Design of FIR Filters on that Ha) is periodic with Fundamental period 2. H(t 2em) =H g(a)» Where mis a integer. “The magnitude response and phase frequency response of an ideal lowpas filter ae as shown in Fig. 5 F ol he (a) = LH) N Teanga nes (NT (ig. $1 (a Mognitude response... (): Phau tequencyrespone, ‘Let() be the input and y{n) be the outpt ofan ideal lowpass fier having an impulse response hyn. Sines, pass ites an LT system, we may write 18 DTFT on bth the sides of equation Y(o)= X(0) Hao) we get pele, jalcey 9, a dloler aEy Ting ive DTFT on baths ef eqn (9, we Bt vinest-0) she cpt ‘of he lowpass fier 6 song bat the inst dyed ty a aoa ‘Hence “ie’ Hinesrpase tas not altered ‘the shape of x(n), simply translated it by an & Conversely if the phase had oot been linea, the output signal would have been a version of : ig. 63: An impute response W() 5.2 Pater-Wiener THeorem dois causal sequence with hn) =O fr Fg. £4: An impute response ha) thats symmetic wih respec! fo midpola! for M ode. 2 transform ofa causal finite duration sequence Hn) that begins at n= O and ends at xa : Ha= Dae Tis immediate implication ofthis ret i that an ide filter cannot be eau, because itis 2eo within aa “interval of fequencies (a, x as shown in Fig 52, nd therefore integral in equation (56) weal be init q pen Piesltaloritog(Oy=-2 J ogi tian|doxs0 ~ & er ond the Poey- Wiener conden. nc impottinfeac we mae ce aley- Wins hore tht fia) canbe 0 tone equence, butt cannot be zero over any inte bind. ies, because the integral then becomes unbifaded, 5.3 Symmernic ANo Annsymmeteic FIR Fi EA) represents the impulse response is that A(n) must have afte duration Mathematically, in)= AWW-1-m) —[Symmeic), ae ae atti fm phin ‘Since m isa dummy vaiabe, it canbe replaced byw. Acordigl equation (58) becomes, symmetic about its midpoint 5 3 Ha ¥ horer S na-t_mye en AQV-1 =m) = Ko) forn= Mo)=-H(~ 1m) [Antisymmetsic}, ives a linearphase FIR filter, Let us now prove that linear-phase fi (58) 69) (510)sont tates = wwe cai ‘The sens ep ote il ter reps He) abn ying = en MC. Aron H(e!) =H 0) = 5 Hnye-lO™ peril oy bi H (= He) (4 ih He) = Hao) where, H(a) is areal fiction of o, we et, rr Sonom ole (2) v0 ‘Comparing equation Hence, H,(0)=4 oe S weve (SY ‘Leting m= 9-1 ~" inthe third term on the right hand side ofthe equation 3) wet) to Sree Ae) 8 saciemestn ign. Proceeding in similar manner as ) cn be expressed as aK ‘Since, ma dummy variable, itcan be replaced by n and also the order of summation could be reve i Sa ty replaced by order of summation could be reversed. Accordingly, wa. (v-1) ne OF a cteme zDigtol signal Rocesshg = af, Thus, there are two zeros inthis group. then we have four zeros: 4, %@z4 and (@)! 5.4 Locanons oF Zenos oF Livean-Puase FIR Frees ‘The system function He) ofa causa FR fhe is given by 62 otherwise SAOEAD EN 6 The fequeney sponte of an FIR ie wl exhibit ner phase i ni symmetie Thats, Making we of equation ara “The impulse response hn) i truncated at n=O, since we are interested ina causal FIR Filter. tis possible io mate equation (5.21) alternatively ax 20a oc 08 4 = garden ‘umber of samples. Such windows cannot be relied in practice. length window w{n) whose DTFT W{a) ie los to an impulse. "othe roots of the polynomial Consequently, 2eros of He) must oceur ind #20. We consider the following typical cases: Read Appendix Il for addtional information, |Distt Sci Pocening. a” saude and phase of Be) are ; pulse response ofthe rectangular window, magnitude response of forthe Gitermade wits the rectangular window, ound thatthe bigest sidelobe is 13 dB below the de magnitnde. A lowpas ltr shoud ave an spprotimae dierence of 21 dB betwee is passband and ‘The phase response of the rectangular window, therefore hat a aearphase. This is essential because we want the 5% w ar 05a 0375% = N26 = MD Step3:Let the magnitude and phase responses of the deed lowpsss filed be as. shown is © Fig. Ex57(a) and Fie. Ex5.7() respectively.a REE dra seratrocesing 4 for, oserss jo-ar, 6 S063 peossea(4-204 s0aTesA-20), if 21 4$508 peo, if Att ie tat is so formate of 2 Ti coespnto aeanawindo, ih press ipples arn -21 dD This in apeement wit Fi 5. Cin as fad he aston with 47 ===, 1s ou ge rm 5 An198 236K ‘This geal gies a Sactons! rea, We fay shine be vase of a ray be expanded a3 por seis: “The prs Nie rounded-off to the nearest integer the impulse response (ofthe window. The funcion oy 007s 0A oom Kater window ind that we have studied ill now bad fixed shapes. Each window offers « particular levels. The pind Zeon Express the topband pple in €B. Thats, A= -20 og 5; 4068 For A= 4043, the Bis selected s follows: whee l(a) ithe Bessel feta ofthe fst Kind taper tomards he edge ofthe window. IB =0, teres ‘The length of the window: