| Introduction:
The Enemies of Architecture
and Memory
“imped ete thio thn ithaca
hehe Lt seg gr sont nt ate
ort se Lesa chad shan et ewe
apne = el erp. This pres igen me
‘mh ne than bade expen at er
Thee eer wer a moa
pata en eg ai ene te
“Teresboth horror nd sition at somethings apse perma
entasabldig vreting that one expects tous anu sen,
Ineting a uty end. Asa areal cbse ch as ie
tno fl tg of destacton wreak on Expt erage
Ite Seon Weld Wao ale ound the a ec ey
voles any height abot vans ease hoses eae
pt tes thu eton, tthe sete i i rong een tobe ced
‘tinge finaite abject inte thc
rns tage demons the perverse suring acd on ple
thence Thelen yt eater ead iil reg
reli efor a net ne shattered anisms ch
tsa st slg ado wor an nto wap aie,
tsp te Hoot a each the eso ay ee
"Theleeling of baling and ce as ay en an innit part of
‘ondating halts and has worsened x weaponry as ear heirsnd mare dette, oe things and arows ofthe past othe dy
taters ody Continent rate thins an be devastated Ts dane
ray be the det esl tar anaes oui ery ot ot
oc ora desi tspe othe enemy’ apy tft. The dis ofthe
Spalsaio ply part Butcher has lvas been another ar gant archi
"etre gig on the destruction ofthe ctrl art faery peopl
‘maton a means of dominating, eonang, dling or erating
‘Suge The ain heres the rst fn opposing amy = aac
‘fie ote wel away fom any on ne = but the pas f ethic
‘deansng or genocide by eter mean, orth rewriting hisory in the
Interns of ctor inforcing i conquests, Hee aie aso 3
totem qualia mosque for example satiny mone epee
{oitsenei the presto of cmmaity marke frase. Aa oe
ant gly ia cathe of Hel ery, evidence thal given com
‘nuns pence extend int the pt and etic iin the presen
a on ino thefts these ccustances tacts ad plats ith
eran ening reseed fr von with deliberate nen This no
total rage Thies heath ad often sytem destucton of
pra ypes or areca ted that happenin ais
‘here the esr of the memories story and identity sachet
tread place ~ enforced forget ithe gal ule Thee big re
tached nt Bae thy ain the pth ofa itary ete fo hr
Akestoyes they athe bee
‘Sih was the purpose ofthe Nai destrcon of Geman mages on
isaac in 99 to deny’ people tpt a well itu Mae han
1h, Kialla 51 age a ths book e bese a3 proto geal
«inode~ ana ofdehumniation anderen and fret stp dav
toward he ini dakcolas bbc The erasure faite
rand st dst reflection of he frtnes of people at the hand of
estoy: Daring the 1905 the was the one Tos, with the
torture mas muds ad encetation camps of ania onthe one hat
sa the rang of neq, the buring of Ubud the suaderig of
‘ridges on the oh made eliza dood pit consider
heft of mtr ele was nsplaced The between es 0)
pis render fa people snd its alte meay and the lingo
{he people thenseles i nla The conning rity of lied
society and decency eben the ght fis monuments. Thi cl
ldeasng,wiharcitetre a esmeciam sa phenomenon that haben
bey andersood isthe reson hs oka een wen, The seh
has be fred by sso ny places, om Into Boi, rom the
Wes Bak to rend hasbeen comple sing my ew iter,
‘eportsiedy ote Jouraltsand te work fay specast caderic,
soins capaiging bodes nd human igh roupsarond the wel
Macs ben witen about the dete eres f mina ea
tures ther guage, erate et and ests ~ bt ite abt the
"spesion ofthe aie, Tis ook okt bow the experiences of
prople and sehtctre under se have gone hand in hand ver the as
Coty, thw archer has beers rosy by which th eolgea
‘thn nd atonal ates ae ll ng fought ta. Numero
oul ve il sy with hs atria Kristal began jst bene
‘nialght on 9 Noveber, the 938.n these dt 98, the is
Secon ofthe Bevin Wal gun oem Fou ers te on 9/1, Sta
Most Moss store ridge, finally broght down into the NewsaS Ma a ow Tod inf cmp
‘Spf ib deal aren yt la
Sun ted ty el rs
‘yo sae te
ete
ann
areal
slvr Croat gues Ten, ofc care/sin New York aden
‘hy, ofcourse en the dt sequencing ue in Noth Areca ~ but the
meals dose o mark day destruc, This ot tome the cane
for some sr of coum agency at work ~ other dates coud equally be
matched pf tha desvtvesigaeance. Such eoindenes ae posible
beaut ofthe bigeity of he dtberste and meaning destrtion of
anbitectre and mum,
Teg with an examination othe te of bidings ae part of eoxide
and emi easing and 0 0 t examine the targeting of balding
campaigns fro and congue inthe strstars rected nd dese
tokepproples apart or fore ter ote, nth eel athe hans
tf evens nw osha want to ud Copia oe he ais othe
pst Terisa esl aoe uly tthe ps century's destoctv at
Fetal deansng can be prt of conquest congue can be eakegeal s
tel as terri tert cgbveness can be genoa nd pi
pron, The coverage thera rather than egraphal oe chroalogea
[none to bing eonctons to bear more ay, Sock there ely
‘verap the ft of Jerse’ bugs lace the ation of Ital, fot
instance, cud egal be ok at a an explo etine esasig, pat
thon o conquest here appess inthis bao) mst weave ogee
Some tse heads stn widespa an expe lo ope cape
Tense coverage to show th erat work dingo the ered desta
thf rte bon tht ney par tary constant
Ika he pola es two nade to mak pln he pled
ratureaf whit happening wes China demos Tet monasteries or
ein straglerwthisNatonal oct and Sti pst. Wh dl a
‘Qu dci tht the Word Tad Center was salable te and why id
the Talitha defy wo opinion and eda the aman Badd o dst?
{Causevite’ well own dit, "War sot a edpendent phenome,
tut the ation of pots by ferent nese the tkig behind
thereto dembenneat under extn
“Theo destruton of bling far ote than pragmatic esos so
uppnsin peacetime, ofr, adit sumposieo separate oul the
‘kepedatiogs ogee ~mademity an indotltin, ih a the
Ip ilo content ~ Bom confit beween cases and other
rps witha sce tat real pat ofthe continous remaking af out
“vionments cy lead change, a structures become rears
‘roc valle ses for a site ate fund? Demelion as fen been
‘Sloped o ba up concentrations of resistance among he pope; the
aussmannzntiono Pasi theo ase bough ths eo was
inthe wake of vient evolutionary phen), Benign ocbpabl melee
is the more omen pherarenn. Ths nye the astro
‘leolon oabuldgthat ao lngerbasa comma tose itr whee
isles lakthe econo coll paver to es testing ee
‘rato’ inproveent plans
taconpis th die be power ox presence of community thie
religous group oclsin alc or conte an elec hasty toa
pou ne eey tne» Ranges mln Landon’ ast ad pls
rtrolsked rage ped th ts trex ti etic deansing in
nate). Tha wi vy a dominant leo caus asc
is preserved and cared for: tb et canbe mindlesaly 0 porpoeilstayed oun lt These ies arto pan whet teeny
‘confit sil determines a countrys deoiion and ebulding des,
‘oe whee a cout i agtenting war appmacies. The war aleve
tionsof the twentieth and twenties, however where these pro
ces aft her most exp and bral, ad are pursued wih bratty
{hat saat withthe nit, are the fc of hi ook. Te intention
cols of ings sina elated Socal alps and ups
Ie sould be remembered though, tht theres noshing nny
pli aboe these acy’ bulldogs: dscns an aeste, it
laste, has served well aa rn nde frm, Stasis ier
lena in Bein, Mosc and Wasting, nc Medes while
‘coil by Hitler and og ned to the oud lea Masai
ay. That smo oa that he design and prction of achiectars e
from deolal ote qute the opposes saturated with But hs
‘eaten i at inert in orm bat ares whe the fom ar pad in
‘octal and storia contx the ever hanging nang ought
Triad tangata seein gel oe materials othe ay
in hich they are asl that need tobe rips, Funder
isthe mas fv hi pesence nein the deseo oblerat ten et
rate. lings are ot pot tare police by why an why
ae regu and dese
Andes edmayer, who has heen gyros campignes aginst the
destoctnn of oni nd Kowods cultural erage, quotes sora xe
Hobs in eatin othe cote fr this eon of estat
History sche ne stl for ston, retire
slit doo a poppies ae the aw mater for eon adton
there sae pst ican always be ented. The ps leg
‘ine. The pst ges amore sous acon to pee tht
lest ve nach tosh or ale
Sch wes and abuses ofthe isto eond to reconstruct oc eee
the past serenely aids on architect alent bas
also argo thatthe invention afew dons isan sel par af rea
ing continuity withthe pas, fen ath interest of eating nationalist
leas. Singing atonal anthem, reiigrting indigenous caso
ving esuretedhisorc ynboland gs esas acta thine
oat by dt eptton Rater han rengom petn | wold
‘gue tht the it of at econ oh td of espe prod
‘iontesintbeappatent prmancne orcad soe Bing and shared
spaces can beat lection in whieh ferent groups come ogee hough
‘fared experience clletine ee ar oped and traitors invented,
arcu’ erympreson of ity that maki manplton sich
«peruano stv station and destruction ca reconfigure his
‘tral ecard and the aad of fed meanings ought to arhitetae
canbe sie,
"Telos fl ty those whose asics ptimonyhs ben reduced to
rubble ot spy day the terial cont noted or sro ove the
tun ofthe seat worth wth which the trates re eared
ae, Hanna Avent has argued "The ety ad esbty ofthe
Iman word ests primary oth tha we surrounded y things
‘ore peanut than the acy by which hey were prac" To lose
silthat sf the desrcton af one's evan mean ads
Srlntaing ee fo the memories they hve invoked isthe thea
Instn ane alete Meny and tbe eet coin of those idee,
(even in ait ent ie ay hing oe an). The psoper
ears ef noted tis pocss‘Manurontal spaced each eer
‘sey aig ofthat meer an image ison ber sol vag
Tees conte collative miro moe ffl than ay perl
‘he? This tp nme Lacaian no theory: nad of the
‘reopening hms 89 drt en, show
‘ying tht nda ck no a wide commun Is about bdongig.
sera heats can leven hterogecos groups ote in ence
ofa atonal ese andthe arte representations of satchood By
ont ints tren tric elias rose wa acount)
‘or aco ts borders hte san toto ling not the ational
fag bt to thi bation comma, Here personal identity ~ the
individ sl grounded within the lies =n danger these
‘ircumstancesthere a intesicaton of allegiance tthe gop relcting
{ese for pression. Eth or rego ienieston, fo sane,
‘in become more portant than eating witha neighbourhoed. ity ot
‘ton tate Tn part hs arf oti and dene ait a ean
take thee confi so brutal nd the destiny of architect present
tons of gop ey a0 wal Niet, idenifing in noauments ‘the
"apa the ilo power coud easly have writen the sae ean
‘hie deltn a thei bung. A pacar brass fostered in
ters ener sich groups, event manifestations sometimes die
‘ceeatly plc ecnomie oe teal ances, beausethe ons
‘qrnc of he inenseation of enition with cement ls els
Insc the dfinon of those outside the group athe ober
whose terest is armen deepened by hs ines. all
‘ofc eal etn or economic and expansions, vo he
rotion a the ober, wether the ober’ nationale, els, elon,
sg ales, es the engi the difrencs betwen tw win
‘thse outside the group that eas to the devauaton of asides ad
Ther teri ptrinony Thisdehumaniationisan eset sep omarmakingt ceptable to dsmant sense, tml and cen
‘ual lth sometines thse ations ae lsd into eee sh
2 the uring ale of congregations the places of warship The npr.
‘ac of aetna conics heightened, expec in the case
‘onmemoratve monuments o are bugs blag to the ether,
Sonnets tsa ithe very bri sd stone ae git of ing the oer
28 elt eing repmesotatve of thea presence Th ey fr
feet a ae ode of thang and being dierent eral genesis —
‘mosque onion dame, sta ore
Tes not just the grandest lds or mast architectonic of monuments
aaron, to, expel ena owing can be ron
rental inthe sense of cing a ils tothe enrich eoke poop
ent. The rn nanuent we erin is roa see. These hap
tervarelokingst bth nett anuninetona murs —thove
‘hac ae dey ommembeaive and the many more hulding ht by
‘rte ofthe itary nd the deat her bles ad ut ane
sith them ave had ani thst upon the? Mae fart wor,
Such stains, retouched pon bat det ceca en dete at
length elsewhere" Sina the eansequncs of war fr other ator,
sich og, have oben wel ened although its interesting to
ten nit hey etn gg i ag
ote tht nec conics destruction and burning i a mote cmon
than soa of property =the pci vantages a sobordinated othe
desi eo radiate stead the argues et ou the fling pages
leak spect the completes of acitetre: bing gather mean
ing the bythe everyy faction, bythe presence in the ownscape
{nd therm, Tey ean hae mening tal tthe as suctures
rete, spy at container of eaning and sory. Each oe
invokermemoris Wee not taking Prtstian sable scent ast and
tere bre allough rhtecture can certainly ae these evocative sie
tes: tt rosins Woe hat these sgh of bul ~ fer be
‘hold ysng spt, ote workplace can bean inant marae
aul dese ula fate an uncon sen of prio