ep ~— ie @ Deecesece 48% /Daniel Sansoni - Patrick HafensteineC We visaDlY TEST ONE LISTENING INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TESTING SYSTEM LISTENING Wess ° TIME ALLOWED: 30 minutes SAD] Yomner or questions: 40 You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear: There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions and you | will have a chance to check your work. All the recordings will be plaved ONCE only. The test is in four sections. Write all your answers in the Listening Question Booklet. At the end of the test you will be given ten minutes to transfer your SNINALSIT — STVIMALVIN NWAIOAdS SLTAI answers to an answer sheet,6 IELTS Practice Tests > Wes “ C visaDlY SECTION 1 Questions 1-10 Questions 1-5 Circle the appropriate letters A-C. Example Mick is going out to A. a swimming pool. }B—2e\ some take-away food. A’ one horror and one western. B_ two horrors and one western. C two westerns and one horror. 2 Steve’s girlfriend is A_ having a romantic night. B eating spaghetti with her grandparents. C ather grandparents’ house. 3 Steve doesn’t like Pizza Hut or Domino’s pizzas because A. they use ham from the rubbish. B they don’t shred the toppings. C they shred the toppings. 4 Mick is not fond of Pizza Hut or Domino's pizzas because A. the pastry is too doughy. B the base is too crusty. C the base has rust on it. 5 Steve wants A_ anchovies on one and a half pizzas. B_ no seafood at all. C chilli flakes on the pizzas,visa SDIY Questions 6 and 7 Tick the appropriate column. 6 ] 7 ‘Toppings Pizza 1 Pizza 2 seafood | “ham epperoni 7 - eT eyisaDIY capsicum olives mushrooms corn sun-dried tomatoes anchovies chilli flakes garlic bread Coke Questions 8-10 Fill in the notes. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. 8 ADDRESS: » Mount Hawthorn. 9 PRICE: 10 PHONE: DELIVERY TIME: 30 minutes. bok Megaes Doras eae ued CarasWes 8 — | IELTS Practice Tests > : C visaDlY co} SECTION 2 Questions 11-20 Questions 11-20 Fill in the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. Rummy: Fact-sheet Period of origin: Example early 1900s ae 0. Wes © lB ojo byl VisaDPy jock Rummy 12... Rum ~ differences centre on ending of play and sul. Rummy: Basics of the game Number of players: .u14... Number of cards: Number of players Number of cards dealt 2 10 3 7 - 4 w5 [ 5 6 6 we. The Play: Cards are picked up from the ...17... or discard pile and combined in the hand to form ...18.... A set consists of three or more of a kind or three or more cards of the same suit in .419.... Sets are then laid down on the table. When a player can get rid of all her cards, she ..20... which wins her the game. Cat Eva: 1093452635QC) PAK... = visaDlY Or # SECTION 3 Questions 21-30 Questions 21-27 Circle the appropriate letters A-C. Example Marnie and Geoff are giving a presentation on: A history of scepticism. ERD popular myths behind science. MIS aDIY«. the topic of spontaneous human combustion A_ answers the mysteries of popular science. B provides a good example of differences between popular and scientific explanations. C is taken from the history of popular science. 22 Marnie and Geoff define SHC as A. the eruption into flames of a human body independent of external heat sources. B_ a flame which erupts from a body onto an external object. C a spontaneous human reaction to natural laws of combustion. 23. In 1663 Thomas Bartholin saw ‘A. awoman bum a bed in Paris. B a Parisian woman burn a straw mattress. C_ awoman burned to death on a bed. 24 In most SHC cases the victim’s ‘A. entire body is destroyed by the flames. B head alone remains undamaged. C extremities remain untouched by the fire. CURL Beg ea De ore eae ued10 | JELTS Practice Tests Ce BW eM visaDlY 25 Which of the following theories are supported by “hard science”? A. The wick effect theory B The static electricity theory C The pyroton theory 26 Spontaneous human combustion is not accepted by the scientific community because A. itis the least likely explanation. B itis impossible. it defies the laws of God. soe elie on impgsstbi “5. a body catching alight from an external fire source. LMS ab. source that hot would also burn the house down. C’ the fact that it is only peers to burn bodies in crematoriums. Questions 28-30 Complete the gaps in the descriptions of the stages of The Wick Effect. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. The Wick Effect Stage 1 ...28... from a cigarette or fireplace sets “victim's” clothes alight while he/she is asleep or unconscious. § victim's ...29.. melts and soaks into clothing § intense heat fuelled by ...30... completely destroys body but damage to house is minimal Poteet) esti‘O) nes C aN TES’ igening vise iy SECTION 4 Questions 31-40 Questions 31-40 Complete the notes. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each question. Origins of Print 2" century AD /[China-prints made from reli |6* century ~__China-wood ...31... method of printing developed 770 Tp 2 lo nat oldest known printed works co Wes anak Sheng invented moveable type made from weed Deve visaDl hina~Wang Chen commissioned 60,000 characters on imoveable blocks 15"-18* century | 1403-1516 Korea—...33... fonts created in total a Age of the Printing Press Oe 7 "| Gutenberg Printing Press invented ish ‘Type blocks-constructed from molten metal-arranged to form text then pressed onto paper Moulds for letters made with a ...34... Consequences of printing press: — ideas ...35... — groups try to control printing | — printers persecuted |Print shops proliferate: — first half century more than 1,000 in over ...36... cities ‘Steam press invented ste Rotary steam press invented Tie — printing takes 16% as long 1885 Punch-cutting mechanised 1889 ‘Linotype — further 85% reduction in labour — made tons and tons of metal typeface ...38... 1896 Monotype - l, Photocomposition-typeface projected onto 1950s 7 photosensitive ...39... 1070s |Digital-printing technology becomes ...40... in hands of| consumers freee ee tr) ce Pee mer ott Eo rt Pee (3)Ce Wes visaDlY INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TESTING SYSTEM AINIOAdS SLTAL READING \ RWesshy is ADIY me atiowen:1 hour NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40 ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET The test is divided as follows: --- Reading Passage 1 Questions 1-14 --- Reading Passage 2 Questions 15-28 -~- Reading Passage 3 Questions 29-40 Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all questions. Ifyou cannot do a particular question, leave it and go on to the next. You can return to it later. , al ori, if | set q es ie 2) | ea : sz] = O Pa oS a oO DU Were ae Gara te) ct Pha ore Cd4 | IELTS Practice Tests READING PASSAGE 1 C RWwWesMy visaDlY You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on Reading Passage 1. 1421: The Year China Discovered the World Itis only natural that as the new alliance leer western countries seeks to isablv= pubticafion The a1Y; China Discovered the World does this in a timely fashion and has attracted many allies, but very few authorities. This controversial book, which topped the best-seller charts and has been translated into more than a dozen languages, reveals the discoveries of the 15th century Ming Chinese admirals, but in so doing casts doubts over some of the achievements of the great western sea explorers. Menzies’ claims are nothing if not audacious. In his own words, if he is correct “the history of the world as it has been known... would have to be radically revised.” According to Menzies, between the years 1421 and 1423 an enormous fleet of Chinese ships, sailing under the orders of Emperor Zhu Di and captained by his loyal eunuch admirals, foremost among whom was the Muslim commander-in-chief Zheng He, circumnavigated the world. Along the way this fleet of huge junks, some of which measured nearly 500 feet in length, in several simultaneous missions, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, charted both coastlines of Africa and the Americas, passed through the Magellan Strait, sailed to Australia, New Zealand and the east and west Uyag Poteet)C Antarctica, circled Greenland, and passed across normally iced-over Arctic China. However, they returned to a different waters to arrive back in China; one in which resentment towards Zhu Di’s expansionism was strong. Within a year the Emperor had died and his son Zhu Gaochi, upon taking the throne, immediately issued 1a we it to close i bia that ZWisaD ve this isolationist sentiment that it survived a change of dynasty and, indeed, it was eventually Qing dynasty officials who destroyed all traces of the fleet's great sea voyages in the archives, wiping them from history. Nevertheless, contends Menzies, knowledge of the fleet's exploits did survive, because the Spanish and Portuguese had maps to guide them when they made their great “discoveries"-maps that could only be copies of Chinese maps. Though it has garnered a lot of popular 1421: The Year China Discovered the World has received acclaim, short shrift in more critical circles. As mentioned above, European maps and charts that showed accurately PRM TEIN ne | 1s visaDlY topographical features of lands that the mapmakers themselves could not have known, because these places were as yet unvisited by Europeans, form the cornerstone of Menzies’ evidence; but many critics view medieval maps with considerable scepticism. “Great caution should be exercised with such maps", writes Dr Felipe Fernandez-Aresto, a London because they are so “vulnerable to reviewer for The Review, emendation and forgery”. Furthermore, “it was normal practice of cartographers of the day to fill their maps, beyond the limits of the known, with speculative lands and seas”. Certainly, some of Menzies’ readings of later, more established charts, which he posits are based on earlier, no longer extant maps, are dubious. It has been pointed out by writer Gregory Mclntosh that the Piri Reis map, upon which Menzies relies heavily, needs to be drastically altered in order for one of its land formations to be identifiable with Antarctica, an identification that Menzies makes. Similarly, John Noble Wilford, science writer for The Times, questions Menzies’ assumption that the "Dragon's Taile” of earlier maps refers to the coast of South America, noting that the Malaysian Peninsula was also known by16 | LELTS Practice Tests this name. The secondary sources of evidence produced in the book come under even closer scrutiny. Most writers ore particularly scathing of Menzies’ loose use of archaeological evidence and objects of material culture. They accuse him of neglecting to check his facts and claims without any proof. For Pp eT CF tga}the Mewp not NaSGDTY..”: already well established. In 1951 an archaeological study done by W. Godfrey on objects excavated from under the tower found that all the objects dug up could be dated somewhere between the 17th and 19th centuries and traced back to England, Scotland or America. Moreover, the tower was carbon-dated (Hertz 1997) to 1665 and it was later found that it was a windmill copied from a very similar building in Chesterton, England. Menzies’ treatment of language invites outright ridicule. Bill Poser in Language log demonstrates that the general linguistic evidence and the more specific attempts to establish linguistic links between the Chinese and various C WWesM visaDlY peoples indigenous to America “are a joke”. Not only does he question Menzies’ credibility for not investigating far enough to find out that Malayalam— the language Menzies finds on an inscription and attributes to the Chinese fleet-is a language spoken by millions of people in India now, but also his professionalism for not reproducing the contents of the inscription. Poser also labels a lot of the examples presented in the book as plain wrong; as impossibilities in the languages they are supposed to be from. Of the only three examples Menzies provides to support his claim that there are forty words in common between Chinese and Squamish Indian, “not one ... is identifiable as Chinese”. But, not surprisingly, what seems to have riled the academics most about Gavin Menzies’ book is the approach to research and scholarship in general. The most common complaint is lack of academic rigour. Peter Gordon from The Asian Review of Books brands Menzies as “intellectually sloppy ... Menzies’ standard of proof typically runs as follows: identify some cultural features (the evidence for which is usually far from solid), claim that the cat Poteet) estiC 1421 the explanation, while at the same time voyages are ‘only’ ignoring (or being ignorant of) other similar cultural features that would tend to provide alternate explanations or contradict his.” According to Felipe Fernandez-Arnesto, most of Menzies’ arise from “delusions elementary methodological errors”, while in the ion SSK Barrett of BONER DL et i xo} lo doubt 2 MISADIN.:, gross errors as Menzies’ assertion that Zheng He's fleet picked up some sloth) in Patagonia, when solid evidence shows mylodons (giant ground these creatures to have been extinct long before that time. All in all, it appears that many of the experts are willing to admit that the the first seafaring nation to reach the New Chinese were probably World and Australia, but they reject the FM NS 17 visaDlY idéa that it was Zheng He's fleet, instead postulating that small groups of merchant sailors might have made landfall in these places by accident. Most also acknowledge that the view of history held by many people is very Eurocentric and that the great scientific and maritime achievements of the Chinese need to be more well known, but not at the expense of historical accuracy. Clearly, Gavin Menzies, a submarine commander himself, was impressed by the skill and expertise of the medieval Chinese admirals and he wanted to share that with us. This is a but along the voyage he drifted well off noble endeavour, somewhere course into whimsy and wild speculation. His obsessed amateurism can be forgiven but the lack of professionalism on behalf of his publishers cannot. It is their duty to check the facts of their non-fiction before they print and it is their wider responsibility not to go in for crass sensationalism. ile data tata lait ultheee Hil us DE oer eae ud 70184 Mol Perc— C Wes 18 | IELTS Practice Tests vis a D lY stions 1-3 Which publications are the men listed below associated with in Reading Passage 1? Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet. 1 Dr Felipe Fernandez-Amesto 2 John Noble Wilford 3. Peter Gordon le th Av laying en the people listed in the box A-I. oxes 4-10 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any of the letters A-I more than once. 4 makes the criticism that alternative explanations are discounted and the Chinese fleet is presented as the single cause of any cultural anomaly 5 wams that medieval maps are very unreliable 6 claims the Chinese fleet circumnavigated Greenland 7 scientifically established the age of a building 8 discredits evidence of a linguistic relationship 9 assumed that “Dragon’s Taile” referred to South America 10 claims Menzies neglected a number of fundamental tenets of scholarship A Gavin Menzies B Dr Felipe Fernandez-Amesto Gregory McIntosh D John Noble Wilford EW. Godfrey F Hertz G Bill Poser H Peter Gordon I TH. BarrettCe RMes ry ding | 19 visably™ Questions 11-14 Complete this summary of the passage with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the passage. Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet. Gavin Menzies’ book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World makes the claim at Chinese sailors visited all of the continents of the world long before any western BA oer N-seller, the book has been criticised harshly by academics. ey DIY" wL... is looked on sceptically and his secondary Widence sources are also put under close scrutiny. He is accused of neglecting to check ...12..., of providing examples that are wrong and of a general lack of ..13... But ultimately the most scathing criticism is aimed not at Menzies but at the ...14.... bic linlol atari uo Las pert feeerienr eo sear greeBWesM 20 | IELTS Practice Tests > . C visaDlY READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-28 which are based on Reading Passage 2. The Novel A Novels, though not as popular as newspapers and magazines, still command a significant part of the publishing market, and everybody is familiar with the glossy paperbacks that line the shelves of bookstores and news agencies the world over. But few people besides the critics are aware of the origins of the novel, or of the different forms it has taken before it reached its present plenitude of styles. B_ Nowadays the term “novel” is applied to a wide range of writings that share the characteristic of being extended works of fiction written in prose. In terms of narrative, the novel is distinguished from both the short story and the novelette by being extended and of greater scope than those more compacted forms in that it permits more opportunity for variations in character, as well as more thorough examination of character motive, longer and more complex plots, and deeper exploration of setting. As such, Robinson Crusoe, written in 1719 by Daniel Defoe about a man marooned on a deserted island, is generally credited as being the first novel because of the completeness of the fictional world depicted and believability of the characters, both of which issue from its realistic depiction of the details of surviving in the wild. Pai cesstr) Cee ee rcEC Mesa vading | 21 visabDi¥” * © However, Defoe's novel certainly had its precursors. In most European languages the word for novel is “roman” which comes from the medieval “romance”. “Novel”, on the other hand, is derived from the Italian word “novella” (a new little thing), which was the name for a short tale in prose. Novellas were popular in fourteenth century Italy, where they were published in collections that often garnered quite scandalous reputations. The most well known of these collections is Boccaccio's Decameron, which details the amorous adventures of a selection of different women. The term “novella” is often used now in place of the term “novelette”, which refers to a short novel. nt of, 1 also appeared in the Spanish language. “Picaresque Messhy from Spain in the sixteenth century. A typical ¥ ra cheeky rogue who lived off his wits. The difference VISADTIY..:.. and the novel is that while the novel usually developed some important, central plot or story that built towards a climax, the picaresque usually put the protagonist through a long succession of adventures which had little or no effect on his character. Picaresque fiction is episodic in structure, realistic in manner, but often satiric in aim, Despite these differences, the picaresque narrative was central to the development of the novel, and the great picaresque narrative Don Quixote, written in 1605, is considered the direct predecessor of the novel. Furthermore, there are a number of modern novels which are recognisably of picaresque form. The most famous of these is probably The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) by Mark Twain. E From these and other precedents sprang Defoe’s “novel of incidence”, which includes the already mentioned Robinson Crusoe, as well as the slightly later (1722) Moll Flanders. Whereas in Defoe’s novels the greater concern lies in what the protagonist will do next and how the story will conclude, in the “novel of character” more emphasis is placed on the protagonist's motives, and how the protagonist as a person will turn out, Also called the “psychological novel”, this type of novel was first invented by Samuel Richardson when he wrote Pamela in 1740. This novel, and Richardson's next novel Clarissa (1747-1748), are both also classified under the heading of “epistolary novels”, which refers to novels that are comprised entirely of an exchange of letters. Novels of character, and epistolary novels are still written today. eee eu Ga [Serer otra Shee ey=S ee ert22 | IELTS Practice Tests Ce RWexsy visaDlY F Since these early distinctions the novel has been divided into many sub- classes. One famous differentiation is that made by Hawthorne in 1851 between the “novel proper” and “prose romance”, which is a distinction between a realistic setting, with complex characters rooted in social class, and a romantic setting, in which archetypal characters pursue an ideal in an often mythical or historical world G In modern times the novel is, arguably, the most thriving of literary forms. Novels of numerous different forms on a great number of topics have appeared, some of which are shown in the table below. Examples Dickens, Great Expectations tagonist’s mind /character ieee ees Mann, The Magic Mountain from childhood into maturity (Novel of Education) Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist Kunstleroman Development of the as a Young Man (Artistic Novel) protagonist's artistic mind _| Proust, Remembrance of | Things Past - Social Novel peace social and Steinbeck, The Grapes of economic conditions Wrath Pays great attention to | woes oe cae Tolstoy, War and Peace Historical Novel historical verisimilitude and . . Mitchell, Gone With the Wind accuracy Novelistic techniques used to - Truman Capote, In Cold Non-fiction Novel graphically describe recent | Blood historical events Luis Borges, Labyri | , Mix of realism with the orgellaile:Borges, Labyrinits Magic Realism Garcia Marquez, One fantastic and dreamlike | Hundred Years of Solitude Cre pt Deere UL Gas ichard: 15970184 Molly: 1422515 er eee etdCe PMN EDD ne | 23 visaDlY Questions 15-18 Choose the appropriate headings for sections B-E from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers i-xii in boxes 15-18 on your answer sheet. List of Headings What is a novel? A predecessor of similar name Modern variations tic origins of the novel C): Wes nIn fe versus the social VIRGQIY. viii Widely read but background relatively unknown ix A well-known distinction x The novel of incidence xi Three early types of novel xii The first novel Example Section A Answer viii 15 Section B 16 Section C 7 Section D 18 Section E Example Section F Answer ix Example Section G Answer iii be UB tg Bee Fae FRAT RI crete berets ea a ery A24 | IELTS Practice Tests ( > Westy visaDlY Questions 19-23 Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 19-23 on your answer sheet write YES if the statement reflects the writer's claims NO if the statement contradicts the writer's claims NOTGIVEN _ if there is no information about this in the passage 19 Books of short prose tales were regularly considered to be of disreputable character irte\ Ys gare 3 \¢ Protagonist’s character never changes. viSaD PMoncemea with story and plot. 22 Samuel Richardson is best known for having invented the psychological novel. 23 Novels are one of the most successful types of literature. Questions 24-28 Below is a list of different narrative forms, and following the list are FIVE descriptions of narratives. Choose the narrative form which best fits the descriptions of the narratives, as in the example. NB There are more narrative forms than narrative descriptions so you will not use all of them. You may use any of the narrative forms more than once. A Picaresque F _Kunstleroman B Novelof Incidence |G Social Novel C Novel of Character |H_ Historical Novel D Epistolary Novel L_ Non-fiction Novel E_ Bildungsroman J Magic RealismCO) 288...» visaDlY Example: The story of Venus’s unrequited love for Terrence, a millionaire playboy, told through the collection of letters she sends to him. Answer: D 24 A dramatic and moving account of one of the ancient world’s most famous crimes— Caesar’s assassination in ancient Rome; told from the points of view of the various conspirators and rendered with great attention to known facts, even down to breakfasts eaten and clothes worn by Caesar and the conspirators. 5. The story of Verne Malley, a child guitar prodigy of enormous talent, and the mental > iat ie fib DENS undergoes trying to come to terms with his gift. ° He S68 EQ Me Yftrompson, an all Australian sheep shearer and drunk, and the troubles he gets into as he moves from town to town, wool shed to wool shed, and bar to bar. No matter how bad the situation looks, Nutty always manages to escape alive and intact, complete with cheeky grin. 27 The story of Amnold, who ears a reputation as a bully and thug in his early youth, but then as a university student finds himself drawn towards helping victims of violence because of his “inside knowledge” on the subject. Through this kind of work he manages to confront his own inner demons, and find a measure of peace in life. 28 A vivid portrayal of family life on a Chinese communist collective and the hardships imposed by food and land rationing. Fie tg Megara uo Las ore pert ea a eC26 | IELTS Practice Tests € > BM ez visaDlY READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 29-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3. CANNIBALISM A The 2002 case of consensual cannibalism in Germany, in which Armin Meiwes slaughtered and ate Jurgen B, has brought this controversial subject back into the NE to be the most heinous of crimes, cannibalism, less, Still holds 4 lot of fascination for people. This can be seen in the 5 yet IORLDs$OMtion accounts of cannibal killers, Dr Hannibal “the -ahnibal’” Lecter from The Silence of the Lambs is virtually a household name, while real-life cannibals like Jeffrey Dahmer and Ed Gein achieved remarkable notoriety, Pethaps the most disturbing example of this phenomenon is the story of Issei Sagawa. Sagawa, an English literature student at the Sorbonne, fell in love with a German woman, who he then murdered and ate. Judged unfit to stand trial in France, he was extradited back to Japan, where, unrepentant, he became a national celebrity, writing several bestselling novels. Now free, he writes his own regular column. B The above are all cases of pathological cannibalism, but has cannibalism ever been socially acceptable? Anthropologists find this a difficult topic because it arouses such strong feelings in people. The word “cannibal” comes from Columbus’ description of a Caribbean tribe called the Caniba who were reputedly man-eaters. Europeans declared cannibalism the worst evil and so gave themselves justification for the violent subjugation of indigenous peoples. Thus, cannibalism was used to justify colonisation of the Americas and many Pacific isles, as well as Aftica. Pope Innocent IV labelled cannibalism a sin that Christians should punish by force and Queen Isabella of Spain made slavery illegal unless those enslaved were cannibals, which of course provided colonists with an economic incentive to see all natives as Ee PU eu Gas ee eco! Cea ie OeCe PNR ne | 27 visaDlY cannibals. Hence, most allegations of cannibalism from the 15th, 16th and 17th century are of dubious veracity. So doubtful, in fact, that some scholars have repudiated the existence of sociological cannibalism altogether. Others, however, believe this to be a backlash against the great number of false allegations and ate once again giving their attention to the question of cannibalism—namely, in what kind of situation would cannibalism, the consumption of the flesh of one’s own species, be normal and accepted? Iemight, first, be pertinent to ask whether or not cannibalism occurs in the natural ork ? ny species of animals cannibalise each other, but in nearly Gases’ the finction of the cannibalism is to increase chances of survival. VES aHDLYon White of Adelaide University, survival cannibalism amongst animals can be thought of in two ways. The “Lifeboat” strategy involves the strong eating the weak when food is scarce so that the survival of the strong is ensured. Examples of this kind of cannibalism abound in natute: the first hatched caterpillar of the codling moth eats the other eggs; in raptor birds’ nests the strongest chick kills and eats its siblings. In the more subtle “Grazer” strategy animals graze on members of their own species that have energy stored in their bodies from food that is, for one reason or another, presently inaccessible. For instance, mother scorpions will eat their own young because small scorpions can carch animals that the mother cannot. Likewise, land crabs eat their young when they come ashore because in the ocean the young have been feeding on plankton, which the adult crabs do not have access to. D_ Though cannibalism occurs mostly amongst lower vertebrates and invertebrates, it has also been observed in mammals. Male lions are known to kill and sometimes cat the cubs of rival males and various types of primates have been seen killing and cating members of rival troops. In many of these cases the act is probably better described as infanticide because the main purpose is not to feed, but rather for the male to eliminate young that are not descended from his genes. Having said that, there are still many incidents of cannibalism providing a source of food amongst a ead pert28 IELTS Practice Tests © ) Wes | C visaDlY mammals, It has been seen in hyenas, rabbits, hamsters, rats and even pigs, to name a few. Indeed, cannibalism has also been a soutce of food for people. White points out that 2 1974 study of cannibalism practised between warting Papua New Guinean tribes revealed that human flesh accounted for 10% of the protein in their diet. Usually, however, when people eat other people they do so out of starvation. Two famous examples of this are the Donner party and the story of the Uruguayan by team. In the former a large group of American settlers resorted to RNC: in the Sierra Nevada mountains, while in the latter by players w to eat their dead teammates after their plane crashed ! 4SOEDAN were stranded for a total of 72 days. However, most socially sanctioned human cannibalism has not been committed in order to fill the stomach. Though meat taken from their enemies’ bodies did Provide the Papua New Guineans with essential protein, this was due to a chronic shortage of wild game. Normally, amongst those cultures which are known to cannibalise enemies, the purpose is to gain the powers of the enemy and also to exptess anger and instill fear. Various tribal peoples around the world have been known to do this. There is some evidence to suggest that, in addition to practising cannibalism for food, Japanese soldiers also practised this form of cannibalism during World War II. There are also documents which claim that the medieval Crusaders committed similar acts. ‘The other main type of human cannibalism that is accepted socially is associated with funerary rites. The most well known example is provided by the Wari people of Brazil, who consumed parts of the bodies of fellow tribe members after they died. Anthropologist Beth Conklin explains that this was “done out of affection and respect for the dead person and as a way to help survivors cope with theie grief ” The practice of such funerary cannibalism by the Kore people of New Guinea resulted in the brain disease Kuru, which devastated their population. Studies ofCe BN Me: Fp | 29 visaDlY cannibalistic animals have suggested that this habit made them more vulnerable to infection and disease. However, apart from the Kore case study, the validity of which has been questioned, there is no evidence to support the idea that human cannibalism leads to disease. Quite the contrary, there is a tradition which ties cannibalism to medicine. During the height of colonisation, in which Europeans brazenly enslaved millions of indigenous people for the sin of cannibalism, medicines made from blood and human body parts were very popular, Europeans consumed these things, usually taken from executed criminals, for every ailment ishes. visa Bly. an accepted social piactice in different forms and ak BS GR history. So why can Armin Meiwes not eat someone else if the other person consents? The answer to that is fairly obvious. In nearly all the socially legitimised cannibalism that is on record the person eaten was already dead oran enemy taken in war, This was not the case with Jurgen B, so that makes Armin Meiwes an accomplice to suicide at the very least.30 | IELTS Practice Tests C WWesM visaDlY Questions 29-35 Reading Passage 3 has nine paragraphs A-I. Which paragraphs contain the following information? Write the appropriate letters A-I in boxes 29-35 on your answer sheet. NB Write only ONE letter for each answer. You may use letters more than once. 29 Cannibalism occurs amongst numerous mammals. 30 Cannibalism is practised in order to better deal with bereavement. a yalism were made. jes. are: eaten to show rage. MISaDIY 34. People are compelled to eat others by famine. 35 Cannibalism is thought to have spread a disease.eC Wes mM visably~™ | * Questions 36-40 Match the heads of the sentences with the tails in the box. Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet. NB There are more tails than heads. You may only choose one letter for each question. 36 Cannibalism... 37 Animal cannibalism... QQ yzaeen AMISADIY ACM RP OMPBEON DD of cannibalism in warfare is to gain the enemy’s power. is considered by many to be a heinous crime. of the Kore study is in doubt. of consuming blood to cure illnesses was mostly European. of cannibalism in warfare is to instil confidence. holds little fascination for most people. is designed to reduce population sizes. is not committed in order to gain nourishment. have rejected the existence of sociological cannibalism. is designed to increase chances of survival. of the Kore study was done in New Guinea. Fie tg Boge. uo Las ore en pert ea ue CryCe RMR... key | 41 visaDlY TEST ONE Listening Answer Key Section 1, Questions 1-10 Section 3, Questions 21-30 2 21 B a 2A a 8 23 ¢ at ae 24 sc — : 25 A 6 ham, pepperoni, onions, capsicum, olives, me A mushrooms, anchovies, chilli lakes mB Gayrane:) 28 (a) spark get mushrooms, sun-dried 30 as nt 9 oo Section 4, Questions 31-40 gq DI y, 31 block “tion vi juesiions 32 clay and glue 33 10 io Soo yeaa 34° steel punch 12 500 // five hundred a ee, 13 scoring 35 spre ho 37 1868 ie 38 redundant stoc ; 18 aset// sets 40 (a) commodity 19 sequence 20 goes out If you score... Each question correetly answered scores 1 mark. Listening seats as arte ao 1 1 25 55 2 1s 26-32 6 3 2) 33 65 4 25 34.36 7 59 3 37 15 10 35 38 8 11-16 4 39 85 7 45 40 9 18-24 5 pees. 3 ass Peer io? eae se eager42 | IELTS Practice Tests « > WWeFM visaDlY TEST ONE Reading Answer Key Passage 1, Questions 1-14 3 Ne 1 The London Review i Yes 2. The Times Mo 3. The Asian Review of Books 25 F * 26 A a 27 E 4 & 28 G TF . 8G Passage 3, Questions 29-40 2 D 30 G D) wweem Fy 2 OF VisaDIY 3: sda ME sage 2, Questions 15-28 x a oe 37 J i : 38 oH ‘ 39 A He 40 C 19 YES 20 NO If you score... Each question correctly answered scores 1 mark. Reading Sx 8D SU 8a 1 1 23-25 6 23 2 26-27 65 49 3 28-30 7 10-12 35 31-32 75 13-15 4 33-35 8 16-17 45 36-38 85 18-20 5 39-40 9 21-22 35 cat Poteet) estieC We visaDlY TEST TWO & LISTENING INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TESTING SYSTEM LISTENING ONINALSIT — PERER CAA eee els SLTaL Wes } TIME ALLOWED: 30 minutes isa D l Yoser OF QUESTIONS: 40 You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear. There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions and you will have a chance to check your work. Alll the recordings will be played ONCE only. The test is in four sections. Write all your answers in the Listening Question Booklet. At the end of the test you will be given ten minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet.50 | IELTS Practice Tests Ce Mes visaDlY Circle the correct letters A-C. Example Where did Fleur and Prudence go last week? A ata university club. B by a university club. C inthe river. 2 Fleur tells Prudence that A_ no wine is included in the price. B_ some wine is included in the price. C all wine is included in the price. 3 Fleur thinks that the band A_ will be the Beatles. B live on-board the boat. C will play popular rock music.QC) PR... visaDlY Questions 4-9 Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. SWAN VALLEY MISTRESS—SWAN RIVER WINE CRUISES Cost: wd... each Expected guest number: Departure & Return: 3pm - 11pm FEW eg SBI. Winery te ae visakiy , Live Show Form of payment: Credit card Cardholder's name: Fleur ...7... Type: Visa Number: ...8... Meal type: ...9... (x2) Question 10 Which picture (A-C) shows the Swan Valley Mistress? B uk Degaes eeWes 52 | IELTS Practice Tests 2 a “ C visaDlY ECTION 2 Questions 11-20 Questions 11-20 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER. Chilli-Cook’s notes Example South America Bese chillies cultivated in IL... Vi Ss abi Y — sent shiploads of chillies to Europe oriuguese ——> took chilli plants with them to ...12... Indies Southern Europe and Asia: ideal climates for growing chillies; both fresh and powdered forms popular Now: chillies grown all over the world, except in ...13... climates Confusion over nomenclature: early Spanish and Portuguese used same word for both chillies and ...14... “Cayenne” derived from Native American “Chilli” derived from Native Mexican Spelling: Australia & Britain: chilli or chili US: 15. The fruit: member of capsicum family; related to potatoes, eggplants and ...16...; variety of sizes and colours; skin tough and shiny; all chillies are ...17... with seeds running up centre The burning effect: strongest in seeds; active ingredient = CAPSAICIN; amount determines heat of chilli; Example: bell peppers-...18... of total liquid chilli peppers—..19... of total liquid Evolutionary purpose: heat designed to ...20... mammals eee ety!CO) PR... ty visaDlY SECTION 3 Questions 21-30 Questions 21-25 Complete the table by putting a cross (X) in the column under the places where the following events happened. BNesEN spl Bi d Bs signature x 21 Influential book written on fingerprints by Robert Malphingi in 1686 22 Fingerprints used to combat forgery and to record prisoners 23 Research on fingerprints carried out in a hospital in 1874 24 First fingerprint bureau set up in 1892 Example Woman convicted of murdering x her children 25 Galton fingerprint classification system implemented in 1898 ig Bee ed me tek a 22 eae uedWes 34 | IELTS Practice Tests > ~ Cc visaDlY uestions 26-30 Choose the appropriate letters A-C. 26 The ridge lines on people’s fingertips are formed A. during childhood. B_ according to the kind of work you do with your hands. C before birth. 27. Which of the following diagrams depicts a whorl pattern? 28 People usually have A a mixture of fingertip patterns which are identical on each hand. B a mixture of patterns with similarities between hands. C a different pattern on each hand. 29 Which of the following diagrams shows a bifurcation ridge characteristic? A B Cc 30 A single fingertip may have A more than a hundred patterns on it. B_ more than a hundred points of identification on it. C more than a hundred identities.Ce PRINCI ae 55 % visaDlY Colour Blindness—facts Males: European 8 in 100 Asian +31... in 100 African 3 in 100 weet 2 . hy colour receptors reside in X chromosome. The diagram below is a representation of an eye. Label the missing parts. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. / WN / Rods-100 million \ Cones~ «4.32. of each typeWess 56 | IELTS Practice Tests 2 ~ C visaDlY Questions 34-38 Fill in the flow charts below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. Trichromacy-3 cone types Anomalous Trichromacy —I cone type dysfunctional Deuteranomaly Protanomaly —less sensitive to ...34... -less sensitive to red —most common form of colour ~teds & oranges appear ...35... blindness Dichromacy — 36... one cone type Deuteranopia Protanopia —cannot distinguish between —cannot distinguish between red, orange, 1.37. red, orange, yellow and green —ted, ...38... severely dimmedvisaD iY Questions 39 and 40 Choose the correct letters A-G. 39 Which THREE situations does the lecturer say might cause problems for colour blind people? ‘A. seeing the colour of traffic lights reading maps connecting to the Internet finding clothes that fit 2 isaDty 40 According to the lecturer, in which of the following situations might a colour blind sO F person be at an advantage? A hunting foxes B_ Olympic shooting C seeing through enemy covering5 wy & ad Pa ce D > (o| oa S & = le) is iS] v4 6 eC WWeSM visaDlY AIT OAdS SL TAL INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TESTING SYSTEM READING i saDlY TIME ALLOWED: 1 hour NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40 ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET The test is divided as follows: - Reading Passage 1 Questions 1-13 ~~ Reading Passage 2 Questions 14-27 --- Reading Passage 3 Questions 28-40 Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all questions. Ifyou cannot do a particular question, leave it and go on to the next. You can return to it later.60 | IELTS Practice Tests ( > BM ez visaDlY READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1. MP3 A The issue of downloading, copying, burning and distributing mp3s still remains unresolved. What is more, mp3s are still rising in popularity and are known as superior audio format on the net. The issue affects many people, including cel el raphic artists and song writers as well as musicians. S 2 al which are feeling most threatened, ° MIS ADL. sion rates, at 12 to 1, and they maintain sound Udlity that is nearly as good as a CD as they have drawn on over 15 years of psycho-acoustic research. Their small size makes them quick, easy and reliable to download and they even have the power to increase the number of hits to websites which house them. C Iris easy to see why mp3s have become so widely popular these days but there are a number of legal, practical, and ethical issues surrounding this robust new format. All of this activity is by and large illegal as it breaks copyright laws. I you copy music and distribute i free of charge, itis a civl offence punishable by fine. If you copy music and distribute it for financial gain, it is a criminal offence punishable by jail. Even if you are copying it for personal use at home, itis still ilegal as none of those involved in any stage of the production process get paid at all. Even though many people have been copying tapes for quite some time now, with mp3s the loss of revenue for record companies has been magnified 100,000 times. Record companies have therefore declared war on college students, web hosts and mp3 sites, using battalions of lawyers and the legal system to shut them down. D Apart from taking legal action, the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) and ‘the Big Five’ (Sony, BMG, EMI, Universal/PolyGram and Wamer- Electra-Atlantic) are also exploring technical avenues to end their misery. One method is Liquid Audio which is an alternative format that does not play illegal files. It is the first digital music commerce system featuring copy protection and Copyright management, as well as the largest digital music distribution network.> BN Wear TW ading 61 C visabDlY””. E.On top of that, the RIAA has introduced the Secure Digital Music Initiative (SDMI) which is a coalition of about 15 companies in the technology and music industries who are working to develop an end-to-end Serial Copy Management Standards (SCMS) system that will prevent illegal distribution of copyrighted music over the Internet. It is hoped that future downloads of mp3s can be encoded with a digital watermark and ultimately prevent people from playing illegal ones. F To the big recording companies’ dismay, it may be time to face the music and come up with a way to redefine the industry. The disheartening fact is that digital information will keep developing and it is here to stay. The industry will have to cease 2 illions on signing up big names and producing, distributing 3 d fevenue will have to be generated in different ways. five emu Diy more live performances and appearances or ISLE Fab ists’ websites to generate a higher income. G Mp3s have also had varying effects on the artists who write and perform the music. One hit wonders fair worst in this situation as no one is going to go to the record shop to buy a CD for just one song. Other artists who have proven themselves to be successful obviously do not depend on just one song for their income and therefore are not hit so hard. Some have even supported the mp3 industry by producing mp3 format only songs. Unsigned, up and coming acts also benefit as they are able to have a far greater reach by using the Internet as a means of boosting online sales, finding distributors and giving themselves greater exposure. Essentially, mp3s can bring the artists closer to the listeners as they are cutting out all the middlemen who assist in producing CDs, which also makes them very cost effective as there is no packaging and hardly any production costs involved. H. The fact is that through the Internet a single file can be distributed to thousands of people in an instant at « cost that lets all parties save. Those few dollars are going to add up and augment rather than hurt the market. Once a workable revenue model can be formulated, mp3s will be seen to benefit and check the industry os opposed to threaten it. Fie tg Megara uo Las eer en pert ea ue Crd— C BWesy 62 | IELTS Practice Tests visa D 1Y Questions 1-7 Reading passage | has eight paragraphs A-H. Which paragraphs concentrate on the following information? Write the appropriate letters A-H in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. NB You need only write ONE letter for each answer. 1 Recording companies must confront the truth. 2 Copying music is not new. w, eehy play bootlegged files. sjdraW visits to websites. PMS CED UEY es cuicsy and economically 6 Relatively unknown bands will have bigger audiences. 7 A consortium developing a copy protection system. Questions 8-13 Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS fiom the passage, answer the following questions. Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet. 8 What is the penalty for selling music you copied? 9 Which audio format caused a significantly smaller downturn in sales? 10 Which people are the record companies fighting against? 11 What is Warner-Electra-Atlantic a part of? 12 What was Liquid Audio the first example of in digital music? 13 What will SCMS use in future audio files?C G PASSA wes T TWO: Reading | 63 vise You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27 which are based on Reading Passage 2. visaDlY The fact that around one in four people around the world suffer from myopia has resulted in a lot of research being done into the causes and development of this eye disease. Despite all the theories, there have been no conclusive answers, which means a quarter of the population still live with the inconvenience and hassle of wearing glasses or contact lenses to correct their vision impairment. So what do we know? Myopia, also known as nearsightedness or shortsightedness, results from the resting eye focussing on objects in the distance. For the eye to look at objects close to the subject, the lens must increase in thickness and in the radius of curvature. Subjects with this condition often have excessively long eyes which results in the image forming in front of the retina as opposed to on it. Myopia The main culprit of this deformation impairment is excessive postnatal eye growth. Although some cases arise in early adulthood, the majority are formed in the early school years. Around 5% of cases lead to blindness and it predisposes shortsighted people to retinal detachment, retinal degeneration and glaucoma. ‘As mentioned earlier, who is actually prone to this illness has not yet been fully determined. However, those more likely to develop the impairment are children with myopic parents or those doing ‘near work’. If you suffered childhood illnesses, low birth weight, used night lights as a child or have nearsighted siblings, you may also be more susceptible to the condition. Thus it can be seen that researchers are divided as to whether the disease is caused by genetic or environmental factors. URC Perrot aU Gala pra De Moree oc me nats tr ea ue Cyd64 | IELTS Practice Tests There are two main points supporting the genetic argument. Firstly, there is evidence to suggest that myopia may be due toa dominant gene that is inherited by the child from the parents. Secondly, it is also thought that myopia may be caused by influences from the nervous system that are not normal and have a negative impact on the developing eye. Although there is ample evidence to support the fact that myopia runs in families, this evidence has not been linked as a definite cause for the devs i this is ental ws no validity. /MISADLY..... factors up into two main contributors. One is that too much ‘close work’ is attributed to the development of myopia. The other is a theory which states that night lights may be responsible for myopia in infants. For the former, experiments have been conducted on both monkeys and chicks to prove its validity. They were forced to view objects at a close distance. By limiting their visual field, there were definite and extreme changes in their ocular refraction which led to the animals becoming myopic. For the latter, tests conducted on infants concluded that those who were exposed to anight light had a greater tendency to develop myopia. In fact, the more light they were exposed to, the more C BWeEM visaDlY prevalent nearsightedness became. However, much more study is needed to verify the results of this research on night lights. There are still some question marks over the tests’ validity. Some believe that myopic parents are more likely to light the rooms of their children, making it a genetic and not an environmental factor. Some have suggested that research hasn't been extended to all ethnic groups, especially Asians in whom the incidence of myopia tends to be higher, Others have asked how an infant's eye can recall the damage it received earlier in life when the impairment doesn't manifest itself till later in life. Finally the research is also reliant on parents’ recollection of their child’s earlier childhood events being accurate. This essentially means that you do not need to go and start throwing out your children’s night lights just yet. With the lack of concrete evidence on how myopia is caused, it is hard to determine a way of preventing the condition. Cures are available to some. The most popular is probably Lasik eye treatment. This is where lasers are used to correct one’s vision, However, this is not a miracle cure as it can have side effects and even be quite dangerous for some. So for now around 25% of the population continues to power on through challenges with their glasses or contact lenses regardless of how it may affect their lifestyle. DUR eee aU Ga Ca Dee ce cme otha Catz] Ci Oe eo cdWes C visa . Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Questions 14-19 Passage 2? In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN _ if there is no information on this in the passage Irrefutable proof has been given for the causes and development of myopia. hen objects in the distance become out of focus. OAKES OREO birth results in long eyes, 17 Nearsighted people are not more likely to develop retinal problems. 18 If you have myopic brothers or sisters, it increases the chances of you developing myopia. 19 Myopia may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. bic linlollh atari uo Las pert feeeriunr seo sear ree