iTEP PRACTICE GUIDECopyright © 2019 by iTEP international Alig reserved. Printed inthe United Stats of Ameria Except as permitted ude the ned States Copy et of 1975, no pat ofthe pubaton maybe repre or dstibuted in any form or by ay mes, o stored ina tse orev system thou the por writen consent the publisher Alinquies should be addressed to: ITEP international . 8183887 3888 reps iTEPexam comBD Cm me Preface ae w UNIT1GRAMMAR 16 Introduction to Grammar. 3 Chapter 1:Verb Forms 4 Chapter 2: Logical Connectors 3 CChapter 3: Active and Passive Voice Verbs 128 Chapter 4: Gerunds and Infinves ..... ae sy Chapter 5: Prepositions and Meaning 38 Chapter 6: Articles and Demonstratives : a2 Chapter 7: Comparatives and Superlatives i es 50 Chapter 8: Pronouns .. 59 Chapter 9: Nouns pana oe Chapter 10: Conditionals n Chapter 11: Parallel Structure so... an Chapter 12: Modal Verbs. ee UNIT 2 LISTENING 89 Introduction to Listening... ae a” Chapter 1; Catching Detais erie er) Chapter 2: Making Implications . os 95 Chapter 3: Main idea « Soicae 7 CChapter 4: Determining the PUrpOSe. 98 CChapter 5: Connecting Content ...... ee 101 Chapter 6: Longer Conversations. oe ie Chapter 7: Lecture. 1108; UNIT 3 READING a ns_ Introduction to Reading ......-ees-se ae Chapter 1: Main dea ..... 5 : 124 Chapter 2: Catching Detalls wie el CChapter 3: Vocabulary -.....-.00+. = 17 Chapter 4: Synthesis Questions ae ie Chapter s:Sequending.....2.ec0.0-= ast Chapter 6: PART 1, SLATE Passages. — 159 CChapter 7: Part 2, ACADEMIC PaSSag€ «oo. sseo0s se eee Chapter 8: SLATE Practice vse. ssessesss Saree Chapter 9: ACADEMIC Practice es 176Fr ri UNIT 4 WRITING : 183 cs Introduction to Writing... : aes C Chapter 1: Scoring the Wrting Section 196 ry Chapter 2: Strategies for Practice and Success ....... oe J Chapter: Developing Thinking Sills = 26 fa] Chapter 4: Features of Effective Writing. 222 Q Chapter 5: Developing Paragraphs se ed) Ei Chapter 6: Cohesion and Coherence. ........+ : 233 ® Chapter 7:AFormal Wing Sie. ane 351 2 Chapter 8: Practlce oo. sosseseeeecscesssesveees ae & Chapter 9: Wiring Quizzes ssesssssssscssessetseeesteees 1287 UNIT 5 SPEAKING 273 Introduction to Speaking ......- ee 275 Chapter 1: Base Skls for FTEP Speaking... oe Chapter 2: Speaking Par 1 .-.---vsesesses : 280 Chapter 3: Speaking Part? ..... 5 ot Chapter 4: Advanced Speaking SAIS. .........0+- i 288 Chapter 5: Practice 291 Appendix Scripts & Answer Keys 301 ‘Appendix: Additional Practice 303 SLATE Listening Scripts... soe 1304 SLATE Part... ee — 304 SLATE Part2 306 SLATE Part’3 a vce cae ACADEMIC Ustening Scripts oo esse oss a ait ‘ACADEMIC Part 1 ACADEMIC Part 2 ACADEMIC Part 3 Answer Key. Unit 1 Grammar. Unit 2 Listening, Unit 3 Reading Unit 4 WritingPreface WELCOME! Welcome to The /TEP Practice Guide. This practice guide can serve asa companion texto the Official iT? Preparation Guide or can be used as a stand-alone text. This practice {guide picks up from the many great exercises inthe Official ITEP Preparation Guide with ‘additional explanations expications, exercises and practice. The Official ITEP Preparation {Guide includes details on registering for EP and taking ITEP tests. The preparation guide ‘also includes diagnostic tests. ITEP recommends that test-takers and schools purchase {and complete the orientation and exercses inthe Official ITP Preparation Guide before or atthe same time as this practice guide. With both texts, you will be well prepared for Success onthe ITEP exams. The TEP Practice Guide focuses on the ITEP Academic Core, Academic Plus, SLATE (Secondary Level Assessment Test of English) Core, SLATE Pls, Business Core, and Business Plus tests. You will be able to practice listening to actual dalogues and lectures. ‘online, and you wil also have the opportunity to answer corresponding questionsin the book. Exercises for grammar istening, reading, writing and speaking are provided, and the different types of questions in each section are examined in detal with ample ‘opportunities fr practic. This companion text is best used witha teacher orn a cass. Athough for those at the high-intermediate level (CEFR B2 and abv), itis also suitable for seit study. Language learning and development happens well with interaction so working with a tutor or even, 2a friend wil be helpful ‘This guide provides strategies and tps for working with the ITEP exam and even includes some helpful strategies for English-language learning overall eongPenaeStructure of The iTEP Practice Guide ‘The overall structure ofthis text covers each part of ITEP Academic, SLATE, and Business. In addition, the guide includes practice quizzes and tests. The answers to these are found in the Appendix. ‘The Grammar Unit provides a detailed overview of grammar points and key grammar areas that are covered on the ITEP Academic, SLATE and Business exams. Each overall ‘grammar area linked tothe corresponding question type that addresses that area. “These links are found inthe highlighted boxes atthe beginning of each Grammar chapter. ‘The Listening Unit goes into detail about different question types found inthe Listening Section of TEP Academic, SLATE, and Business. Fist, examples of te short dialogue and corresponding questions are addressed. Then, examples of longer dialogues and lectures are provided along with practice and explanations for each question. All ofthe Listening, exercises are recorded, so you must listen frst before answering the questions and reading the explanations. The Listening exercises can be found on the TEP website at hhttps:// www TEPexam.com/practiceguide. ‘The Reading Unit addresses the different question types found in the Reading Section OfITEP Academic, SLATE, and Business. It also provides repeated short passages with ‘hich to analyze the different question types. inthis way, you can focus on the content and the different ways of analyzing and working with a Reading passage. Longer passages and practice tests are also provided, and detailed strategies are presented. ‘The Writing Unit looks at examples oftest-taker writing and grader responses, and ‘the unit also provides explanations ofthe varied types of Writing questions found on ITEP Academic, SLATE, and Business. Practice and strategies for writing under a time constraint are provided, and worksheets encourage you fo write and think about your ‘opinions and how to express them. Aspects of formal, academic writing are discussed, ‘and diferent components of formal writing are presented. ‘The Speaking Unit has a comprehensive, strategic approach and describes the different ‘question types in the Speaking Section of ITEP Academic, SLATE, and Business. Examples of answers and ways to succeed in the Speaking Section are provided. ‘We hape you enjoy this practice guide! We know you wil ind ithelpful to you in your test preparation goals and overall language development. Gerge@ moeUNIT 1 GRAMMARa) Unit 1 Introduction to Grammar Getting to Know iTEP Grammar “The ITEP Grammer ‘The ITEP Grammar Section is comprised of 25 Seetion tests your ability ‘multiple-choice questions, each of which tests the _—_—to answer questions that examine'sfamilarity with a key feature of English ‘fall structure, This section includes a range of structures ‘rom simple to more complex, as well as both + sentence structure beginning and advanced vocabulary. Each type of pene question is preceded by on-screen examples. There parts of speech are two types of questions in the ITEP Grammar eels ‘Section: complete the sentence and error pices ‘correction. the complete-the-sentence questions ‘ask the testtaker to chose the correct answer to.correctlfillin the blank. The error-correction marr ‘questions ask the testtaker to choose which Underlined choice is grammatically incorrect. + expressing quantity STRUCTURE Grammar Section Examples . 10 Minutes Complete the Sentence (CEFR A Level to C Level Part 1 Yesterday we _______thenew public library. erpaaiedues Avsit blank, multiple-choice S.isted questions itis Dwisting vale * Twelve multiple- Error Correction ae ee Identify the incorrect word in the sentence below English structures ‘Rehearsals forthe school play began next week and the first performance willbe the week ater ‘the 8.began catrst Daafterpcan Chapter 1 Verb Forms eet ‘One ofthe most common types of questions on the Grammar Section will require you to know the right Expressing Time “This chapter's questions generally test one ofthe form of a verb to chocse based ona time expression Used in the sentence. n other types of TEP questions, Itmight be that the form of the verb is incorrect, and ‘you must identity thisincorrect usage asthe right “The most common types oftime expression can be considered as habitua (or happening on a regular basis), speci past, non-specific past, and happening now. There are certain forms of verbs that usually coincide with these expressions. Your ability to Subs sted in bold type below. verb forms. sentence structure recognize these expressions wil help you to choose the right answers onthe TEP Grammar Section. parts of speech articles and prepositions expressing quantity + pronouns Look at the following chart for examples of typical time expressions for these time. categories, “ime category Example time | Exprossions| Verb cotegory Verb Form Eeamplas abu ‘everday somtimes ewer ‘on Wednesdays inthe spring every simple present take aes driver aves tata “shesuaes rmeorne peat Past Tastweek yesterday twoyears ago lestyear in1996 | ook rove tale Non Specie ast for25 years present perfect has taken /have ‘ten read tren has talked have ‘hea has stdled /have indore rT righenow carrendy sttistine Progressive amtaking sretaling amreacing isveading seereading ‘she i sudingor otestehe wl he[EEE [2" bite ime expressions, use a simple present ver form. For specific past time expressions, usea simple past verb form, For non-specific past time expressions, use a present perfect verb form. For a happening-now time expression, use a present progressive verb form. Habitual : 2 Take a look at an example of a habitual time expression and verb form. Verb Forms Example 1 Mrs, Brown _______her children to school by car every day Ataking Biistaken takes Dihas taken ‘The correct answer fr this example is°C.”In the sentence, you see that taking the children to school is an action that Mrs. Brown does habitually. In other words, itisher habit. Other answers are Incorrect for specific reasons, Answer “Ais incorrect because itis an incomplete form of a verb. Answer Ais an example of avery common incorrect answer on ITER, and you must be able to recognize the reason why tis incorrect in order not to regard such answers as correct. In order for answer “A” tobe possible, there would reed to be some auxiliary verb form precedingit, ether in the answer or in the sentence. For example, if answer A’ were “staking” then the verb form would be complete although stil incorrect because of the sentence’ last two words. The time expression “every day” clearly points to answer °C" as the correct answer, ‘Answer B"is incorrect because itis a passive form ofthe verb, and answer "D” is incorrect because it is @ present perfect form of the verb, Verb Forms Example 2 ‘Mrs, Brown staking her children to school by car every day. Atetaking Bo coy Diday Because you ate trying to identify the incorrect word for this sentence, the correct answer SA. since the action 1s not happening now, buts instead habitual, a simple present verb like “takes” should be used instead of a present progressive verb lke “s taking” CaP wenaPe Controlling for Plural Forms Now, look ata similar example. This example is almost identical tothe previous example ‘except for one vital difference, the subjects plural Verb Forms Example 3 ‘The parents _—_ take B.were taken | taking takes their children to school by car every day Control for plural forms i avery common grammar skill that ITEP tests. You must be able to recognize thatthe subjectin example 2s plural, and therefore requires the verb form “take.” Therefore, answer" is correct. Answer "D”f incorrect because it assumes that there isa singular subject, but the subject is plural. Answer “Bis incorrect because Itisa passive form ofthe verb, Answer "Ci incorrect because itis an incomplete form of the verb, Spe Below is another example of verb forms and time expressions. Example 4 Last week, the president ofthe company. ‘thatthe company's offices would bbe moving ‘A.announced B.has announced Chad annaunced ©. was announcing ‘The correct answer for this example s‘A.” The specific time expression of "Last week” means that there was a specific action taken ata specific ime in the past. Therefore, a ‘simple past form ofthe verb is required to complete this sentence correctly. Answer "3" is 2 present perfect form of the verb and not appropriate for this specific time expression. ‘Answer °C" a past perfect form of the verb and isnot appropriate for a single past time expression. Answer *D" isa past progressive form ofthe verb and would only be appropriate if accompanied by some other past tense clause, ress oesNon-Specific Past Sometimes, sentences express something that has happened inthe past, but the exact, time's not speci. n these cases, the important facts that ithappened or thot person or group of people had the experienc, Below isan example of sucha sentence Example 5 Mrs. Johnson. Alves 8 lving C.isiving Dihastived In this neighborhood for 30 years. ‘The correct answer is “D: The key time expression here is “for 30 years" All other answers are incorrect because the time expression “for 30 years” requires a present perfect form ofthe verb (has/have). Answer “A" would be correct ony ifthe expression "for 30 years" were not included in the sentence. Answer BI an incomplete form of the verb, Controlling for Plurals ‘Again, you must always be ready to control for plural and singular forms. Example 6 is. ‘almost identical to example 5. Can you detect the error? Example 6 Mrs, Brown and her husband has led in this nelghbornood for 30 year. Asher B hae thie D.for ‘The correct answer is “B" because the plural subject requires the plural form ofthe vverb—"have lived” Like example 3, answer "D"is incorrect because "has" Is fora singular subject. Pueta a Happening Now ‘An example ofthe time expression/verb Form for happening now is below. Example 7 we _any more applications at this ime, ‘Aare nottaken have nt taken Care nottaking do nottaking ‘The correct answer to this question Is °C." The key time expression inthis example is ‘at this time." Answer A” s incorrect because Its a passive verb form. Answer "2" is incorrect because it a present perfect verb form. Answer "D” is incorrect because the {gerund form “taking” is inappropriate when following do not” Now take a look at four examples of how to identify the incorrect part ofa sentence for «each ofthese four time expressions: habitual, specific past, non-specific past and ‘happening now. Hab Example 8 Every Saturday morning the socer tear was taining nthe university gym, and itis closed to allather students The correct answer is “was raining” With te time expression “very Saturday morning" the habitual tense"trains” would be the correct form, Specific Past = Example 9 Last year, the city council creating anew park inthe center of town. ‘The correct answer is “creating” The correction would be “created” to match the time. ‘expression “Last year” rapaExample 10 ‘My wife andi ve nextta the police station for 25 years. ‘The correct answer ive." Due to the time expression “fr 25 years" the present habitual tense is incorrect. The correction would be “have lived” or "lived." Note the sliffecence between “have lived” and “ved The verb phrase "have lived" means that the ‘couple i stil lving next tothe police station. The verb lived” means thatthe couple no longer lives next tothe police station, but did in the past for 25 years. Happening Now —_ Example 11: ‘The theater company is currenty hold auitions fr the new production thatit plans to stage. ‘The correct answer is "hol." The correction should be “holding” to make the present progressive form with the auxiliary verb "is." ‘co renaRe Chapter 1 Quiz ‘Complete the Sentence: 1. On Mondays, my sister _ her fiends for coffee. ‘Avrides Beraing Cisriging Dihasridden her bike to schoo! before she meets up with 2. Right now |_ Atsweiting B.amriting have writen D.has writen ‘an essay on Marianne Moore; she is my new favorite poet. 3. The Mona Lisa is a classic painting, and there _aprinthangingin my _Erandmothers living room, As Bare were Diam 4. Backin2001,1____ ‘A.am bicycling B.havebieyded C bicyeea bing the way from San Francisco to Los Angeles. 5. For 100 years the Daughters of American War Veterans vith service people. ‘Achave Bihaving al have Dis been donating ime 6. Twoyears ago, both Mike and Nick. fom the university with the best grades. A graduate 8. graduated are graduating Dil graduate ren Es7. Since her tenth birthday, she B having have been practicing her flute daily. Error Correction: 8. Every night Kara reading to her daughter as she rocks herto sleep after dinner. ‘Aight 8. reading Cher D.after 9, This morning started a music cass; nw! learning plano. AThs B.Istarted now Dis 10. Wed visited the local farmers market several times this year A.We di f.the local C several Dithisyear 11, Yesterday ater school, she walks tothe library allby herself ‘Aster Bales call Diherseit 12. Occasionally, the rain fll for hours, keeping everyone inside where they watch ‘movies until the rain stops. ‘Afel B. everyone Cowthere Dune 13, Myjob is hiring new staf, so.now they have giving me fewer hours. My 2 ishing Csonow Dihave Srpi "4, When she was in the fifth grade, Tha win the spelling compection.. ‘A. When ashe ctr Dawin 15. Every year my family is watching the fireworks that explode in the sky on Memorial Day. Amy Bis watching that Bion re ra aDChapter 2 Logical Connectors Connecting Content ‘This chapter's questions Logical connectors are used to connect two parts ofa sentence that have a meaning relationship. The generally test one of the Subskils sted in bold ‘meaning relationship between these two parts of the type below. sentence can be separated into four categories: time, ‘cause and effect, oppositional, and conditional e Each category of meaning can use various techniques for joining the two related parts ofthe sentence : ‘These connecting methods include adverb-clause : connectors, conjunctions, prepositions, and sentence ‘expressions. The meaning relationship and the connecting methad determine which verb form should be used. Many grammar questions on the ITEP test evaluate your ability to recognize the rules that govern this system of expression ‘Below is a useful chartto get yourself started on becoming an expert at recognizing these types of verb forms sentence structure conjunctions parts of speech articles and prepositions expressing quantity pronouns ITEP questions and answering them correctly, After reviewing the char, please look closely at the example sentences, “tmeneaning eastandtect | Oppositional | Condions! | Tiree | cng Meonne ‘icon at ater before, | because centougn it vinnie sic, | atnen ness Sncewbeneen | snce thous went Sroonas, | powtnat we Prods Stlongas,——|sslongar | whereas Prowding ta Bytetme — [sonar were treme | inorder tae thter ort ir ne bu conjunctions | ” nat ertese i | E | urea tecoueot | despoe | reposition | Seore | | on | sen | gera = = =—S ime Meaning C2UEE-ANEEHEct Oppositional Cantonal 8 | ceri Meaning Meaning then therefore however thernioe next ‘omaquerty | nonetheless serthat verte sentence | fotowing nat ‘nthe thes hand Expressions before that nconvast rere: onthe contrary Detoenana ‘The logical-connectors chart is important because twill help you begin to understand the variations in sentence structure that are common on the ITEP exam. The groups cof examples below show sentences with identical meanings but different sentence structures. Group A + The socer team lost the match because many of the players Became sick the right before. + Because many ofthe players became sick the night before, the saccer team lost ‘the match + Many of the players became sick the night before, so the soccer team lost the match, + The soccer team lost the match due tothe sickness that many players had the right before. + Because ofthe sickness that many ofthe players had the night before the soccer team lost the match, Many ofthe players got sic the night before. Therefore, the soccer team lost the match. ‘reirGroup B eee a + Even though many ofthe players were sick. the soccer team sil won the match + The soccer team stilwon the match though many ofthe players were ic. Many ofthe players were sick, but the soccer team silwon the match, + Despite the tebe sickness they had goten the right before, the soccer team won the match +The soccer team won the match despite the sickness that many ofthe players had + Many ofthe players gt sk the night before, Nonetheless, they silwon the match the next dy. Group C + after the saccer team had won the game, they were greeted by ther fans outside the stadium, +The socer team members were greeted ther fans outside the stadium after they had won the game. +The soccer tam members were greeted by their fans ouside the stadium after winning the game + AMter wining the game, the socer team members were greted by their fans ouside the stadium +The socer team won the game. Then, they were greeted by ther fans ouside the stadium, Group D 2 + Ifthe provincial government does not fund the new road project, traffic will continue to get worse in ths area, + Traffic continue to get worse inthis area if the provincial government does ot fund the new road project. + The provincial government wil fund the new road project, or ese trafic wll continue to get worse in this area, + The provincial government wil fund the new road project. Otherwise, traffic wil continue to get worse in this area, From the chart and groups of sample sentences above, it may seem that the system of creating retatiorships betweet clauses English is complicated. The good news is that it isin fact a system that is predictable and governed by rules. Once you know these rules, you can apply them to making decisions on the Grammar Section of the TEP exam. Your teacher willbe able to help you learn more about the chart and ways to connectideas in sentences. Below are ust afew methods that ITEP might use to assess your skis in this. Grape oei In general, you will need tobe aware ofthe different forms that can be used to express ‘similar meanings. in many cases, a small difference could be the deciding factor between ‘choosing the right or wrong answer on an ITEP Grammar question. Recognizing Time in Complex Sentences “Time expressions are nt the only way o show the concept of time na sentence. English has mary ways to express ime, or more accurately, express that one event happened before o aftr another event. In many cases, the ITEP exam will require youto recognize the time relatonshipsin sentences inorder to choose the correct answers. is ften the form ofthe verb that caries the corect expression ofthe time relationship a many ‘cases, the TEP Grammar Section wil test your abt to choose the correct form ofthe verb based on the other information in the sentence In these types of sentences, two {lauses wil often be separated by an adverbcause connector such as before” or after” ‘Take a look atthe chart below to See the typical ver forms that willbe found with these types of sentences. Consider these sentences below. Each one has two underlined pats. Which part happened fst, and which one happened second? 1. The teacher will give the students homework before the lass finishes. 2. Before the class finishes, the teacher wil give the students homework. 3. The hostand hostess ofthe party relaxed after the last guests had left. 4. After the last guests had lef, the host and hostess ofthe party relaxed. Example 1 ‘Timothy passed a written test and a road test Abecause Boniyif during before ‘The correct answer s"D. Answers A" and "Bare incorrect because these connectors {orm separate clauses, and therefore require a subject in each clause. Answer "C"is Incorrect becauze the gerund verb form "getting" cannot follow the proposition “hiring ‘That construction does not make logical sense. ______ getting his drivers teense re ope aaaExample 2 So the cy bull the neighborhood park, there was nowhere fo the children to play Aso 8. but there for ‘The correct answer's." If the two clauses were reversed, then “So" would be an acceptable connector. Because the "bul the neighborhood park” isthe second of two events, the correction would be to change So" to "Before" Knowing the Difference Between So, Because, Because of, Due to, and Therefore ITEP Grammar questions might assess your ability to differentiate between the sentence structures used to express cause and effect in English. There are many options for ‘making this kind af relationship between parts of sentences. you review Group A in the sentences above, you will see many different sentence structures being used to express the same idea. These examples show you certain forms you will need to recognize to help, you choose the right answer on the ITEP Grammar Section, Below are the sentences ‘rom Group Awith further explanation and guidance. Adverb-Clause Connectors ‘The first two sentences below use the adverb-clause connector “because” to join the cause-and-effect ideas. n this case, there are two clauses inthe sentence, so you should Identity two subjects and two verbs. Remember, a lause has both a subject and a verb, and sentences with two clauses are known as complex sentences. Form 1: Adverb-couse connector inthe mille ‘The soccer team last the match because any of the players hecame sckthe night before ‘ubject *verb + adv. connector subject verb. ue: Tere no comma sed his for. Form 2: Adverb-clouse connector atthe beginning [Because mary of the players became sick the nigh before, the soccer team last the match. ‘adv-connector # subject + verb, ‘subject + verb te: A comma is need nfo, Form 3: Coordinator Conjunction Many of the players became sick the night before, so the soccer team lost te match, ‘subject verb, coordinate conjunction + subject + verb. oe comme used in hisform amepETD aee ‘Form 4: Prepostona phrase atthe beginning ‘Because ofthe sickness that many of te players had the nght before, the saccer team last fhe mate. preposition + objec, subject + verb. Note he ference Between Fm 1 and Form They look very silo. However in Frm 4 there ae aot ‘0 closes, jst one Remember “bacaus oa preposion, Nt oo oars conector Form 5: Preposition in the middle The Soccer team lost the match due tthe sickness that many players had the night befor, subject verb + preposition + object. Note: No comma sed ths form. Form 6: Sentence expression, two sentences Many of the players got sick the night before. Therefore the soccer team lost the match subject + verb, Ssent-expression, subject + verb, ese A commer used when “Therefore” onpers othe begining of sentence Example 3 ‘The computer i infected with spyware protection 8. unt because Batter does not have up-to-date antivirus ‘The correct answer is “C." The sentence has two clauses with subjects and verbs and the adverb-connector “because” makes the most sense in this sentence. Example 4 ‘During tis the middle of August, you can expect the temperature outside to be 100 degrees. ‘During B.of Cyoucan temperature This example begins with a prepositional phrase, but the combination “During itis" is correct, and therefore the correct answer is‘A.* The correction would be “because” or ‘corgiKnowing the Difference Between Despite/in Spite Of and Even Though/Although/Though Confusion can happen between various methods for joining ideas in sentences. For example, tis easy to confuse the prepositions “despite” and “in spite of” and the adverb- Clause-connectors “even though, “although and "though." Below you can revisit the sentences from Group B. Form 1: Adverb-clouse connector atthe beginning Even though many ofthe players were sic, the soccer team stilwon the match. adv. clause connector + subject + verb, subject + verb, Noe: corn i usel in his frm Form 2: Adverb-clouse connector inthe middle “The soccer team still won the match though many of the players were sick subject + verb + adv.clauseconnector + subject + verb. Noe: There a comma in this form. Form 3: Preposition atthe beginning Despite the teribe sickness they had gotten the night before, the soccer-team won ‘the match. preposition + object subject + verb Noe: comme i used in his frm. Form 4: Preposition in the middle ‘The soccer team won the match despite the sickness that many of the players had. subject + verb + preposition + object. Nowe: No comme fs needed for this form. ‘aor raei Example 5 Katie would ike to rde racehorses competitively fra ling____her mother strongly disapproves, ‘A though B despite Cso that D.inspite of ‘The correct answer is “A” Answers "B" and"D” are incorrect because both would require the verb to be in the gerund form “disapproving.” Answer “C" i incorrect because "sO that” would make the sentence illogical, and also because it would require the verb to use the conditional form "would disapprove" or future form "wil disapprove Example 6 We decided to stay atthe park although the rain that was geting us wet, ‘decided Bithe although D. geting “The correct answer is °C." Ths connector i incorrect because ofthe additional clause connector "that If that” were removed from the sentence, it would be correct. Because removing “that's not an option, the correction would be “inspite of ‘aoeig the ‘As you can see, knowing the difference between the sentence connectors is very important for writing and speaking English well. also helps in the Grammar Section for the TEP exam. Another pair of commonly confused connectors is “during” and "while “During” is a preposition, and “while” an adverb-clause connector. EID the clause connector “while” is usually followed by a subject and a verb. “During” is usually followed by a noun or noun phrase. ‘Form 1: Adverb-clouse connector t the beginning While he was running the race; he felt apain growing in his knees. ‘adv. clause connector + subject + verb, subject + verb. ‘Note A comma is used inthis form Form 2: Prepastion atthe beginning ofthe sentence During the race, he fet a pain growing in his knees Preposition + object, subject + verb. ‘Note A comma is needed for his form. Example 7 The older couple fll asleep__ the final act ofthe play. Aduring 8 while because D. despite ‘The correct answer is “A” Because “the final act of the play" does not contain a verb, this i a prepositional phrase. “During” the only preposition among the answers. The remaining answers are incorrect because they require a clause witha subject and verb to fallow. en ‘araPcenn Example 8 ‘During the man who drove the red car was tlling his side ofthe story, the driver of the other ‘ar lnvolved in the aeldent lef the scene. A. During Bho mas tling ithe “The correct answer is*A” Because there are two clauses of events happening simultaneously the adverb-clause-connector “while” is necessary and not the preposition “During” Garp aemChapter 2 Quiz Complete the Sentence: 1 ies raining, the children will nt be able o go outside and play AR Asiongas 8. During Before .Upon 2. Meganisgoing to major in scence ‘whereas 2. during Cas D.after she wants to become a physicist. 3. Vehicle damage wil continue potholes on local streets and highways. Ait Buniess Coevenif D.once the state doesnot repair the many 4. Martha prefers to watch jazz and tap dancing performances prefers a classic ballet production. ‘as soonas B.aslongas cwhereas Dawhenever no major unexpected 5. My fami kes to begin Christmas shopping early, bill pop up. A since incase naw that D. provides 6. Wait unt you hear from me__ Aunt 8. during before Disince __ you complete the application for the student loa. ange eiDavid Hockney is nearly 0 years old he continues to create art invaea ways using modern media and technology. A. Ater Whenever Cuncase . Eventhough ‘8, Wait_____yousave enough money fora down payment, before you try to purchase, car. Acwhen 8. because Cunt our Error Correction: 9. Iwill eave 20 minutes early when | arrive on time evenif there is trafic. leave Bavehen Con Deevenit 10. Where my brother ving at home with our parents ell save money. ‘A.Where B living Cour Diet! 11. The kids want to goto the 200 ater school, whereas the snake exhibit is open. Atogoto Batter Chereae is open 12. You canbe happy unless you take the steps to make yourslf so. You BLuniess cto yourself Se ——— —————————————— aoe ae