challenge, a 35m deep cut and cover tunnel
next to Singapore’s longest bridge, “THE BENJAMIN SHEARES BRIDGE”, was
engineered to overcome the challenges of the bulk excavation and minimize
shoring in difficult soil environments. Innovative excavation solutions and
scheme were developed to enable an accelerated construction time table
involving densely-packed site works with complex staging and interface
issues.
This paper provides an overview of the Geotechnical Innovation and Schemes

adopted for the award winning projects, The Manila Bay Sands Integrated
Resorts (MBSIR). The ground condition consisted of thick sensitive soft
marine clay and being close to two MRT lines, a challenging aspect was the
wide and deep bulk excavation, the top down excavation and pre –strutting
beams type, soil improvements, were being carried out as adequate supports
to the retaining wall systems to ensure that the movements can satisfy the RPZ
requirements. This paper also describes the innovative design of deep bulk
excavation works & applied soil improvements method and the monitoring
results, during the deep bulk excavation works of MBSIR.
Keywords: Innovative Excavation Design, deep bulk excavation works, Earth

Retaining Structures Supports System (ERSSS), geotechnical innovation,
soil improvements, transfer trusses, sloping structures, and shear wall
deformation
Practices in the Installation of Fiber-reinforced

Polymers for Retrofitting
Henry D. Florendo1 and Guillermo O. Bernabe2
School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering, Mapua University
1
2
College of Engineering, Polytechnic University of the Philippines
ABSTRACT
The execution work is of tremendous importance if Fiber-Reinforced
Polymers (FRP) strengthening should be successful. The strengthening will
not work as intended, if workmanship and quality controls during different
stages in FRP installation are not followed.
The main objective of the study was to assess the practices in the installation
of fiber-reinforced polymers in retrofitting. Specifically, the study aimed to
answer the following questions: profile of the respondents in terms of age,
gender, designation and years of experience in retrofitting; the practices in
the installation of fiber-reinforced polymers in terms of storage and handling,
substrate repair, surface preparation, FRP repair systems, inspection, repair
of defective work, and process control; to determine if there was significant
difference in the assessment of the practices when grouped according
to profile; and, to recommend best practices to improve the practice of
installation of FRP?
This study made use of the descriptive research method. In facilitating the
interpretation of data, the frequency distribution and percentage; ranking;
weighted mean; t-test for significant relationship; one-way analysis of
variance were the statistical measures used.
Recommendations to equip the FRP industry the means to specify and

control the constituent materials and construction process were discussed in
the paper. The FRP strengthening process was based on American Concrete
Institute (ACI) guidelines.
Keywords: fiber reinforced polymers, innovative management, innovative material,

Master of Science in Construction Management, and Polytechnic
University of the Philippines
iRIWALE: An IoT-Based River Water Level Monitoring

and Flood Detection System
John Benedict Belerma and John Edgar S. Anthony
Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology (MinSCAT) Main Campus
ABSTRACT
Floods are the most common type of natural disasters, often leading to loss
of lives and properties. Since most flood casualties are caused by a lack
of information on the impending flood, sensing these events is critical to
generate accurate and detailed warnings and short-term forecasts. Due to
this problem, the researchers decided to develop an application entitled
“iRIWALE: An IoT-Based River Water Level Monitoring and Flood Detection
System”.
The system was developed essentially for preventing damages when flood
arises. It is capable of monitoring the status of a river and measuring its water
level. This flood warning device is a way of detecting threatening events in
advance. It also enables the public to be warned so that actions can be taken
to reduce the adverse effects of the event.
This flood warning device can be deployed in any river site usually in areas
most likely to be affected by floods. If warnings can be disseminated to the
public, it is also possible to give communities advice on what to do in the
event of a flood, as well as to provide further information to limit losses. This
may include areas to be evacuated, evacuation routes, and the location of
refuges for evacuees. It is likely that advice and guidance can be issued
through the same channels used to notify communities of the flood risk as
well as being made available prior to flood events.
The researchers used a prototyping model wherein they built, tested and
reworked the prototype when errors persisted until the system’s objectives
were finally achieved.
The system was tested and evaluated by 100 respective respondents

based from ISO 9126 and ISO 25010 and rated as Excellent from the users/
respondents among the different criteria set.
Keywords: iRIWALE, IoT-Based, river water, Level Monitoring and Flood Detection
system
Remote-controlled Robot Using Electronic Nose

for Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP)
Raymond Joseph R. Meimban, Vince F. Agpalasin,
Cyrus P. Aguila, Ishamael V. Bathan,
Camille Desiree P. Delmo, Paul Justine Magsalin,
Bhea Mari V. Tagab, and Haezel L. Vinarao
ECE Department, College of Engineering, National University, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Maintaining public safety is one of the leading national problems of the world.
The use of technology to prevent casualty or harm to people is necessary to
adopt by today’s generation. This study uses the principle of Electronic Nose
to prevent any scenarios that could put public safety at risk specifically in the
form of bombing. Electronic Nose is a concept of neural networks in the form
of gas sensor to analyze and determine the specific compound or chemical.
This idea will be used in order to detect the chemical agents of a TATP-IED
as the main charge. The study practices the ENose to replicate the ability
of a dog to use its sense of smell to detect bombs since dogs are the most
reliable detecting tools for bomb operations. Performance of the system is
also monitored under different circumstances. Also, the study is a designing
system that will be remotely controlled for at least within a 100-meter range.
Keywords: ENOSE, TATP, bomb detector

Development and Assessment of Plystic:

An Innovation of Plywood
Tristan Kyle Aguilar, Jean-Luc Danpierre S. Bertillo,
Jessy Mae R. Bogtong, Meilen Giselle F. Cañares,
Trisha Christelle M. Daria, Ma.Corrine Estorga,
and Crispaulo C. Magbuo
Senior High School Department, University of Santo Tomas, Legazpi
ABSTRACT
Plywood is the main component in building a house in the Philippines. But
experiencing prolonged rains, some houses are affected because of the rapid
decaying of the plywood. The researchers chose an alternative approach to
solve the problem and some of the solid waste problems posed by plastics.
This study aimed to develop a plywood with a combination of natural wood
and PET 1 plastic bottles and determined the most appropriate method to
assess the plystic; validate the quality of plystic in terms of its density and
moisture content, resistance to dry heat and tensile strength; and determine
if there is a significant difference between plystic and ordinary plywood. The
procedure used to test the three parameters stated was the Indian Standard
Method. The researchers suggested that there is a significant difference
between the experimental and controlled group, therefore plystic is an
excellent innovation of plywood. Through this, the community may benefit in
having sturdier houses and furniture in the future. This will also benefit the
environment by mitigating the problems of solid waste management.
Keywords: plywood, PET 1 plastic bottle, density and moisture content, resistance to
dry heat, tensile strength, plystic, Pioneer Marine Epoxy
Design and Construction of a 20000 mAh

Wind Power Bank
Ramon L. Pitao, Jr., Sunny E. Araneta,
Clifford Jan C. Dionson, Jaypee G. Gagarino,
and Ronald M. Famor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering,
Biliran Province State University
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to design and construct a portable wind power bank,
using the quantitative research method to explain the concept and define
the problems needing improvement. One type of wind-powered battery
charging was explored in this paper. Wind-powered battery is an instrument
which combines mechanical and electronic devices to charge small devices
like mobile phones. With the rapid development of global economy, people
continued to carry more portable electronic products, which are drained or
discharged as a result of longtime use. This can be used in times of power
interruptions, outdoor activities where charging a necessity. It is designed to
install fixedly in home rooftops but can also be detachable and carried
whenever necessary. It is an energy saving and eco-friendly device and
i s p o w e r e d by wind velocity. The device i s consist of wind turbine
driving a generator and operates at variable speed. It consists of three
modules which are power supply, power storage, and phone charging
module, all performing different functions. The power supply module is
consist of physics principles and design. The power storage module includes
the components’ parameters responsible for the restoration of energy to the
battery after it has been used to charge mobile phones. This paper analyzed
the property of the system components. The effect of parameter variation
and the system configuration on the system performance were
also investigated. Recommendations to improve the system performance
are suggested. The researchers highly recommend to design a weightless
and highly efficient mechanical rotor design.
Keywords: portable wind power bank, battery charging, turbine, and generator
Properties of Various Local Agricultural Crop Waste

Ashes as Partial Cement Substitute
Rommel G. Arapo1 and Guillermo O. Bernabe2
Technological University of the Philippines
1
2
ABSTRACT
The extensive and growing environmental problems and the need for
sustainable development in building construction heightened the interest
in studying the wastes of various local agricultural crops and their potential
as substitute cementitious material. The primary focus of the study is the
evaluation of the properties of the various local agricultural crop waste
ashes as partial cement substitute.
The agricultural crop waste used in the study were: rice husks, corn cobs,
cassava peels and groundnut shells. The first phase of the study was the
calcination of the crop wastes. Each of the agricultural crop waste ashes
underwent chemical analysis to determine the contents of major chemical
compounds. The second phase focused on the physical properties of the raw
materials and the fresh properties of the hydraulic cement mortar mix. The
last phase dealt on the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties
of the hardened mortar mixture with various local agricultural crop waste
ashes as cement substitute.
The proposed design mix used in the study was 1:3 cement aggregate ratio
with 5%, 10% and 15% of each agricultural crop waste ashes as cement.
Standard cubes, cylinders and beams were the test specimens used in the
study. Test for the mechanical properties were conducted upon curing period
of 3, 7 and 28 days. The suitable mix design among the proposed design mix
is the mortar which has 10% of rice husk ash. It was established in this study
that the rice husk ash at 10% can be utilized as cement replacement.
Keywords: agricultural crop waste, cement substitute, chemical analysis, mechanical

properties, and fresh properties
Design Analysis, Installation and Performance

Evaluation of a Hydraulic Ram Pump System
with a Modified Waste Valve
Danilo P. Metra Jr.1 and Marvin C. Credo2
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Leyte State University, Philippines
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Leyte State University, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Hydraulic ram pump (also called hydram) is one of the oldest mechanical
devices used for water lifting. It is a device that works automatically without
relying on electricity or diesel fuel, instead it utilizes the principle of water
hammer effect to pump a fraction of water from the source to a desired
elevation. A hydraulic ram pump has two moving parts which are the waste
valve and delivery valve. As a lot of studies had been carried out investigating
parameters possibly affecting the performance of a hydraulic ram pump, this
study aimed to design and fabricate a modified waste valve for a hydraulic
ram pump with parts made from locally available off-the-shelf materials. The
constructional design of the waste valve was evaluated regarding its effect on
the whole hydraulic ram pump’s system efficiency given the uncontrollable
parameters present in the target area of installation. Results revealed that
varying the height of the waste valve’s stroke significantly affected the ram
pump’s delivery flow rate thus affecting its overall efficiency. Furthermore,
results showed that for the modified design of the waste valve, having a
4-inch height for the stroke gave the optimum ram pump’s system efficiency
at 84.3%.
Keywords: volume flow rate, irrigation system, water hammer, pumping system, and
water surges
Pedal-Operated Abaca Stripping Tool

Evelyn Bacarra-Tablante1 and Angel T. Sabusap2
Department of Science and Technology VIII, Candahug Palo, Leyte
1
2
Southern Leyte State University (SLSU), Sogod, Southern Leyte
ABSTRACT
A pedal-operated abaca stripping tool is developed in support to the abaca
industry’s pressing need to improve fiber quality, extraction of fiber right in
farmers’ farms and to involve women in abaca fiber production.
The tool weighs 33 kilograms, 67% lighter than stripping machine and
detachable in three parts. The blade is mild steel, 40.64 cm in length, 0.6 cm
thick, and has 22 serrations. It can strip 3 tuxies in a stripping block pressure
of 40.15 kg force at a high speed of 690 rpm. The hard wood spindle is 150
inclined. The fiber produced is classified as good cleaning with grades of
I, G, and H, strand thickness is 0.55 to 0.70, medium soft texture and market
price is P95.00 to P115.00. The fiber rate of recovery is 22%.
Keywords: gender sensitive stripping tool, good cleaning fiber, fiber quality, and
medium soft texture
Biotek-M™ LAMP Heater: A Medical Device

for the Detection of Pathogens
Raul Destura1, Joy Ann Petronio Santos2,
Carmencita D. Padilla1, Ricky B. Vinarao3,
Kristine Marie G. Flores4, Jesus Emmanuel Sevilleja1,
Sharie Keanne Ganchua5, and Romel Gomez6
1
University of the Philippines Manila
2
Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman
3
International Rice Research Institute
4
Manila Healthtek Inc.
5
University of Pittsburg
6
University of Maryland
ABSTRACT
The lack of accurate, rapid, specific, and sensitive diagnostic kits for infectious
diseases and the cost limiting nature of molecular tools for diagnosing these
diseases, have led to the invention of Biotek-M™ Diagnostics to detect specific
pathogens. The Biotek-M™ employs the isothermal technology to provide
nucleic acid-based detection of dengue, TB, leptospirosis, salmonella,
schistosomiasis, chikungunya, and zika. The most significant advantage
of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is its ability to amplify
specific DNA sequences under an invariable temperature between 43 0C and
65 0C and enable visual judgment within an hour besides its sensitivity and
specificity. To be able to use the Biotek-M™ Diagnostic kits, the Biotek-M™
LAMP Heater was fabricated. The Biotek-M™ LAMP Heater is a heating
apparatus that has a dual temperature set up with used for loop-mediated
isothermal amplification (LAMP) reactions (first setting at 63-65 0C) and stop
reactions (second setting at 80 0C). The dimensions of the prototype are: 10
cm in diameter and 12 cm high, weighing only 700 g. The gold pins between
the LEDs are auxiliary heater indicator connectors. The Biotek-M™ LAMP
Heater has been registered as a utility model by the Intellectual Property of
the Philippines. In conclusion, the Biotek-M™ LAMP Heater is a cheap and
portable heating device that can be used for isothermal amplifications. It is
like having a lab-in-a-mug where all diagnostic kits are integrated in a small
isothermal unit which functions as a multi-infectious disease diagnostic
device similar to a portable laboratory.
Keywords: isothermal, LAMP Heater, and heating apparatus

Solar Powered Automated Drying Rack

Using Raspberry Pi
James Cloyd M. Bustillo, Marie Loise G. Legaspi,
Jockey M. Fernandez, Mc Jhonsons S. Manolo,
and Reymark N. Vadehueza
ACLC College of Butuan, Butuan City 8600, Philippines
Computer Education Department 999 HDS. Bldg., J.C. Aquino Ave., Butuan City
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed to develop a drying rack prototype using raspberry Pi
that would automatically hide and unhide due to rain instances. It employed
developmental research method. There were forty (40) respondents utilized
to evaluate the developed system. The respondent were given questionnaires
to provide information intended for evaluating the developed system.
The questionnaire was patterned after the International Organization
for Standardization and International Electro technical Commission also
known as ISO/IEC 9126-1 software quality standard. Mean was used for
computation in determining the system’s functionality, reliability, efficiency
and usability. The developed system provides a modernized and efficient
system for the purpose of finding a solution to the inconvenience that the
raining probability gives whenever clothes are hanged onto the drying rack
in an open area. It was developed using the waterfall model that employed
iterative as a strategic approach to the system development. The following
were performed namely, planning, requirements gathering, analysis, design,
development, testing and debugging and deployment. The system was
found functional, reliable, efficient, and usable that individually received
a weighted mean ranging from 4.64 to 4.70, the verbal interpretation is
moderately agree. The software quality of the developed system solar
powered automated drying rack using Raspberry Pi was highly acceptable
to the users based on the total mean obtained of 4.88. It is therefore that the
positive outcome of the study led to the recommendation for deployment of
the developed system.
Keywords: Internet of Thing (IoT), drying rack, Raspberry Pi, and Butuan City,
Philippines
Fiber-reinforced Thermoelectric Tile as an Alternative

Source of Energy
Rowel S. Facunla and John Q. Laboguin
Electrical Engineering, Technological Institute of the Philippines, Quezon City,
Manila, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Urban heat island effect is a phenomenon in modern cities where
temperature rises 1-3oC than the ordinary environment temperature due to
the presence of high thermal mass materials present within the environment.
This materials tend to store a huge amount of thermal energy resulting to
more humid environment temperature. The study proposed a method of
reducing urban heating by converting thermal heat energy to electrical
energy using fiber-reinforced tiles. The design makes use of the concept of
flywheel effect which follows that materials possessing high thermal mass
have the ability to store thermal energy when the ambient temperature is
higher than the material, and releases it back when the ambient is cooler.
The team aimed that the stored heat, instead of being released back to
the ambient, is converted to usable energy. It employed the use of cement
mixed with certain fibers to act as n-type and p-type material, respectively,
arranged in a way that one side is exposed to high temperature and the other
with low temperature. The temperature difference can induce voltage and
current as high as 100 mV and 150 mA for a 12 x 12 in. tile. The tile could also
be cascaded for higher power and efficiency.
Keywords: thermal energy, urban heating, fiber-reinforced tiles, and flywheel effect
Effect of Varying Fiberglass-reinforced PET-EVA

on Concrete for Retrofitting
Guillermo O. Bernabe and Binwu Feng
College of Engineering
Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila, Philippines
ABSTRACT
The deterioration of performance of various forms of concrete structures
is one of the problems currently faced by the building and construction
industries. Strengthening of these structures becomes necessary whenever
the flexural or shear strength of reinforced concrete is insufficient to maintain
their service functions. This research study aimed to analyze the effect of
varying thickness of fiberglass-reinforced PET-EVA on compressive strength
of concrete for retrofitting. Experimental research method was employed
in this study using ASTM C78/C78M for compressive strength of concrete.
Retrofitting was with Fiber Glass Chopped Strand Mat (FGCSM), Fiber
Glass Chopped Strand Mat and Fiberglass Mesh (FGCSMFM), and Fiber
Glass Chopped Strand Mat, Fiberglass Mesh and PET-EVA (FGCSMFMPE).
The average compressive strength of concrete retrofitted by fiberglass-
reinforced PET-EVA for one layer (4.3 mm thick), three layers (6.8 mm thick)
and five layers (9.3 mm thick) were 14.994 MPa, 22.280 MPa and 20.557 MPa,
respectively. The ultimate load capacity that a fiberglass-reinforced PET-EVA
in terms of compressive strength for one layer, three layers and five layers
were 305.239 kN, 482.193 kN and 472.101 kN, respectively. The researcher
concluded that the compressive strength of the concrete retrofitted using
fiberglass-reinforced PET-EVA composed of one layer, three layers, and
five layers passed the minimum concrete compressive strength design of
13.79 MPa as prescribed by the American Concrete Institute. Construction
Industry may adopt the fiberglass-reinforced PET-EVA as materials in
retrofitting works and could enhance the experimental works in medium
scale with additional layers of the materials under study.
Keywords: compressive strength, fiber-reinforced PET-EVA, ultimate load capacity,

and concrete retrofitting
WIND PANEL: Gearless Hybrid Energy Converter

Development in Micro-wind Generation by Non-Turbine
Magnetic Induction
Renan John Cañas, Alexander Carrascal,
Marlan Aldous Evangelista, Francine Niedo, Wilhelm Noble,
Ivan Velarde, and Aubrey Valdecantos
Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila
ABSTRACT
The Philippines, like a good number of other countries, still gets most of its
power from non-renewable energy sources. Burning coal, which is still the
Philippine’s major source of energy, is the biggest single source of carbon
dioxide emissions from human activity. This non-renewable energy that
produces CO2 promotes climate change, which leads into massive carbon
footprints that will pollute our atmosphere. This is harmful for the environment
and public health. Same goes for natural gas that also emits CO2 which will
harm the atmosphere in the long run. Reducing our dependence on coal
power plants is deeply challenging but is a necessary step for a country
suffering from the effects climate change. Fortunately, the country holds a
vast potential for solar, wind, and other sources of renewable energy.
Wind panel is a micro-generator that aims to improve our electric production

while promoting to support the environment. It generates electricity enough
to produce 5 volts in each of its dual port for small household gadgets that
can provide an efficient, budget-friendly, and optimal solution on electricity
interruption in emergency, disaster scenarios and off-grid rural locations.
It is designed to harness power from photovoltaic cells and the wind. Wind
panels design introduces a wind generator that does need turbine blades to
harness energy.
Keywords: hybrid, renewable energy, gearless, and non-turbine

Development of a Methane Gas Quantifier

for the Analysis of Methane Production of an Organic
Material (Zea mays var. indetata) in a Small Scale Reactor
Mark B. Manlapaz1, Amabelle Joyce S. Palmero1,
Mariella C. Zulueta1, Sherwin N. Nieva2
and Ginno L. Andres1
1
College of Engineering, University of the Philippines
College of Architecture, Polytechnic University of the Philippines,
2
Sta. Mesa, Manila, Philippines
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to construct a device that will detect and quantify natural
gases such as methane, to design and fabricate a methane gas bioreactor,
and to assess the accuracy of the fabricated methane gas quantifier. The
methane gas quantifier is equipped with MQ4 sensor that detects gases
present in the air. The LCD module displays its level in ppm concentration
unit. The quantifier is also equipped with a buzzer and LEDs that will activate
automatically when it detects an unsafe level of methane gas. Small-scale
reactors are also prepared by using corncob as the organic material to
produce methane and it will then be analyzed using the developed Arduino-
based methane gas quantifier. Experimental results revealed that a small-
scale bioreactor produced a maximum of 523 ppm methane gas, which
proved that the developed methane gas quantifier had performed its function
to quantify natural gases.
Keywords: methane, reactor, biomass, biogass, and anaerobic digestion

Utilization of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) and Solar

Energy to Power Street Light Equipped with Earthquake
Alarm System
Ginno L. Andres, Rey Farly E. Garcia,
Jhon Helarch V. Antoni and Viva P. Furaque
College of Engineering
ABSTRACT
The street light will be powered by both wind and solar energy equipped
with an earthquake alarm system that works when intensity IV earthquake
is detected. The Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine is a type of wind turbine that
harnesses the kinetic energy from wind currents from all directions to
produce mechanical work and further convert it into electrical energy. VAWT
blades are engaged to the incoming wind current on its optimal angle in
only a small part of its total span. The generator connected to the VAWT that
will be used is an axial flux generator designed specifically for this research.
The photovoltaic system installed in the street light is an off-grid system that
will aid the VAWT in producing the energy required to power the street light
and the earthquake alarm system. Designing and prototyping a street light
system powered by solar energy and Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
may help the country solve its problem in dependency on non-renewable
energy resources and allocate the power consumption consumed by the
street-lighting systems for other applications in the national power grid.
Furthermore, the earthquake alarm system could be useful in public safety
and earthquake preparedness. The designed 3D-printed three-phase axial
flux generator directly coupled to the wind turbine is connected to a three-
phase rectifier and DC-to-DC Voltage Step-Up Booster. The peak three-
phase rectifier voltage output is 2-4 V at 3 m/s wind speed making the
turbine rotate at 200 rpm before being amplified by the DC-to-DC Voltage
Step-Up Booster.
Keywords: wind turbine, photovoltaic, street light, earthquake, and axial flux
Development of Healthier Processed Products

through Freeze-drying
Jao-jao A. Somyden, Pelin B. Belino, Rhea S. Contada,
Johnabel T. Basatan, and Ruda Fe Suanding
Benguet State University
ABSTRACT
Benguet Province is known to be producers of fruits and vegetables. Most
of the fruits are usually processed into jams and jellies which are treated
with heat or are dehydrated using natural or artificial heat and are usually
sugar laden. The thermal process reduces the nutrient content and alters
the sensorial qualities of the fruits. Freeze-drying is one of the modern
processing technologies which prevents undesirable changes on the
nutritional and sensorial qualities of processed fruits. However, there are
changes during storage which may be averted by pre-treatments. The
study determined the: (1) qualities of the most acceptable freeze-dried
samples from each fruit; (2) microbial load; and (3) vitamin C content of
the most acceptable freeze-dried samples from each fruits. The study was
an experimental research as it used pre-treatments prior to freeze-drying.
Except for freeze-dried strawberries which made use of ten expert panel,
fifty consumer-type panels determined the qualities of the freeze-dried
fruits. Modes and means were used to interpret results of sensory evaluation.
The most acceptable freeze-dried samples from each of the fruits were
subjected to microbial and chemical analysis at the Department of Science
and Technology for characterization. Results revealed market potential of
the freeze dried selected fruits and potential sources of vitamin C. Freeze-
drying with accompanying pre-treatments reduced the microbial load of
the fruits under study. Pilot commercialization of the developed products is
recommended.
Keywords: freeze-drying, freeze-dried fruits, sensory qualities, pre-treatments, and

sensory evaluation
Intelligent Motorcycle Safety Automation System

Ezekiel R. Borja
Graduate School, Centro Escolar University
ABSTRACT
The study focused on preventing the rider from using the motorcycle type
vehicle under the influence of alcohol. The research questions of the study
were formulated as: What devices are needed in the proposed system?
What are the factors that will need to measure in terms of effectiveness? The
researcher designed and created a device that interlocks the motorcycle
ignition systems for the motorcycle part and Alcohol Sensing device
for alcohol detection attached in the rider’s helmet. In order to evaluate
the system, the researcher conducted testing procedure to get the actual
reading of alcohol sensor that would be compared to the accepted value
of alcohol reading table. Using the percentage error, the effectiveness of
the system was determined using the relative error. The study revealed that
the effectiveness of the system may vary according to some factors that
may affect the reading of alcohol sensor and the response time of ignition
interlock device.
Keywords: motorcycle, bluetooth, ignition system, alcohol sensor, and rider

Door Security System using Fingerprint Sensor with Short

Message Service (SMS) Alert and Monitoring System
Joel B. Tadle, Morby John D. Villahermosa, Sissy Jill A. Martinez, and
Stefan A. Maranga
Cebu Technological University
ABSTRACT
Security is considered as one of the most significant endeavors to invest in
since it assures and provides protection and safety. Robbery has always been
one of the greatest problems in homes which sometimes result to killings
and other crimes due to the lack of proper security device/s installed in
homes and establishments. Most of the door-lock systems of houses and
establishments nowadays still use the unreliable standard door-lock system
which uses a key to be accessed. A door security system using a fingerprint
sensor with an SMS alert and monitoring system has been developed to
minimize the problem of home or establishment robberies. The main goal
of this study is to develop a door-lock-unlock system for security innovation
engaged in homes and establishments. It will also provide a monitoring
capability with the use of IP-based (Internet Protocol) camera that can be
monitored through a mobile application without distance limitation using
Wi-Fi or any means of internet connection and will automatically send
emergency SMS to the owner for notification using a Global System for
Mobile (GSM). In order to know the performance of the network needed to
be used, SMS evaluation test will be done using the three different networks
namely: Globe, Sun, and Smart. The result has been statistically analyzed and
has shown that it can effectively perform its desired operations and provide
strong evidence to rely on in case of investigations.
Keywords: door lock system, fingerprint sensor, monitoring system, and security
system
Highly-sensitive Microelectromechanical Systems

(MEMS)-Based Capacitive Accelerometer for Dynamic
Weighing of Fish Nuggets
Francis Malit
EEE Department/Far Eeastern University Institute of Technology,
P. Paredes St. Sampaloc, Manila
ABSTRACT
In the food manufacturing industry, dynamic weighing is an essential process
being used to maximize production efficiency. However, checkweighers used
for this purpose utilized conventional load cells which exhibit permanent
deformation causing decrease in accuracy of measurements. In this paper,
a highly sensitive capacitive accelerometer using MEMS technology for
dynamic weighing was designed. Differential space-varying type was
considered which had lateral-single-axis sensing structures. The mechanical
and electrical parameters were simulated using Finite Element analysis. The
results showed that Design 3 exhibits larger nominal capacitance than Design
1 and 2, and its simulated differential capacitance sensitivity is closest to its
theoretical value. In addition, the aspect ratio of the spring is maximized and
the performances with respect to the cross-axis modes are improved.
Keywords: microelectromechanical systems, dynamic weighing, single-axis, highly-

sensitive, and accelerometer
Low Cost Geophysical Resistivity Instrument

Norman H. Zaragoza1, Genesis D. Orlarve1, Mary Grace J. Delos
Reyes1, Bailey John E. Bandiola2 and Ginno L. Andres1
1
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering,
2
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering,
ABSTRACT
Scientists use geophysical methods to explore and locate abundant
groundwater. Resistivity methods are the most widely used in determining
the depth and zones of saturation in the ground subsurface. New technology
enables geologists and geophysicists to easily find aquifers and to map the
rock layers of the land. Software programs are used to interpret the data
gathered into high resolution images of variations in ground resistivity
with depth; 2D to 3D imaging are used today. However, the equipment and
software used are extremely expensive, ranging from P25,000 – P1,000,000
and not recommended for small scale researches and communities. This
paper describes how to construct a device that can exploit groundwater for
less than P8,000. The device is useful for the detection of shallow aquifers
(around 30 m deep) where wells can be drilled with portable drill rigs. This
paper aims to introduce the use of such device for drillers and workers,
improving the success rate of water wells, whether big or small scale.
Results shows that up to a depth of 5 m, the apparent resistivity steadily
rises from 311.38 Ωm to 529.31 Ωm. These values are that of a typical dry
topsoil. However, with values of 259.05 Ωm, 288.70 Ωm, and 377.67 Ωm, there
significant decrease in apparent resistivity is measured at the depth of 12.5
m in all three trials. With the use of the constructed instrument, drillers can
give their clients assurance of the presence of water under the surface of the
drilling site. Using the device to locate and to know the depth of groundwater
saves the drill team time, effort, and money; steering away from drilling dry
holes.
Keywords: resistivity, aquifer, and groundwater

Fabrication and Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical

Properties of Developed Coco-Sawdust Bricks
Aaron D. Espinas and Angel T. Sabusap
Southern Leyte State University, Sogod, Southern Leyte
ABSTRACT
The researchers conducted the study between October 2018 and December
2018 at Southern Leyte State University, Main Campus with the main purpose
of fabricating coco-sawdust bricks and evaluates its physical and mechanical
properties. The study utilized 3 by 3 factorial research design and data were
analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVA and test on means for
two sample cases. Results revealed that in terms of thickness swelling ratio
having 1:1 and 1:2 settled to be stable at its weighted percentage signified
0%; in water absorption, ratio having 1:1 held the least water absorption
gain in grams: it also showed that there was statistical significance in mean
modulus of rupture across different mixture and pressing time; one sample
test data provided evidence to claim that the best fabricated coco-sawdust
bricks is significantly higher in terms of modulus of rupture compared to
the commercial bricks. Thus, the fabricated bricks with the use of coco-
sawdust added to the ordinary Portland cement are comparable to the
bricks available in the market. In effect, the fabricated coco-sawdust brick
is environment-friendly and promotes the conversion of agricultural wastes
into a valuable construction material like bricks.
Keywords: coco-sawdust bricks, physical and mechanical properties, conversion of

agricultural waste, and valuable construction material
Influence of Mix Design and Fiber Length to the Physical

and Mechanical Properties of Wild Sugarcane Fiberboard
Teodinis P. Garcia, Melito A. Baccay, Marjun B. Macasilhig,
Patrick Paul Neil V. Llorente, Patrick E. Palmero,
Khen Marinor SP Relente, and Jesseryl Bernard V. Villegas
Technological University of the Philippines, Manila
ABSTRACT
The development of construction materials such as fiberboard from the
wild sugarcane or “talahib” contributes to more efficient agricultural waste
utilization and gives effective solution to environmental-related problems.
In this study, wild sugarcane and polyester resin as binder were utilized to
produce a fiberboard that conforms to the standards of fiberboard. Three
mix designs with fiber to binder ratio of 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and three varying
lengths of 25 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm were considered for the evaluation of the
physical and mechanical properties of the wild sugarcane fiberboard. Based
from the results, the most suitable mix design among the proposed mix
designs was the 40:60 while the most suitable fiber length was 75 mm for all
mix designs.
Keywords: fiberboard, polyester resin, and wild sugar cane (talahib)

Design Exploration and Innovation of Kariton (Makeshift

Pushcart): Formalizing the Informal for Social Growth
Ciedrick Paul L. Estinozo and Jocelyn Rivera-Lutap
Department of Architecture, Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Sta. Mesa, Manila
ABSTRACT
The project commenced as an academic requirement of the Housing and
Urban Settlements class of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines
(PUP) 4th Year Bachelor of Science (BS) in Architecture students. The students
were grouped to do innovations in kariton (makeshift pushcart), tiny house or
foldable house. The group where the proponent belonged was tasked to do
an innovative kariton. Initial and class presentation was done for collaborative
input. As per the research, the group found out that there is no specific data
or statistics that can accommodate the actual number of street dwellers
particularly living in a kariton. This lead the proponent to further pursue the
research by striking multiple goals:1) Assess the specific user demands of
street dwellers residing in urban centers through a kariton, 2) Provide street
dweller-specific ergonomics, 3) Provide multi-purpose kariton specific to the
daily economic routine of street dwellers. A 1:500 mts model was made using
sintra board as main component which was also presented before the class.
The pursuit to file a patent lead the proponent to further assess the feasibility
of each design components incorporated in the project. The initial designs
were found out to be ineffective to the demands of the target users. Material-
to-material abrasion is expected in areas where contact with other materials
is a mechanical requirement. The foldable bed attached to the compartment
was found to be an addition to the overall weight of the kariton which would
cause some mobility issues to the user/s as well as the navigation of the
structure. To this, Pedikart 2.0 was created with far-reaching possibilities
of aiding the lifestyle of street dwellers. At the end, the proponent is keen
on proposing the said project to targeted government institutions such as
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), the PUP as well
as local and international non-governmental organizations (NGO) such as
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and United Nations Commission
for Social Development (UNCSD). The success of this collaboration would fill
the void of unaccounted numbers of street dwellers in the National Capital
Region (NCR) particularly those in a makeshift kariton as their residential
structure.
Keywords:
makeshift pushcart, kariton, product design, street dwellers, and
homeless-street families
Physical and Mechanical Property Characterization

of Banana Pseudostem and Peduncle Fiber Reinforced
Polypropylene Composite Board
Melito A. Baccay, Teodinis P. Garcia,
Reuben John A. Arcabal, Krizzanelle M. Camarce,
Jerryl L. Del Rosario, Abegail C. Gan, Michael P. Garcia,
Liezl Ann P. Ramos, and Jomina D. Saflor
Civil Engineering Department,
College of Engineering, Technological University of the Philippines, Manila
ABSTRACT
The study is focused on the physical and mechanical property characterization
of fiber reinforced composite board using banana fibers (pseudostem and
peduncle) and recycled polypropylene plastics. A total of six (6) different
mix designs were considered using three varying amount of banana fibers
and recycled polypropylene plastics (20:80, 30:70 and 40:60) and two (2)
types of fiber (treated and untreated) in order to produce 200 mm by 200
mm by 4 mm thick composite boards. The samples were prepared and
tested for water absorption and thickness swelling, modulus of rupture,
face-screw holding, nail head pull-through strength and were exposed
to accelerated weathering. Based on the test results, the composite board
has a specific gravity ranging from 0.84 to 0.89 and a density ranging from
842.57 kg/m3 to 893.38 kg/m3. It was established that varying the amount
of fibers and polypropylene plastic ratio and the treatment of fibers have
influence on the properties of the composite board. The more fibers that are
used in the mix the more they absorb water. Interestingly, the treatment of
fibers showed significant effect on the properties of the board. Samples with
treated fibers have lower water absorption (0.86% to 2.05%) and thickness
swelling (3.94% to 4.86%), respectively. Consequently, the use of more
fibers in the mix resulted to a decrease in modulus of rupture, while the use
of treated fibers gave higher modulus of rupture. Generally, a similar trend
was observed on the face-screw holding test and the nail head pull through
strength test and samples with treated fibers showed better performance
under exposed accelerated weathering.
Keywords: pseudostem, peduncle, fiber, polypropylene, and composite

Properties of Liquid Product of Coconut Shell Pyrolysis

Michael Manilhig1, Michael Loretero1,
and Gabriel Dominic Baygan 2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bohol Island State University,
1
Main Campus, Tagbilaran City 6300, Philippines

2
Faculty of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering,
University of San Carlos – Technological Center, Talamban, Cebu City
ABSTRACT
Coconut shell is a biomass and is abundant in the Philippines. Since
coconut waste is a biomass, it can be dealt with processes on biomass
energy conversion systems. One of this is pyrolysis which is described as
thermal degradation of biomass in the absence of oxygen. Pyrolysis process
produces solid, liquid and gaseous fuel products namely char, tar or bio-oil,
and fuel gas, respectively. Results from the current investigation show that tar
production increases as the experimental temperature increases while char
production decreases, as shown in the graph. The highest tar production is
when the gas temperature is 84.085°C. The density of coconut shell liquid
product obtained was 1048.09 kg/m3 at 37.8°C. The liquid product density
was comparatively denser than that of diesel and heavy fuel i.e., 827.1 kg/
m3 and 980 kg/m3, respectively. Flash point was observed at 124°C and the
fire point was observed at 140°C. The dynamic viscosity was 3.22 Centipoise
at 37.8°C.
Keywords: tar, char, coconut shell, and pyrolysis

Implementation of Rapid Construction Method

of Selected Construction Companies in Metro Manila
Joseph Raniel A. Bianes1, Guillermo O. Bernabe2,
and Orlean G. Dela Cruz3
1
Plumbing-Sanitary Design and Estimate Section,
Physical Planning and Development Office, Polytechnic University of the Philippines
2
Philippine Accreditation of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC) Office,
3
Department of Engineering Science, College of Engineering
Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this study was to assess the level of implementation
of Rapid Construction Method of selected construction companies in Metro
Manila. Specifically, this study sought to measure the level of implementation
of rapid construction method based on the indicators: automation equipment,
information technology, innovative management and innovative material
when grouped according to profile. This study covered the 41 construction
companies serving as contractors of government sponsored public
construction projects seated and has ongoing project in Metro Manila. Out
of 41 respondents, majority of them were Site Engineer/Architect which
has 6-10 years of experience, age range of 31-40, and were male. The same
conclusions arrived when the respondents were grouped according to
age, length of experience, role, and sex that the level of implementation
of Rapid Construction as Innovative Management and Innovative Material
were Fully Implemented while Automation Equipment and Information
Technology were implemented. There is a significant difference on
Information Technology when grouped according to length of experience in
construction and Automation Equipment and Information Technology when
grouped according to sex. It is recommended to conduct studies assessing
the difference in level of implementation of rapid construction methods or
project management professional (PMP) certified and non-PMP certified.
Keywords: innovative management, innovative material, and rapid construction

method
Oral Presentations
Biological and Food Sciences
Antibacterial Activity of the Lyophilized Aqueous

Leaf Extract of the Philippine Green-leafed Acalypha
amentacea Roxb. (Maslakot-Ambulong) Against Selected
Human Bacterial Pathogens
Romnick M. Ureta1, Ma. Peach N. Ogbac1,
Zandre Isabelle A. Cruzado1, Elmo Louis B. Muros1,
and Gary Antonio C. Lirio2
1
MIMAROPA Regional Science High School, Region IV-B, Philippines
2
Center for Life Sciences Research, Institute for Science and Technology Research,
Polytechnic University of the Philippines – Manila, Philippines
ABSTRACT
The specific aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the
phytochemical constituents, functional group assignment and antibacterial
activity of the Philippine green-leafed Acalypha amentacea Roxb. (Maslakot-
Ambulong), a wildcrafted medicinal plant of local traditional healers in
the southernmost region of Mindoro province. Aqueous leaf extracts of A.
amentacea were lyophilized and subjected to qualitative phytochemical
screening and FT-IR analysis. The antibacterial activity of the plant using
agar-well diffusion assay revealed highest Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) in 500mg/
mL concentration for S. aureus (21.78 mm), E. coli, (21.36 mm), S. marcescens
(21.90 mm), K. pnueomniae (21.44 mm), and E. faecalis (20.52 mm) among
other concentrations suggesting a dose dependent bioactivity. Also,
compared to the antibiotic Rifampicin, A. amentacea demonstrated better
bioactivity against all the selected bacteria except S. aureus (p<0.05) and
comparable to Ofloxacin when against E. faecalis. The minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) of the extract was found to be at 15.6mg/mL for all the
bacteria except for S. marcescens with 31.25mg/mL as MIC. The bioactivity
of the plant may be accounted to the presence of alkaloid, phenol, flavonoid,
tannin, and saponin which were supported by its functional groups like
carboxylic acid, alcohols, amine, conjugated alkene, aromatic esters, and
alkyl aryl ether. The results of this investigation, proved that A. amentacea
has bioactive antibacterial principles against the selected microorganisms.
This also confirms its potentiality as a new source of antibacterial agents.
Keywords: Acalypha amentacea, antibacterial, traditional medicine, functional groups,
and phytochemicals
Survival of Lactic Acid Bacteria (L. casei BD II

and L. plantarum WCFS1) from Probiotic Mango Juice
in Human Gastro-intestinal Stresses
Eufemio G. Barcelon1 and Maden Krista S. Velando2
1
Professor, Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAFENR,
Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite
2
Promo Exchange, Inc., 7th Floor C. Palanca St. cor. Dela Rosa St. Legazpi Village,
Makati City
ABSTRACT
Mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) is a good source of beneficial nutrients and
has been proven to have prebiotic potential. In addition, recent studies on
novel probiotic strains Lactobacillus casei BD II and Lactobacillus plantarum
WCFS1 suggest its applicability in the food industry. This study explored the
suitability of mango as a raw material for production of a non-dairy probiotic
beverage and the resistance of L. casei BD II and L. plantarum WCFS1 to gastro-
intestinal (GI) stresses. Prior to inoculation in mango juice (MJ), Lactobacillus
strains were examined for their survival in acidic conditions (pH 1.0 and 3.0),
presence of bile and digestive enzymes pepsin (at pH 2.0) and pancreatin (at
pH 8.0). L. plantarum was found to be more tolerant at pH 1.0 and 3.0 at 0, 1,
and 3 h as well as in the presence of digestive enzymes pepsin and pancreatin
at 0 and 4h, compared to L. casei (p<0.001); both strains were found to be
tolerant against bile salts and showed growth in a modified media (1.0% w/v
bile salts) after 48 h at 37°C. Lactobacillus are viable in mango juice. It was
concluded that L. casei and L. plantarum were able to rapidly utilize MJ for
cell synthesis and lactic acid production without pH adjustment or addition
of other nutrients and remained viable (≥106 cfu mL-1) up to 3 weeks and 4
weeks of storage at 4°C. Therefore, microencapsulation of the probiotic cells
is highly recommended to enhance its viability when inoculated into fruit
juice.
Keywords: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, mango juice, and probiotics

B i o l o g i c a l a n d Fo o d S c i e n c e s | 69
Optimization of Liquid Culture Conditions

for Mycelial Growth and Nutraceutical Attributes
of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. (Singer)
Jennifer Paltiyan1, Renato Reyes2, and Sofronio Kalaw2
1
Department of Biology, Benguet State University, Philippines,
2
Department of Biological Sciences, Central Luzon State University, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Locally available materials (mature coconut water, rice bran decoction
broth, corn grit decoction broth, potato dextrose broth) were evaluated to
determine the most suitable liquid culture medium and physical conditions
for the mycelial growth and nutraceutical attributes of Lentinus squarrosulus
(Mont.) Singer. Mature coconut water broth, which produced the optimum
mycelial biomass was utilized in the optimization of physical conditions
including agitation condition, pH, temperature and illumination. Most
favorable physical conditions for the optimum biomass production included
pH level of 5.5 and incubation in static culture condition at room temperature
(25-31ºC) with continuous 24-hour illumination. The mycelial mat and spent
culture broth of L. squarrosulus from static and shaking culture conditions
exhibited antioxidant activity. Mycelial mat from shaking culture condition
registered the highest antioxidant property with DPPH radical scavenging
activity of 76.61%, EC50 of 595.73 μg/mL and total phenolics of 9.61 mg
AAE/g. Mycelial mat extracts from static and shaking culture conditions
contain saponin, terpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, and flavonoid, while tannin,
phlobatannin, and glycoside were not detected. On the other hand, spent
media from both conditions contain saponin, terpenoid and steroid, but
tannin, phlobatannin, alkaloid, glycoside, and flavonoid were absent. The
mycelial mat from static (LC50=24.00 μg/mL) and shaking (LC50=39.17 μg/
mL) conditions were toxic to brine shrimp nauplii, while spent culture
broth from static (LC50= 182.49 μg/mL) and shaking (LC50= 116.46 μg/mL)
conditions were non-toxic.
Keywords: Lentinus squarrosulus, liquid culture, mycelia, and mycochemical

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Cellulolytic

Bacillus spp. Isolated from Rice Paddy Fields in
Nueva Ecija and Camarines Sur Province, Philippines
Jessica Marie B. Bañares1, Jezel O. Bangga1,
and Gary Antonio C. Lirio2
1
College of Science, Department of Biology, Polytechnic University of the Philippines
2
ABSTRACT
Drug-resistant strains are becoming a public health concern as records of
antibiotic-resistant infections are increasing in clinical settings worldwide.
Multi-drug resistant microbes continuously adapt on currently- synthesized
drugs inactivating their effects through various mechanisms. To combat this
issue, microbial natural sources from different environments are thus being
tapped to satiate the need for new antimicrobials. In this study, Bacillus
species were isolated from the rice field soils, tested for their enzyme
production and antimicrobial activity through plate methods and agar-
well diffusion assays. The results showed that the isolates were positive in
synthesizing cellulase, with strain BI-AI.1 showing the highest hydrolysis
zone of 2.07±1.07 mm. Investigations also showed that Bacillus cell-free
supernatant (CFS) of strains NE-AIII.10, BI-BI.7, and BI-CI.2 exhibited
antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (with corresponding
p-values 0.0150, 0.0113, and 0.0145, respectively, at 0.05 alpha level),
Micrococcus luteus (p=0.3498, 0.4398, and 0.4803), and Candida albicans
(p=0.2213, 0.0541, and 0.1258), thus, are potential antimicrobials. Minimum
Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay of the three Bacillus CFS showed 1:32,
1:32, and 1:4 ratio of inhibition against C. tropicalis; all with 1:32 inhibition
against M. luteus and 1:1 against E. faecalis, respectively. Bacillus BI.CI.2
was able to inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with
9.83±0.44 mm inhibition (p=0005). Molecular identification of the top strain
NE-AIII-10 showed similarity to Bacillus subtilis using PCR amplification of
16S rDNA gene. Results suggest that soil paddy fields in the Philippines can
be a source of cellulolytic Bacillus, the applicability of which can be exploited
in industries and as potential sources of microbial-derived antibiotics.
Further tests shall be done to identify compounds present in Bacillus CSF
responsible for inhibitory activities.
Keywords: antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial, Bacillus, cellulolytic, and cellulose

Bioremediation Activity of Isolated Chromium

Resistant Bacteria from Estuary Sediments
in La Union, Philippines
Divine Claire F. Lorido, Olivienne Noelle P. Gines,
and Rosemary M. Gutierrez
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines,
Baguio – Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, 2600
ABSTRACT
Chromium contamination in sediments is contributed by industrialization.
Elevated levels of Cr(VI) have significant effects on living organism’s
health, and detrimental to the environment. Bioremediation is an innovative
and sustainable way of reducing hazardous substances to a lesser one. In
this study, Cr-resistant bacteria were isolated from Maragayap Estuary
sediments, and its bioremediation activity was assessed. Soil samples
were collected from the study site and were serially diluted and grown in
Luria-Bertani medium. Soil microcosm was amended with 60 ppm Cr(VI),
and its heavy metal levels were evaluated in four weeks through US EPA
3060A and 7196A. Bacterial isolates were characterized and identified by
16s rRNA gene sequencing, and its phylogenetic trees were constructed.
Based on heavy metal analyses, Maragayap Estuary was found to be polluted
with chromium. Isolates designated as LG-01 and LG-03 were identified as
Staphylococcus sciuri and Bacillus cereus, and LG-02 as the novel bacteria,
Bacillus aerius. All strains could tolerate up to 300 ppm of chromium. The two
Bacillus species produced putative carotenoids due to heavy metal stress.
Results revealed that there was a reduction of Cr(VI), as bioremediation time
progresses. The bacterial consortium reduced chromium faster than pure
cultures at a rate of 0.8931 ppm/week. Individually, S. sciuri had the highest
reduction of 1.65 ppm in four weeks. The results of this study may inform
the community on possible human pathogens thriving in estuaries and may
provide a potential microbial source of bioremediation agent to address
environmental concerns in the freshwater ecosystem.
Keywords: bioremediation, chromium-resistant bacteria, molecular identification,

and estuary
The Medical Potential of Marine Sponge Stylissa massa

Extracts against Breast Cancer
Mary Jho-Anne T. Corpuz1,3, Ramon D. Salanio, Jr.2,
and Ross D. Vasquez1,3
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
2
Pharmacy Department, University of San Agustin, Philippines,
3*
Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas,
Philippines
ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is common among Filipino women. Statistical results show that
one in every 13 is expected to develop this cancer in today’s generation as
stated by the Philippine Society of Medical Oncology (2015). It is associated
with the failure of the body to maintain its normal homeostasis and exposure
to harmful chemicals that can result to proliferation of abnormal cells. The
marine environment has abundant potential marine sponges that may play
significant roles in drug development for their uniquely structured and
unexploited novel compounds. Hence, the in-vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic
activity of marine sponge Stylissa massa extract collected from the aquatic
resources of Barangay Tando Nueva Valencia, Guimaras, Philippines extract
was investigated. Freshly chopped marine sponge was extracted using
methanol and defatted with hexane. The extracts were tested in MCF-7, a
breast cancer line, for their cytotoxic (MTT Assay) and apoptotic activities
using Annexin V-FITC detection by fluorescence microscopy and caspase-
glo 3/7 assay. Extracts were positive for the presence of alkaloids and amino
acid. Both fractions significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells in dose
dependent manner (p<0.05) with an IC50 of 25 μg/mL for hexane and 90
μg/mL for methanol extract. Both hexane and methanol extracts displayed
notable apoptotic activity. These results showed significant cytotoxic and
apoptotic activity of hexane and methanol extracts of Stylissa massa, thus this
marine sponge should be given attention for drug discovery against breast
cancer.
Keywords: Stylissa massa, MCF-7, anticancer, Caspase 3/7, and Annexin-V

Water Soluble Polysaccharide Extract

from Codium edule P.C. Silva as an Alternative Treatment
Against Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Insights
from an Animal Model Study
Martin Raemond B. Mallabo1, Mary Jho-Anne Corpuz1,2,3,
and Ross Vasquez1,2,3
1
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas
3
Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas
ABSTRACT
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the highly observed skin-related
occupational diseases which is manifested by the presence of skin redness,
itching and drying. ACD is commonly treated using glucocorticoids but
using steroids presents higher risk of undesirable effects such as Cushing’s
syndrome and hepatotoxicity. Bioactive anti-inflammatory compounds from
plants may serve as a potential alternative treatment for ACD. This study
aimed to evaluate the potential of sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from Codium
edule P. C. Silva, commonly known as “Pukpuklo”. Crude, deproteinized and
water extracts (F1) were obtained by hot water extraction, Sevag method
and anion-exchange chromatography, respectively. The carbohydrate,
sulfate, and uronic acid contents of all the extracts were quantified. FT-IR
spectroscopy was also employed to check their identity. F1 was subjected to
acute toxicity test (OECD 425). The inhibitory effect of F1 was evaluated on
DNFB-induced ACD mice model. The ear thickness and levels of interferon
gamma (IFN- γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) of F1-treated
groups were measured and compared against the untreated group. The
extracts afforded carbohydrates (19.8 – 46.96%), sulfate (10.49 - 28.25%)
and uronic acid (0.023 – 1.17%). FT- IR spectrum revealed uniformity of F1
with the standard sulfated galactan. F1 was safe up to 2,000 mg/kg and did
not cause any damage to major organs of the test animals. Oral treatment with
F1 suppressed DNFB-induced ear inflammation (p<0.05) and significantly
inhibited the production of IFN- γ and TNF-α in the serum of mice in a
dose-dependent manner when compared to the untreated group (p<0.05).
Results highly suggest that F1 extracted from C. edule is a bioactive marine
polysaccharide with promising potential against inflammation and allergic
contact dermatitis.
Keywords: allergic contact dermatitis, Codium edule, inflammation, sulfated
polysaccharide, TNF-α
Antioxidant Activity of C-Phycocyanin from

Spirulina platensis (Gomont) Geitler Grown under
Different Light Spectra and Irradiances
Florabelle R. Cabarrubias1, Shayne Fatima A. Pascual2,
and Armin S. Coronado1,3
1
Institute for Science and Technology Research,
Office of the Vice President for Research Extension and Development,
Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Manila
2
Research and Biotechnology Department, St. Lukes Medical Center
(Global City) Incorporated
3
Department of Biology, College of Science,
Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Manila
ABSTRACT
C-phycocyanin (CPC) is a phycobiliprotein found in Spirulina platensis
with known antioxidant activity. Thus, the culture condition of S. platensis
using various light spectra and light irradiances was explored in order to
optimize higher biomass and CPC production. Moreover, the antioxidant
activity of the CPC was assessed using nitric oxide radical scavenging assay
(NORSA), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay,
and total antioxidant activity (TAA). Results showed that S. platensis obtained
from white light at 2784 lux gave the highest algal biomass. On the other
hand, S. platensis exposed to blue light at 768 lux provided the highest CPC
production. Moreover, CPC from S. platensis grown under blue light at 768
lux gave the highest inhibition of free radicals such as nitric oxide and DPPH
radicals. However, CPC from S. platensis exposed to blue light at 1415 lux
showed the highest TAA.
Keywords: Spirulina platensis, C-phycocyanin, antioxidant activity, light spectrum,
and light irradiance
Growth Media Optimization for the Induction

of Carotenoids in Scenedesmus obliquus
Collin Jeremiah R. Balayan, Kim Ivan R. Mendoza,
and Wilberto D. Monotilla
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Carotenoids are secondary metabolites mainly used by different organisms
to protect from free radical damage and to absorb light. Some carotenoids
are used by humans as food supplements due to their antioxidant property.
Industrial production of carotenoids is typically done using algal cell culture,
an example of which is astaxanthin production using Haematococcus pluvialis.
In this study, the algae Scenedesmus obliquus was shown to be inducible for
carotenoid production using BBM as the base medium. The induction was
carried out in stress conditions such as increased temperature, luminosity,
and a 12:12 light-dark cycle. The induction media was optimized by differing
the final concentrations of different components of the media namely NO3,
PO4, NaCl, metals, and H2O2. It was seen that lower concentrations of NO3
and PO4 increased carotenoid production. A Box Behnken experimental
design was used to determine the optimal combination of three components
for the induction of carotenoids. It was found that the optimal combination
was 0.25X NO3 and PO4, 7X NaCl, and 70 μL H2O2 with theoretical carotenoid
content range of 34.8036-75.7627 μg/mL at 95% CI.
Keywords: carotenoids, Scenedesmus obliquus, and media optimization

Diversity of Sub-aerial and Soil Microalgae at Different

Elevations of the Los Baños side of Mt. Makiling
June Owen O. Nacorda
Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences
University of the Philippines, Los Baños
ABSTRACT
Sub-aerial microalgae attached to rocks and tree barks as well as soil samples
were collected at ten different elevations (100-1,000+ meters above sea
level) of Los Baños side of Mt. Makiling in order to identify microalgal species
and determine the effect of elevation on species distribution. Microscopic
examination of the rock scrapings yielded the cyanobacterium Scytonema
hofmanii at 100 and 700 meters elevations. Microscopic examination of bark
scrapings yielded the green alga Trentepohlia aurea and the cyanobacteria
Aphanocapsa grevillei, Phormidium rotheanum, Nostoc commune, Scytonema
javanicum and Scytonema ocellatum in sampling sites with open forest canopy
at the 200 and 1,000 meters elevations. The soil samples enriched with BG11
and BG11-N media yielded the green algae Chlorococcum humicola and
Chlorella vulgaris and the cyanobacteria Chroococcus minutus, Geiterinema
splendidum, Oscillatoria subbrevis at all elevations. The nitrogen-fixing
cyanobacterium Nostoc commune was observed at 100, 200, 500, 700 and
1,000 meters elevations while the branching cyanobacterium Hapalosiphon
welwitschii was observed only at 300 and 400 meters elevations. The diatom
species Luticola mutica and Nitzschia palea were observed in soils from
sampling sites near creeks at 100 and 600 meters elevations. Elevation
exhibited little effect on microalgal species distribution in the mountain. The
presence of sub-aerial microalgae in rocks and barks were observed to be
dependent on available light from canopy openings while the soil diatoms
were dependent on the available moisture from nearby creeks. No algal film
or biological soil crusts were collected from the soil samples which indicates
that most of the soil algae are in dormant stage or growing slowly.
Keywords: sub-aerial microalgae, soil microalgae, elevations, Los Baños, and Mt.
Makiling
Antibacterial Activity and Biocontrol Potential

of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Plectranthus
amboinicus Lour. Leaves
Ron Patrick C. Campos and James Kennard S. Jacob
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences,
Isabela State University, Echague, Isabela, Philippines 3309
ABSTRACT
Endophytic fungi reside internally and asymptomatically in plant tissues and
play significant roles in the ecosystem. Medicinal plants, such as oregano
(Plecanthrus amboinicus Lour.), are valuable sources of important endophytic
fungi as endophytes are known to confer several benefits to their host.
Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of P. amboinicus and assessed
for their antibacterial and biocontrol potentials. Three fungal endophytes
were isolated from the leaves of Mexican oregano, all of which belong
to the genus Aspergillus. The fungal endophytes were morphologically
identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus terreus.
In the antibacterial assay, preliminary screening using agar plug diffusion
method revealed that the endophytes were able to impressively suppress
the growth of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Lastly, the
biocontrol activities of the endophytic fungi were tested against Fusarium
verticillioides using the dual culture method. Results showed that the
Aspergillus endophytes can restrict the growth of F. verticillioides effectively.
Observations indicated that A. flavus and A. niger antagonized F. verticillioides
through overgrowth mechanism which could be a result of antagonism due
to parasitism or antibiosis as lytic activity. In the case of A. terreus, zone of
inhibition was clearly observed which indicates the production of antibiotic
substances either by the pathogen against antagonistic fungi or vice versa.
This study shows the mycopharmacological properties of P. amboinicus leaf
endophytes and their potential antibacterial and biocontrol applications.
Keywords: antibacterial, biocontrol, endophyte, oregano, and Plecanthrus amboinicus

Molluscicidal Potential of Sandoricum koetjape,

Burm. f (Santol) and Swietenia macrophylla, LeDoux,
D (Mahogany) Against Oncomelania quadrasi,
Möllendorff, O. (Freshwater Snail)
Andrea Amor G. Ureta
Department of Graduate Studies, Mindoro State
College of Agriculture and Technology, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Schistosomiasis, a worldwide intestinal parasitic infection, remains a
public health challenge in endemic focal areas in several provinces in the
Philippines, including four towns in Oriental Mindoro. This is carried by
the freshwater snail, Oncomelania quadrasi. Thus, the current study aims
to determine the molluscicidal activity of the Sandoricum koetjape and
Swietenia macrophylla. Santol leaves and mahogany seeds were collected,
soaked and extracted using ethanol and, underwent phytochemical analysis
to test the presence of secondary metabolites. Eight different treatments with
varying concentrations were prepared where 10 sample snails per treatment
were submerged for 24 hours. The snails were then rinsed and placed in
tap water for another 24 hours. Death was determined through standard
procedure of soaking the snail to sodium hydroxide. Results showed that
alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, and terpenoids
were present for both plant extracts. Morphology of the anatomy of snails
were evaluated though Scanning Electron Microscopy revealing swelling,
blebbing, peeling, erosion, and exfoliation of its tegumental surface that
resulted in the exposure of the subtegumental tissues. One-way ANOVA,
followed by Scheffé test revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in the
number of dead snails among treatments. In addition, all prepared treatments
have significant results (p<0.05) against the negative control affirming the
molluscicidal property of the S. koetjape and S. macrophylla. This is the first
known molluscicidal study against the O. quadrasi in the Philippines in the
21st Century and also the first report on the use of S. koetjape leaves and S.
macrophylla seeds as molluscicide.
Keywords: molluscicide, Sandoricum koetjape, Swietenia macrophylla, Oncomelania

quadrasi, phytochemical analysis, and scanning electron microscope
Biological Activity and Compounds Isolated

from Philippine Endemic Plant Premna nauseosa Blanco
Mark Anthony G. Fran1,2, Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro2,
Christina Tan2, Sonia D. Jacinto3, Chien-Chang Shen4,
Phelan G. Apostol5,6, Consolacion Y. Ragasa5,7
1
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
2
The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, Philippines
3
Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman
4
National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health
and Welfare – 155-1, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Taipei 112, Taiwan
5
Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue,
Manila 1004, Philippines
6
Food and Drug Administration-Civic Drive, Filinvest Corporate City,
Alabang, Muntinlupa, City 1781, Philippines
7
Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, STCL Campus,
Biñan City, Laguna, Philippines
ABSTRACT
The Philippines is endowed with a wealth of indigenous and endemic
plants, and many of these have not yet been evaluated for their potential
benefits especially in drug development. Premna nauseosa Blanco is under
the family Verbenaceae and many of which have an aromatic smell. This
is one of the country’s endemic plants, and it showed promising result
based on cytotoxicity assay against colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116). It
also demonstrated antioxidant capability as well as antidiabetic property
due to high percent enzyme inhibition activity. Dichloromethane extract
of P. nauseosa leaves yielded squalene and a mixture of β-sitosterol and
stigmasterol. This is the first report on the isolation of these compounds
from P. nauseosa. Antiproliferative assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-
2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was performed using colorectal
carcinoma (HCT116). For antidiabetic potential, inhibition of carbohydrate
hydrolyzing glucosidase enzyme using α-glucosidase assay was used. Free-
radical scavenging activity using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was
used to determine its antioxidant capability. Chemical investigation of the
dichloromethane extract was identified by comparison of their NMR data
with literature data.
Keywords: Premna nauseosa Blco, α-glucosidase, HCT-116, MTT, and DPPH

Genotoxicity Screening of Freshwater Bodies

within the Vicinity of Selected Polytechnic University
of the Philippines Campuses Using Allium cepa L.
Chromosome Aberration Assay
Carmelita P. Mapanao1, Theresita V. Atienza1,
Arcibel B. Bautista1, Gary Antonio C. Lirio2,
and Jumelle John M. Rebalbos1
1
Department of Biology, College of Science,
2
ABSTRACT
Water is the primary material needed in the survival of life. Toxicity of water
bodies will certainly affect all the organisms living within the vicinity of the
area. Externally, effects might not be observed for effects might be present
in the cellular or molecular level. Thus, to identify the cytotoxicity effects
of the water bodies at present, Allium cepa L. chromosome aberration and
mitotic index were conducted during wet and dry seasons. Water samples
were collected from eight water bodies within the vicinity of PUP branches
and campuses. The roots of the said plant were exposed to water samples
and at the same time, physico-chemical water analysis was conducted.
Chromosomal aberrations were observed in the samples and this was since
the physico-chemical properties of the water bodies were over average or
above average. Slight changes, from the normal value, in the pH, conductivity,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen were some factors which made the water
body cytotoxic. Presence of chromosomal aberrations were also observed
for each sample which indicated that the said water bodies can possibly
affect how the genes work for an organism.
Keywords: cytotoxicity, Allium cepa, chromosome aberration, mitotic index, and

physico-chemical
Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity

Determination of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus
Lam.) Beverage with Crab Chitosan
Maria Dulce L. Alibangbang1 and Roberta D. Lauzon2
1
Department of Fisheries, Visayas State University, Tolosa, Philippines,
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, Visayas State University, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Postharvest interventions have been the key in transforming the jackfruit
pulp into other food products to increase its economic value. In order to
increase its shelf life, modern methods of preservation have been applied
including the use of biopolymers. Chitosan, because of its biological and
chemical properties, has been utilized and studied in different fields and
industries. In this study, chitosan was added in the processing of jackfruit
beverage at different levels. The physicochemical properties such as pH, TSS,
and Titratable Acidity of jackfruit beverage with chitosan were determined
for 15 days at different storage conditions. The results showed that chitosan
significantly affects the pH, TSS but not the Total Titratable Acidity of the
jackfruit beverage at ambient condition. Moreover, chitosan significantly
affects the pH, TSS and Titratable Acidity of jackfruit beverage stored at
refrigerated condition. Consequently, the jackfruit beverage with increasing
chitosan levels regardless of the storage periods and conditions showed an
increasing free radical scavenging activity. The jackfruit beverage with 3g
chitosan stored in refrigerated condition had the highest antioxidant activity
from 421.94 to 470.71 μmol TE/100g after five days of storage. The study
revealed that chitosan when utilized provides stability and consistency to the
jackfruit beverage thereby enhancing its functional properties regardless of
storage conditions. The jackfruit beverage that contains 3 g of crab chitosan
is more stable compared to other treatments and presence of E. coli and
Salmonella has not been detected.
Keywords: crab chitosan, jackfruit pulp, physicochemical properties, antioxidant

activity, and shelf life
FcyRIIB Gene Polymorphism, Periodontitis, Preterm Birth

and Low Birth Weight Infants in Filipino Women
Almira Dulce Garcia-Icaro1 and Maricar W. Ching2
Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry,
1
Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines

2
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School,
Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Periodontitis (PD) affects supporting structures of the teeth1 wherein
products of periodontopathogens travel the body hematogenously, resulting
in probable preterm birth and low birth weight infants (PBLBW)2. Genetic
susceptibility to PD and PBLBW is crucial in its development3,4. FcγRIIB are
IgG-specific receptors in B-lymphocytes, which inhibit cytokine activation,
imperative during inflammation5 This study considered the associations
between PD, PBLBW and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in FcγRIIB
gene in Filipinos. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of a
cohort of 69 Filipino pregnant women in the 3rd trimester for a case-control
study. Pregnancy outcomes were observed and periodontal diagnosis was
established. After DNA quality control procedures, genotypes and alleles
were identified using genome-wide analysis (Illumina® InfiniumTM Global
Screening Array-24v2.0+MultiDiseases BeadChip). Two SNPs identified
were rs12118043 and rs140778333. Mothers with periodontitis have higher
frequency of PBLBW compared to mothers without periodontitis and no
significant association was observed. Genotyping showed no significant risks
of developing periodontitis and PBLBW in rs12118043. Likewise, rs140778333
was not significantly associated with PD and PB. However, T-allele carriers
were at 3.000x risk to deliver LBW infants compared to C-allele carriers and a
significant association was observed (p-value=0.046). Maternal FcγRIIB SNP
rs140778333 was associated with low birth weight infants in T-allele carriers
compared to C-allele carriers. Though statistically insignificant, periodontitis
and PBLBW remain a public health concern in expecting women clinically.
Polymorphisms in immune-related genes continue to predispose women to
either one of the conditions. Clinicians should recognize and manage these
for overall health of mother and infant.
Keywords: FcγRIIB Gene Polymorphism, periodontitis, preterm birth, and low birth
weight infants
Development of Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST)

for Escherichia coli from Various Agricultural Sources for
Food Quality Monitoring
Pierangeli G. Vital1 and Windell L. Rivera1,2
1*
Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines,
Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
2
Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines,
Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Food safety has become a primary public concern and a significant
challenge in both developed and developing countries. Unacceptable rates
of food-borne illnesses remain and new hazards continue to enter the food
supply chain. One of the most common reported food-borne pathogens is
Escherichia coli. Most E. coli are harmless and are actually an important part
of a healthy human intestinal tract. However, some E. coli are pathogenic,
meaning they can cause illness, either diarrhea or illness outside of the
intestinal tract. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), a type of
molecular genotyping technique which measures DNA sequence variations
of a set of housekeeping genes was used. A total of 50 E. coli collected
agricultural isolates and 7 control strains were subcultured and checked for
purity using culture-dependent methods. The control strains composed of
E. coli 0157:H7 (EHEC), E. coli BIOTECH 10054 (EHEC), E. coli ATCC 35401
(ETEC), E. coli ATCC 15597, E. coli CN-13 (nalidixic acid resistant), E. coli
25922, and E. coli strep-amp resistant. All strains were subjected to molecular
analysis using the uidA gene to confirm their identity. Housekeeping genes
used and optimized for this analysis are composed of adenylate kinase
(adk), malate dehydroenase (mdh), fumarate hydratase (fumC), isocitrate
dehydrogenase (icd), and DNA gyrase (gyrB). The eBURST analysis output
for strains of E. coli on MLST database shows that the isolates show two
sequence types. Pathogenic types, EHEC and ETEC were also observed
among the isolates. The protocol developed can address issues on microbial
contamination of fresh produce and provide rapid and accurate identification
benefiting merchants, consumers, and even policy makers.
Keywords: Escherichia coli, food-borne pathogen, food safety, and MLST

Preservation of Economically Important Grouper

(Epinephelus spp.) Spermatozoa at Low
and Ultra-low Temperatures
Peter Palma, Josielou Chan, Joshua Superio,
Gardel Xyza Libunao, Evelyn Grace de Jesus-Ayson,
and Felix Ayson
Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Cryopreservation of grouper spermatozoa has been a vital tool in enhancing
its aquaculture industry. However, this technique primarily relies on the
use of liquid nitrogen which can be expensive and hazardous. Using E.
fuscoguttatus and E. coioides spermatozoa, this study developed alternative
preservation methods at low (4°C) and ultra-low (-80°C) temperatures,
thereby eliminating the need for liquid nitrogen. At 4°C, maximum grouper
sperm motility can be preserved using sucrose solution with osmolality of
450 mOsm and pH 6 to 8. Grouper sperm can be diluted using this extender
solution at 1:1 to 1:4 sperm to extender ratio without affecting its motility. On
the other hand, cryopreservation of grouper sperm can be done at -80°C
while inclusion of Ficoll 70 did not significantly enhance its efficacy. This
study is currently ongoing where more replicate trials are being performed
for both species. Present results suggest that low (4°C) and ultra-low (-80°C)
temperature storage can be a useful alternative for preservation of grouper
spermatozoa.
Keywords: aquaculture, grouper, spermatozoa, preservation, and motility

Levels of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Nickel

and Mercury in Fish and Sediments from Different
Salinity Gradients of Lower Agusan River to Butuan Bay,
Caraga, Philippines
Cresencio C. Cabuga, Jr.1, Rey Y. Capangpangan2,
and Joycelyn C. Jumawan3
General Education Department, ACLC College of Butuan,
1
Agusan del Norte, Philippines

2
Chemistry Department, Caraga State University, Ampayon, Butuan City, Philippines
3
Biology Department, Caraga State University, Ampayon, Butuan City, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Hg in fish and sediments from different
salinity gradients of Lower Agusan River to Butuan Bay, Caraga, Philippines
were determined. The freshwater fishes: Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus
carpio, and Channa striata. Brackish fishes: Johnius borneensis, Pseudocoranx
dentex and Scatophagus argus. Marine fishes: Lutjanus malabaricus,
Nemipterus japonicus and Selar crumenophthalmus. Result shows highest
Cd concentrations (17.5 ± 4.25 ppm) were detected from L. malabaricus, Cr
(26.5 ± 12.87 ppm) from J. borneensis, and Cu (414.17 ± 255.89 ppm) from N.
japonicus. Highest Pb (18.67 ± 3.77 ppm) was detected from S. argus and Ni
(200.17 ± 131.98 ppm) from L. malabaricus. These concentrations were found
to be above the standard values set by FAO, FEPA and WHO (Cd = ≤0.05ppm,
Cr = ≤0.01 ppm, Cu = ≤0.15-1.0 ppm, Pb = ≤0.5 ppm, Ni = ≤2.0 ppm) for
fish. Nonetheless, Hg concentrations were below detection limit in all tested
fish samples. Comparing heavy metal concentrations between diets, overall
concentrations were found highest in piscivores than that of non-piscivores.
In sediments, highest Cr concentrations were found in the order: marine
(98.33 ± 1.16ppm)> freshwater (77.56 ± 0.40 ppm) > brackish (76.67 ±
0.69 ppm) respectively. These concentrations were found to be above the
standard values recommended by US-EPA and WHO which is ≤25 ppm in
soils. Heavy metal concentrations in the muscles of fish species, especially
those having piscivorous diets showed substantial levels exceeding safe
limits and this may pose human health problems with frequent consumption
of contaminated fish from the areas studied.
Keywords: brackish, freshwater, marine, heavy metals, and itchyofauna

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Induced Spawning

of Brackishwater Silver Therapon, Leiopotherapon
plumbeus (Kner, 1864)
Mark Nell C. Corpuz, Mark June S. Consigna,
Marz Linnaeous L. Rabadon, and Adrian Deil C. Manliclic
Center for Research on Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources
in Brackishwater Systems/Institute of Fisheries
College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bataan Peninsula State University
Orani Campus, Bayan, Orani, Bataan 2112, Philippines
ABSTRACT
This study presents data on the induced spawning trials of brackishwater
Leiopotherapon plumbeus (Kner 1864). Broodstock (14.11 ± 1.05 g males,
15.85 ± 2.05 g females at a sex ratio of 1 male : 1 female) were injected
with 4 IU hCG g-1 body weight and held in 20-L spawning aquarium. Water
temperature in tanks were about 27.2–28.3°C. Females from five out of
nine pairs were spawned, with estimated fertilized eggs of approximately
5,000–6,500 adhesive eggs per female. Spawning time was observed to be
from 18 to 24 h after injection. Fertilization rate varied from 75.0–91.11%,
while hatching rate ranged from 94.44–100%. Mean gonadosomatic index
of unspawned specimens ranged from 3.94–9.27% (mean = 7.22 ± 2.54%).
Fertilized eggs were 0.98 ± 0.09 mm in diameter, which exhibited meroblastic
development. Hatching occurred from 20–28 h post fertilization, producing
yolk sac larvae with a total length of 1.19–2.34 mm (mean = 1.98 mm). The
larvae have large elliptical yolk, comprising about 39–42% of the larvae total
length. Yolk was completely absorbed in most specimens after day-3 post-
hatching.
Keywords: ayungin, Bataan, fish larvae, gonadosomatic index, and human chorionic
gonadotrophin
Oral Presentations
Computing Science and Information Technology
ASIAVR: Asian Studies Virtual Reality Game

a Learning Tool
Kenn Migan Vincent Gumonan
ABSTRACT
Learning through the use of technology plays a vital role in the lives of 21st
century students. The study provides lessons that would serve as a learning
tool for Grade 7 students in Asian Studies. The tool has an interactive and
immersive Virtual Reality environment which uses an affordable VR headset,
compatible to at least an android jellybean operating system or higher
smartphones with 4 to 7 inches screen dimension. A task is needed to be
completed in each stage of the game and useful pieces of information are
provided which will help students answer the quiz questions. The quiz score
will be submitted to the online database for the teacher’s reference. The
study provides principles of design theory that would help students learn
better and appreciate Asian Studies in the Virtual Reality environment.
Keywords: virtual reality, mobile game, learning tool, and Asian studies
ARFollow: A Mobile Augmented Reality

Educational Game
Julius C. Abarra1 and Aleta C. Fabregas1,2
1
Graduate School, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila
2
Center for Mathematics, Computing and Information Sciences Research, Institute for
Science and Technology Research, Polytechnic University of the
Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila
ABSTRACT
This paper presents an educational game called ARFollow that can be utilized
by educators as a supplemental learning tool as they facilitate the learning of
their students in different subjects that they teach. ARFollow was developed
with a mindset of creating an educational game that harnesses the power
of augmented reality to promote informal learning through an immersive
and interactive environment that is accessible using mobile devices. This
paper also shows the result of the study emphasizing ARFollow as a highly
acceptable mobile game application in terms of its usability and providing
learning content to the users.
Keywords: mobile augmented reality, educational game, and informal learning

C o m p u t i n g S c i e n c e a n d I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y | 89
A Mobile Augmented Reality for Artifacts Appreciation

Abricam S. Tinga
ABSTRACT
This paper sets to change the conditions of visitor’s experience in artifacts
appreciation using Augmented Reality (AR). In other words, one of the
pressing tasks facing museums today is to overcome the spatial restriction of
museums and the temporal limitations of the artifacts displayed irrespective
of their purposes and return artifacts to their original time periods and
spaces. That is where AR comes in; it tears down the barrier between the
real and virtual worlds and let visitors experience the real temporal and
spatial settings where artifacts originate. This paper utilizes AR via mobile
application (app) in providing variety of solutions to help museums fulfill their
roles and goals. The development of AR as interactive tool for museum use
aid visitors to navigate and explore the area without the help of any curator.
In the conventional ways of exhibition, museum added audio guide, models,
replicas, and moving objects. With these, visitors could get more information
and have more meaningful engagement. At first, information about artifacts
was provided through tiny text description. Next, other information about
artifacts was provided through radio frequency identification (RFID) tag
and portable device. However, this method has several limits. For example,
the artifacts text descriptions and sensors working are limited. Also, the
devices are very expensive and the hardware is difficult to maintain. In other
words, the outcome is temporary in achieving a meaningful appreciation
of artifacts to museum goers. This study of AR for artifacts appreciation in
National Museum used descriptive and developmental research designs.
Primarily, the study aims to find out whether the respondents generally
accept the mobile application which provides museum-goer sufficient
information about artifacts in display using AR. The proponent used non-
probability convenience sampling in selecting the respondents because the
nature of the members of the population is uncertain. The feedback from
the respondents positively indicates that the functions and features of the
developed app are helpful in the learning process. Visitors improved their
appreciation of the displayed artifacts. The researcher recommends that
AR app is to be implemented because it is capable to marginalize all the
challenges encountered in the museum during visitation.
Keywords: mobile augmented reality, educational game, and informal learning

Mapping Siliman University: An Augmented

Reality Campus Tour
Angel Maia Diaz, Sharah Faith Elmaga, Janice Antoniette Forster,
and Arch Baldwin Martinez
Siliman University, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
ABSTRACT
Technology has fundamentally reshaped the way tourism-related information
is distributed and the way people plan for and consume travel. Today, the
world is on the point of a new digital paradigm, and Augmented Reality
(AR) technology is one that makes it possible to creatively layer digital
enhancements over an existing real-life scenario.
Established in 1901, Silliman University (SU) is known as the oldest American-

established university in the Philippines. Home to around 300 international
students from 50 countries and located in Dumaguete City that has a
consistent flow of tourists that increases yearly, SU is one of the prestigious
universities that is rich in history and culture.
A tour to the University is usually assisted by Campus Ambassadors, but

not all the time can they be available. Some tourists also prefer no human
assistance. Thus, an offline mobile application that uses AR was developed to
provide information and aid visitors in navigating, perceiving and educating
tourists on campus and presented an option to translate it in two other
languages, Chinese and Korean.
After its completion using waterfall model, a survey was made among thirty-
one (31) respondents who were oriented and allowed to test the application
before being asked to answer a questionnaire. Results garnered generally
positive results both from the foreign and local respondents indicating that it
has reduced the language barrier and successfully gave them the opportunity
to experience and learn more about SU in some ways that traditional guided
tours cannot provide. Overall, the respondents gave it an excellent rating.
Keywords: augmented reality, digital tourism, and virtual assistant

Gamified Statistics Tutoring System

Esnehara P. Bagundang
Sultan Kudarat State University, Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat
ABSTRACT
In this study, Stat-GamiTutor is a web-based gamified tutoring system that
teaches students to solve basic Statistics word problems. In this application
domain module contains all the information about the specified course.
The tutorial strategy employed in this tutoring system is through providing
a detailed feedback on every student’s attempt to complete tasks on a
problem. Every student’s performance in solving problems are recorded
in the student model module. The gamification elements employed are use
of avatar and badges, point system, progression and leaderboard. In the
user interface, Motion UI was employed through adding basic animation
effects for added appeal on certain pages of the system. The evaluation on
system performance shows that it is functional, usable and portable as it can
be accessed easily. In terms of user’s engagement experience evaluation,
it shows that users find the system enjoyable, engaging and makes solving
statistics problems fun.
Keywords: Intelligent Tutoring System, gamification, statistics, Motion UI

Design and Development of Online Portal

for Mt. Hamiguitan Range
Bernadette J. Nanual, Lanie B. Laureano, Dony C. Dongiapon,
Ar-Jay R. Sacay, and Wilkin Simo
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology, Mati, Davao Oriental
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to develop an online portal for Mt. Hamiguitan Range (MHR)
that will contain MHR research outputs for public information and education.
The study used the Agile Development in planning, creating, deploying and
testing the portal. CodeIgniter PHP framework was utilized in the development
and MySQL as the database and web hosting services for its deployment.
The portal is capable of administrator functions such as managing records of
species, researches, events, articles and article comments as well as users. It
features easy site navigation for the general public in viewing and searching
the information about different species, researches and articles. An adapted
questionnaire was used for the usability evaluation of the portal. Based on
the results, the users perceived that the portal was easy to use and navigate,
well designed and visually appealing. Furthermore, they perceived also that
the content of the portal met their expectations and the terminologies used
are clear and that they would likely to use it frequently. The user feedback
will be the basis for the portal’s continuous improvement.
Keywords: Mt. Hamiguitan, online portal, biodiversity, Davao Oriental

A Segmentation Technique for Lettuce Crops using Pixels

and Histogram Thresholding
Pocholo James M. Loresco1 and Elmer Dadios2
1
Far Eastern University Institute of Technology
2
De La Salle University
ABSTRACT
Segmentation is one of the significant requirements of efficient computer
vision applied in plant growth monitoring. Existing segmentation techniques
have their own merits, however should be selected for a specific situation
with respect to varying plant environment. In this paper, a lettuce crop
segmentation in hydroponics environment by using Histogram thresholding
and Super pixels is proposed, which can classify lettuce plant and background
from images taken at a smart farm hydroponics setup. Lab color information
of the image extracted from a training image dataset undergo two-level
thresholding and K-means clustering thru Super pixels to identify each pixel
class. Experimental testing results demonstrate an improved performance
in segmentation in terms of sensitivity, precision, and F1-score.
Keywords: histogram thresholding, k-means clustering, lettuce segmentation super

pixels, and simple linear iterative clustering algorithm
An Enhanced Memory-Based Collaborative Filtering

Algorithm based on User Similarity
for Recommender System
Ramil G. Lumauag1, Ariel M. Sison2, and Ruji P. Medina1
1
Technological Institute of the Philippines-Quezon City
2
Emilio Aguinaldo College-Manila
ABSTRACT
With the huge amount of information available on the Internet,
recommendation systems gained popularity over the years. Traditional
recommendation algorithm usually uses collaborative filtering to determine
user and item similarity. However, data sparsity and overfitting affect the
accuracy of the recommendation systems that lead to poor recommendation
quality. This paper presents an enhanced memory-based collaborative
algorithm by formulating a similarity measure to identify the number of
co-rated items and compute user similarity to overcome data sparsity
and overfitting problem and improve the recommendation quality. The
enhanced algorithm was compared to the traditional algorithm using the
MovieLens dataset and evaluated its accuracy and performance using the
Root Mean Square Error (RSME), Precision and Recall. The experimental
results show that the enhanced algorithm outperforms the traditional
algorithm and improves the accuracy of the recommendation.
Keywords: collaborative filtering algorithm, recommender systems, and memory-

based collaborative filtering
OCR Based Automated Evaluation of Test Questionnaires

with Item Analysis
Ma. Graciela Vic C. Elape and Takeyasu V. Nakazato
Caraga State University
ABSTRACT
Educators have long been using written examination in assessing students’
performances. Even if there are already available online platforms made to
automate examination and evaluation, there are still valid reasons for not
adopting them. With the advent of new technology like image processing,
automation can be done in order to minimize the time consumed in checking
huge number of test questionnaires. Basically, the system was designed to
recognize handwritten answers from the test questionnaires which can be
generated by the system through a desktop application. The types to test
that the system can cater is limited to multiple choice and true or false only.
In order to obtain the desired results, several optical character recognition
(OCR) techniques for image enhancement like grayscale conversion and
histogram equalization, OpenCV for cropping the areas of interest, and
Tesseract for character recognition were applied in order to match the
student’s answers from the teacher’s answer key. Item analysis report can
also be generated after evaluating all the answered test questionnaires. After
testing a total of 500 test questionnaires, the system was able to provide high
scoring accuracy with a few number of recorded errors. The researchers
conclude that the system can significantly help the teachers to save time,
increase efficiency and improve the productivity of various exam setting and
evaluation process.
Keywords: optical character recognition, tesseract, OpenCV, image processing, and

evaluation
Profit Performance Analysis of Entrepreneurial Projects

of Sultan Kudarat State University
Roma Amor M. Castromayor and Melecio A. Cordero, Jr.
ABSTRACT
Financial performance is a subjective measure of how well a firm can use
assets from its primary mode of business and generate revenues. Profit,
whether net or gross is an efficient indicator of most business entities or
organizations to monitor their performance.The most important requirements
in the analysis of the profit performance are the consistency and timeliness
of data. This project was conducted to analyze the profit performance of
the entrepreneurial projects particularly the production of palm oil, space
rentals and school bus services. Specifically, it sought to describe the trends
of the profit of those projects, predict its profit behavior, and determine the
viability of the project. It involves the development of a system that provides
graphical description of the monthly, quarterly and yearly profit of different
entrepreneurial projects in the University. The system involves predictive
analysis of data using multiple linear regression. A model was formulated
in this project to predict the profit of different entrepreneurial projects. This
model includes the independent variables that are considered as the major
determinants of the profits. Tests were made and it shows that the model is
valid in predicting the profit. Further, the system was also able to determine
the viability of the profit performance.
Keywords: entrepreneurial projects, predictive analysis, project viability

Alexa-Pi: An AI Virtual Assistant with Face Recognition

and Motion Tracker
Daryll A. Cabagay
ACLC College of Butuan
ABSTRACT
This research was developed primarily to improve quality of education
and learning process. A tiny single board computer connected to audio
peripherals such as USB microphone and speaker with 3.5-millimeter
audio jack and Amazon’s Alexa Voice Service (AVS) were utilized to build
an innovated, enhanced and customized Amazon Echo. Optimized OpenCV
library was applied and built to the Raspberry Pi’s four cores to leverage
when compiling OpenCV allowing it to compile faster. Local Binary Patterns
Histograms (LBPH) face recognizer algorithm was used for recognizing
the face of the authorized personnel who will activate the virtual assistant.
The training data of the authorized personnel along with their labels detect
faces from each image and assign each detected face an integer label of the
person to whom the image belongs and was saved in the SQLite database.
Train the OpenCV’s LBPH recognizer by feeding the data supplied by the
authorized personnel. Introduce test images to face recognizer and validate
if it predicts them correctly. Result shows that there are some utterances
Alexa cannot recognize due to affecting factors such as the compatibility of
peripherals used, distance, internet connection and the user’s pronunciation.
It also shows that the developed and improved innovation is better and
cheaper than the existing one.
Keywords: innovation, face recognition, and virtual assistant

FIESTA: A New Computational Chemistry Software

Han Ung Lee, Hayan Lee, and Wilfredo Credo Chung
Philippine Normal University
ABSTRACT
FIESTA – the Filipino Initiative on Electronic Structure Theory and
Applications – a new computational chemistry software is developed. The
new software is capable of doing ground-state, self-consistent field (SCF)
single-point restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) calculation of polyelectronic and
polyatomic systems using the Slater-type orbital basis set STO-3G. The new
program implements well-known quantum mechanical theories for practical
calculations. FIESTA is written using two programming languages, namely C
and FORTRAN. It is accurate and user-friendly. It runs efficiently under the
Linux operating system and is able to reproduce the energies calculated
using well-established standard quantum chemical software products
Gaussian, Firefly and Molpro. To the proponents’ knowledge, FIESTA is the
first and only molecular modelling software developed in the Philippines to
date. The software will be extended to calculate the properties of systems
such as atoms, molecules, ions and formula units using more sophisticated
basis sets and quantum mechanical techniques.
Keywords: self-consistent field, Restricted Hartree-Fock, FORTRAN, C-Language, and

molecular modelling
Analysis of Geographical Locators: An Issue

of Privacy and Consistency
Mary Joy A. Delos Trinos and Jasmin D. Niguidula
Palawan State University
ABSTRACT
Information on Internet Protocol (IP) Geolocation plays an important
role in Information Technology related security platforms, support and
network services. Through the evolution of different algorithm methods in
geographical location and geographic information system, combination of
numerous algorithms and combined techniques and methods are applied
to produce efficient and accurate results. This paper explores, examines,
experiments different IP tracker, Tracer, locator and generator tools to
compare similar results among different tools for IP Address.
Keywords: algorithm (A*, dijkstra, load balancing), information theory, IP geolocation,

IP tracker, and IP locator
100 | I S T E C 2 0 1 9 B o o k o f A b s t r a c t s
Portable Neural Network Model with EFPV-Image

Processing Algorithm
Allan C. Taracatac and Ricardo Q. Camungao
Isabela State University, Echague Campus, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Countries like the Philippines are considered as Malthusian areas, where
the very rapid rate of population growth tends to outrun the capacity to
produce food. More than 90% of the world’s rice is grown and consumed in
Asia where 60% of the earth’s people live. Insect pest caused maximum loss
in seed yield 27.9 percent. Destructive rice insects in the Philippines have
inflicted an estimated P17.87 million damage. On a per hectare basis, the
pest can cause a yield loss of 10- 50% or more on rice. There is a need to
develop an automated system for real-time rice insect pest identification and
quantification as decision support for rice farmers. Moreover, this paper opts
to address the (1) development of prototype using portable neural network
with EFPV-image processing algorithm, and (2) simulate the functionalities
of the prototype for rice insect classification and quantification (RICQ).
The portable neural network model using EFPV-image processing algorithm
endowed to demonstrate a long range and real-time implementation of
remote image processing with deep artificial neural network for agricultural
application. It is an alternative to cloud computing for areas with slow to no
internet connection wherein the core requirement for cloud computing is a
pressing concern to most rural areas in the Philippines.
The system prototype presented was tested in actual environment for insect
classification and abled to sum up all rice pest insect per class. However, the
system was having difficulty in detecting tiny insects such as leafhoppers due
to camera limitation. The prototype can also be used for other application by
simply changing the frozen model and label map.
With the test results acquired from the developed system, it will offer
significant constructive contribution to the decision competence of Filipino
rice farmers in terms of what and when insecticide is essential.
Keywords: EFPV, Image Processing, deep artificial neural network, frozen model,
label map
Barcode-Based Vehicle Parking Security System

Edward Panganiban and Jenefer Bermusa
Isabela State University
ABSTRACT
The world today is full of innovations. Every year, people can see and
discover different inventions such as in gadgets, machines, electronics,
and many others which are timely in this generation which makes these
inventions to become life easier. Technology is mostly used every day by
people in school, work and offices. Through this, the authors established a
paper which applied a technology for parking of vehicles. Vehicles are used
to go to school, works, malls, and every place people want to go. Parking
a car has always been a problem to the people, especially in the crowded
cities. Sometimes it is not always safe to just leave your vehicle in the
parking lot because there are people who can use a tool to steal a vehicle,
and that the security guard will not recognize who the real owner is. With
these problems, the researchers came up with an idea, which is to develop
a system entitled “Barcode-based Vehicle Parking Security System”. The
main purpose of the system is to secure, organize and monitor the parking
area. The researchers developed the system based from the conceptual
framework and system architecture established after determining the issues
in the existing problem. The researchers used alpha, beta, and acceptance
testing in order to test the functionality of the system. The functionalities of
the system were conducted that serve as testing processes. During the pilot
test, the respondents rated the system into “strongly agree” description in
terms of its functionality, reliability and usability which confirmed that the
system accomplished its objectives.
Keywords: barcode-based vehicle, parking security system, and technology

Decision Support System of Route Scheduling

for Logistics Company
Ricky R. Tepora
ABSTRACT
The development of Decision Support System of Route Scheduling for Logistics
Company aimed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the route scheduling,
monitoring of deliveries, and status of workloads and reports. The application used
Google API that supports the actual map and the direction between the origin and the
destination and gives the estimated time travel by the user and Global Positioning
System for tracking a location. The software used to develop the system was Android
Studio application that serve as IDE, PHP, JQuery & Native JavaScript and SASS
(Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets) for web. The proposed system will run in an
android mobile phone that has a built-in GPS. There is also a web-based application for
the organization. The study aims to develop a system that will address the issues and
challenges encountered by the respondents in the existing process of route scheduling
of logistics in terms of arranging the route schedule and time management mapping
of the courier destination. The software methodology used to the study is the Feature
Driven Development Methodology. The researcher has evaluated the effectiveness of
the system by selecting 50 respondents consisting of manager, office personnel and
forwarders (courier, rider, field personnel).
Keywords: logistics, route scheduling, and decision support system

Automotive Industry Mobile Service Desk Management

System with Infographics Video Knowledge
Management Components
Mary Grace Z. Danao1 and Aleta C. Fabregas1, 2
Graduate School, Polytechnic University of the Philippines
1
2
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this study was to develop Automotive Industry Mobile
Service Desk Management System with Infographics Video Knowledge
Management Components to improve the current I.T. Service Desk
Management System of I.T. Support and Concerns of the Automotive Industry.
Descriptive research method, employing a questionnaire and documentary
analysis were used in the conduct of the study. A total of 30 respondents were
chosen using the purposive convenient sampling by picking out Information
Technology Division specialists and employee/end-users from automotive
industry composed of 10 Information Technology Specialists and 20
employee /end-users in the automotive industry during the period when the
evaluation questionnaires were distributed and answered through Google
docs. After conducting the survey and evaluation, the researcher came up
with the following results: The major challenges and/or issues encountered
by 30 respondents in current Automotive Service Desk Management System
in terms of I.T. support were repetitive request of end-users which can be
done if there’s a manual guide, long-resolution response and lack of I.T.
support resource. These were identified as challenges between Information
Technology Division and employee/end-users on automotive industry.
Keywords: knowledge management, service desk management system, automotive

industry, information technology
Android-based Rice Variety Classifier (ARVAC) using

Convolutional Neural Network
Erwil David A. Pasion and Joe G. Lagarteja
ABSTRACT
Rice is the world’s most important cereal. It constitutes the world’s guideline
source of nourishment, being the essential grain for the planet’s most
significant populace. It is the staple nourishment and source of dietary vitality
and protein. Within the current grain-handling frameworks, grain sort and
quality are evaluated by the merely visual review. This assessment handle, be
that as it may, is dull and time-consuming. Decision-making capabilities can
be genuinely influenced by physical conditions such as weakness in vision,
the mental state caused by predispositions and work weight, and working
condition such as a disgraceful lighting condition. In this paper, an Android-
based image recognition system using Convolutional Neural Network was
used as a new method to classify and identify rice variety in terms of visual
features such as size, color, shape, and texture of the seeds. Fifty (50) rice
samples having eleven (11) rice varieties were used in the study for testing.
Results of the study show an overall accuracy rate of 93.8%. Such high
accuracy rate confirms that the Android-based Rice Variety Classifier can be
used as a tool for classifying rice grains.
Keywords: rice, CNN, MobileNet, and android

A Tourists’ Decision Support System (DSS) Framework for

Tourist Travelers using Analytical Hierarchy Process
Ma. Esther B. Chio
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines
ABSTRACT
This study developed a tourists’ decision support system (DSS) framework
by providing would-be travelers with advanced information on the various
amenities and activities that can be enjoyed within and around pre-
determined tourist locations in Region X. It aims to assist tourists in planning
their visits to tourist attraction destinations while considering their various
preferences and budget constraints. The study makes use of the analytic
hierarchy process (AHP), an optimization tool for multi-criteria decision-
making, in order to determine the preferences of tourists while considering
their budget and sightseeing preferences. An optimization model is
then formulated to determine the optimal travel cost for each travel plan.
Randomly selected tourists were interviewed to determine the usual travel
budget and the activities and amenities which they usually seek among their
places of interest (POI). Officials from the Department of Tourism (DOT) were
also requested to provide additional inputs in order to come up with a more
realistic method for assessing the ranks among criteria and alternatives of
tourist farms so that a better decision- making may be made by travelers. The
system developed in this study integrates essential planning information to
travelers and allows travelers to plan ahead while considering the tourists’
budget constraints before going out for a selected destination. After a series
of evaluation and modification of the system, it was evaluated according to
its usability and functionality by randomly selected would-be tourists which
yielded high satisfaction rating.
Keywords: decision support system, multiple criteria decision-making, optimization,

and travel assistant
Food Park Recommender System with Frequent Item Set

Based Recommendation using Clustering Analysis
and Apriori Algorithm
Francis G. Balazon and Jayson A. Balayantoc
Batangas State University
ABSTRACT
Over the course of time, data alone has no significance unless pertinent
information is processed and extracted. Today, many organizations are
collecting, storing, and analyzing enormous amounts of data. This data is
commonly referred to as big data, because of its quantity, the speed with
which it arrives, and the range of forms it takes. To be able to achieve
excellent customer satisfaction, through food data analytics, the researchers
decided to move toward in collecting (data acquisition) and processing
(data pre-processing) data from a chosen food park in Batangas City.
Furthermore, this study aimed to make frequent items-based

recommendations using clustering analysis on buying patterns to food park
management and display the results of the data analysis in the form of a
dashboard or charts which is easily understood by the business stakeholders.
In connection to this, data analytics are also included in forecasting the
entire sales, analyzing classified items, number of transactions done per day,
types of transactions and products sold, and most importantly, the customer
buying/purchased item. This shows that in an ever-changing business,
analytics gives businesses the edge in recognizing the behavior of the
customers so they can take initiate appropriate action to stay competitive.
To analyze the data from the customer’s purchase items, the researchers’
method mainly used clustering analysis and association rule mining through
Apriori Algorithm.
To see the errors of the system, the researchers evaluated the system by a
series of testing, and it was proven to be a functional and helpful system.
Keywords: recommender system, clustering analysis, apriori, and big data

Wearable Blood Pressure Monitoring Device

with SMS Notification
Edward Panganiban1, Michelle Caranguian2, Krizel Cortado2,
Mark Louie Oriente2, and Nicole Petalcorin2
1
Isabela State University,
2
AMA Computer College Santiago
ABSTRACT
Blood pressure (BP) is one of the vital signs measured in a patient during
a medical check-up. Abnormality in BP values is an indication or symptom
in most cardiovascular diseases. For the past years, innovations were
established in dealing with the measurement of BP. In this paper, the
researchers presented a wearable blood pressure monitoring device with
SMS notification. Its design and processes were explained in the paper to
further demonstrate the content of research. This paper aimed to determine
whether the prototype is reliable enough with a novel approach for blood
pressure monitoring purposes. The project is a device worn in a wrist using
a microcontroller, battery and a cuff. The patient has a mobile app installed
in his/her mobile phone. Information should be entered in the mobile app
such as contact number and the normal blood pressure of the patient. The
mobile phone is connected to the wearable device through Bluetooth. The
user or patient will have to wait 5 minutes before the blood pressure will start
measuring. This is to let the patient rest for a while. A beep sound indicates
when the device starts measuring. After 10 seconds, the cuff will inflate and
another 30 seconds time is intended for the blood pressure measurement.
The measured value is displayed on the mobile app, and then sends SMS
only if the patient’s BP is higher than normal. Its design is a microcontroller-
based project, equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) module to
be able to locate the user, a Bluetooth module to be able to connect to a
smart phone installed with the Blood Pressure Monitoring App. The device
was carefully programmed and tested to ensure its workability.
Keywords: blood pressure, microcontroller, mobile app, SMS, bluetooth module, GPS
Laguna’s Manlalakbay: An Android Application

for Tourist in Laguna using Geo-Mapping
and Decision Support System Technology
Francis Balahadia, Marco Octia, Oliver Comia and Eris Garcia
Laguna State Polytechnic University, Siniloan Campus
ABSTRACT
Developments in technology have made information more easily accessible
to anyone who owns a mobile device. Travelers can go anywhere in the
world and have instant information about places they visit at their fingertips.
Governments and other organizations worldwide have taken advantage of
this trend in promoting tourism in their countries. The province of Laguna
in the Philippines is replete with scenic locations that can potentially attract
tourists from all over the globe. To help promote tourism in the province,
the proponents of this study developed a mobile app entitled Laguna’s
Manlalakbay: An Android Application for Tourists in Laguna using Geo-
Mapping and Decision Support System Technology. The app was designed
as an offline data bank that provides information about tourist spots in the
province and has a Google Maps integration that enables the user to retrieve
location, transportation and other relevant information when connected to the
Internet. The Scrum Agile Development methodology was used in designing
and building the application because it speeds up completion of the project
through iterative development and continuous customer feedback. The app
was evaluated using ISO 25010 standards through a survey distributed to 150
respondents. The respondents were asked to answer the questions on the
survey using a 5-point Likert-type scale with 5 being the highest (Excellent)
and 1 the lowest (Needs Improvement). The overall result (weighted mean
= 3.635) indicated that the application has achieved a “Very Good” rating
and has met the objectives of the project. Further improvements are
recommended such as creating a version of the app that will run on the iOS
platform, using a more interactive map of Laguna, and adding more useful
information for travelers using public transportation.
Keywords: android application, information and communication technologies,

mobile application, mobile tourism app, geo-mapping, decision support
system, search engine, social networking site, and itinerary
MARKETCART: Development of Mobile-Based Selling

and Management System for Small
and Medium Enterprises
Clemencia Dela Cruz, and Francis Balahadia
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ABSTRACT
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are at the forefront of economies
today, especially in developing countries like the Philippines. Technology has
played a key role in creating this trend, with more and more entrepreneurs
leveraging the increasing capabilities of mobile devices and the internet
in running their businesses. However, SMEs are hampered by the need to
address issues such as productivity monitoring and network and data security,
given the large competition in the mobile market nowadays. The proponents
of this study have developed Market Cart to provide SMEs with a platform
for selling their products and managing their transactions with customers
and suppliers. This mobile e-commerce application for Android devices
incorporates features such as geo-mapping, reward points system, and a
decision support system, among others, to provide all-around support for
both the entrepreneur and the customer. The Object-Oriented Methodology
Process was adopted in the development of the system. The system was
evaluated by 160 respondents by answering a survey based on ISO 25010
standards. The survey employed a 5-point Likert-type scale with 5 being
the highest and 1 the lowest score. The system achieved an overall rating of
‘Very Good’ (grand mean=3.49), indicating that it has passed functionality
testing and has met the research objectives. Further improvements such as
adding gamification and enhancing the decision support system, as well as
enabling confirmation of registration via the new users’ Google accounts are
suggested.
Keywords: fire incident, spatio-temporal, KDD, fire reports, fire management, and
Manila
Web-Based Student Grades Monitoring and Evaluation

System with Data Analytics and SMS Notification
for a Public University
Lalaine Josefa L. Carrao1 and Aleta C. Fabregas1, 2
Graduate School, Polytechnic University of the Philippines
1
2
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the Web-Based Student Grades Monitoring and
Evaluation System with Data Analytics and SMS Notification for a Public
University which is aimed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of
the monitoring and evaluation of grades of students; especially, graduating
students. This study identified the challenges encountered by the existing
student grades monitoring and evaluation process in a public university to
evaluate the proposed system in terms of its functionality, usability, reliability
and accessibility. This paper also shows the role of Data Analytics using the
Decision Tree Algorithm in terms of evaluating and presenting statistical
reports that serve as the university’s basis for planning and for offering
more efficient services. The SMS is for notification purpose which helps the
university in disseminating the needed information to the administrators,
record management staff, faculty and students in a more convenient manner.
Keywords: monitoring and evaluation system, Data Analytics, and SMS notification
Agusan River Flood Monitoring using Raspberry

Pi with SMS Advisory
Mario B. Caday, Crisanto H. Pornia, Jomark T. Domiquel,
John Lyndon B. Cabuyoc, and Charlyn Phil Rose T. Caoile
AMA Computer Learning Center, College of Butuan
ABSTRACT
Agusan River Flood Monitoring using Raspberry Pi with SMS Advisory has
been developed to give warning and to help the residents of the affected
barangays because Butuan City is prone to flooding during rainy season.
This study focuses only on the water level detection and early warning
system (via SMS) that alerts affected residents for a potential flood event and
gives the address of the nearest evacuation center in their area. Furthermore,
inquiry was also included in this study to become more interactive wherein
individuals in the community could inquire the actual water level status
and the residents can also turn on and off the SMS notification alert through
SMS keyword. Using System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) as a method
in making the software was very useful and helpful in identifying errors
during the development. The following technologies like Raspberry Pi 3 B+,
Ultrasonic Sensor, and GSM are used in making the prototype. The proponent
conducted a survey for the software quality of the system to the affected
barangay and yielded a result that was highly-acceptable based on the total
mean obtained of 4.52. The software was indeed useful to the residents who
live in the flood prone area because it helped them evacuate early before the
situation got worse. This eliminated the manual way of detecting the water
level of the flood and the late receiving of SMS warnings of the residents. It
was relevant and important for the safety and welfare of the community.
Keywords: flood monitoring, raspberry Pi, top-down approach, and Butuan City
A Mobile Application Using Convolutional Neural

Networks (CNN) for Detecting Rice
Plant Disease and Pests
Marc Anthony B. Reyes, Ricky D. Bantonare, Cristina Amor T. Cajilla,
and Paul Arnold M. Simbajon
Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan
ABSTRACT
The study explored and utilized Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to
develop a mobile application that will detect and map rice plant diseases
and infestations. The current study was carried out to develop a mobile and
portable laboratory to supplement traditional pest and disease management
techniques of rice farmers. The researchers gathered images of common
rice plant diseases and infestations in Opol, Misamis Oriental from a data
provided by Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice). The images were
pre-processed and augmented, and an 80%-20% train-validation data
distribution was employed. Transfer learning was used to retrain MobileNet
v2, Inception v3, and Inception ResNet v3 architectures using TensorFlow and
Google Cloud Platform ML Engine. During the training process, accuracy,
cross entropy, precision, recall, and F1 score were recorded. Inception
ResNet v3 has the highest accuracy of 97.79% among the two other CNN
architectures and its retrained model was used for mobile classification. The
findings indicated that the mobile application developed was useful with
an SUS average score of 70.5. Cronbach’s Alpha was also used to measure
reliability of questionnaire. The SUS questionnaire garnered a Cronbach’s
Alpha of 0.710 which is a reliable score.
Keywords: deep learning, machine learning, CNN, inception, inception resnet,

mobilenet, rice plant, pathology, diseases, infestations, detection, and
mobile application
ICTeachMUPO: An Evaluation of Information E-Learning

Module System for Faculty and Students
Flaviano L. Urera Jr. and Francis F. Balahadia
ABSTRACT
This study explored the utilization of ICT tools in developing ICTeachMUPO,
an online information e-learning module system that was designed to support
the academic needs of both teachers and students. The system includes a
learning platform where teachers and students can engage interactively and
also provides tools for monitoring learning progress. The developmental
methodology was adopted in designing and creating the system. The
study also employed the descriptive method of research in the evaluation
of the system based on its functionality, usability, reliability, performance,
security, compatibility and supportability to its users. Judgment or purposive
sampling was employed in selecting the respondents (n=113) of the
evaluation survey, which was based on ISO 25010 standards. Results indicate
that several of the factors evaluated have demonstrated significant to highly
significant relationships with demographic variables such as age, gender,
and college/department of the respondents. The overall performance of the
system attained a high reliability score of 0.945 (n=32), which indicates that
the system has met the functionality requirements specified by the author.
Based on these findings, the author recommends that faculty members/
teachers and students conduct an ICT training capability to take advantage
of this learning management system. Administration and school officials
may provide support in terms of accessibility of facilities, higher internet
bandwidth allocation and better network infrastructure. Further research
may be conducted using other variables and taking another direction such
as assessing the learning outcome of the students after using the system.
Keywords: ICT, ISO 25010 Standard, module system, e-learning, educational training,
faculty and student
Incorporating Predictive Analytics on Student

Assessment System for Students
of Senior High School
Sherilyn Buban-Usero
ABSTRACT
The main aim of this study was to develop a tool that incorporates predictive
analytics on students of senior high school. The developed tool is for
senior high school teachers to identify students who need motivation and
intervention. Moreover, this research will help the students to improve
their grades in class and at the same time help the parents by letting them
know the status of their children in the class. In addition, this will be one
way of intervention for the student’s assessment that will keep track on the
performance of the student. The researcher made use of the “Improving
your Study Habits” evaluation from Pennsylvania Higher Education Agency,
generated the students’ midterm grades and conducted evaluation about
their family status. These are the attributes in predicting analysis if the student
passed, failed or about to fail the subject. The researcher also tests the level
of acceptability of the respondents using ISO 9126 software quality model.
The developed software will also show whom among students will top the
class and at the same time identify students who need intervention meaning
student or those who are perceived to get a failing grade. The guardian/
parents will receive an email or SMS. The researcher utilized the Naïve Bayes
classifier as it was used to predict the probability based on various attribute
and the Fuzzy logic algorithm for the pass or fail remarks. The researcher
employed descriptive research through survey to identify the perceptions of
the respondents and evaluated the tool. The overall accuracy yielded a very
high accuracy using the error analysis and the respondents’ overall feedback
in terms of functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, and maintainability
are highly acceptable.
Keywords: predictive, naïve bayes classifiers, and fuzzy logic

Strengthening BASC Students’ Academic Performance

using Education-Based Social Networking Site
Michelle M. Cortez, Russel Amira H. Balacania,
Ma. Melanie A. Cruz, and Alfredo L. Taluban, Jr.
Bulacan Agricultural State College
ABSTRACT
Today’s teaching and learning process among digital native students are
not just inside their classrooms. Many platforms emerged which aid in
this process, especially with the use of Information and Communications
Technology (ICT). Edmodo, as an education-based social networking site
effectively provides a space for communication, virtual collaboration, and
organization of different digital resources. Although it is a Facebook-like
platform, its functionality is not yet prevalent in the Bulacan Agricultural
State College (BASC) setting and similarly with other institutions. Thus, this
research aimed to determine the academic performance among students
who are exposed to education-based social networking sites (SNS) and
students who are not; evaluate the students’ academic performance
after using education-based SNS; and assess the students’ readiness in
using education-based SNS. The result showed that there is no significant
difference between the academic performance of students exposed to
Edmodo and those who are not. Whether exposed or not, Edmodo alone
cannot strengthen a student’s class performance. Thus, other factors have
emerged that affected the student’s class performance such as their study
habits and SNS usage. However, Edmodo as where it is best suited should
also be identified. The study revealed that BASC students are ready to utilize
Edmodo in their different classes. Some of the factors which were considered
are their responses in using Edmodo, their problems encountered while
using it, and their access to the internet.
Keywords: Edmodo, SNS (Social Networking Site), Information and Communications

Technology (ICT)
Intelligent Faculty Scheduling System
Rachel Nayre, Marie Annthonite Buena, Michael John Ducut,

Karl Maliwat, and Dennin Elizabeth Mendiola
ABSTRACT
The project Intelligent Faculty Scheduling System is used primarily to assist
the person in charge in terms of scheduling. The proponents used the Rule-
Based Algorithm in creating the schedules. It has two major sub-modules:
The first one creates and manages faculty and section schedules while the
other one handles services of faculty members to other colleges. The system
also has functionalities such as curriculum, section and faculty management,
among others. It also generates reports such as section offerings, weekly
faculty and section schedules and faculty teaching loads. The project was
an initiative of the team’s technical adviser and was later on pushed through
for this subject. With the help of the team’s technical adviser, the college’s
chairperson and other faculty members, the team was able to collate all
necessary information with regards to faculty scheduling. The team went
through a series of interviews with the chairperson in order to be familiar
with the business rules of the university itself with regard to scheduling.
Some of the team members have watched the chairperson plot schedules
for a semester to know the steps and how to deal with schedule constraints.
The team also coordinated with the faculty-in-charge in order to come up
with the best modeling techniques and brainstormed to find out what the
real problem is and how this system would be able to solve it. After the
development of the system, the team was able to conduct usability surveys
and initiate UAT. The results concluded that the system is functioning
appropriately and is delivering reliable results.
Keywords: rule-based algorithm, scheduling, and management

Enhancing the Faculty Evaluation System

of the University of Southern Mindanao
Ryan Z. Gonzaga and Melecio A. Cordero, Jr.
ABSTRACT
The project was conducted in an attempt to enhance the current procedure
in conducting faculty performance evaluation in University of Southern
Mindanao in Kabacan, Cotabato. Faculty evaluation is both a development
process and reviewing process. In most of the learning institutions, faculty
performance evaluation is an effective tool to measure and to determine
the effectiveness of the faculty member vis-a-vis the functions as a teacher
to his students and as a worker to his colleagues. In most cases, the result
of evaluation is used to justify the promotion and tenure of the faculty
member. This paper presents how the manual procedure in evaluating the
faculty can be innovated by designing and developing a computer-based
faculty evaluation system. The system is designed to be fully-functional,
reliable, usable, and portable so that it can be a replacement to the existing
one. Essentially, the process in the system is data-driven. It is designed to
provide a facility for Human Resource Management and Development Office
(HRMDO) of the University to fully manage the system and for the users to
facilitate the evaluation procedure efficiently and conveniently. Moreover,
the system provides better security of information since evaluation results
are given high degree of confidentiality. All of these were encapsulated in
one system comprised of several working modules to generate the results of
faculty evaluation more conveniently.
Keywords: information systems, faculty evaluation system, and faculty performance

evaluation
Oral Presentations
Mathematics and Statistics
Application of Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Knowledge

Discovery for Databases in Bureau of Fire Protection
Incident Report in the City of Manila: Tool for Improving
Services and Fire Management System
Francis F. Balahadia, Albert Vinluan, Dennis B. Gonzales,
Melvin Ballera and Shirley D. Moraga
ABSTRACT
Fire incident is increasing which affects the environment, economy and
lives of the people. Its occurrence is very alarming especially to the densely
populated area in Manila. The aim of this study is to contribute to the fire
research by developing a fire report management system for the Bureau
of Fire Protection that can analyze the characteristics of spatio-temporal
attribute of fire, and apply Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) to
determine pattern of fire in the city of Manila. The collected data are from
the Bureau of Fire and Protection Headquarter Manila with total of 3,506 fire
incidents during the six-year period from 2011 to 2016. The research also
will undergo the different phases of software development model of Agile.
The overall record is 3,506 fire incidents included in analyzing the spatio-
temporal characteristic of fire and apply the different procedures of KDD to
determine pattern of fire and discover information on how to prevent and
lessen the fire occurrence in Manila. In the application of KDD the building
of model is the major activity to be integrated in the proposed system. The
development of proposed system can serve as basis in assessing the risk
of possible fire incidence in certain areas in Manila, formulate strategic
allocation of fire resources and personnel, improve the awareness of both
community and fire officials about fire occurrences and contribute in the
sustainable development of the community and country.
Keywords: fire incident, spatio-temporal, KDD, fire reports, fire management, and
Manila
M a t h e m a t i c s a n d S t a t i s t i c s | 119
A Seating Plan Optimization in a Wedding Reception

Using Genetic Algorithm
Prince Richmond Y. Ang1, Erica Jane B. Bobis2, Jude Samuel B. Escol3,
Harvey T. Laag4, Edgie Ace T. Pojadas5, and Kent Harvey P. Sabuero6
1
Computer Science Unit, Philippine Science High School
2
Computer Science Guild, AMA Computer Learning Center, College of Butuan
3
Computer Science Unit, Philippine Science High School
4
ACLC Computer Technical Specialist Organization Member
5
Software Technical Unit, AMA Computer Learning Center, College of Butuan
6
ACLC Designers and Skilled Students Senior Member
ABSTRACT
Genetic algorithm (GA) is an optimization technique for searching very
large spaces that models the role of the genetic material in living organisms.
A small population of individual exemplars can effectively search a large
space because they contain schemata, useful substructures that can be
potentially combined to make fitter individuals. Formal studies of competing
schemata show that the best policy for replicating them is to increase them
exponentially according to their relative fitness. This turns out to be the
policy used by genetic algorithms. Fitness is determined by examining a
large number of individual fitness cases. This process can be very efficient
if the fitness cases also evolve by their own GAs. This study aimed to focus
on creating seating plan which wedding organizers considered as one of the
difficult tasks in wedding planning. Genetic Algorithm has been used in many
fields of optimization which the researchers believed can do much more in
the field of Seating Arrangement. It can also create a model that is consisted
of optimization techniques which can produce a nearly optimal seating
plan and can be presented via 3D simulation. It has been hypothesized that
Genetic Algorithm is capable of processing the inputted name of guests and
their relationships through the main principles of biological evolution. In
addition, the researchers faced many challenges in terms of development
and implementation of the algorithm to the software. However, the result
of the study shows that the research can produce a nearly optimal solution
through some generations of offspring that have been produced during
optimization.
Keywords: genetic algorithm, schemata, and optimization

Minimum Domination Number Detector Software

Application for Graph Theory
Deanne Cameren P. Evangelista
College of Engineering and Architecture, Bohol Island State University (BISU)
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to design a software application of finding the minimum
domination number in a graph. The software is called Minimum Domination
Number Detector Software Application (MDNDSA) for Graph Theory that
provides quicker access and generates results on domination number of
Graphs. It sought to establish the performance and accuracy of the program.
The study was conducted at Bohol Island State University – Main Campus,
Tagbilaran City in the academic year 2017 – 2018. This study made use of
experimental design in gathering data for its performance and functionality.
The respondents of the study were forty (40) Masters in Mathematics Students
of the university. The result of the study showed that the performance of
Minimum Domination Number Detector Software Application is 100%
percent functional and was found highly accurate in generating results with
an average mean of 3.99 which was interpreted as very high. The result
also proved that the software was user-friendly having a very high result as
evaluated by the respondents. Hence, the researcher highly recommends
the use of the Minimum Domination Number Detector software application
as a tool in determining the domination number of any graphs. Furthermore,
the conduct of similar studies can be made in order to find out additional
interrelated features in domination in graph theory. The institution may also
consider the application for patent and implementation of the output in the
community extension program of the university.
Keywords:
dominating set, minimum domination number, software application,
graph theory, and Bohol Island State University-Main
M a t h e m a t i c s a n d S t a t i s t i c s | 121
Alternative Proof of Frullani Integral

and its Consequences
Paul Vincent E. Botin1, Michael E. Sta. Brigida1, and Edwin A. Balila2
1
Cavite State University, Main Campus, Indang, Cavite
2
Adventist University of the Philippines
ABSTRACT
The Frullani Integral has the expression
(1)
where a, b > 0 and be a continuously differentiable on . It

was named after the Italian Mathematician Giulano Frullani. There are some
articles and references that worked on the solution of (1). Some of them are
generalized and some of them are not. But this paper focuses on the most
popular result of the Frullani Integral, i.e.,
(2)
where and . The purpose of this paper

was to expose the classical proof of Frullani Integral described in (2). Also, to
give an alternative proof of (2) different from the existing proof. And finally,
to arrive at some corollaries as natural consequences of the alternative proof.
The paper was mainly expository. To understand the paper, theories and
concepts in Advanced Calculus were needed. The proof begins by stating
and proving the following lemmas. Also, another condition was applied
to obtain the desired result. Consequences of the alternative proof were
illustrated to evaluate some special integrals of Frullani type.
Keywords: frullani integrals, integrals, alternative proof, improper integrals, and

advanced calculus
On Hamiltonian – Connected Graphs

June F. Tuonan1 and Alex C. Gonzaga2
Senior High School Department, Mathematics Department,
1
Tanza National Trade School, Tanza, Cavite, Philippines

Cavite State University, Main Campus, Indang, Cavite, Philippines
2
College of Science and Computer Studies, De La Salle University,
Dasmariñas, Dasmariñas City, Cavite, Philippines
College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila.
ABSTRACT
In this study, we present and prove coditions on Hamiltonian connected
bipartite graphs, maximal Hamiltonian – connected bipartite graphs and
critical Hamiltonian connected (CHC) bipartite graphs. We have shown
the following that a k – regular graph of even order n, for k ≥ 3 and n ≥ 6 , is
Hamiltonian – connected and is bipartite is given by v a + 3 ≤ n , vb = va + 3 and
if va + 3 > n , the vertex v a is connected to vb = (va + 3) − n .
Keywords: bipartite graphs, connected graphs, Hamiltonian graphs, maximal, and

regular graph
Oral Presentations
Physical Science
Parametric Study of a Potential Colorimetric

Determination for Clonazepam in Spiked Drinks
Vincent John Abordo, Zhyron Wynriel Alimon, Ma. Eileen Ardales,
Jasper Keith Arjona, Brian Matthew Belen, Elaine Therese Quiros,
Mary May Tang, William Chase Yu, and Jet Lei Guerrero
Senior High School Department, University of Santo Tomas, Legazpi, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Drink spiking is a drug-related crime, which is prevalent in certain parts
of the Philippines. Lorazepam, a type of benzodiazepine sold under the
brand name Ativan®, was identified as one of the most common date
rape drugs used in drink spiking. This study synthesized a colorimetric
method of determination using ferric chloride and sodium hydroxide for
Clonazepam, another type of benzodiazepine. Digital imaging colorimetry
was employed using Color Mate to determine the optimal parameters of
20°C reaction temperature, 10 minutes reaction time, and an Android phone
camera type. Using the data from three independent trials subjected to the
optimal parameters, a calibration curve was constructed with an equation
of y = 0.0054x – 0.0531 and a coefficient of determination equal to 0.9894. A
98.94% variation in color intensity in terms of the S parameter was observed
with a displayed sensitivity equal to 0.0054 SI/ppm and LOD of 5.27 ppm.
Thus, the output can only be used as a potential colorimetric method of
determination for Clonazepam in spiked drinks, as it induced a colorimetric
reaction with the target drug, but it lacked the precision to quantify the exact
concentration of the Clonazepam in the solution. The researchers would
highly recommend using another software for digital imaging colorimetry,
such as ImageJ, or to utilize another colorimetric approach such as UV-Vis
spectroscopy. A paper-based colorimetric sensor and an application for
digital imaging colorimetry were also recommended for future researches.
Keywords: drink spiking, Clonazepam, ferric chloride, sodium hydroxide, and digital
imaging colorimetry
Sublethal Toxicity and Bioconcentration of Petroleum

Hydrocarbons in the Marine Red Alga Kappaphycus sp.
Shereen A. Merro1, Gerald F. Quinitio2, Nieves A. Toledo3
and Ida G. Pahila4
1
Department of Fisheries, Visayas State University, Tolosa, Philippines
2
Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanology, University of the Philippines,
Visayas, Philippines
3
Institute of Aquaculture, University of the Philippines, Visayas, Philippines
4
Department of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Visayas, Philippines
ABSTRACT
The sublethal toxicity of water-accommodated fractions of bunker oil
was tested on the photosynthetic and respiration rates and chlorophyll, a
content of Kappaphycus sp. through a static non-renewal 120-h exposure
test using 0 (control), 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ppm oil concentrations. The
bioconcentration factor of the seaweed in a test medium of 10 ppm bunker
oil concentration after 24-h was also determined. Lower oil concentrations
resulted to increased rates of photosynthesis after 24-h exposure, with the 1
ppm concentration having a significantly higher mean photosynthetic rate
than the control (p=0.006). Respiration rates also increased with an increase
in oil concentration after 24-h exposure (p=0.016). Chlorophyll, a content
of the seaweed was not significantly affected by the oil concentrations
(p=0.801). Sublethal effects of petroleum hydrocarbons suggest that
Kappaphycus sp. may be cultured in areas contaminated with oil from
petrogenic sources as long as oil concentrations are low. Kappaphycus sp.
also did not bioconcentrate as evidenced by the absence of trend in the
bioconcentration factors with respect to exposure time (p=0.228) suggesting
that the seaweed may be consumed safely even when cultured in waters with
low oil concentrations.
Keywords: Kappaphycus, petroleum hydrocarbons, toxicity, and bioconcentration

P h y s i c a l S c i e n c e | 125
Extraction of Nickel from Philippines’ Nickel Laterite Ore

using Iota-Carrageenan as a Biosorbent
Nicole Jane E. Alhambra1, Diana T. Gonzales1,
Irasan Micah I. Soliman1, Jose Mari M. Felicita1, Charo B. Ocampo2
and Dahlia C. Apodaca3
1
Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science,
Polytechnic University of the Philippines,Sta. Mesa, Manila, Philippines
2
Geological Laboratory Services Section, Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB)
Reg. IVA CALABARZON, North Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
3
School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences,
MAPUA University, Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
ABSTRACT
This research study aimed to develop an innovative and non-conventional
leaching technology which uses an indigenous material such as iota-
carrageenan, a red seaweed, for the extraction of precious metals from nickel
laterite ore. In particular, this study capitalizes on the concept of biosorption
in which iota-carrageenan was used as biosorbent to extract nickel and cobalt
from laterite ores. Biosorption technology has shown potential in addressing
industry concerns such as economic and energy-efficient extraction of
minerals from ores. The Philippines is a leading exporter of carrageenan.
Semi-purified iota-carrageenan was obtained from Shemberg Corporation
and was subjected to further purification via precipitation in 2-propanol. On
the other hand, nickel laterite ore was obtained from Palawan and was air-
dried, then crushed, pulverized, homogenized and sieved to 100-mesh prior
to leaching. Typical nickel concentration in Philippine nickel laterite ore is
<1.5% w/w. Factors that affect the extraction of nickel and cobalt from the
laterite ore were investigated to establish the optimal leaching conditions.
Concentrations of extracted nickel and cobalt were measured using an
Agilent AA 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer after digestion using a two-
acid system.
Keywords: leaching, nickel laterite ore, biosorption, iota-carrageenan, and metals

Chitin-mediated Synthesis of Bioplastic from

Pinna bicolor shells as Potential Green Packaging
Chris Jericho B. Ariola, Christine Joy B. Basaysay,
Dustin Joshua F. De Jesus, Kristine Andrea L. Del Rosario,
Alexis B. Maravillas, Kathryn Judd C. Quijano, Christian Jay B. Rasco,
and Atsushi M. Yamada
Senior High School Department, University of Santo Tomas, Legazpi, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Conventional plastics have been widely produced for various uses which
consequently led to a global environmental issue. Chitin has been used in
various applications due to its versatility and biocompatibility. To mitigate
the problem in plastic pollution, the researchers aimed to synthesize chitin-
based bioplastics from Pinna bicolor, or locally known as “baluko” shells as
potential green packaging. Chitin was extracted from Pinna bicolor shells
via demineralization, deproteinization and decoloration, and chitosan
was derived via deacetylation. In forming the bioplastic, six trials were
performed with varying components and ratio of plasticizers which resulted
to various outcomes in terms of transparency, viscosity, and homogeneity.
Results showed that the mean crude percentage yield of chitin is 41.84%;
and, chitosan is 48.07%. Chitin was insoluble in the given solvents: acetic
acid and lithium chloride (LiCl) and its deacetylation to its derived form,
chitosan, became significant for the dissolution of the base component.
The researchers were not able to successfully synthesize a bioplastic from
Pinna bicolor shells. The trial, which contained: 1 g of chitosan pre-dissolved
in 10 mL of 5% acetic acid; and, 10 mL of glycerin, mixed under medium
heat at constant stirring, had the nearest expected outcome as it formed
a homogenous and moderately viscous solution. Factors that might have
contributed to the failure of the attempts performed could be the following:
degree of deacetylation, impurities from the compounds used, and the usage
of food grade chemical ingredients instead of analytical grade chemicals. It
is recommended to conduct a physical and chemical characterization of the
extracted chitin and chitosan, and utilize NaOH in the deacetylation of chitin.
Future related researches may also conduct an optimization on the bioplastic
synthesis as well as mechanical tests and intensive property assessments,
including physicochemical analyses on the storage of distilled water in the
synthesized bioplastic.
Keywords: chitin, chitosan, biopolymers, bioplastic, and Pinna bicolor

P h y s i c a l S c i e n c e | 127
Digital Image-based Colorimetric Sensor Using

Polyaniline Film As-grown on Acetate for NH3 Sensing
Reynan L. Toledo1, Joel G. Fernando1, Reynaldo M. Vequizo2,
Soledad P. Salazar1, Janus B. Pansacala1, and Prince W. Au1
1
College of Science and Mathematics, Western Mindanao State University,
Zamboanga City, Philippines
2
Physics Department, Mindanao State University, Iligan Institute of Technology,
Iligan City, Philippines
ABSTRACT
A low cost yet convenient way to detect ammonia using Polyaniline (PANI)
as the sensing element and analyzed using image-based colorimetry is
introduced. Dedoping PANI is accompanied by visible color change of the
PANI from green to blue, which can be exploited to detect the presence of
volatile gases such as ammonia. For low ammonia concentration, however,
the color change is not noticeable, and its detection requires the use of
digital image analysis. Polyaniline films as-grown on the acetate sheet were
prepared via chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonia
peroxydisulfate in an acidic medium (HCl). The PANI films were exposed
to ammonia gas for ten (10) minutes and the RGB component value of the
digital images of PANI films were determined. When the films were exposed
to ammonia, the green and red color components decreased while the blue
component increased. All the films were responsive to ammonia vapor with
the change of the red component of the RGB values registering the largest
change within ten (10) minutes of ammonia exposure. This implies that the
red color component is a better indicator of ammonia gas than the green
and blue components. Furthermore, in-situ doped PANI films have higher
colorimetric sensitivity to ammonia compared to redoped PANI films.
Keywords: colorimetric, polyaniline, APS, ammonia, and acetate

128
Conference Committees
Dr. ANNA RUBY P. GAPASIN

Conference Chair
Dir. ARMIN S. CORONADO, ISTR
Conference Vice-Chair/s
Dr. ANGELINA E. BORICAN, RMO
WORKING COMMITTEES
Secretariat/Parallel Presentations
Chair Dir. ARMIN S. CORONADO
Co-Chairs Chief GARY ANTONIO C. LIRIO
Chief GINNO L. ANDRES
Chief ALETA C. FABREGAS
Moderators: Dir. REALIN ARANZA
Chief EMEJIDIO GEPILA, JR.
Chief RANDY SAGUN
Dr. MARY GRACE RAMADA

Registration and Accommodation
Chair Dean GISELA MAY A. ALBANO
Co-Chair s
Dean REMEDIOS G. ADO
Members Chief GARY ANTONIO C. LIRIO
Dr. ABIGAIL CID-ANDRES
CARLO INOVERO
MICHAEL DELA FUENTE
MELVIN ROXAS
KATLEYA CONCEPCION MISSION
ANN MARGARIT BERSANO
ANNA MARIA GRACIA ESTARDO
Reception
Chair AVPRED TOMAS O. TESTOR
Co-Chairs Dr. ZINA
SAYSON
Dir. ANGELINA E. BORICAN
Members Dir. ARMIN S. CORONADO
Dean JOCELYN R. LUTAP
Dr. AIDA M. CASAS
129
Program/Technical
Dir. KRIZTINE R. VIRAY
Chair
Co-Chair
Mr. SONNY VERSOZA
Ms. MARIEL CRUZ
Members
Mr. JESSIE NIGPARANON
Mr. LLOYD TEJANO
Mr. PHILIP CABACOG
Awards
Chair Dir. ARMIN S. CORONADO
Dr. ANGELINA E. BORICAN
Co-Chair
Members Dean GISELA MAY A. ALBANO
Chief GARY ANTONIO C. LIRIO
Chief ALETA C. FABREGAS
Chief GINNO L. ANDRES
Publication
Dir. ANGELINA E. BORICAN
Chair
Chief PRESTOLINE SUYAT
Co-Chair
Members
Ms. CHRISTINE JOYCE BAUTISTA
Ms. JESUSANA DEJITO
Ms. ANA MARIE J. BAUTISTA
Exhibit
Dir. JACKIE URRUTIA
Chair
Co-Chair
Dean RAMIR M. CRUZ
Members
FR RENATO C. APA-AP
Dr. RIBOMAPIL NACORDA
Mr. JEROME MANATAD
Dr. DECERYL GEN TUMAMPOS
Food
Chair Dean LINCOLN A. BAUTISTA
Co-Chair Dr. CHONA C. FULLIDO
Members
Dr. JEAN NEBREA
PROF. JOSEFINA GENTALLAN
130
Documentation
Chair Chief EMEJIDIO C. GEPILA Jr.
Co-Chair Chief RANDY D. SAGUN
Members FR HAZEL DR. SAMALA
Dr. BERNARDA VILLAROJO
Dr. MARICE ESTACA
University Audit
Dir. REALIN ARANZA
AVPA ROSITA CANLAS
Chief JOSEPH VINCENT DAVID
Cultural Tour
Dr. CHONA FULLIDO
Mrs. KATLEYA CONCEPCION MISSION
Transportation
Mr. JORGE NADERA
Mr. ALEXANDER ASILOM
Mr. DELFIN LOMOTOS
Mr. PEDRO LORETE

131
List of Participating Institutions
ACLC College of Butuan

AMA Computer College-Santiago Campus
Bataan Peninsula State University
Batangas State University
Benguet State University
Biliran Province State University
Bohol Island State University
Bulacan Agricultural State College
Caraga State Univeristy
Cavite State University
Cebu Technological University
Centro Escolar University, Mendiola
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Soils
Far Eastern University- Institute of Technology
Iloilo Science and Technology University
M. Asep, Lim Pice, Asean Engr.
MIMAROPA Regional Science High School
Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology (MinSCAT
Main Campus)
National University
New Era University
Palawan State University
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineer
Philippine Normal University
Quezon City Polytechnic University
Silliman University
Sourthern Leyte University
132
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center

Technological Institute of the Philippines
Technological University Philippines
Universidad De Manila
University of San Agustin
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines
University of Sto Tomas, Legazpi
University of Sto. Tomas, Manila
University of the Philippines Los Baños
University of the Philippines-Diliman
Visayas State University Tolosa Campus
Western Mindanao State University
Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan
133
134

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ISTEC 2019

May 27-30, 2019

Editors: PRESTOLINE S. SUYAT

Cover Design: CHRISTINE JOYCE S. BAUTISTA

About the Conference iv

Programme Overview xii-xiv

The Keynote Speaker xxxii

The Plenary Speakers xxxiii-xxxvii

Engineering, Technology and Architecture and Design 38-66

Biological and Food Sciences 67-86

Computing Science and Information Technology 87-117

Mathematics and Statistics 118-122

Physical Science 123-127

Conference Committees 128-130

List of Participating Institutions 131-132

CHED Endorsement 133

PASUC Advisory 134

For our 2019 international conference, ISTEC envisions the integration

I commend the Polytechnic University of the

I wish you a successful event.

THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

We, in the Office of the Vice President, recognize

Your knowledge in science, technology, and engineering is crucial in

May you have a productive and meaningful gathering.

Mabuhay kayong lahat!

Being the foundation and continuous nurturer of

My congratulations to the Polytechnic University of the Philippines!

JOSE B. PATALINJUG III

As it brings together renowned speakers and

With the theme, “Innovative Science, Technology, and Engineering

In behalf of the Philippine Association of State Universities and

TIRSO A. RONQUILLO, ASEAN Eng.

With the theme “Innovative Science, Technology, and Engineering

EMANUEL C. DE GUZMAN, PhD

Commendations to the Polytechnic University of the

It is with great appreciation and an honor to have

Guided by the theme ‘’INNOVATIVE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY and

Be assured of the COMMITMENT of the Bohol Island State University to the

More power and CARPE DIEM.

May 27, 2019

May 28, 2019

May 29, 2019

May 30, 2019

DAY 1 - 28 MAY 2019 (1:00 PM – 2:40 PM)

Physical Characteristics Evaluation of Solar Dryers in

1:20 - 1:40 ETAD-01-28-02

TITAN MK. II: Earthquake Simulation Table Development

1:40 – 2:00 ETAD-01-28-03

The Innovative Design/Approach for the Deep Excava-

2:00 – 2:20 ETAD-01-28-04

Practices in the Installation of Fiber Reinforced Polymers

2:20 – 2:40 ETAD-01-28-05

IRIWALE: An IoT-Based River Water Level Monitoring and

ASIAVR: Asian Studies Virtual Reality Game a Learning Tool

1:20 - 1:40 CSIT-03- 28-02

ARFollow: A Mobile Augmented Reality Educational Game

1:40 – 2:00 CSIT-03- 28-03

A Mobile Augmented Reality for Artifacts Appreciation

2:00 – 2:20 CSIT-03- 28-04

Mapping Siliman University: An Augmented Reality

2:20 – 2:40 CSIT-03- 28-05

Gamified Statistics Tutoring System

Parametric Study of a Potential Colorimetric Determina-

Sublethal Toxicity and Bioconcentration of Petroleum