0263b04970fd3-The CLAT POST DECEMBER 2021

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Passage (Q.1-Q.5): of powers in the region.
M The BJP has joined

the fray with Ladakh
MP [1], who raised his voice
(b) It will also will also
enhance the transfer
of funds for speedy
in Parliament requesting development of the
constitutional safeguards for region.
Ladakh and it be included in (c) It is estimated that more
the Sixth Schedule. [1] spoke in than 90% of Ladakh’s
Parliament a day after ‘historic’
population is tribal.
walkout in Ladakh Union
Territory for the demand of (d) All of the above
statehood for the region.
He demanded that the region’s 4. The sixth schedule of the
land, jobs, environment, and Constitution of India
cultural identity should be comes under which of the
protected. Despite [1] claims following Articles?
that his decision to raise the (a) Article 241
issue in Parliament has nothing 1. Which of the following will (b) National Commission (b) Article 244
to do with the Apex Body of replace [1] in the above for Scheduled Tribe
the Leh and Kargil Democratic passage? (c) Article 248
(c) National Commission (d) Article 251
Alliance calling a joint strike (a) Jamyang Tsering for Scheduled Castes
on December 13, Ladakh Namgyal
observers say the growing (d) Ministry of Home 5. Which of the following
demand for statehood in the (b) Dr. Lorho S. Pfoze affairs. State is not one of the States
region has compelled the MP to (c) Agatha K. Sangma in the 6th Schedule?
take this stance in order to keep 3. Which of the following is (a) Assam
(d) Tokheho Yepthomi
the BJP relevant in the region. one of the causes of the
(b) Tripura
demand to for inclusion
Since the constitutional 2. Which of the following (c) Meghalaya
of Ladakh in the sixth
changes in the former state of bodies has recommended
schedule? (d) Nagaland
Jammu and Kashmir in 2019, the inclusion of Ladakh in
representatives from the region the sixth schedule? (a) Inclusion in the sixth
have consistently made the schedule will help in
(a) Niti Aayog
demand. democratic devolution
1. (a) Jamyang Tsering Namgyal Territory (UT) of Ladakh be others, which needs to be 4. (b) Article 244
Jamyang Tsering Namgyal is an included in the Sixth Schedule preserved and promoted. The Sixth Schedule under
Indian politician and Member of the Constitution. Prior to the creation of the Article 244 provides for the
of Parliament from Ladakh, 3. (d) Inclusion in the sixth Union Territory of Ladakh, formation of autonomous
India’s largest parliamentary schedule will help in people in Ladakh region administrative divisions —
seat geographically. Namgyal democratic devolution of had certain agrarian rights Autonomous District Councils
was elected, on 9 November powers in the region. including right on land (ADCs) — that have some
2018, to be the youngest It is estimated that more than which restricted people from legislative, judicial, and
[2] and 8th Chief Executive 90% of Ladakh’s population is other parts of the country to administrative autonomy
Councillor (CEC) of Ladakh tribal. The primary Scheduled purchase or acquire land in within a state.
Autonomous Hill Development Tribes (STs) in Ladakh are Ladakh. 5. (d) Nagaland
Council, Leh.[3] He belongs Balti Beda, Bot (or Boto), Inclusion in the sixth schedule As of now, 10 autonomous
to the Bharatiya Janata Party Brokpa (or Drokpa, Dard, will help in democratic councils exist in Assam,
(BJP). Shin), Changpa, Garra, Mon devolution of powers in the Meghalaya, Tripura and
2. (b) National Commission for and Purigpa. region and will also enhance Mizoram. This special
Scheduled Tribe The Ladakh region has several the transfer of funds for provision is provided under
The National Commission for distinct cultural heritages by speedy development of the Article 244(2) and Article
Scheduled Tribes (NCST) has communities such as Drokpa, region. 275(1) of the Constitution.
recommended that the Union Balti and Changpa, among
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3 The CLAT Post • December 2021
Passage (Q.6-Q.10): Pakistan Economic
S ince the second week of Corridor?

November, there have been (a) China-Pakistan
continuous protests in Gwadar, Economic Corridor is
Balochistan against mega project under Belt and
development plans of the port Road Initiative.
city as part of the China-Pakistan (b) It aims to link the
Economic Corridor. Western part of China
The protesters, rallying under (Xinjiang province)
the Gwadar Ko Huqooq to the Gwadar Port in
Do Tehreek (Give Rights to Balochistan.
Gwadar Movement), have
(c) It will pave the way
sought to draw attention to
for China to access the
marginalisation of the local
people in the development of Middle East and Africa
the port. They are angry that not from Gwadar Port,
only are they being excluded, enabling China to access
their present livelihood too has the Indian Ocean.
been endangered. They are from (d) All of the above.
Gwadar and nearby areas of
coastal Balochistan including 10. Which of the following is
Turbat, Pishkan, Zamran, Buleda, also visited Gwadar in a show of of highest population
solidarity with the protesters. among all the provinces. NOT TRUE about Gwadar
Ormara and Pasni. Port?
This is not the first time Gwadar 6. How many provinces are (c) Balochistan is rich in
there in Pakistan? Oil and Natural gases. (a) It is a deep seaport
is seeing protests, but this one located on the Arabian
has now run for 26 days. Despite (a) 3 (b) 4 (d) None of the above Sea in Gwadar.
the severe conservatism of (c) 5 (d) 7
Balochistan, women protesters (b) Pakistan purchased the
8. China-Pakistan Economic Gwadar enclave from
have come out in large numbers. Corridor was launched
7. Which of the following Oman.
Another significant aspect of is NOT TRUE about in which of the following
the protest is that it is led by a year? (c) It officially became part
Balochistan? of Pakistan on the 8th of
Jamat-e-Islami leader of the area, (a) 2013 (b) 2015
Malauana Hidayat ur Rehman. (a) Balochistan is the December, 1968.
The JI has traditionally been largest province in the (c) 2017 (d) 2019 (d) Gwadar Port is situated
an ally of Pakistan’s military terms of land size in at the mouth of the
establishment. The national Pakistan. 9. Which of the following is Persian Gulf, Strait of
leader of the JI, Siraj Ul Haq (b) Balochistan consists TRUE about the China- Hormuz.
6. (b) 4 Baloch people which can be when Chinese President railways, and pipelines
The administrative structure of found in modern day Iran Xi Jinping and Pakistani accompanied by energy,
Pakistan presently comprises and Afghanistan though Prime Minister Nawaz industrial, and other
four provinces at first-order the majority of Baloch can Sharif signed 51 agreements infrastructure development
level (ADM1); Balochistan, be found in Balochistan. and Memorandums of projects.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan is rich in natural Understanding valued at $46 It will pave the way for China
Punjab and Sindh plus the gas and oil and is one of the billion. to access the Middle East and
Islamabad Capital Territory. most important regions of 9. (d) All of the above. Africa from Gwadar Port,
Additionally, there are the two Pakistan. The CPEC is a bilateral project enabling China to access the
parts of Pakistan-administered 8. (b) 2015 between Pakistan and China. Indian Ocean.
Kashmir: Azad Jammu and China-Pakistan Economic It aims to link the Western 10. (c) It officially became part
Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Corridor (CPEC), massive part of China (Xinjiang of Pakistan on the 8th of
7. (b) Balochistan consists of bilateral project to improve province) to the Gwadar December, 1968.
highest population among all infrastructure within Port in Balochistan, Pakistan On 8th September 1958,
the provinces. Pakistan for better trade via Khunjerab Pass in the Pakistan purchased the
It is least populated even with China and to further Northern Parts of Pakistan. Gwadar enclave from Oman;
though it is the largest integrate the countries of It is intended to promote Gwadar officially became
province in terms of land the region. The project was connectivity across Pakistan part of Pakistan on the 8th of
size. It is populated in ethnic launched on April 20, 2015 with a network of highways, December, 1958
Passage (Q.11-Q.15): environment protection under declared as eco-sensitive
O n December 4, Karnataka the Forest Protection Act. In area.

Chief Minister [1] this background bringing one (b) Out of this, 20,668 sq
informed the Centre that more law that would affect the km of the area falls in
the state is opposed to the livelihood of the local people is Karnataka covering
Kasturirangan Committee not appropriate,” the CM said. 1,576 villages.
report on Western Ghats. (c) The report
11. Which of the following will
Participating in a virtual recommended a
replace [1] in the above
meeting on the implementation
passage? blanket ban on mining,
of the report, chaired by Union
(a) Basavaraj Bommai quarrying, setting up of
Minister for Environment,
red category industries
Forest and Climate Change (b) B.S. Yediyurappa
and thermal power
Bhupender Yadav, [1] said (c) H.D. Kumaraswamy projects.
that declaring Western Ghats
as ecologically sensitive (d) Siddaramaiah (d) All of the above
zone would adversely affect
the livelihood of people in 12. The Kasturirangan 15. Which of the following
the region. At the meeting, committee report has is NOT TRUE about the
the experts called the state’s recommended how much Kasturirangan committee
opposition disastrous for the of the total area of Western report?
ecologically fragile Western Ghats to be declared as (a) The Kasturirangan
Ghats. Eco-Sensitive Area? Committee was formed
The state government (a) 25% (b) 30% to examine the Gadgil
believes that implementation (c) 37% (d) 41% Committee report.
of the report will halt the
(b) It reduced the
developmental activities
in the region. [1] said that 13. Western Ghats is spread percentage of Western
Karnataka has the distinction across how many States in Ghats to be covered
of being one of the states with India? as Ecological Sensitive
extensive forest cover and the (a) 3 (b) 4 Area.
government has taken care (c) 5 (d) 6 (c) The Kasturirangan
to protect the biodiversity of Commission was set up
Western Ghats. in 2016.
14. Which of the following
“The Kasturirangan report has is TRUE about the (d) None of the above
been prepared based on the Kasturirangan Committee
satellite images, but the ground report?
reality is different. People of the
region have adopted agriculture (a) The Kasturirangan
and horticultural activities committee report
in an eco-friendly manner. proposes roughly 60,000
Priority has been accorded for square kilometers, to be
11. (a) Basavaraj Bommai 13. (d) 6 60,000 square kilometres, to 15. (c) The Kasturirangan
Basavaraj Bommai, veteran The Western Ghats is one of be declared as eco-sensitive Commission was set up in 2016.
leader of the Bharatiya the eight hotspots of biological area (ESA). Out of this, In August 2012, then
Janata Party (BJP), took oath diversity in the world and 20,668 sq km of the area Environment Minister
on Wednesday as the 23rd is spread across six states— falls in Karnataka covering constituted a High-Level
chief minister of Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, 1,576 villages. The report Working Group on Western
succeeding BS Yediyurappa for Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and recommended a blanket ban Ghats under Kasturirangan
the post. Kerala. The forests in the on mining, quarrying, setting to “examine” the Gadgil
12. (c) 37% Western Ghats are the water up of red category industries Committee report in a “holistic
The Kasturirangan committee towers of peninsular India. and thermal power projects. It and multidisciplinary fashion
report proposes 37 per cent of 14. (d) All of the above also stated that the impact of in the light of responses
the total area of Western Ghats, The Kasturirangan committee infrastructural projects on the received” from states, central
which is roughly 60,000 square report proposes 37 per cent forest and wildlife should be ministries and others.
kilometres, to be declared as of the total area of Western studied before permission is
eco-sensitive area (ESA). Ghats, which is roughly given for these activities.

Passage (Q.16-Q.20): 19. Which of the following
Lok Sabha on Monday High Courts of India
passed the Narcotic Drugs flagged the drafting error in
and Psychotropic Substances the Act, urging the Centre
(Amendment) Bill, amid to bring in an amendment
protests by the Opposition over and rectify it.
what they called “retrospective (a) Tripura High Court
effect” to the amendments in a (b) Calcutta High Court
criminal law and misuse of the
(c) Madras High Court
Act.
(d) Delhi High Court
The NDPS (Amendment)
Bill, 2021, moved by Finance
Minister Nirmala Sitharaman 20. Which of the following
seeks to correct what the is NOT TRUE about the
government termed a “clerical ordinance making power of
error”, which was rectified by the President of India?
an ordinance promulgated in (a) The Constitution under
September this year and the Bill article 123 provides the
is to effect that change into the President of India, the
16. Which Article of the 18. Which of the following
Act. power to promulgate
Constitution of India is NOT TRUE about the
During the debate on the Ordinance.
prohibits the application Narcotics Control Bureau
Bill, the Opposition tore into of Criminal Laws from of India? (b) The maximum
the government, saying the retrospective affect? time upto which an
(a) It was constituted by the
proposed amendment Bill Ordinance can remain
(a) Article 14 Government of India in
is tantamount to enabling in force is 3 months and
(b) Article 18 1986.
“retrospective effect” which is 6 weeks.
not allowed in criminal law. (c) Article 20 (b) It is the apex
(c) The Constitutional
coordinating agency
In response, Sitharaman cited (d) Article 22 Amendments cannot
under the Ministry of
the Solicitor General’s opinion be brought by an
Home Affairs.
on the issue and said that 17. The recently passed act has ordinance.
retrospective amendments (c) The National Policy on
been given retrospective (d) President can issue
are not allowed in substantive Narcotic Drugs and
effect from which of the ordinance when one
part of criminal law. “It is Psychotropic Substances
following years? of the houses of the
not substantive, that is why is based on Article 51 of
(a) 2000 (b) 2010 Parliament is not in
retrospective is allowed,” she the Indian Constitution.
session.
said, adding that clarificatory (c) 2012 (d) 2014 (d) None of the above
amendments are permitted.
16. (c) Article 20 what one section refers to. It for medicinal purposes, of law-making powers to
No law is to be made says Section 2 clause (viiia) intoxicating drugs injurious to promulgate ordinances during
retrospectively and the act corresponds to clause (viiib) in health. the recess of Parliament.
should be committed after the Section 27, since 2014, when 19. (a) Tripura High Court These ordinances have the
law stating that act is enacted the provision was first brought The error was noticed by a same force and effect as an
completely. Article 20(1) of the in. district judge in West Agartala. Act of Parliament but are in
Indian constitution provides 18. (c) The National Policy In June this year, the Tripura the nature of temporary laws.
necessary protection against ex on Narcotic Drugs and High Court, while hearing a President can issue ordinance
post facto law. Psychotropic Substances is reference made by the district when one of the houses of the
17. (d) 2014 based on Article 51 of the court, flagged the drafting Parliament is not in session.
The 2021 Bill amends Indian Constitution. error, urging the Centre to The maximum validity of an
the Narcotic Drugs and The National Policy bring in an amendment and ordinance is 6 months and
Psychotropic Substances Act, on Narcotic Drugs and rectify it. 6 weeks. An ordinance will
1985 and seeks to rectify a Psychotropic Substances is 20. (b) The maximum time upto expire after 6 weeks once both
drafting “anomaly” created based on Article 47 of the which an Ordinance can remain houses of the Parliament are
by a 2014 amendment to Indian Constitution which in force is 3 months and 6 in session. A constitutional
the parent legislation. The directs the State to endeavour weeks. amendment cannot be made
2021 amendment contains a to bring about prohibition Article 123 of the Constitution through the ordinance route.
legislative declaration about of the consumption, except grants the President certain
Passage (Q.21-Q.25): to regulate the ARCs.
T o improve recovery of bad

loans in the agriculture
sector, leading banks have
(b) It is a specialized
financial institution
that buys the Non-
made a pitch for setting up Performing Assets
an Asset Reconstruction (NPAs) from banks and
Company specifically to deal financial institutions so
with collections and recovery of that they can clean up
farm loans. their balance sheets.
At present, there is neither a (c) It helps banks to
unified mechanism to tackle concentrate on normal
Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) banking activities
in the farm sector nor a single instead of going after
law that deals with enforcement the defaulter.
of mortgages created on
agricultural land. Agriculture (d) All of the above
being a subject in [1], the
recovery laws — wherever 24. Which of the following will
agricultural land is offered as replace [1] in the above
collateral – varies greatly. passage?
According to a senior banker, Indian Banks Association? (a) Insolvency and (a) Union List
the idea of an ARC for farm (a) IBA is an association Bankruptcy Code (b) State List
loans was discussed in a of Indian banks and (b) Reserve Bank of India (c) Concurrent List
meeting of the Indian Banks’ financial institutions, Act
Association in September. The (d) Residuary List
formed on 26th (c) Securitisation and
IBA committee on agriculture September 1946.
and allied activities discussed Reconstruction 25.As per the latest Financial
that “as agriculture market is (b) It is based in Mumbai. of Financial Assets Stability Report, June 2021,
scattered in India, different (c) A K Goel is the and Enforcement of banks’ gross NPA ratio for
banks have to make efforts to Chairman of the Indian Securities Interest Act the agriculture sector was
capture and connect to these Banks Association for (d) Security and Exchange at which of the following?
markets”. It was felt if there the years 2021-22. Board of India Act. (a) 9.8%
was a single institution/ ARC, (d) None of the above
the cost of recovery can be (b) 11.3%
optimized, a source present in is TRUE with regards (c) 7.5%
the meeting said. 22. Which law provides the
legal basis for the asset to Asset Reconstruction (d) 3.5%
21. Which of the following Reconstruction company in Companies?
is NOT TRUE about the India? (a) RBI has got the power
21. (d) None of the above The asset reconstruction payment remained overdue for 24. (b) State List
IBA is an association of companies or ARCs are a period of 90 days. ‘Agriculture’ has been placed as
Indian banks and financial registered under the RBI Typically, ARCs buy banks’ Entry 14 in the State List along
institutions, formed on 26th and regulated under bad loans by paying a portion with several ancillary matters,
September 1946 and is based the Securitisation and as cash up front (15% as while some agriculture-related
in Mumbai. A K Goel elected Reconstruction of Financial mandated by the RBI), and items have been included
Chairman for 2021-22. The Assets and Enforcement of issue security receipts (SRs) for in the Union List and the
Managing Committee of the Securities Interest Act, 2002 the balance (85%). Concurrent List.
Indian Banks’ Association (SARFAESI Act, 2002). This helps banks to 25. (a) 9.8%
(IBA) has elected A K Goel, 23. (d) All of the above concentrate on normal As per the latest Financial
Managing Director & CEO, It is a specialized financial banking activities. Banks, Stability Report, June 2021,
UCO Bank, as the Chairman institution that buys the Non- rather than going after the banks’ gross NPA ratio for
of the Association for the term Performing Assets (NPAs) defaulters by wasting their the agriculture sector was at
2021-22. from banks and financial time and effort, can sell the 9.8%, whereas for industry and
22. (c) Securitisation and institutions so that they can bad assets to the ARCs at a services it was at 11.3% and
Reconstruction of Financial clean up their balance sheets. mutually agreed value. RBI has 7.5%, respectively, At March-
Assets and Enforcement of A NPA is a loan or advance for got the power to regulate the end 2021.
Securities Interest Act which the principal or interest ARCs.
for the establishment

of a National Dam
Safety Authority as a
regulatory body
(c) The National Dam
Safety Authority will
also look after the Dam
Safety at State Level,
eliminating the need of
such Authority at State
Level.
(d) This Bill provides for
regular inspection and
hazard classification of
dams.
29. The National Committee

on Dam Safety will be
Passage (Q.26-Q.30): The Centre has presented the chaired by the Chairperson
The Dam Safety Bill was Dam Safety Bill, 2018 against 27. India occupies what of which of the following
passed by Parliament on Friday the backdrop of over 5,200 large position with respect to bodies?
amid strong objections from dams in India and about 450 the number of Dams in the
dams under construction right (a) Central Water
the Opposition. While it was world?
now. “Due to lack of legal and Commission
passed by the Lok Sabha in (a) 1st (b) 2nd
August [1], it was cleared by institutional architecture for dam (b) Additional Secretary to
safety in India, dam safety is an (c) 3rd (d) 4th Central Government
Rajya Sabha on Friday. The
Opposition sought that it be sent issue of concern. Unsafe dams (c) Niti Aayog
to the Parliamentary Standing are a hazard and dam break may 28. Which of the following
(d) Central Pollution
Committee for further scrutiny. cause disasters, leading to huge is NOT TRUE about the
Control Board
However, a motion to this effect loss of life and property,” said passed bill?
was defeated in the House. a June 13 statement, revealing (a) As per the bill, a
the Cabinet approval for the 30. Water come under which
Most of the dams in India are National Committee
enactment of the Bill. of the following list of the
constructed and maintained on Dam Safety will
Seventh Schedule?
by the states, while some of 26. Which of the following will be constituted to
the bigger dams are managed help evolve uniform (a) Union List
by autonomous bodies such as dam safety policies, (b) State List
passage?
Damodar Valley Corporation or protocols, and (c) Concurrent List
Bhakra Beas Management Board (a) 2017 (b) 2018 procedures.
(d) Residuary List
of Bhakra-Nangal Project. (c) 2019 (d) 2020 (b) The Bill also provides
26. (c) 2019 over 100 years old are still and will be chaired by the Article 246 of the Constitution
The Dam Safety Bill was functional. Chairperson, Central Water read with Entry 56 and Entry
passed by Parliament on 28. (c) The National Dam Safety Commission. Functions of 97 of the Union list.
Friday amid strong objections Authority will also look after the Committee will include State List, Entry 17: Water,
from the Opposition. While it the Dam Safety at State Level, formulating policies and that is to say, water supplies,
was passed by the Lok Sabha in eliminating the need of such regulations regarding irrigation and canals, drainage
August 2019, it was cleared by Authority at State Level. dam safety standards and and embankments, water
Rajya Sabha on Friday. At the State level, the Bill prevention of dam failures, storage and water power
27. (c) 3rd prescribes for the constitution and analysing the causes subject to the provisions of
After China and USA, India of State Committees on of major dam failures and entry 56 of List I.
is the 3rd largest dam-owning Dam Safety (SCDS) and the suggesting changes in dam Entry 56 of List I allows
nation in the world. There are establishment of the State Dam safety practices. Parliament to make laws on
around 5,700 large dams in Safety Organizations (SDSO). 30. (b) State List the regulation of inter-state
the country, of which about 29. (a) Central Water Commission Water is under the state list rivers and river valleys if it
80% are already over 25 years The National Committee on (Entry 17), the Centre has declares such regulation to be
old. Nearly 227 dams that are Dam Safety will be constituted brought the legislation under expedient in public interest.
Passage (Q.31-Q.35): be considered as part of
A mid protests by Opposition the Constitution.

MPs, Rajya Sabha Deputy (d) The date is mentioned
Chairman [1] on Friday in the preamble when
reserved his decision to allow it was adopted i.e.
the introduction of a private November 22, 1949.
member’s Bill to amend the
Preamble to the Constitution. 34. Which of the following
BJP Member from Kerala is TRUE about a private
[2] moved the motion to member bill?
introduce the Constitution
(a) Any bill introduced
(Amendment) Bill, 2021 in
by the Member of the
the Upper House that would
Parliament who is not a
amend the Preamble. While
the Deputy Chairman initially minister.
allowed the introduction, RJD (b) Its drafting is the
Member Manoj Jha opposed responsibility of the
the move and other MPs joined (a) Harivansh Narayan (d) 100th Constitutional member concerned.
the protest. Singh Amendment (c) Private member’s bills
“Amendment to the Preamble is (b) M. Venkaiah Naidu can be introduced
an attack on the very edifice of (c) M. Thambidurai 33. Which of the following is and discussed only on
the Constitution,” Jha said. TRUE about the Preamble? Fridays.
(d) Kariya Munda
The Bill seeks to change (a) The Preamble was (d) All of the above
the words in the Preamble introduced by B.R.
“EQUALITY of status and of 32. Previously, the Preamble of
Ambedkar. 35. Which of the following will
opportunity” to “EQUALITY of Indian Constitution was
amended via which of the (b) The concept of replace [2] in the above
status and of opportunity to be Preamble is taken from passage?
born, to be fed, to be educated, following amendment?
U.K. (a) O. Rajagopal
to get a job and to be treated (a) 42nd Constitutional
with dignity”. Amendment (c) The Supreme Court (b) V. Sivankutty
in Kesavananda
(b) 44th Constitutional (c) V. Surendran Pillai
31. Which of the following will Bharati case held that
Amendment (d) K J Alphons
replace [1] in the above the Preamble of the
passage? (c) 85th Constitutional Constitution will now
Amendment
31. (a) Harivansh Narayan Singh 33. (c) The Supreme Court in Court held that: The Preamble bills can be introduced and
The Deputy Chairman of the Kesavananda Bharati case of the Constitution will now discussed only on Fridays.
Rajya Sabha presides over the held that the Preamble of be considered as part of the Its rejection by the House
proceedings of the Rajya Sabha the Constitution will now Constitution. has no implication on the
in the absence of the Chairman be considered as part of the The Preamble is not the parliamentary confidence
of the Rajya Sabha. The Constitution. supreme power or source of in the government or its
Deputy Chairman is elected The ideals behind the any restriction or prohibition resignation.
internally by the Rajya Sabha. Preamble to India’s but it plays an important 35. (d) K J Alphons
Incumbent Harivansh Narayan Constitution were laid role in the interpretation of BJP Member from Kerala K
Singh since 14 September down by Jawaharlal Nehru’s statutes and provisions of the J Alphons moved the motion
2020. Objectives Resolution, Constitution. So, it can be to introduce the Constitution
32. (a) 42nd Constitutional adopted by the Constituent concluded that preamble is (Amendment) Bill, 2021 in
Amendment Assembly on January 22, 1947. part of the introductory part of the Upper House that would
The 42nd Amendment also The preamble of the Indian the Constitution. amend the Preamble. While
amended Preamble and constitution is taken from 34. (d) All of the above the Deputy Chairman initially
changed the description the constitution of the USA. Any bill introduced by the allowed the introduction, RJD
of India from “sovereign The date is mentioned in the Member of the Parliament Member Manoj Jha opposed
democratic republic” to a preamble when it was adopted who is not a minister. Its the move and other MPs
“sovereign, socialist secular i.e. November 26, 1949. drafting is the responsibility joined the protest.
democratic republic”, and In Kesavananda Bharati Case of the member concerned.
also changed the words “unity for the first time, a bench The government bills can be
of the nation” to “unity and of 13 judges was assembled introduced and discussed on
integrity of the nation”. to hear a writ petition. The any day, private member’s
Passage (Q.36-Q.40): cities?
1 ] is the world’s most expensive

city to live in, according to a
ranking compiled by the [2].

(a) New York
(b) Washington DC
(c) Paris
The Israeli city climbed five
rungs compared to 2020 report, (d) Berlin
which had Paris, Hong Kong and
Zurich tie for first place. In the 38. Which of the following
2021 report Paris and Singapore Indian Cities has been
came joint second, followed by listed in the top ten
Zurich and Hong Kong. New cheapest cities of the
York came in sixth, and Geneva survey?
took seventh place. (a) Mumbai,
[1] has climbed in the rankings Maharashtra
due to the strength of the Israeli (b) Pune, Maharashtra
shekel against the dollar, as
(c) Ahmedabad,
well as increases in transport
and grocery prices. This year’s Gujarat
data was collected in August (d) Surat, Gujarat
and September, when prices for
freight and commodities rose 39. Which of the following will
worldwide. replace [2] in the above
On average, prices rose 3.5% in passage?
local currency terms, which is the (a) Economist Intelligence
fastest recorded inflation rate of Unit
the past five years. This average
(b) Outlook Global City
inflation figure does not include
Index
four cities with exceptionally
high rates: Caracas, Damascus, (c) Amnesty
Buenos Aires and Tehran. International
(d) UN Creative Cities
36. Which of the following will Network
passage?
40. [2] also releases ‘Democracy
(a) Ashdod Index’ in which India is
(b) Jerusalem at which of the following
(c) Tel Aviv position?
(d) Be’er Sheva (a) 21
(b) 41
37. The index of the world’s (c) 46
most expensive city is (d) 53
benchmarked against
which of the following
36. (c) Tel Aviv against the US dollar are (Uzbekistan), Tunis (Tunisia) The EIU also releases the
Tel Aviv is the world’s most likely to appear higher in the and Almaty (Kazakhstan’) in Democracy Index, which
expensive city to live in, rankings. the ranking of cheapest cities. provides a snapshot of the
according to a ranking 38. (c) Ahmedabad, Gujarat 39. (a) Economist Intelligence state of democracy worldwide
compiled by the Economist In India, Ahmedabad, Gujarat Unit in 165 independent states and
Intelligence Unit (EIU). has been listed in the top ten The report is compiled by the two territories. India ranks
37. (a) New York cheapest cities of the survey. Economist Intelligence Unit at 53rd position in EIU’s
The index is benchmarked Among the cheapest cities, (EIU). It compares the cost Democracy Index.
against prices in New York Damascus (capital of Syria) of living indices in different
City, hence cities with is at the top. It is followed cities.
currencies that are stronger by Tripoli (Libya,) Tashkent 40. (d) 53
Passage (Q.41-Q.45): [1] took over the G20 presidency of 19 countries and the 44. Who is the outgoing
India on Wednesday, [2], joined on Wednesday. In the coming European Union. member of the G20 Trioka
the G20 ‘Troika’. months, [1] will hold rounds (b) It has representatives in 2021?
of discussion at various levels of the International (a) Brazil
With this move, India has started
among the members of the Monetary Fund and the
the procedure for taking over (b) Japan
G20 before convening the G20 World Bank.
the G20 presidency next year. (c) Thailand
Leaders’ Summit. Next year’s
Troika refers to the top grouping (c) It has a permanent
summit will be organised along (d) Laos
within the G20 that consists of headquarter at Geneva,
the overall theme of “Recover
the current, previous and the Switzerland.
Together, Recover Stronger”. 45. Which of the following will
incoming presidencies — [1],
(d) India is a member
Italy and India. 41. Which of the following will replace [2] in the above
of G20.
“India will assume the G20 replace [1] in the above passage?
presidency on [2] from [1] passage? (a) December 1, 2022
43. The G20 Summit is
Italy hosted the G20 summit (a) Japan (b) Brazil scheduled to be held in (b) October 1, 2022
during October 30-31 that was (c) Indonesia (d) China India in which of the (c) August 1, 2022
attended by Prime Minister following years? (d) June 1, 2022
Narendra Modi where India had
raised the issue of Afghanistan’s 42. Which of the following is (a) 2023 (b) 2024
future following the takeover by NOT TRUE about the G20? (c) 2025 (d) 2028
the Taliban. (a) It is an informal group
41. (c) Indonesia will convene the G20 Leaders’ 2021: Italy, Indonesia and India
India recently joined the G20 It is an informal group of 19 Summit for the first time in India 2022: Indonesia, India and Brazil
Troika. The G20 Troika is made countries and the European in 2023. 45. (a) December 1, 2022
of Indonesia, India and Italy. Union (EU), with representatives 44. (b) Japan India will assume the G20
That is Troika is made of the of the International Monetary In 2019, the G20 was hosted by presidency on December 1, 2022
current presidency, Indonesia; Fund and the World Bank. It Japan. In 2020, Italy hosted G20. from Indonesia, and will convene
the previous presidency Italy and does not have a permanent In 2021, it is Indonesia. In 2022, the G20 Leaders’ Summit for the
the incoming presidency which secretariat or Headquarters. 2023 and 2024, it will be hosted first time in India in 2023,” the
is India. 43. (a) 2023 by Indonesia, India and Brazil. Ministry of External Affairs said
42. (c) It has a permanent India will assume the G20 Thus, the following countries in a statement.
headquarter at Geneva, presidency on 1st December formed the Troika in G20
Switzerland. 2022 from Indonesia, and 2020: Japan, Italy and Indonesia
Passage (Q.46-Q.50): TRUE about CBI?
T he Supreme Court this week

expressed concern over
a submission by the CBI that
(a) The CBI was set up in
1963
(b) The nodal agency for
since 2018, around 150 requests CBI is the Ministry of
for sanction to investigate Home Affairs.
have been pending with [1]
state governments that have (c) The CBI is the
withdrawn general consent to the main investigating
agency. agency of the Central
Government.
“It is not a desirable position,”
a Bench led by Justice S K Kaul (d) All of the above
observed, and referred the matter
to Chief Justice of India N V 48. The CBI was established
Ramana. at the recommendation
The CBI had filed the affidavit of which of the following
after the court inquired last committee?
month about the bottlenecks it (a) Santhanam
faced, and the steps it had taken Committee
to strengthen prosecutions.
(b) Padmanabhaiah
The National Investigation Committee
Agency (NIA), which is
(c) Malimath
governed by The NIA Act,
Committee
[2], has jurisdiction across the
country. But the CBI is governed (d) Ribeiro Committee
by The Delhi Special Police
Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946, 49. Which of the following will
and must mandatorily obtain the replace [1] in the above
consent of the state government passage?
concerned before beginning to (a) 3 (b) 5
investigate a crime in a state.
(c) 7 (d) 8
46. Police is a subject under
which of the following list 50. Which of the following will
in the 7th Schedule? replace [2] in the above
(a) Union List passage?
(b) State List (a) 2008 (b) 2009
(c) Concurrent List (c) 2012 (d) 2014
(d) Residuary List
47. Which of the following is
46. (b) State List and Pensions. Corruption (1962–1964). The National Investigation
“Police’’ is Entry 2 in the State The CBI is not a statutory 49. (d) 8 Agency (NIA), which is
List under the Seventh Schedule body. It derives its powers Eight States have withdrawn governed by The NIA Act,
of the Constitution. from the Delhi Special Police consent to the CBI for 2008, has jurisdiction across the
47. (d) All of the above Establishment Act, 1946. launching investigations in their country. But the CBI is governed
The CBI was set up in 1963 by The CBI is the main investigating territory. Eight States — West by The Delhi Special Police
a resolution of the Ministry of agency of the Central Bengal, Maharashtra, Kerala, Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946,
Home Affairs. Government. Punjab, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, and must mandatorily obtain the
Now, the CBI comes under the 48. (a) Santhanam Chhattisgarh and Mizoram have consent of the state government
administrative control of the Committee withdrawn consent to the CBI concerned before beginning to
Department of Personnel and The establishment of the CBI was for launching investigations in investigate a crime in a state.
Training (DoPT) of the Ministry recommended by the Santhanam their territory.
of Personnel, Public Grievances Committee on Prevention of 50. (a) 2008
Passage (Q.51-Q.55):
T he announcement of a
cabinet decision to raise
the age at marriage for women
from 18 to [1] years marks the
fruition of a plan that was first
revealed almost two years ago
when a Task Force was set up
for the purpose.
The Task Force engaged
with a host of civil society
organisations — child rights
groups, women’s organisations
and the youth — as well as
researchers like myself. I shared
this experience with readers of
The Indian Express. My role (a) 20 (b) 21 marriage for women State to strive to secure for
in the deliberations was to and men, respectively. its citizens a Uniform Civil
(c) 22 (d) 23
explain the relative significance Code (UCC) throughout
(d) An individual attains
of the age of marriage (and the country?
52. Which of the following the age of majority at
consequently of motherhood)
statements is true? 21 as per the Indian (a) Article 21
in relation to the issues that
Majority Act, 1875. (b) Article 36
concerned the Task Force (a) For Hindus, The Hindu
— maternal mortality rates, Marriage Act, 1955 (c) Article 44
fertility levels, nutrition of sets 18 years as the 53. Which of the following law
(d) Article 18
mother and child, sex ratios, minimum age for the was the first to prescribe
and, on a different register, bride and 21 years as the the minimum age to get
education and employment married in India? 55. Jaya Jaitley, who
minimum age for the
opportunities for women. My recommended the increase
groom. (a) Child Marriage
argument then was that the age of marital age of women,
(b) In Islam, the minimum Restraint Act
at marriage had little impact on belongs to which of the
age for the bride and the (b) Prohibition of Child following Indian Political
these concerns, whereas other
groom is 16 years and Marriages Act Party?
factors — such as poverty and
18 years respectively. (c) Special Marriage
health services — were far more (a) Indian National
effective as levers for improving (c) The Special Marriage Act Congress
women’s and children’s health Act, 1989 and the (d) Hindu Marriage Act (b) Bhartiya Janta Party
and nutritional status. Prohibition of Child
Marriage Act, 2006 also (c) Bahujan Samajwadi
51. Which of the following 54. Which of the following Party
prescribe 18 and 21
is replaced by [1] in the Article of the Indian
years as the minimum (d) Samata Party
passage? Constitution requires the
age of consent for
51. (b) 21 minimum age for the bride and Act the scriptures and customs of
The announcement of a cabinet 21 years as the minimum age for In India, the minimum age of each major religious community
decision to raise the age at the groom. marriage was prescribed for the in India with a common set of
marriage for women from 18 In Islam, the marriage of a minor first time by the law known as rules governing every citizen.
to 21 years marks the fruition who has attained puberty is the Sarda Act, 1929. It was later 55. (d) Samata Party
of a plan that was first revealed considered valid. renamed as the Child Marriage On 2 June 2020, the Union
almost two years ago when a The Special Marriage Act, 1954 Restraint Act (CMRA), 1929. Ministry for Women and Child
Task Force was set up for the and the Prohibition of Child 54. (c) Article 44 Development set up a committee
purpose. Marriage Act, 2006 also prescribe The Constitution in Article 44 to examine matters pertaining to
52. (a) For Hindus, The Hindu 18 and 21 years as the minimum requires the State to strive to age of motherhood, imperatives
Marriage Act, 1955 sets 18 age of consent for marriage for secure for its citizens a Uniform of lowering Maternal Mortality
years as the minimum age for women and men, respectively. Civil Code(UCC) throughout Ratio and the improvement of
the bride and 21 years as the An individual attains the age of India, but till date, no action nutritional levels among women.
minimum age for the groom. majority at 18 as per the Indian has been taken in this regard. The Committee is headed by
For Hindus, The Hindu Marriage Majority Act, 1875. Uniform Civil Code seeks to Jaya Jaitely, former Samata Party
Act, 1955 sets 18 years as the 53. (a) Child Marriage Restraint replace personal laws based on chief.
I ndia on Monday opposed a

UN Security Council draft
resolution on climate change
on the grounds that it sought to
“securitise” the issue.The draft
resolution was framed by [1],
who are members of the UN
Security Council responsible
for leading negotiations
and drafting resolutions on
climate change. Though it was
backed by 12 of the council’s
15 members, [2] vetoed
the resolution while China
abstained.
Last year, a similar, stronger
resolution was proposed by
Germany. However, it was
never put to vote because of
possible objections from the
United States, which had made draft resolution on climate (a) It consists of 5
it clear that it would block change? 58. Which of the following permanent members
any such attempt with a veto. (a) Decisions on climate is replaced by [2] in the and 15 non-permanent
Germany’s two-year term at change will be taken passage? members.
the Security Council was over without involvement (a) Russia (b) The non-permanent
last year, but the proposal had of most developing members are elected to
(b) United Kingdom
other backers, and [1] agreed to countries. the council for a period
refresh the draft resolution. (c) USA
(b) India believes UNFCCC of two-years.
(d) France
56. Which of the following is the appropriate forum (c) Article 27 of the UN
is replaced by [1] in the to discuss climate Charter establishes
related issues. 59. In which of the following the composition of the
passage?
cities was the First World UNSC.
(a) Sweden and Kenya (c) India does not Climate Conference took
(b) Nigeria and Poland believe climate (d) Both b & c.
place in 1979?
change contributes to
(c) Ireland and Niger (a) Geneva (b) Zurich
international security.
(d) Spain and Egypt (c) Bern (d) Berlin
(d) India believes Security
Council does not have
57. Which of the following is the expertise to deal 60. Which of the following
not one of the reasons for with climate related statements is/are true about
India voting against the issues. UNSC?
56. (c) Ireland and Niger change-related issues, and claim permanent member Russia cast a members are elected to the
United Nations Security Council the Security Council does not veto council for a period of two-
(UNSC) draft resolution on have the expertise to do so. They 59. (a) Geneva years.
climate change was drafted by have also been pointing out The 1979 World Climate Article 23 of the UN Charter
Ireland and Niger. that unlike UNFCCC, where Conference, now usually establishes the composition of
57. (c) India does not believe decisions are taken by consensus referred to as the First World the UNSC. The Council consists
climate change contributes to of all the 190-plus countries, Climate Conference (FWCC or of 5 permanent members and
international security. the UNSC would enable climate WCC-1), was organized by a 10 non-permanent members.
India supported Russia by voting change decision-making by a Committee chaired by Robert The non-permanent members
against the draft resolution. handful of developed countries. M. White of the USA and held are elected to the council for a
The opposing countries have 58. (a) Russia in the International Conference period of two-years.
been arguing that the UNFCCC The UN Security Council did Centre in Geneva from 12 to 23
must remain the appropriate not adopt the draft resolution February 1979
forum for addressing all climate on climate change after its 60. (b) The non-permanent
T he Supreme Court
on Thursday allowed
Maharashtra to hold bullock
cart races in the state till the
pendency of the matter before
the constitutional Bench of the
apex court. The races will be
held in several parts of the state,
especially Pune and the western
Maharashtra region, where
the 400-year-old tradition was
prevalent.
The SC, while allowing the
resumption of bullock cart
races, on Thursday observed
that the validity of the amended
provisions of the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals Act,
1960 and the rules framed by
Maharashtra, which provided
for bullock cart race in the
state, would operate during the
62. Which of the following is 63. ‘Jallikattu’ is bull-taming is not true about Animal
pendency of the petitions as the
true about the Prevention sport played as a part of Welfare Board of India?
entire matter has been referred
of Cruelty to Animals Act, which of the following (a) It is headquartered in
to a constitution Bench. The
1960? festivals? Ballabhgarh, Haryana.
Maharashtra government,
on Wednesday, had told the (a) The Animal Welfare (a) Onam (b) It is a statutory
SC that the ban on bullock Board of India (AWBI) (b) Pongal advisory body advising
cart races in the state should was established under the Government of
(c) Thaipusam
be lifted as the same is being Section 4 of the Act. India’s Ministry of
conducted in the states like (d) Puthandu
(b) The legislative intent of Environment, Forest
Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. the Act is to “prevent and Climate Change.
the infliction of 64. The Wild Life Protection
61. The Bullock cart race was (c) Rukmini Devi
unnecessary pain or Act was enacted in India
banned in Maharashtra pioneered the setting
suffering on animals”. in which of the following
in which of the following up of the Board, with
years?
years? (c) The Act defines animals its Headquarters at
and different forms of (a) 1960 (b) 1962 Chennai.
(a) 2010 (b) 2012
animals. (c) 1972 (d) 1980 (d) It was established in the
(c) 2014 (d) 2008
(d) All of the above. year 1962.
61. (c) 2014 Section 4 of the Act. This Act 1972 is an Act of the Parliament Climate Change.
Bullock cart races were banned provides for punishment for of India enacted for protection Rukmini Devi pioneered
in Maharashtra after the causing unnecessary cruelty and of plants and animal species. It the setting up of the Animal
Supreme Court declared that the suffering to animals. The Act was enacted on 9th September Welfare Board of India, with
race as violation of the provisions defines animals and different 1972. The Act provides for the its Headquarters at Chennai, in
of the Prevention of Cruelty to forms of animals. protection of wild animals, 1962. It is a statutory advisory
Animals Act, 1960, in 2014. 63. (b) Pongal birds and plants; and for matters body advising the Government
62. (d) All of the above. Jallikattu, also known as connected therewith or ancillary of India’s Ministry of Fisheries,
The legislative intent of the Act ‘eruthazhuvuthal’, is a bull- or incidental thereto. It extends Animal Husbandry and
is to “prevent the infliction of taming sport played in Tamil to the whole of India. Dairying. It is headquartered in
unnecessary pain or suffering Nadu as part of the Pongal 65. (b) It is a statutory advisory Ballabhgarh, Haryana since 2018.
on animals”. The Animal harvest festival. body advising the Government
Welfare Board of India (AWBI) 64. (c) 1972 of India’s Ministry of
was established in 1962 under The Wild Life Protection Act, Environment, Forest and
Passage (Q.66-Q.70): further said that privatisation 67. Which of the following 69. Which committee had
A group of economists on was not the solution for various Bank was formerly proposed bringing down
Tuesday released a report challenges such as Non- ‘Imperial Bank of India’, the government stake in
criticising the government’s Performing Assets (NPA) faced prior to its nationalization? public banks to 50%?
plan to privatise two by the PSBs. The government (a) State Bank of India (a) Narasimham
public sector banks (PSBs) had listed the Banking Laws Committee
(Amendment) Bill, 2021 as (b) Central Bank of India
through the Banking Laws (b) P J Nayak Committee
(Amendment) Bill, 2021, one of the agenda items for the (c) Reserve Bank of India
and said that it will result in Winter session before it begun. (d) Indian Bank (c) AK Bhuchar Committee
financial exclusion and promote (d) Vaghul Committee
66. Banking Laws
crony capitalism. A top banking 68. Who among the following
(Amendment) Bill, 2021
body has announced a two-day led the Indian Government 70. India went for privatisation
will bring down the
strike on December 16 and 17 to nationalize 14 in the historic reforms
to oppose the proposed move. minimum government
holding in the Public commercial banks in 1969? budget of which year, also
“The privatisation of PSBs will Sector Banks from 51% to (a) Lal Bahadur Shastri known as ‘New Economic
remove the sovereign guarantee which of the following? Policy or LPG policy’?
(b) Indira Gandhi
behind the PSB deposits and (a) 1990 (b) 1991
make household savings less (a) 21% (b) 33% (c) Charan Singh
secure,” said the report released (c) 26% (d) 38% (c) 1996 (d) 2001
(d) Morarji Desai
by the economic experts. it
66. (c) 26% was one of the oldest and the deposits in the country, had been 70. (b) 1991
Banking Laws (Amendment) largest commercial bank of the nationalised. Privatisation is considered
Bill, 2021 will bring down the Indian subcontinent, and was 69. (b) P J Nayak Committee to bring more efficiency and
minimum government holding subsequently transformed into Many committees had proposed objectivity to the company,
in the Public Sector Banks from the State Bank of India following bringing down the government something that a government
51% to 26%. nationalization. stake in public banks below 51%: company is not concerned about.
67. (a) State Bank of India 68. (b) Indira Gandhi The Narasimham Committee India went for privatisation
In 1955, India nationalized At 8.30 pm on the night of July proposed 33%. in the historic reforms budget
Imperial Bank of India with 19, 1969, then prime minister The P J Nayak Committee of 1991, also known as ‘New
extensive banking facilities Indira Gandhi announced to the suggested below 50%. Economic Policy or LPG policy’.
on a large scale, especially in nation that 14 major commercial An RBI Working Group recently
rural and semi-urban areas. banks which between them suggested the entry of business
The Imperial Bank of India controlled 85 percent of bank houses into the banking sector.
I ndia’s role is essential in

maintaining peace and
stability in the Central Asian
region which translates
into a peaceful SCO region.
Secretary-General of Shanghai
Cooperation Organization
(SCO) [1] said this at his
farewell meet in Beijing. He
specially mentioned India’s
role in countering terrorism in
the region, most importantly
due to evolving situation in
Afghanistan. He said India
has an important contribution
among RATS SCO member Anti-Terrorist Structure (b) Iraq
in maintaining peace and
states to counter the misuse of Shanghai Cooperation (c) Thailand
stability in Afghanistan and
of the internet by terrorists, Organization (RAT-SCO)?
in humanitarian support to (d) Vietnam
separatists, and extremists. (a) SCO-RATS is a
the war-torn country post-US
withdrawal. 71. Which of the following permanent body of the
75. Which of the following is
Highlighting India’s is replaced by [1] in the SCO.
true regarding SCO?
constructive role in SCO, passage? (b) It intends to facilitate
(a) The SCO Charter was
[1] said that India actively (a) Sadyr Japarov coordination and
signed in 2001, and
participates in organizational interaction between
(b) Emomali Rahmon entered into force in
activities including the the SCO member states
(c) Vladimir Norov 2002.
Regional Anti-Terrorist in the fight against
Structure of SCO (RATS SCO). (d) Sodiq Safoyev terrorism, extremism (b) Pakistan became a
He said India participates and separatism. permanent member of
in military exercises and SCO in 2005.
72. Following the accession (c) The main functions
peace missions to strengthen of SCO-RATS are (c) Russian and Chinese are
of which of the following
security cooperation. India coordination and the official languages of
countries to ‘Shanghai Five’,
assumed chairmanship of information sharing. the body.
it was renamed as SCO?
Council of Regional Anti- (d) Executive Committee
Terrorist Structure of SCO (a) Kyrgyzstan (d) All of the above
of the Regional Anti-
in October this year for one (b) Uzbekistan Terrorist Structure
year. As chairman, India also (c) Tajikistan 74. Which of the following
(RATS) in Nursultan
organized a two-day seminar is the latest country to
(d) Kazakhstan is one of the two
on cyberspace security for the join SCO as a permanent
permanent bodies of
member states. This Indian member?
SCO.
initiative was an effort to 73. Which of the following (a) Iran
enhance the collaboration is true about Regional
71. (c) Vladimir Norov Organization following the a full member was declared in The SCO Charter was signed
Vladimir Imamovich Norov is accession of Uzbekistan to the the 21st summit of the SCO in 2002, and entered into force
the current Secretary-General group in 2001. leaders in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. in 2003. The SCO’s official
of the Shanghai Cooperation 73. (d) All of the above At the end of the 21st Summit languages are Russian and
Organisation. He was appointed SCO-RATS is a permanent body of the Shanghai Cooperation Chinese. India and Pakistan
to this position on June 10, 2018 of the SCO and is intended Organisation (SCO), the leaders became its permanent members
at the 2018 SCO Summit of to facilitate coordination and of the eight main members in 2017. SCO has two Permanent
Heads of State and took office interaction between the SCO of the organisation agreed to Bodies: 1.SCO Secretariat in
on New Year’s Day in 2019. He member states in the fight change the membership of the Beijing, 2. Executive Committee
previously served as the Minister against terrorism, extremism and Islamic Republic of Iran from of the Regional Anti-Terrorist
of Foreign Affairs of Uzbekistan separatism. The main functions an observer member to a full Structure (RATS) in Tashkent.
(2006–2010). of SCO-RATS are coordination member and signed the relevant
72. (b) Uzbekistan and information sharing. documents.
Shanghai Five was renamed 74. (a) Iran 75. (c) Russian and Chinese are the
as Shanghai Cooperation The decision to admit Iran as official languages of the body.
P rofessor [1], a
mathematician at the Indian
Statistical Institute in Kolkata,
has been awarded the ‘2021
DST-ICTP-IMU Ramanujan
Prize for Young Mathematicians
from developing countries’
for her outstanding work in
affine algebraic geometry and
commutative algebra, informed
the Ministry of Science and
Technology. According to the
ministry, Professor Gupta is
the third woman to receive
the Ramanujan Prize, which
was first awarded in [2] and
is administered by the Abdus
Salam International Centre
for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)
jointly with the Department of
Science and Technology (DST)
Government of India and the 77. [1] had been awarded the 22nd December 1887 in
International Mathematical 2014 Young Scientists a village named Erode. 79. Which of the following
Union (IMU). The DST- Award of the Indian is replaced by [2] in the
(b) Ramanujam
ICTP-IMU Ramanujan Prize National Science Academy passage?
made substantial
committee, composed of for solving which of the
eminent mathematicians from contributions to the (a) 2004 (b) 2005
following mathematical analytical theory of
around the world, commented (c) 2006 (d) 2008
problems? numbers and worked on
that Gupta’s work “shows
impressive algebraic skill and (a) Probability Theory elliptic functions.
80. Ramanujan went to
inventiveness”. (b) Ergodic Theory (c) His papers were Cambridge on invitation
(c) Proof of Fermat’s Last published in English of which of the following
76. Which of the following and European journals,
Theorem mathematicians?
is replaced by [1] in the and in 1918 he was
passage? (d) Zariski Cancellation (a) David Hilbert
elected to the Royal
Problem (b) Andre Weil
(a) Raman Parimala Society of London.
(b) Amartya Kumar Dutta (d) In India, March 22nd is (c) Godfrey Harold
78. Which of the following is Hardy
(c) Sujata Ramdorai celebrated as National
Not true about Srinivasa
Mathematics Day in the (d) John von Neumann
(d) Neena Gupta Ramanujan?
memory of Srinivasa
(a) Ramanujan was born on Ramanujan.
76. (d) Neena Gupta woman to receive the Ramanujan December 1887 in a village Indian mathematician Srinivasa
Professor Neena Gupta, a Prize. Her solution for solving named Erode. Ramanujam made Ramanujan. It was founded in
mathematician at the Indian the Zariski cancellation problem, substantial contributions to the 2004, and was first awarded in
Statistical Institute in Kolkata, a fundamental problem in analytical theory of numbers and 2005.
has been awarded the ‘2021 Algebraic Geometry, earned her worked on elliptic functions. His 80. (c) Godfrey Harold Hardy
DST-ICTP-IMU Ramanujan the 2014 Young Scientists Award papers were published in English The famous British
Prize for Young Mathematicians of the Indian National Science and European journals, and in mathematician Godfrey Harold
from developing countries’ Academy. 1918 he was elected to the Royal Hardy recognised Ramanujan’s
for her outstanding work in 78. (d) In India, March 22nd Society of London. In India, talent in 1913. He went to
affine algebraic geometry and is celebrated as National December 22nd is celebrated as Cambridge, on Godfrey Harold
commutative algebra. Mathematics Day in the National Mathematics Day in the Hardy’s invitation.
77. (d) Zariski Cancellation memory of Srinivasa memory of Srinivasa Ramanujan.
Problem Ramanujan. 79. (b) 2005
Prof. Neena Gupta is the third Ramanujan was born on 22nd The prize is named after the
Passage (Q.81-Q.85): within the past three

The world remains unprepared years to improve their
for future epidemic and capacity to address
pandemic threats. Countries epidemic threats, it
across all income levels remain found.
dangerously unprepared to (d) 22 per cent of countries
meet future epidemic and have low to moderate
pandemic threats, according levels of public
to the new 2021 Global Health confidence in their
Security (GHS) Index released government.
December 8, 2021.
The world’s overall performance 83. Which one of the following
on the GHS Index score slipped is not of the six categories
to [1] (out of 100) in 2021, of assessment of the index?
from a score of 40.2 in the
GHS Index, 2019. This, even as (a) Compliance with
infectious diseases are expected International
to have the greatest impact on Norms
the global economy in the next (b) Risk Environment
decade. Some 101 countries (c) Detection and
high-, middle- and low-income Reporting
countries, including India, have
(d) Economic Disparity
slipped in performance since
2019.
In South Asia, India, with a
is replaced by [1] in the response plan for is replaced by [2] in the
score of 42.8 (out of 100) too,
has slipped by 0.8 points since passage? diseases with epidemic passage?
2019. But three neighbouring (a) 38.9 (b) 45.6 or pandemic potential. (a) Open Philanthropy
countries — Bangladesh, Sri (c) 44 (d) 36 (b) Seventy-three per (b) Nuclear Threat Initiative
Lanka and Maldives — have cent countries did (c) Federation of American
improved their score by 1-1.2 not have the ability Scientists
points. In 2021, no country to provide expedited
is not true regarding the (d) Ploughshares Fund
scored in the top tier of approval for medical
findings of the GHS Index
rankings and no country scored countermeasures, such
2021? 85. Which of the following
above 75.9, the report showed. as vaccines and antiviral
The document was jointly (a) Sixty-five per cent of drugs, during a public is the prescribed norm
released by non-profits [2] and assessed countries health emergency. of doctors to number of
the Johns Hopkins Center for had not published people by WHO?
(c) Close to 79 per cent
Health Security. and implemented an (a) 1:1500 (b) 1:1200
of the 195 countries
overarching national
81. Which of the following assessed had not (c) 1:1000 (d) 1:800
public health emergency
allocated national funds
81. (a) 38.9 decreasing, the index noted. ■ Rapid Response: Rapid 84. (b) Nuclear Threat Initiative
The world’s overall performance A whopping 82 per cent of response to and mitigation of the
on the GHS Index score was 38.9 countries have low to moderate spread of an epidemic. Global Health Security Index
out of 100 in 2021 levels of public confidence in ■ Health System: Sufficient and 2021 was jointly released by non-
82. (d) 22 per cent of countries have their government, according to robust health system to treat the profits Nuclear Threat Initiative
low to moderate levels of public the Index. sick and protect health workers. and the Johns Hopkins Center
confidence in their government. 83. (d) Economic Disparity ■ Compliance with International for Health Security.
Health emergencies demand The six categories are as follow: Norms: Commitments to 85. (c) 1:1000
a robust public health ■ Prevention: Prevention of improving national capacity, There is one doctor for every
infrastructure with effective the emergence or release of financing plans to address gaps, 1,445 Indians as per the country’s
governance. But the trust in pathogens. and adhering to global norms. current population estimate of
government, which has been ■ Detection and Reporting: ■ Risk Environment: Overall 135 crore, which is lower than
a key factor associated with Early detection and reporting risk environment and country the World Health Organization
success in countries’ responses for epidemics of potential vulnerability to biological (WHO) prescribed norm of one
to COVID-19, is low and international concern. threats. doctor for 1,000 people.
T he top [1] % of India’s

population earned more
than one-fifth (21.7%) of the
country’s total national income
in 2021, while the bottom 50%
made just 13.1% of the money,
showed this year’s World
Inequality Report released on
Tuesday. The top 10% of the
population owned as much as
57% of the country’s national
income in 2021, according to
the report.
The report authored by Lucas
Chancel, co-director of the
World Inequality Lab, and
coordinated by several experts,
including French economist 86. Which of the following (a) Women’s share of total
Thomas Piketty, said: “India is replaced by [1] in the incomes from work 89. Which of the following
stands out as a poor and very passage? (labour income) was countries has seen the
unequal country, with an about 30% in 1990 and largest increase in private
(a) 1 (b) 2
affluent elite.” is less than 35% now. wealth in the recent
(c) 3 (d) 5
In the preface of the report, (b) Inequalities within decades?
Nobel laureate economists countries are now (a) India
Abhijit Banerjee and Esther 87. According to the report,
greater than those (b) China
Duflo said that India was which of the following
observed between
“among the most unequal regions has the lowest (c) Indonesia
countries.
countries” in the world. The inequality levels? (d) South Korea
report said that the average (c) Over the past 40 years,
(a) Middle East
national income of the Indian countries have become
(b) South America significantly richer, but 90. According to the report,
adult population in 2021 was
(c) Europe their governments have what is the female labour
Rs 2,04,200 on purchasing
become significantly income share in India?
power parity basis. However, (d) North America
the income inequality can poorer. (a) 12% (b) 18%
be understood from the fact 88. Which of the following is (d) Europe, Latin America (c) 10% (d) 21%
that the bottom 50% of the not true according to the succeeded in stabilizing
population earned Rs 53,610 report? its 2020 income at the
during the year. level of 2019.
86. (a) 1 governments has important 89. (b) China

The top 1% of India’s population Women’s share of total incomes implications for state capacities There has been a rise of private
earned more than one-fifth from work (labour income) was to tackle inequality in the future, wealth in emerging countries
(21.7%) of the country’s total about 30% in 1990 and is less as well as the key challenges of such as China and India. China
national income in 2021, while than 35% now. the 21st century such as climate has had the largest increase in
the bottom 50% made just 13.1% Inequalities within countries change. private wealth in recent decades.
of the money, showed World are now greater than those The Covid-19 pandemic and the The private wealth increase seen
Inequality Report 2022. observed between countries. At economic crisis that followed hit in India over this time is also
87. (c) Europe the same time, the gap between all world regions, but it hit them remarkable (up from 290% in
According to the report, the the average incomes of the top with varying intensity. Europe, 1980 to 560% in 2020).
Middle East and North Africa 10% and the bottom 50% of Latin America, and South and 90. (b) 18%
(MENA) are the most unequal individuals within countries has Southeast Asia recorded the The female labour income
regions in the world, whereas almost doubled. largest drops in national income share is equal to 18% which
Europe has the lowest inequality Over the past 40 years, countries in 2020 (between -6% and -7.6%) is significantly lower than the
levels. have become significantly richer, while East Asia (where the average in Asia (21%, excluding
88. (d) Europe, Latin America but their governments have pandemic began) succeeded in China) and this value is one of
succeeded in stabilizing its 2020 become significantly poorer. stabilizing its 2020 income at the the lowest in the world.
income at the level of 2019. The currently low wealth of level of 2019.
Passage (Q.91-Q.95): (c) Aakashyaan as which of the following? 95. Which of the following is
I ndia will launch its much- (d) Gaganyaan (a) Molniya correct about ISRO?
awaited human spaceflight (b) Sputnik (a) ISRO is headquartered
mission in 2023, Union Science 92. [1] orbital vehicle will circle in Bengaluru,
(c) Soyuz
and Technology Minister the Earth at an altitude of Karnataka.
Jitendra Singh said. Named (d) Vostok
which of the following? (b) Antrix Corporation
[1], the first human space Limited (ACL) is a
mission to launch from Indian (a) 100-200 km
94. Which of the following Marketing arm of ISRO.
soil was initially set for August (b) 500-600 km is replaced by [2] in the
2022, to mark 75 years of (c) The Vikram Sarabhai
(c) 1000-1200 km passage?
India’s independence but the Space Centre is a major
(d) 300-400 km (a) Vyommitra space research centre
coronavirus-induced pandemic
forced a delay in its timeline. (b) Taaramandal of the Indian Space
Singh acknowledged the delay 93. Indian astronauts training (c) Suryamitra Research Organisation.
but added that preparations are in Russia will study in (d) All of the above
(d) Mangalmitra
going full throttle to achieve detail the systems of a
the 2023 target. He added that a Russian spacecraft known
successful [1] mission will make
India the fourth country in
the world to launch a manned
space flight.
The Union minister told
Rajya Sabha Thursday that
all the major test missions,
including the validation of
the crew escape system, will
be completed by 2022. The
first uncrewed mission will
launch at the beginning of the
second half of next year and
a second uncrewed mission is
scheduled for the end 2022. The
second mission will carry [2],
a humanoid robot developed
by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO).

is replaced by [1] in the
passage?
(a) Antarikshyaan
(b) Chandrayaan III
91. (d) Gaganyaan owned Glavkosmos signed a 94. (a) Vyommitra commercial exploitation of space
India will launch its much- contract for the training, which The second mission will carry products, technical consultancy
awaited human spaceflight includes Russian support in the Vyommitra, a humanoid robot services and transfer of
mission named, Gaganyaan selection of candidates, their developed by the Indian Space technologies developed by ISRO.
Mission in 2023. medical examination, and space Research Organisation (ISRO). The Vikram Sarabhai Space
92. (d) 300-400 km training. The candidates will 95. (d) All of the above Centre is a major space research
Gaganyaan will circle Earth at a study in detail the systems of ISRO is the space agency centre of the Indian Space
low-earth-orbit at an altitude of the Soyuz manned spaceship, as under the Department of Research Organisation, focusing
300-400 km from earth for 5-7 well as be trained in short-term Space of Government of India, on rocket and space vehicles for
days. weightlessness mode aboard the headquartered in the city of India’s satellite programme. It is
93. (c) Soyuz Il-76MDK aircraft. The Soyuz is Bengaluru, Karnataka. located in Thiruvananthapuram,
In June 2019, the Human Space a Russian spacecraft. The Soyuz Antrix Corporation Limited in the Indian state of Kerala.
Flight Centre of the ISRO carries people and supplies to (ACL) is a Marketing arm
and the Russian government- and from the space station. of ISRO for promotion and
Passage (Q.96-Q.100): price levels. For the project, the Pradesh? (a) Three (b) Ten
O n Wednesday, the funding Union Cabinet has approved (a) Tikamgarh (c) Eight (d) Fifteen
and implementation of central support of Rs 39,317
(b) Chhatarpur
the Ken-Betwa inter-linking of crore, covering a grant of Rs
(c) Panna 100.Which of the following is
rivers project were approved by 36,290 crore as well as loan of
Rs 3,027 crore, according to an true about the Ken Betwa
the Union Cabinet with a total (d) Mandsaur
IE report. Linking Project?
cost of Rs 44,605 crore. The
project has [1] years deadline. A (a) It is the first project
96. Rivers Ken and Betwa both 98. Who among the following
proposal of this effect was given under the National
are tributaries to which of suggested to link
a nod in the Cabinet meeting Perspective Plan for
the following rivers? Ganga and Cauvery for
chaired by PM Narendra interlinking of rivers.
navigational purposes?
Modi. A statement issued (a) Ganga (b) It envisages transferring
(a) Sir Arthur Cotton
after the Cabinet meeting said (b) Yamuna water from the Ken
a Special Purpose Vehicle (b) Sir Charles Wood river to the Betwa river.
(c) Narmada
(SPV) called Ken-Betwa Link (c) Sir Robert Napier (c) The Ken-Betwa Link
Project Authority (KBLPA) (d) Chambal
(d) Sir Warren Hastings Canal will be 221 km
will be established for the long, including a 2-km
implementation of the project. 97. The Ken-Betwa Linking
99. Which of the following long tunnel.
The Ken-Betwa link project’s Canal will not benefit
total cost has been assessed which of the following is replaced by [1] in the (d) All of the above
at Rs 44,605 crore at 2020-21 districts of Madhya passage?
96. (b) Yamuna Uttar Pradesh. This project will general and irrigation engineer National Perspective Plan for
Ken and Betwa rivers are provide enormous benefits to the suggested linking the Ganga and interlinking of rivers. It envisages
tributaries of the river Yamuna. districts of Panna, Tikamgarh, the Cauvery for navigational transferring water from the Ken
They flow through the Chhatarpur, Sagar, Damoh, purposes. river to the Betwa river, both
Bundelkhand region of Central Datia, Vidisha, Shivpuri and 99. (c) Eight tributaries of the Yamuna. The
India. Raisen of Madhya Pradesh and The Ken-Betwa River Linking Ken-Betwa Link Canal will be
97. (d) Mandsaur Banda, Mahoba, Jhansi and Project has a deadline of eight 221 km long, including a 2-km
The project will be of immense Lalitpur of Uttar Pradesh. years. long tunnel.
benefit to the water-starved 98. (a) Sir Arthur Cotton 100. (d) All of the above
Bundelkhand region, spread During the British Raj, Sir Ken-Betwa River Linking project
across Madhya Pradesh and Arthur Cotton, a British is the first project under the
Passage (Q.101-Q.105): a Cooperative as “an

Union Home and Cooperation autonomous association
Minister Amit Shah announced of persons united
that the Centre has decided voluntarily to meet their
to amend the Multi State common economic,
Cooperative Societies (MSCS) social, and cultural needs
Act to “plug the loopholes in and aspirations through
the Act”. He was speaking at the a jointly-owned and
convocation of the Vaikunth democratically-controlled
Metha National Institute of enterprise.”
Cooperative Management, (a) India Cooperative
Pune. Alliance
Cooperatives are a state subject, (b) International
but there are many societies Cooperative Alliance
such as those for sugar and
milk, banks, milk unions etc (c) Asian Cooperative
whose members and areas of Alliance
operation are spread across (d) United Nation
more than one state. The Act Cooperative Alliance
was passed to govern such
cooperatives. 104.The word “cooperatives”
For example, most sugar mills was added after “unions
along the districts on the has the highest number at 567, 102.Why does the government and associations” in which
Karnataka-Maharashtra border followed by Uttar Pradesh (147) of the following Article of
plan to amend the Act?
procure cane from both states. and New Delhi (133). Credit the Constitution.
(a) To allow smooth
They draw their membership societies constitute the bulk (a) Article 21
functioning of these
from both states, and they of registered societies at 610, (b) Article 04
societies.
are thus registered under the followed by agro-based ones
MSCS Act. Their board of (b) Act cushions them (c) Article 19
(which include sugar mills,
directors has representation spinning mills etc) at 244. There from the interference of (d) Article 02
from all states they operate in. are 96 multistate cooperative state authorities so that
Administrative and financial dairies and 66 multistate these societies are able 105.Which of the following can
control of these societies is with cooperative banks. to function in multiple best be replace by [1] in the
the central registrar, with the states. above passage?
law making it clear that no state 101.In which year Multi State (c) Increasing the
Cooperative Societies (a) Maharashtra
government official can wield manpower to ensure
any control on them. (MSCS) Act, was passed in (b) Rajasthan
better governance of the
Since the law was enacted, India? societies. (c) Karnataka
1,479 such societies have been (a) 1999 (b) 2000 (d) All of the above (d) Tamil Nadu
registered, of which 9 have been (c) 2001 (d) 2002
deregistered since. [1] state
103.Which body defines
101. (d) 2002 registrar, who is also the Central The International Cooperative (c) under Part III of the
The Multi State Cooperative Cooperative Commissioner, Alliance (ICA) defines a Constitution. This enables all
Societies Bill was introduced in was meant to allow smooth Cooperative as “an autonomous the citizens to form cooperatives
the Parliament. The bill having functioning of these societies. association of persons united by giving it the status of
been passed by both the Houses The central Act cushions them voluntarily to meet their fundamental right of citizens.
of Parliament received the assent from the interference of state common economic, social, and 105. (a) Maharashtra
of the President on 3rd July 2002 authorities so that these societies cultural needs and aspirations Maharashtra has the highest
and it came on the Statute Book are able to function in multiple through a jointly-owned and number of such cooperative
as The Multi State Cooperative states. What was supposed to democratically-controlled societies at 567, followed by
Societies ACT 2002 (39 of 2002). facilitate smooth functioning, enterprise.” Uttar Pradesh (147) and New
102. (d) All of the above however, has created obstacles. 104. (c) Article 19 Delhi (133). The MSCS Act
Experts on cooperatives talk 103. (b) United Nation Cooperative The word “cooperatives” was passed to govern such
of loopholes in the Act. The Alliance was added after “unions and cooperatives.
exclusive control of the central associations” in Article 19(1)
Passage (Q.106-Q.110): 105th report of the

The Election Laws Department Related
(Amendment) Bill, 2021 Parliamentary Standing
that seeks to link electoral Committee on Personal,
roll data with the Aadhaar Public Grievances and
ecosystem was passed by Lok Law and Justice.
Sabha Monday amid protests
by Opposition members who 108.Which of the following
raised strong objection to politicians said if the
the Bill, saying it violates the Bill becomes an Act, the
fundamental right to privacy. government would be able
The Bill was passed via voice to use voter identity details
vote while several Opposition for “disenfranchising some
members stood in the Well of people and profile the
the House, raising slogans. citizens”?
Union Law Minister [1], who (a) Mulayam Singh
introduced the Bill, said, Yadav
“There is also a provision to
link Aadhaar with the voter ID (b) Rahul Gandhi
card. It is voluntary. It is not (c) Shashi Tharoor
compulsory or mandatory.” (d) Asaduddin Owaisi
Slamming the Opposition
parties, he said they have
regard should be amended at 109.What is the title of the
“either not read the Bill or they
the earliest and action taken is 107.Which of the following is Hackathon hosted by The
are opposing deliberately”.
required to be forwarded to the not a Salient Features of the Unique Identification
Rejecting the Opposition committee,” he said. He said the Authority of India
bill?
demand for sending the Bill Bill was brought to comply with (UIDAI)?
to the standing committee, (a) This aims to curb the
the Supreme Court judgment menace of multiple (a) Aadhaar Hackathon
minister quoted the [2]th which had suggested laws to
report of the Department enrolment of the same 2021
define permissible invasion of person in different
Related Parliamentary Standing (b) UIDAI Hackathon 2021
privacy.
Committee on Personal, Public places. (c) Identification
Grievances and Law and 106. Which of the following (b) It provides for Hackathon 2021
Justice. can be replace by [1] in the amendment of section (d) None of the above
“The committee is of the above passage? 23 of the Representation
view that linking Aadhaar (a) Kiren Rijiju of People’s Act, 1950.
110.Which of the following can
with electoral rolls will (c) This will act as a catalyst
(b) Piyush Goyal be replaced by [2] in the
purify electoral rolls and will for bogus voting and
consequently reduce electoral (c) Dharmendra above passage?
fraudulent votes.
malpractices. Accordingly, Pradhan (a) 101 (b) 103
(d) This linking is in
the committee has directed (d) Hardeep Singh Puri (c) 99 (d) 105
consonance with
that the relevant law in this
106. (a) Kiren Rijiju section 23 of the Representation Grievances and Law and Justice. 2021’ from 28th October 2021 to
Kiren Rijiju is an Indian lawyer of People’s Act, 1950, enabling 108. (d) Asaduddin Owaisi 31st October 2021.
and politician from Arunachal the linking of electoral roll data AIMIM MP Asaduddin Owaisi 110. (d) 105
Pradesh who is the current with the Aadhaar ecosystem. said if the Bill becomes an Act, Rejecting the Opposition
Minister of Law and Justice This aims to curb the menace the government would be able demand for sending the Bill
of India, in the Second Modi of multiple enrolment of the to use voter identity details for to the standing committee,
ministry from 7 July 2021. He is same person in different places. “disenfranchising some people Rijiju quoted the 105th report
a member of the Bharatiya Janata This will help in stopping bogus and profile the citizens”. of the Department Related
Party. voting and fraudulent votes. 109. (a) Aadhaar Hackathon 2021 Parliamentary Standing
107. (c) This will act as a catalyst for This linking is in consonance To celebrate the ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Committee on Personal, Public
bogus voting and fraudulent with 105th report of the Mahotsav’ and to promote a Grievances and Law and Justice.
votes. Department Related culture of innovation among
De-Duplication of Electoral Roll: Parliamentary Standing Indian Youth, UIDAI is
It provides for amendment of Committee on Personal, Public conducting ‘Aadhaar Hackathon
Passage (Q.111-Q.115): there is a broad ‘regional
I ndia and Central Asian consensus’ on the issues

nations share a “broad related to Afghanistan,
regional consensus” on which includes formation
Afghanistan, said a regional of a truly representative
conference of Foreign Ministers and inclusive government,
that proposed the use of the combating terrorism and drug
India-run terminal at the trafficking, central role of the
Chabahar port in Iran as a UN, providing immediate (b) To explore the (c) Khambhat
route for trade. humanitarian assistance for the possibility of (d) None of the above
Afghan people and preserving establishing joint
A joint statement issued at
the rights of women, children working groups
the end of deliberations as 114. A month after 9/11, the US
and other national ethnic to address the free
part of the third India-Central launched airstrikes against
groups,” the joint statement movements of goods
Asia dialogue, hosted by Afghanistan under which
said. In his opening remarks, and services between
External Affairs Minister S. of the following operation?
Mr. Jaishankar said that the
Jaishankar with the Foreign India and the Central
six nations all shared common (a) Operation Claret
Ministers of Kazakhstan, the Asian states.
“concerns and objectives” in
Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, (c) The connectivity (b) Operation Freedom’s
Afghanistan.
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, initiatives (China’s Belt sentinel
said it was important to provide 111.The 3rd meeting of and Road Initiative) (c) Operation Enduring
“immediate” humanitarian aid the India-Central Asia should be based on Freedom
for Afghans. Dialogue was held in the principles of (d) Operation Epidote
Ministers had confirmed the (a) New Delhi transparency, broad
participation of the leaders participation, local
of their respective countries (b) Lucknow 115.Which of the following
priorities, financial
at India’s Republic Day (c) Hyderabad point was not discussed
sustainability and
celebration, when they will in 3rd India-Central Asia
(d) Chennai respect for sovereignty
hold a summit-level dialogue Dialogue?
and territorial integrity
with Prime Minister Narendra of all countries. (a) International North-
112.Which of the following are
Modi. The Central Asia South Transport
the key point discussed (d) All of the above
dialogue comes a month after Corridor
in 3rd India-Central Asia
National Security Adviser Ajit (b) India Pakistan Kashmir
Dialogue? 113.Chabahar Port is located on
Doval hosted five counterparts Issue
from the region for a security (a) Discussed on including the Gulf of
Chabahar Port within (c) China’s Belt and Road
dialogue focusing on (a) Oman
the framework of Initiative
Afghanistan. (b) Kutch
Ministers noted that INSTC. (d) Situation of Afghanistan
111. (a) New Delhi the Central Asian countries. Asian states. and Afghan Armed Forces. It
The 3rd meeting of the India- Stressed on including Chabahar 113. (a) Oman was the longest war in United
Central Asia Dialogue was held Port within the framework of Chabahar port is located on States history, surpassing the
in New Delhi. It is a ministerial- INSTC and expressed interest the Gulf of Oman and is only Vietnam War (1955–1975) by
level dialogue between India in cooperation on issues 72 km away from the Gwadar approximately five months.
and the Central Asian countries related to the development port in Pakistan which has been 115. (b) India Pakistan Kashmir
namely Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and strengthening of regional developed by China. Issue
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and connectivity in Central and 114. (c) Operation Enduring Following are the points
Uzbekistan. South Asia. Freedom discussed in 3rd India-Central
India virtually hosted the second Agreed to develop the transit The War in Afghanistan was a Asia Dialogue: -
meeting of the India-Central and transport potential of their conflict that took place from International North-South
Asia Dialogue in 2020. countries, improve the regional 2001 to 2021 in the South Asian Transport Corridor
112. (d) All of the above logistics network and promote country of Afghanistan. It began Connectivity projects like China’s
Emphasis on optimum usage of joint initiatives to create new when the United States and its Belt and Road Initiative
the International North-South transport corridors. allies invaded Afghanistan and Situation of Afghanistan
Transport Corridor (INSTC) Agreed to explore the possibility toppled the Taliban-ruled Islamic Counter Terrorism Efforts
as well as Ashgabat Agreement of establishing joint working Emirate. The war ended with the Use of a USD 1 billion line of
on International Transport and groups to address the free Taliban regaining power after credit
Transit Corridor to enhance movements of goods and services a 19 years and 10 months-long Post-pandemic Recovery etc
connectivity between India and between India and the Central insurgency against allied NATO
T he Delhi High Court has

observed that ‘right to
privacy’ includes the right to be
forgotten and the right to be left
alone while directing various
online platforms, including
YouTube, to take down certain
objectionable video clips of a
Bengali actor.
Justice Asha Menon was of
the opinion that “the right to
privacy of the plaintiff (woman)
is to be protected, especially
when it is her person that is
being exhibited, and against her
will”.
The woman, who claimed to be
a well-known actor in Bengali
films, said she was approached
by Ram Gopal Verma Studios
for filming a web series. She
116.In which year the Right withdrawing from
said on the promise made
to Privacy was declared a 118.Which of the following society.
to her of giving her the lead
role in the web series, she was fundamental right by the key points is not correct (d) None of the above
lured into participating in a Supreme Court? regarding the Right to
demonstration video/trailer, (a) 2015 Privacy & Right to be
119.Information Technology
comprising explicit scenes forgotten?
(b) 2016 Act was passed in India
of complete frontal nudity. (a) Right to privacy is in which of the following
(c) 2017
However, the project fell protected as an intrinsic year?
through and the web series was (d) 2018 part of the right to life
(a) 1998 (b) 2000
never produced. and personal liberty
(c) 2003 (d) 2006
In December 2020, the woman 117.The RTBF emerges from under Article 21.
came across the videos, which the right to privacy (b) The RTBF gained
under which of the 120.Centre’s Surveillance
had been uploaded by the importance after the
producer on his YouTube following Article of India Project National
2014 decision of the
channel and website. On her constitution? Intelligence Grid was first
Court of Justice of
request, the producer later conceptualised in which
(a) Article 19 the European Union
removed them. However, year?
(b) Article 21 (“CJEU”) in the Google
without her consent, several Spain case. (a) 2012 (b) 2010
other websites uploaded those (c) Article 20 (c) 2015 (d) 2009
(c) Right to be Left Alone
videos. (d) Article 22
mean that one is
116. (c) 2017 right to privacy under Article withdrawing from society. It is an computer systems and data
The Supreme Court described 21 and partly from the right to expectation that society will not stored therein.
privacy and its importance in dignity under Article 14. This interfere in the choices made by 120. (d) 2009
the landmark decision of K.S. brings the person’s right to be left the person so long as they do not National Intelligence Grid:
Puttaswamy v. Union of India alone, derived from Article 21, cause harm to others. First conceptualised in 2009,
in 2017 that - Right to Privacy is directly in conflict with the rights 119. (b) 2000 NATGRID (National intelligence
a fundamental and inalienable of the media to report on issues, Information Technology Act Grid) seeks to become the one-
right and attaches to the person flowing from Article 19. was passed in 2000. It Provides stop destination for security and
covering all information about 118. (c) Right to be Left Alone mean for safeguard against certain intelligence agencies to access
that person and the choices that that one is withdrawing from breaches in relation to data from databases related to immigration
he/ she makes. society. computer systems. It contains entry and exit, banking and
117. (b) Article 21 About the Right to be Left Alone: provisions to prevent the telephone details of a suspect on
The RTBF emerges from the It doesn’t mean that one is unauthorized use of computers, a “secured platform”.
Passage (Q.121-Q.125): innovation to be diverted toward (a) Turkey (b) UAE community and the
The Biden administration said uses contrary to U.S. national (c) Iraq (d) Egypt public on human rights
that it is imposing new sanctions security,” she said. issues.
on several Chinese biotech and The Treasury Department 123.USA administration has (d) All of the above
surveillance companies and is also set to issue penalties recently imposed sanctions
government entities for actions in against several Chinese on Turkey for which of the 125.Xinjiang is technically an
Xinjiang province, the latest step entities, according to a senior following reason? autonomous region within
against Beijing over human rights administration official. China and it does not share
abuses of [1]. The official, explaining the (a) Purchase of the S-400
missile system from its boundary with which of
The Commerce Department is Commerce Department actions,
Russia. the following country?
targeting China’s Academy of noted that U.S. intelligence has
established that Beijing has (b) Purchase of the Oil (a) India
Military Medical Sciences and
its 11 research institutes that set up a high tech surveillance from Iran (b) Nepal
focus on using biotechnology system across Xinjiang that uses (c) Trade deal sigh with (c) Mangolia
to support the Chinese military. biometric facial recognition and North Korea (d) Afghanistan.
The move will bar American has collected DNA samples from
(d) Imposing Islamic
companies from selling all residents, ages 12 to 65, in
Xinjiang as part of a systematic restriction on other
components to the entities Islamic nations in
without a license. effort to suppress Uighurs.
NATO.
“The scientific pursuit of 121.Which of the following
biotechnology and medical option best is replaces 124.Which of the following
innovation can save lives. by [1] in the following is the role of High
Unfortunately, the PRC (People’s passage? Commissioner for Human
Republic of China) is choosing
(a) Sunni Muslims Rights in United Nation?
to use these technologies to
pursue control over its people (b) Shi’a Muslims (a) Inject a human rights
and its repression of members (c) Uighur Muslims perspective into all UN
of ethnic and religious minority programmes
(d) None of the above
groups,” Commerce Secretary (b) Promote and protect all
Gina Raimondo said in a human rights
statement. “We cannot allow 122.The Uighurs are a
predominantly Muslim (c) Help empower people
U.S. commodities, technologies,
minority ethnic group of on research, education,
and software that support
which of the following and advocacy activities
medical science and biotechnical
Muslim Nation? by the international
121. (c) Uighur Muslims USA administration has recently evaluate human rights progress judicious enactment of laws and
The U.S is imposing new imposed sanctions on Turkey worldwide. policies the world around.
sanctions on several Chinese for its purchase of the S-400 Help empower people: Our Inject a human rights perspective
biotech and surveillance missile system from Russia. research, education, and into all UN programmes: We
companies and government Turkey is a North Atlantic Treaty advocacy activities, contributes mainstream human rights into all
entities over human rights Organization (NATO) ally of to the increased awareness and UN programmes to ensure that
abuses of Uyghur Muslims in the the USA. The United States had engagement by the international peace and security, development,
Xinjiang region of China. made it clear to Turkey that its community and the public and human rights - the three
122. (a) Turkey purchase of the S-400 system on human rights issues. This pillars of the UN - are interlinked
The Uighurs are a predominantly would endanger the security of means thousands of people and mutually reinforced.
Muslim minority Turkic ethnic the USA. Its procurement will in all regions of the world are 125. (b) Nepal
group, whose origins can be provide substantial funds to empowered to claim their rights. It is bordered by the Chinese
traced to Central and East Asia. Russia’s defense sector, as well Assist Governments: Through provinces of Qinghai and
The Uyghurs speak their own as Russian access to the Turkish our field presences, we help Gansu to the east, the Tibet
language, which is similar to armed forces and defense prevent abuses and contribute Autonomous Region to the
Turkish, and see themselves as industry. to defusing situations that south, Afghanistan and the
culturally and ethnically close 124. (d) All of the above could lead to conflict. Our disputed territory of Kashmir
to Central Asian nations. They Following are the roles: - monitoring and analysis feeds to the southwest, Kyrgyzstan
make up less than half of the Promote and protect all human sensitive decision-making and and Tajikistan to the west,
Xinjiang population. rights: We speak out objectively development programming. We Kazakhstan to the northwest,
123.(a) Purchase of the S-400 in the face of human rights also provide capacity-building Russia to the north, and
missile system from violations and help elaborate and legal advice to thousands, Mongolia to the northeast.
Russia. the standards that are used to supporting the development and
THE CENTRE has given “in-
principle’’ approval for setting
up of [1] nuclear power reactors
at Jaitapur in Maharashtra,
Minister of State for Atomic
Energy Jitendra Singh said
on Thursday. The six nuclear
power reactors, which will have
a capacity of 1,650 MW each,
will be set up with technical
cooperation from France. It will
be the country’s largest nuclear
power generating site with a
total capacity of 9,900 MW.
In a written reply to a question
in Rajya Sabha, Singh said the
project is proposed to be set up
at Jaitapur in Ratnagiri district.
Currently, the government is
holding techno-commercial
discussions to arrive at the
project proposal with French saving about 650 million Tons
firm EDF. of CO2 emission. 128.Which of the following 129.The present nuclear power
In a separate written reply key point is not correct capacity of 6,780 MW is
126.Which of the following is regarding the issue expected to be increased to
to a question in Rajya Sabha best replaces by [1] in the
on nuclear power capacity, discussed in the passage? 22,480 MW by which year?
passage?
the minister said the present (a) It would provide (a) 2025 (b) 2031
installed nuclear power capacity (a) Four electricity to seven crore (c) 2035 (d) 2028
in the country is 6,780 MW and (b) Five households.
the share of nuclear power in (c) Six (b) There would be 130.Rawatbhata Nuclear Power
the total electricity generation (d) Three six state-of-the-art plants is located in which of
in 2020-21 is about 3.1%. Evolutionary Power the following state of India?
The minister said nuclear Reactors with an (a) Maharashtra
127.The Jaitpur Project is a key
power is clean and environment installed capacity of 9.6
component of the strategic (b) Madhya Pradesh
friendly, apart from having a GWe that will produce
partnership between India (c) Gujrat
“huge potential to ensure the low carbon electricity.
and which country?
country’s long-term energy (c) This project will (d) Rajasthan
security on a sustainable basis’’. (a) USA
embody the strong
The nuclear power plants (b) Japan partnership between
have so far generated about (c) Germany India and France.
755 billion units of electricity,
(d) France (d) All of the above
126. (c) Six world’s most powerful nuclear village of Ratnagiri district in nuclear power reactors are
The Centre has given in-principle power plant. Maharashtra. All the options are planned in the future.
(first step ) approval for setting 128. (d) All of the above correct. 130. (d) Rajasthan
up of six nuclear power reactors Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project 129. (b) 2031 The Rajasthan Atomic Power
at Jaitapur in Maharashtra. is a proposed nuclear power Net zero targets are expected to Station is located at Rawatbhata
127. (d) France plant in India. If built, it would be met through a combination in the state of Rajasthan, India.
This project is a key component be the largest nuclear power of various clean energy sources, Two more reactors (RAPS-5
of the strategic partnership generating station in the world including nuclear power. In this and RAPS-6) with 220 MWe
between India and France as by net generation capacity, at context, the present nuclear have also been built, with unit 5
stated by President Emmanuel 9,900 MW. The power project power capacity of 6,780 MW beginning commercial operation
Macron and Prime Minister is proposed by Nuclear Power is expected to be increased on 4 February 2010, and unit 6
Narendra Modi on several Corporation of India (NPCIL) to 22,480 MW by 2031 on on 31 March 2010.
occasions. Jaitapur would be the and would be built at Madban completion of projects. More
The US sanctions on Iran have
not affected India’s Chabahar
port project, External Affairs
Minister S Jaishankar told Lok
Sabha on Friday.
Replying to a question from
BSP member Ritesh Pandey, the
minister also clarified that US
sanctions are “not relevant” to
India’s Chabahar port project in
Iran “at all”.
During the Question Hour,
Pandey sought to know from the
government if US sanctions on
Iran had any bearing on India’s
project at the Chabahar port,
and claimed that the Iranian
government is “publicly saying
that our Chabahar port project
has been miserably delayed” due
to sanctions imposed by the US”.
The BSP member also claimed
he is “aware” that China is trying
(a) Iran ONGC Videsh Ltd (OVL) 135.The USA administration
to work on the project by taking
(b) Pakistan had discovered the gas field has recently imposed
advantage of US sanctions on
in which year? sanctions on Turkey for
Iran as it did “with the rail link”, (c) Afghanistan
and asked the government if it is (a) 2000 which of the following
(d) Oman reason?
working on a “solution”. (b) 2008
“I would like to inform the (a) Purchase of the S-400
132.In 2015, Iran with which (c) 2012
member that (his) assertion missile system from
group of world powers – (d) 2014 Russia.
is completely inaccurate. This agreed on a long-term deal
agreement was signed in 2016. (b) Purchase of the Oil
on its nuclear programme? 134.Chabahar Port is located on
We took possession of the from Iran
terminal in 2018. We have (a) P5 + 1 the Gulf of
(c) Trade deal sigh with
already supplied six cranes. The (b) G- 20 (a) Oman North Korea
terminal is fully functional,” (c) G- 7 (b) Kutch (d) Imposing Islamic
Minister Jaishankar said.
(d) None of the above (c) Khambhat restriction on other
131.Which of the following is a (d) None of the above Islamic nations in
landlocked country among 133.There is a setback for India’s NATO.
the following? energy ties with Iran as
131. (c) Afghanistan Germany agreed on a long-term the ongoing cooperation on that Turkey is a North Atlantic Treaty
Afghanistan is completely deal on its nuclear programme. front. Organization (NATO) ally of
landlocked—the nearest coast The deal was named as Joint 134. (a) Oman the USA. The United States had
lies along the Arabian Sea, Comprehensive Plan of Action Chabahar port is located on made it clear to Turkey that its
about 300 miles (480 km) to the (JCPOA) and in common the Gulf of Oman and is only purchase of the S-400 system
south—and, because of both its parlance as Iran Nuclear Deal. 72 km away from the Gwadar would endanger the security of
isolation and its volatile political 133. (b) 2008 port in Pakistan which has been the USA. Its procurement will
history, it remains one of the Iran on Monday gave the developed by China. provide substantial funds to
most poorly surveyed areas of Farzad B gas field to Petropars, 135. (a) Purchase of the S-400 Russia’s defense sector, as well
the world. a domestic gas producer. This is missile system from Russia. as Russian access to the Turkish
132. (a) P5 + 1 a setback for India’s energy ties USA administration has recently armed forces and defense
In 2015, Iran with the P5+1 with Iran as ONGC Videsh Ltd imposed sanctions on Turkey industry.
group of world powers - the US, (OVL) had discovered the gas for its purchase of the S-400
UK, France, China, Russia, and field in 2008 and has been part of missile system from Russia.
organization’s activities
(b) A privilege granted by
some organizations
to members of ISA to
give them an ability
to participate in the
organization’s activities.
(c) A privilege granted by
some organizations to
members and non-
members to give them
an ability to participate
in the organization’s
activities.
(d) All of the above.
Passage (Q.136-Q.140): Framework Convention on 136.Which of the following is 139.Which of the following
Climate Change (UNFCCC) best replace by [1] in the solar initiatives is not
The UN General Assembly has initiated by India?
conferred Observer Status to held in [2] in 2015. above passage?
the International Solar Alliance “I am taking the floor on (a) 21 (b) 22 (a) National Solar Mission
(ISA), a historic decision which behalf of India and [2]. I take (c) 25 (d) 26 (b) First Green Hydrogen
India said would help provide this opportunity to thank Mobility project
for a well-defined cooperation the entire UN membership (c) INDC’s target
between the Alliance and the for adopting the resolution 137.Which of the following is
best replace by [2] in the (d) All of the above
United Nations that would conferring Observer Status to
benefit global energy growth the International Solar Alliance above passage?
and development. (ISA). I am particularly happy (a) USA (b) France 140.The President of the United
The ISA was conceived as a that such a historic decision (c) UK (d) Japan Nation General Assembly
joint effort by India and [2] to has been taken by the UN is elected by assembly to
mobilise efforts against climate General Assembly under your serve how many year term
138.What is the meaning of of office?
change through the deployment (UNGA President Abdulla
observer status?
of solar energy solutions. It Shahid) leadership, under (a) One (b) Two
the Presidency of Hope,” (a) A privilege granted by
was presented by the leaders (c) Three (d) Five
of the two countries at the Permanent Representative of some organizations
[1[st Conference of Parties India to the United Nations to non-members to
(COP[1]) to the United Nations Ambassador T.S. Tirumurti said give them an ability
in a statement on Thursday. to participate in the
136. (a) 21 Framework Convention on of renewable power capacity by

It was presented by the leaders Climate Change (UNFCCC) held The National Solar Mission is 2022 by setting a new target to
of the two countries at the in Paris in 2015. an initiative of the Government increase its share of non-fossil-
21st Conference of Parties 138. (a) A privilege granted by some of India and State Governments based power capacity from
(COP21) to the United Nations organizations to non-members to promote solar power. The 30 percent today to about 40
Framework Convention on to give them an ability to mission is one of the several percent by 2030 (with the help of
Climate Change (UNFCCC) held participate in the organization’s policies of the National Action international support).
in Paris in 2015. activities Plan on Climate Change. 140 (a) One
137. (b) France Observer status is a privilege NTPC Renewable Awards India’s The General Assembly, each year,
The ISA was conceived as a granted by some organizations First Green Hydrogen Project In elects a GA President to serve a
joint effort by India and France to non-members to give them Andhra Pradesh. NTPC has also one-year term of office.
to mobilise efforts against an ability to participate in signed a deal with Ladakh Union Each year, in September, the full
climate change through the the organization’s activities. territory for a green hydrogen UN membership meets in the
deployment of solar energy ... Observers generally have a mobility project. A company by General Assembly Hall in New
solutions. It was presented by limited ability to participate in the name of NVVN will jointly York for the annual General
the leaders of the two countries the IGO, lacking the ability to execute the plan. Assembly session, and general
at the 21st Conference of Parties vote or propose resolutions. India’s INDC builds on its goal debate, which many heads of
(COP21) to the United Nations 139.(d) All of the above of installing 175 gigawatts (GW) state attend and address.
Passage (Q.141-Q.145): but part of procedure

A court in India has granted bail established by law under
to prominent rights activist and which Article?
lawyer Sudha Bharadwaj, more (a) 19 (b) 14
than three years after she, along (c) 15 (d) 21
with more than a dozen others,
was accused of conspiring to set
off caste violence in a village in 144.Which of the following key
the western state of Maharashtra. point is correct regarding
the issue discussed above?
A week after the Bombay
High Court granted “default (a) Right to default bail
bail” to Bharadwaj, a National under Section 167(2),
Investigation Agency (NIA) CrPC not merely a
court on Wednesday laid out statutory right, but part of
the bail’s conditions, asking the procedure established by
60-year-old activist to submit a law under Article 21.
bond of [1] rupees , surrender (b) The right to bail on
her passport and remain in the investigation agency’s
Mumbai for further investigation. default is considered an
The court also prevented her ‘indefeasible right’, but it
from talking to the media about should be availed of at the
the case. appropriate time.
Bharadwaj was arrested in (c) The issue of default
August 2018 in the Bhima- bail arises where it is not
Koregaon case, which refers possible for the police to
to a village by the same name complete an investigation
in Maharashtra, located about Dalits was allegedly attacked (b) 50000
by Hindus belonging to the in 24 hours.
170km (106 miles) southeast of (c) 75000
India’s financial capital Mumbai. privileged castes, who typically (d) All of the above
(d) 100000
resent the celebration of the
On January 1 each year, 200-year-old battle. At least one
members of India’s marginalised 145.The name of the victory
person was killed and many 142.Default bail is a
Dalit (former “untouchables”) pillar Bhima-Koregaon
others wounded in the violence, (a) Statutory bail village (Pune district of
community gather at Bhima- leading to protests across
Koregaon to mark a battle in (b) Constitutional bail Maharashtra) celebrated
Maharashtra and other parts of the 203rd anniversary of
1818 in which the Dalits sided India. (c) both
with the colonial British army to the Bhima-Koregaon battle.
(d) none
defeat Hindu upper-caste Peshwa 141.Which of the following is (a) Jaystambh
rulers. best replaced by [1] in the (b) Ranstambh
143.Right to default bail under
The commemorations in 2018, above passage? Section 167(2), CrPC not (c) Manostambh
however, were marred by (a) 25000 merely a statutory right,
violence after a rally led by the (d) Both a and b
141.(b) 50000 Default or statutory bail is a held that right to default bail not less than 10 years, the period
A week after the Bombay right, regardless of the nature of is not merely a statutory right available is 90 days.
High Court granted “default the crime. The stipulated period under the first proviso to Section It is also known as statutory bail.
bail” to Bharadwaj, a National within which the charge sheet 167(2) of the CrPC, but that it is This is enshrined in Section
Investigation Agency (NIA) has to be filed begins from the part of the procedure established 167(2) of the Code of Criminal
court on Wednesday laid out day the accused is remanded for by law under Article 21 of the Procedure.
the bail’s conditions, asking the the first time. It includes days Constitution of India. All the statement are correct
60-year-old activist to submit a undergone in both police and 144.(d) All of the above 145.(d) Both a and b
bond of 50,000 rupees ($663), judicial custody, but not days For most offences, the police The victory pillar (also known
surrender her passport and spent in house-arrest. have 60 days to complete the as Ranstambh or Jaystambh)
remain in Mumbai for further 143.(d) 21 investigation and file a final in Bhima-Koregaon village
investigation. The court also A three-judge bench of the report before the court. (Pune district of Maharashtra)
prevented her from talking to the Supreme Court comprising of However, where the offence celebrated the 203rd anniversary
media about the case. Justices Rohinton Fali Nariman, attracts death sentence or life of the Bhima-Koregaon battle of
142.(a) Statutory bail Navin Sinha and KM Joseph has imprisonment, or a jail term of 1818 on 1st January, 2021.
Passage (Q.146-Q.150): in producing Technical

With a view to attract Textiles in the world?
investment, boost employment (a) 4th
generation and position itself (b) 6th
strongly in the global textile
market, the Government has (c) 8th
approved setting up of [1] PM (d) 12th
Mega Integrated Textile Region 149.The MITRA park aim is to
and Apparel (PM MITRA) (a) Integrate the entire
Parks in Greenfield/Brownfield textile value chain from
sites including plug and play
spinning, weaving,
facility with an outlay of Rs.
have expressed interest so far. (b) Seven processing/dyeing,
4445 cr for a period of seven
Government of India is (c) Six printing to garment
years up to 2027-28. The
implementing the Scheme manufacturing at one
DCS is for creation of Core (d) Five
for Integrated Textile Park location.
Infrastructure. (iv) There is 147.Which of the following is
provision of Rs. 300 Cr. per (SITP) which provides support (b) Disintegrate the entire
for creation of world-class the salient features of the
park for incentivizing the textile value chain from
infrastructure facilities for issue discussed above?
industries to set up their units spinning, weaving,
in the park. There is a provision setting up of textile units. (a) It park will be developed processing/dyeing,
to use 10% of the park’s area Government grant upto Rs. by a Special Purpose printing to garment
for Commercial Development 40.00 crores per park is released Vehicle. manufacturing to many
(CD) and revenue stream from in instalments, subject to the (b) Each Park will have locations in the country.
CD may help maintenance of progress achieved in creation an incubation centre, (c) To increase the
common assets and facilities. of infrastructure and common common processing production of textile in
facilities. Out of 56 Textile house and a common
The selection of sites will be by the country.
Parks approved/ sanctioned, 24 effluent treatment plant
way of challenge method with (d) To decrease export of
parks have been completed as and other textile related
weightage of parameters for textile to other countries
per scheme guidelines. In these facilities.
examples connectivity, power in west.
parks, a total of 1757 units
infrastructure, water and waste (c) Investors who set up
are operational, and Rs.12470 150.Which project is the one
water disposal system, Industry “anchor plants” that
crs(approx) of investment that lacks constraints
Friendly labour laws, Single employ at least 100
have been mobilized and have imposed by prior work on
Window Clearances, Stable and people will be eligible
generated 95644 employment the site?
Conducive industrial/textile for incentives of upto Rs
till date.
policy of the state. States like 10 crore every year for (a) Greenfield
Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Odisha, 146.Which of the following is
upto three years. (b) Brownfield
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, best replace by [1] in the
above passage? (d) All of the above (c) Both
Rajasthan, Assam, Karnataka,
Madhya Pradesh and Telangana (a) Eight 148.What is the rank of India (d) None
146. (b) Seven mode. (iii) there is a provision fabrics that have applications United Nations Sustainable
The Government has approved of Development Capital Support across various industries Development Goal 9 (“Build
setting up of 7 PM Mega (DCS) @30% of the project cost including automobiles, civil resilient infrastructure, promote
Integrated Textile Region and with a maximum support of ₹ engineering and construction, sustainable industrialization and
Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks in 500 Cr and ₹200 Crore per park agriculture, healthcare, industrial foster innovation”).
Greenfield/Brownfield sites with for Greenfield and Brownfield safety, personal protection etc. 150. (a) Greenfield
an outlay of Rs. 4445 cr for a PM MITRA Park respectively. 149. (a) Integrate the entire A greenfield project is one that
period of seven years upto 2027- The DCS is for creation of Core textile value chain from lacks constraints imposed by
28. Infrastructure. (iv) There is spinning, weaving, processing/ prior work on the site. Typically,
147. (d) All of the above provision of Rs. 300 Cr. per park dyeing, printing to garment what a greenfield project entails
The salient features are:- (i) for incentivizing the industries to manufacturing at one location. is development on a completely
Willing state governments set up their units in the park. The MITRA park aims to vacant site. Architects start
to have ready availability of 148. (b) 6th integrate the entire textile value completely from scratch. A
contiguous and encumbrance- India is the 6th largest producer chain from spinning, weaving, brownfield project is one that
free land parcel of 1000+ of Technical Textiles with 6% processing/dyeing, printing carries constraints related to the
acres for being eligible. (ii) It Global Share, largest producer of to garment manufacturing at current state of the site.
is envisaged to be on Public cotton & jute in the world. one location. It also envisaged
Private Partnership (PPP) Technical textiles are functional to help India in achieving the
ONE LINERS
1. All India Radio has decided this, Naga leaders and the districts of Nagaland. This Magdalena Andersson from
to begin a new programme central government reached year’s edition of Nagaland’s the Social Democratic Party
called AIRNxt to offer youth an agreement to create a iconic Hornbill Festival, (SDP) won her 2nd election
a platform to air their voices separate region of the Naga widely hailed as the “festival and became the 1st female
as part of the ongoing Hills in 1957. The State of festivals”. Prime Minister (PM) of
of Nagaland Act, 1962, Sweden.
6. Petr Fiala has been sworn in
was thus enacted by the
as the new Prime Minister 10.
General MM Naravane
Parliament to give Nagaland
of the Czech Republic by released a book ‘Bangladesh
statehood.
President Milos Zeman. Liberation @ 50 years: ‘Bijoy’
4. The Arunachal Pradesh Fiala, 57, heads the three- with Synergy, IndiaPakistan
(AP) Government has party coalition Together war 1971’, a compilation of
Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav signed Bollywood actor (Civic Democratic Party, personal accounts of the
celebrations. AIR stations Sanjay Dutt as the brand Christian Democrats, TOP
will allow youngsters from ambassador and award- 09 party), which garnered
local colleges, universities to winning filmmaker and 27.8% of the vote in early
take part in programming, branding expert Rahul October. Fiala succeeds
allowing them to discuss Mittra as brand advisor Andrej Babis.
and curate youth-centric 7. The International Criminal
shows. Police Organization
2.
India and Bangladesh (INTERPOL) has elected war by veterans from India
have decided to celebrate Inspector General Ahmed and Pakistan. The book is an
December 6, the day on Naser Al-Raisi (United amalgamation of historical
which India formally Arab and anecdotal accounts of
recognized Bangladesh, as of the occasion of their the 1971 War and comprises
golden jubilee celebrations, authors from both India
marking the 50th year of the and Bangladesh. Mostly
naming of the state. Sanjay who fought the war.
Dutt launched a media
11.
A book titled ‘Indian
campaign for the month-
Innings: The Journey of
long celebrations, from 20th
Indian Cricket from 1947’
January to 20th February
Emirates) as its President authored by Ayaz Memon
2022 at the Mechuka valley
for a 4-year term at the 89th released. It is an anthology
of AP’s Shi-Yomi district.
“Maitri Diwas” (Friendship Interpol general assembly of Indian Cricket and
Day). During the visit 5.
The biggest cultural meeting held in Istanbul, marked several insights of
of PM Narendra Modi extravaganza of Nagaland, Turkey. He replaces Kim Indian cricket of the last 70
to Bangladesh in March the Hornbill Festival has Jong Yan from South Korea. years.
2021 to attend the national kicked off with colorful
8. Barbados has become the 12. Indian-origin technology
day of Bangladesh, it was renditions of traditional
World’s newest republic, executive, Parag Agrawal
decided to commemorate 6 music, dances, and
around 400 years after it has been appointed as the
December as Maitri Diwas
became a British colony. new CEO of Twitter after
(Friendship Day). Ten
Barbados is said to have the social media giant’s
days before the liberation
been made a ‘slave society co-founder Jack Dorsey
of Bangladesh, India had
by the British. It first became stepped down. He is now
recognised Bangladesh on 6
an English colony in 1625. the youngest CEO in the
December 1971.
It gained its independence S&P 500 elbowing Meta
3. Nagaland is celebrating its in 1966. Barbados, the Platform Inc. CEO Mark
59th Statehood Day on 1 contemporary in one roof Caribbean Island nation, Zuckerberg. H
December 2021. Nagaland at Naga Heritage village removed Queen Elizabeth II 13.
Sambit Patra has been
was granted statehood on Kisama. It is the 22nd edition as the head of the state. appointed as the chairman of
December 1, 1963, with of the Hornbill festival
9.
The former Finance India Tourism Development
Kohima being declared and will be celebrated in 6
Minister of Sweden, Eva Corporation (ITDC) by the
as its capital. Prior to
Appointments Committee with ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ rocket scientist. West Bengal. The storm,
of the Cabinet. IAS officer, as the theme and to further once developed, will be
20.
World AIDS Day is
G. Kamala Vardhana called Jawad (pronounced
observed across the globe
Jowad), as named by Saudi
on 1st December every
Arabia.
year since 1988. The day
provides an opportunity for 24. The Reserve Bank of India’s
people worldwide to unite (RBI) Monetary Policy
in the fight against Committee (MPC) headed
by Reserve Bank of India
promote the idea of ‘Vocal (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta
Rao will hold the post of for Local’. Das kept the repo rate
managing director of ITDC. unchanged at 4 per cent
17.
India has joined ‘G20
for the ninth consecutive
14. The Border Security Force Troika’ and will work closely
time while maintaining an
(BSF) is celebrating its with Indonesia and Italy to
‘accommodative stance’ as
57th Raising Day on 01 ensure consistency and HIV, to show support for
long as necessary.
December 2021. BSF was continuity of G20’s agenda. people living with HIV and
formed on December 1, Apart from India, Troika to commemorate those who
1965 as a unified central consists of Indonesia and have died from an AIDS-
agency after the Indo-Pak Italy. India will assume G20 related illness. This year the
and India-China wars for Presidency in December theme of World AIDS Day
ensuring the security of 2022 from Indonesia and is End inequalities. End
the borders of India and will convene the G20 AIDS and End Pandemics.
for matters connected Leaders’ Summit for the
21.
World Computer Literacy
therewith. first time in 2023.
Day is observed on 2nd
15. Lionel Messi has won the 18. Economist Intelligence December every year all The Marginal Standing
Ballon d’Or for a seventh Unit’s (EIU) has announced over the world. The day Facility (MSF) rate and bank
time after being named as the Worldwide Cost is celebrated as the world rates remain unchanged:
the best player in 2021 by of Living Index 2021. computer literacy day
France Football. According to the Index, Tel to create awareness and • Policy Repo Rate: 4.00%
Aviv, Israel has become the drive digital literacy in • Reverse Repo Rate: 3.35%
underserved communities
worldwide. • Marginal Standing Facility
Rate: 4.25%
22.
The American publishing
company MerriamWebster • Bank Rate: 4.25%
has chosen the word • CRR: 4%
“vaccine” as its 2021 Word
• SLR: 18.00%
of the Year. Merriam-
most expensive city in the Webster is America’s 25. Indian Shuttler and 2-time
world to live in in 2021, most trusted online Olympic medalist Pusarla
pushing Paris, France and dictionary for English word V Sindhu, world’s number
Messi scored 41 goals Singapore jointly to occupy definitions, meanings, and 7, won the silver at the
and registered 17 assists the second spot with Zurich pronunciation. 2021 Badminton World
in 56 appearances in all and Hong Kong at the fourth Federation(BWF) World
23. The low-pressure area in the
competitions for club and and fifth spots respectively. Tour Finals, officially
Bay of Bengal is expected
country and led Argentina 19. Skyroot Aerospace, a space to intensify into Cyclone
to a long-awaited Copa technology startup based in Jawad which is likely to
America win in the summer. Hyderabad, has successfully reach the north Andhra
16.
Union Commerce and test-fired Dhawan-1, India’s Pradesh, south Odisha
Industry Minister, Piyush first privately developed
Goyal has inaugurated the fully cryogenic rocket
40th edition of the India engine. This will power the
International Trade Fair upper stages of its upcoming
(IITF) 2021 at Pragati Vikram-2 orbital launch
known as the HSBC BWF
Maidan in Delhi. It was vehicle. The rocket engine
World Tour Finals 2021. The
organized by the India Trade Dhawan-1 is named after
coasts and Some parts of reigning world champion
Promotion Organisation Satish Dhawan, an Indian
PV Sindhu has won the Winter Olympics over achieved a new milestone the ceremonial parade held
BWF World Tour finals in human rights concerns. with the launch of the first at the Naval Dockyard,
2018 and became the only The announcement came large survey vessel for Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Indian to achieve the feat. after the White House, the
37.
India successfully test-
Australian government
26. The President of Gambia, fired the air version of the
and the UK government
Adama Barrow, won the BrahMos supersonic cruise
confirmed diplomatic
second term as President missile from the integrated
boycotts of the Winter
during Gambia’s presidential test range of Chandipur,
Games in February to
election by achieving over off the coast of Odisha.
protest Chinese human
53% votes from 50 of 53 the Indian Navy. Called The air version of the
rights abuses. China has
constituencies. He defeated Sandhayak, the vessel is missile was test-fired from
vowed to react with “firm
his main challenger the first in the series of four supersonic fighter aircraft
countermeasures.”
Ousainou Darboe who won ships being built under the Sukhoi 30 MK-I. BrahMos
27.7% of vote. The results of 30. Myanmar’s ousted civilian Survey Vessel Large (SVL) is a joint venture between
the election were declared leader, Aung San Suu Kyi project. It has been built at DRDO (India) and NPO
by Electoral commission was sentenced to four GRSE. Mashinostroyeniya (Russia)
Chairman Alieu Momarr years imprisonment after for the development,
Njai. being found guilty on two 34. The 11th edition of Exercise production, and marketing
charges, the first verdicts in EKUVERIN-21 between of the supersonic cruise
27. The Biden administration India and Maldives, held at
a raft of criminal cases that missile which has been
has announced that US Kadhdhoo Island, Maldives.
the country’s military has inducted into the Indian
officials will not attend Ekuverin means “Friends”
brought against her since Armed Forces.
the 2022 Winter Olympics in the Dhivehi language.
in Beijing after China It is an Indo – Aryan 38.
Assamese poet Nilmani
pledged unspecified language. It is spoken in Phookan Jr won the 56th
“countermeasures” against India, Lakshadweep and Jnanpith Award and
any such diplomatic Maldives. Konkani novelist Damodar
boycott. The US cited that Mauzo won the 57th
“China’s human rights 35.
PANEX-21 is a Jnanpith Award. The
ATROCITIES” is the main seizing power 10 months Humanitarian Assistance
reason for its boycott. The ago. and Disaster Relief Exercise.
US has named the boycott It is to be held for the
31. A new book that unearths BIMSTEC countries. The
as “Diplomatic Boycott”.
true stories of the 1971
28. German lawmakers IndoPak war, ’1971: Charge
officially elected Social of the Gorkhas and Other
Democrat, Olaf Scholz as Stories, written by Rachna country’s highest literary
the new chancellor, putting Bisht Rawat, was released. award, the Jnanpith is
an end to 16 years of The book includes, from the bestowed on writers
conservative rule under story of the flight lieutenant for “their outstanding
who went missing after exercise is to be held among contribution to literature”.
his plane crashed inside the BIMSTEC countries:
39.
The Royal Institute of
Pakistan to the ‘last khukri Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal,
British Architects (RIBA)
attack’ in modern military Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India
has announced that Indian
history. and Thailand.
architect Balkrishna Doshi
32. Paytm Payments Bank has 36.
President of India, Ram will be the recipient of the
Angela Merkel. He will lead been given the scheduled Nath Kovind has presented 2022 Royal Gold Medal.
a government composed of bank status by the Reserve the ‘President’s Standard’
40. Nasa-turned-SpaceX flight
his Social Democrat Party, Bank of India. The bank has to the 22nd Missile Vessel
surgeon, Anil Menon is
the business-friendly Free been included in the Second Squadron of the Indian
among the 10 latest trainee
Democrats and the Greens, Schedule to the Reserve
astronauts who will join the
a coalition of parties never Bank of India Act, 1934
2021 class of the American
tried before at the federal and the approval will help
space agency as it plans for
level in Germany. it to bring more financial
the first human missions to
services and products.
29. Canada will join the United the moon in more than 50
States, the United Kingdom 33. Indian shipbuilder Garden years.
and Australia diplomatic Reach Shipbuilders & Navy, which is also known
41.
Finance Minister(FM) of
boycott of the Beijing Engineers (GRSE) has as the Killer Squadron at
India, Nirmala Sitharaman Reengineering the Future of ongoing Commonwealth has decided that from now
has ranked 37th on the Work’. We i g h t l i f t i n g until 2023, the theme will
Forbes’ list of the World’s Championships 2021. He be: “Advancing Innovation
44.
New Zealand’s Ajaz Patel
100 Most Powerful Women created the national record for Global Aviation
became the third cricketer
2021 or 18th Edition of by lifting 113kg in the men’s Development”.
to scalp all 10 wickets in an
Forbes’ list of the World’s 55kg snatch category.
innings. The left-arm spun a 53. National armed forces day is
100 Most Powerful Women.
web around India’s batting 48.
• Manipur successfully also known as the National
She has been featured on the
defended their Senior flag day of India. The day is
list for the 3rd year in a row.
Women’s National Football
She was ranked 41st on the
Championship crown after
list in 2020 and 34th in 2019.
a dramatic penalty shootout
The 3rd richest woman in
win over Railways in the
the world, MacKenzie Scott,
final at the EMS Stadium in
philanthropist, author and
order and bowled 47.5 Kozhikode, Kerala.
ex-wife of Amazon founder
Jeff Bezos was topped overs, conceding 119 runs. 49. Denmark’s Viktor Axelsen
Forbes’ 2021 World’s 100 New Zealand bundled out and China’s Taipei’s Tai
Most Powerful Women India for 325 on the second Tzu Ying were named every year celebrated and
replacing the outgoing day of the second Test at Male and Female player of observed on 7th December.
German chancellor Angela the Wankhede Stadium, the year 2021 respectively
Merkel who topped the 15 Mumbai. by the Badminton World 54.
The International Day
out of 17 iterations of the Federation (BWF). of Commemoration and
45.
Mercedes driver Lewis Dignity of the Victims of
list. Kamala Harris, the first Hamilton (Britain) won 50. World Soil Day is celebrated the Crime of Genocide and
woman and the first person the inaugural edition of the every year on December of the Prevention of this
of colour(Black) to become Saudi Arabian Grand Prix 5 to raise awareness of the Crime is observed annually
the Vice President of the (GP), by surpassing Max importance of soil quality on December 9.
United States of America Verstappen (Netherlands) for human well-
was ranked 2nd on the list. in the event held at the 55. International Anti-
42. According to Lowy Institute 30-kilometre (18.6-mile) Corruption Day is observed
Asia Power Index 2021, coastal resort area in annually on 9 December
India has ranked 4th most Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. to raise public awareness
powerful country in the for anti-corruption. The
46. The Davis Cup 2021 was day is observed since the
won by the Russian Tennis passage of the United
Federation by a 2-0 lead over Nations Convention
being, food security and
Croatia in the Davis Cup Against Corruption on
ecosystems. World Soil
final in Madrid. Medvedev 31 October 2003. The
Day 2021 (#WorldSoilDay)
defeated Marin Cilic in the theme of International
and its campaign “Halt
soil salinization, boost soil AntiCorruption Day 2021:
Asia-Pacific region for productivity” “Your right, your role: say
comprehensive power no to corruption”
out of 26 countries, with 51. International Volunteer
Day (IVD), also called 56.
Human Rights Day is
an overall score of 37.7
International Volunteer Day celebrated on 10 December
out of 100. India’s overall
for Economic and Social annually across the world.
score declined by 2 points
Development is observed This Day came into
compared to 2020. India second singles match to give on 5 December every year. existence on December 10,
again falls short of the major Russia an insurmountable International Volunteer Day 1948, when the Universal
power threshold in 2021. 2-0 lead over Croatia and Theme 2021: “Volunteer
43.
The 9th edition of India its first Davis Cup title now for our common
Skills Report (ISR) 2022, since 2006. Croatia also was future”.
released by Wheebox, seeking its third title after
Maharashtra has retained triumphs in 2005 and 2018. 52. International Civil Aviation
the top position in the list Andrey Rublev was named Day is celebrated every
of states with the highest the Most Valuable Player. year on December 7 to
poll of employable talent recognize the importance Declaration of Human
47.
Sanket Mahadev Sargar of aviation to the social Rights was adopted by the
followed by Uttar Pradesh won the gold medal in Men’s
and Kerala. The theme of and economic development United Nations. The theme
55 kg snatch category at the of the world. The Council for Human Rights Day 2021
ISR 2022 – ‘Rebuilding and
is “EQUALITY – Reducing an important role in 2021 beating contestants Alliance (ISA) by adopting
inequalities, advancing the development of the from 80 countries, 21 years resolution 76/123. This
human rights.” Covishield vaccine. after India last brought decision has been taken
home the title. While based on the UNGA’s Sixth
57.
and YS Rajasekhara 61. Perseverance, a word that
Paraguay’s Nadia Ferreira, Committee report.
Reddy. • Veteran journalist captures the undaunted will
22, finished second, South
Vinod Dua passed away of people across the world 69.
India assumed the
Africa’s Lalela Mswane, 24,
recently. He was one of the to never give up, despite the Chairmanship of Council
came third.
pioneers in Hindi broadcast many challenges of the last of Regional Anti-Terrorist
journalism, worked with 12 months, is Cambridge 65.
The Sports Journalists’ Structure of Shanghai
Doordarshan to present Dictionary’s Word of the Federation of India (SJFI) Cooperation Organization
Year 2021. has decided to honour (RATS SCO) for 1 year from
former Indian Cricketer October 28, 2021.
62.
India observes December
and cricket commentator
6 as Mahaparinirvan Divas 70.
India has been re-elected
Sunil Manohar Gavaskar
every year to mark the death to International Maritime
with its prestigious ‘SJFI
anniversary of Dr Bhimrao Organisation (IMO)
Medal 2021’ at SJFI Annual
Ramji Ambedkar, who Council for the 2022-2023
General Meeting (AGM) in
fought for the economic biennium under category
Guwahati, Assam.
and social empowerment of
the youth programme Yuva
Dalits in the country. 66.
Australia opener David
Manch in the mid-’70s and
Warner and West Indies
later with several other
allrounder Hayley Matthews
television news channels.
have been voted the ICC
He was an integral part of
Players of the Month
NDTV’s journey as well.
for November. Warner,
His much-loved food show
nominated for the ICC
‘Zaika India Ka’ saw him
Men’s Player of the Month
crisscrossing the whole B states. The Assembly of
award alongside Pakistan’s
country just for the best He was popularly known the International Maritime
Abid Ali and New Zealand’s
taste. as Babasaheb Ambedkar Organization has elected the
Tim Southee, emerged
passed away on December Members of its Council for
58.
World’s oldest Test victorious with the most
6, 1956. The Union the 2022-2023 biennium.
Cricketer, former English votes, following his crucial
legend, Eileen Ash passed government has decided to role in Australia’s triumph 71. The proposal to raise the
away at the age of 110. The celebrate Mahaparinirvan in the ICC Men’s T20 World minimum age of marriage
right-arm seamer made her Divas as part of the major Cup 2021. for women from 18 to 21
debut to the national side commemoration of ‘Azadi was cleared by the Union
67.
Prime Minister Narendra
in 1937 against Australia Ka Amrit Mahotsav. Cabinet. Presently,
Modi has ranked 8th on
and in a career spanning till 63. Ken-Betwa inter-linking the list of the world’s top
1949, she took 10 wickets of rivers project has been 20 most admired men, in a
in the seven matches she approved by the Union survey carried out by data
played. Cabinet, which is chaired analytics company YouGov.
59. Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) by Prime Minister Shri
General Bipin Rawat has Narendra Modi. At 2020-
passed away in a helicopter 21 price levels, the overall the minimum age of
crash near Coonoor in cost of the Ken-Betwa link marriage for men is 21 but
Tamil Nadu. He was among project has been estimated for women, it is 18. The
the 14 people who were on at Rs. 44,605 crore. government will now look
board, including his wife 64. Actor-model Harnaaz PM Modi is ahead of Shah to introduce amendments
and staff members. Thirteen Rukh Khan, Amitabh to the Prohibition of Child
people have succumbed to Bachchan and Virat Kohli. Marriage Act, Special
the crash, including CDS The list has been compiled Marriage Act, and the
Rawat, Madhulika Rawat taking feedback from 42,000 Hindu Marriage Act to
and 11 others. people in 38 countries. bring the plan into action
60.
Serum Institute of India’s 68. The United Nations General 72. The United Arab Emirates
Executive Director Assembly (UNGA) has has announced to change its
Dr Suresh Jadhav has granted Observer Status existing five-day workweek
Sandhu made history as she
passed away. He played to International Solar to a four-and-a-half day
was crowned Miss Universe
starting January 1, becoming of Film Certification indigenously designed honour.
the world’s first country (CBFC), Ravinder Bhakar and developed Helicopter
86. Simone Biles was named
to make the employee- has assumed charge of launched (air-launched)
Time magazine’s 2021
friendly transition as part National Film Development Stand-off Antitank (SANT)
Athlete of the Year. The
of its efforts to improve Corporation (NFDC), Films Missile from the Pokhran
world’s most decorated
productivity and worklife Division, and Children range in Rajasthan.
gymnast, a four-time
balance. Films Society of India
82. Indian Mathematician
(CFSI).
73. Dubai became the world’s Neena Gupta has received
first government to turn 78.
French fashion house the 2021 DST-ICTP-IMU
100% paperless, the Chanel named Leena Nair, Ramanujan Prize for Young
announcement was an executive from Unilever, Mathematicians from
as its new global CEO. Nair’s Developing Countries for
career at Unilever spanned her outstanding work in
30 years, most recently affine algebraic geometry Olympic medalist, was
as the chief of human and commutative algebra. hailed for putting her
resources and a member of mental health first when
83.
Azim Premji, founder she withdrew from four
the executive committee.
chairman of Wipro Limited event finals at the Tokyo
made by the United Arab 79.
Defence Research and and founder of Azim Olympics.
Emirate (UAE) Crown Development Organisation Premji Foundation is this
(DRDO) has successfully year’s recipient of the 10th 87. As per the Global Health
Prince, Sheikh Hamdan bin Security (GHS) Index
Mohammed bin Rashid Al test-fired Pinaka Extended annual Dr Ida S. Scudder
Range (Pinaka-ER), Area Humanitarian Oration, 2021, the world’s average
Maktoum. overall GHS Index score
74. China successfully launched was reduced to 38.9 (out of
a new group of satellites 100) in 2021, from a score
Shijian-6 05 into space from of 40.2 in the GHS Index,
the Jiuquan Satellite Launch 2019. India ranked 66 out
Center in northwest China of 195 countries with an
for space exploration and overall Index score of 42.8
new technology tests. The Denial Munitions (ADM), and along with a change of
satellites were launched by and indigenously developed -0.8 from 2019. The United
a Long March-4B rocket fuzes. The test was jointly established by States of America (USA)
which marked the 400th conducted at Integrated Test Christian Medical College ranked 1st on the index
mission of Long March Range (ITR), Chandipur off Vellore (CMC) and the with a score of 75.9 followed
series carrier rockets. the Odisha coast. U.S.- based Vellore CMC by Australia and Finland.
Foundation. The award is
75.
Former union minister 80.
Defence Minister Rajnath presented to Mr Premji 88. NASA’s Parker Solar Probe
and Lok Sabha Member Singh has inaugurated in recognition of his has entered the Sun’s upper
of Parliament Dr. Shashi Swarnim Vijay Parv contributions to society. atmosphere for, first time in
Tharoor‘s 23rd book titled commemorating 50 years of history. In 2018, launched
‘Pride, Prejudice and India’s victory in the 1971 84.
The prestigious TIME the Parker Solar Probe aims
Punditry’ was launched in war. He inaugurates ‘Wall of magazine has named Elon
Hyderabad, Telangana. Fame -1971 Indo-Pak War’ Musk, the CEO of Tesla,
at the inaugural ceremony. as the “2021 Person of the
76. UN Secretary-General Year. In 2021, US-based
Antonio Guterres has 81.
Defence Research and electric-vehicle startup
appointed Catherine Development Organisation Tesla became $1 trillion
(DRDO) and Indian Air company as Musk became
the world’s richest person to unravel the mysteries of
with an estimated net worth the Sun by travelling closer
of around US $255 billion. to it. After three years of
launching, Parker has
85.
Bhutan has honoured finally arrived in the solar
PM Modi with its highest atmosphere.
Russell as the head of UN civilian award, Ngadag Pel
children’s agency UNICEF, gi Khorlo. Bhutan’s Prime 89. Red Bull’s Max Verstappen
also known as the United Minister Lotay Tshering won his maiden F1 Drivers’
Nations Children’s Fund. Force (IAF) successfully has announced PM Modi’s championship title by
flight-tested the name for Bhutan’s highest beating Lewis Hamilton of
77.
CEO of Central Board
Mercedes in the season- Day is observed every edition of the SAFF U-19
ending Abu Dhabi GP 2021. year on December 15 in Women’s Championship.
countries like Bangladesh,
90.
The International Boxing 100. In India, Good
Sri Lanka, Nepal, Vietnam,
Association has changed its Governance Day (Sushasan
Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi,
acronym from AIBA to IBA, Divas) is observed annually
Malaysia, Uganda, India,
on 25th December. In this
and Tanzania.
day nation celebrates the
94. Every year, December 18 is birth anniversary of Bharat
observed as the Minorities India’s first Gold medal in Ratna and former-
Rights Day to uphold the Shooting at the 2020 Tokyo
right to freedom and equal Paralympics, won the “Best
opportunities for the ethnic Female Debut” honour at
minorities in India and the 2021 Paralympic Sport
promising to adopt a set of create awareness about the Awards.
governance reforms so as to respect and dignity of the 98. India is among the world’s
keep the sport’s inclusion at minorities. top three dope violators Prime Minister Atal Bihari
the 2028 Olympics.
95. UNESCO has added Durga country in the world. Indian Vajpayee. Good Governance
91.
Sports Minister Anurag Puja in Kolkata to its 2021 athletes were involved Day was established in 2014
Singh Thakur formally list of Intangible Cultural 152 times in dope-related to honour Prime Minister
inaugurated the first-ever Heritage, giving activities in the year 2019. Vajpayee by fostering
national-level Khelo India awareness among the Indian
Women’s Hockey League people of accountability in
at Major Dhyan Chand government.
National Stadium in New
Delhi. The winner of the
Khelo India Women’s
Hockey League will get a
cash prize of 30 lakhs. international recognition to
the biggest religious festival
92.
International Day of The report has revealed
of the 331-year-old city and
Neutrality is a United the latest report published
the state of West Bengal.
Nations recognized day held by the World Anti-Doping
on December 12 each year 96.
On the occasion of Goa Agency (Wada), which
to raise public awareness Liberation Day, Prime has put India into the top-
Minister Narendra Modi three of the world’s biggest
has inaugurated and laid the violators behind Russia
foundation stone of several (167) and Italy (157). Brazil
development projects worth (78) is at fourth and Iran
(70) fifth positions
99.
Bangladesh women team
has won the SAFF U 19
of the value of neutrality Women’s Championship
in international relations. by defeating India in the
It was officially declared by finals. Shaheda Akter Ripa
a UN General Assembly of Bangladesh scored the
resolution adopted in over 650 crores rupees in
February 2017 and first Goa. He felicitated freedom
observed on December 12, fighters and veterans of
2017. ‘Operation Vijay’ at the
function. He appreciated
93.
Every year on the 14th Chief Minister Pramod
of December, National Sawant for keeping the pace
Energy Conservation day of development up in the maximum number of
is celebrated in India. state. goals in the tournament.
This occasion has been She received the ‘most
celebrated since 1991 when 97.
Indian shooter Avani
valuable player’ award. The
is led by the Ministry of Lekhara, who has created
2021 SAFF U-19 Women’s
power. International Tea history by winning
Championship was the 2nd
Legal Current Affairs

1. The Lok Sabha has passed Sundresh, has referred Preamble “EQUALITY of additional quantum of
the Assisted Reproductive a case, in which the status and of opportunity” pension or family pension
Technology (Regulation) CBI (Central Bureau of to “EQUALITY of status on attaining a certain age.
Bill, 2021. The Government Investigation) had filed an and of opportunity to The Bill clarifies that the
had been working on the affidavit on the withdrawal increase in pension of
bill to regulate the ART of ‘general consent’ to the retired judges which come
CBI by several States, for after attaining a certain age
consideration of the Chief shall be implemented from
Justice of India. Eight States the first day of the month in
have withdrawn consent which they complete the age
to the CBI for launching specified and not from the
investigations in their first day of his entering the
territory. The Eight States are age specified.
West Bengal, Maharashtra, be born, to be fed, to be
(Source: https://www.
Kerala, Punjab, Rajasthan, educated, to get a job and
livelaw.in/top-stories/high-
industry since 2008 when Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh to be treated with dignity”.
court-and-supreme-court-
it was first drafted by the and Mizoram have It further seeks to replace
judges-pension-salaries-
Indian Council of Medical withdrawn consent to the word “socialist” with
and-conditions-of-service-
Research (ICMR). The the CBI for launching “equitable”, and introducing
amendment-187209)
ART Bill defines ART as investigations in their “happiness, assuring a high
“all techniques that attempt territory. Further, According gross domestic happiness”
to obtain a pregnancy by to Section 6 of the Delhi in the Preamble.
5. The Chief Justice of India
handling the sperm or the Special Police Establishment
(Source: https://www. NV Ramana proposed
oocyte outside the human Act of 1946 under which
thehindu.com/news/ creation of a National
body and transferring the the CBI functions, the
national/parliament- Judicial Infrastructure
gamete or the embryo into State’s consent is required
proceedings-live/ Authority of India (NJIAI).
the reproductive system of a to extend CBI investigation
article37818090.ece) The proposed NJIAI could
woman.” It seeks to regulate beyond Union Territories.
work as a central agency with
and supervise Assisted
each State having its own
Reproductive Technology
4.
The High Court and
(ART) clinics and ART
Supreme Court Judges
banks, prevent misuse,
(Salaries and Conditions
adopt safe and ethical
of Service) Amendment
practice and so on. It further
Bill, 2021 was introduced
seeks stringent punishment
in Lok Sabha. The Bill
for those practicing sex
(Source: https:// seeks to amend the High
selection, sale of human
indianexpress.com/ Court Judges (Salaries and
embryos or gametes, or
article/explained/sc-state- Conditions of Service) Act,
found running agencies,
government-consent-cbi-
rackets and organisations
investigation-7617317/) State Judicial Infrastructure
for such practices in
Authority. NJIAI will take
violation of the law.
control of the budgeting and
(Source: https://www. 3.
Rajya Sabha reserved infrastructure development
thehindu.com/news/ its decision to allow the of subordinate courts in
national/bills-on-assisted- introduction of a Private the country. The proposed
reproductive-technology- Member’s Bill to amend NJIAI should be placed
surrogacy-passed/ the Preamble to the 1954, and the Supreme under the Supreme Court
article37904427.ece) Constitution. Former Court Judges (Salaries and of India unlike NALSA
minister of state for Tourism Conditions of Service) which is serviced by the
KJ Alphons introduced this Act, 1958. It seeks to bring Ministry of Law and Justice.
2. A Supreme Court division private member’s bill in the clarity on when Supreme It will not suggest any major
bench of Justices Sanjay Rajya Sabha. The Bill seeks Court and High Court policy change but will give
Kishan Kaul and MM to change the words in the judges are entitled to an complete freedom to HCs
to come up with projects dams. Psychotropic Substances Act, 1998 which established
to strengthen ground-level (Amendment) Bill-2021 the National Institute of
(Source: https://
courts. In the NJIAI there was passed by Lok Sabha Pharmaceutical Education
w w w. t h e h i n d u . c o m /
could be a few High Court earlier. The bill will amend and Research at Mohali
news/national/rajya-
judges as members, and the Narcotic Drugs and in Punjab and declared it
sabha-passes-dam-
some central government Psychotropic Substances an institution of national
s a f e t y - b i l l - a f t e r- f o u r-
officials because the centre Act, 1985. The Act regulates importance. It further It
hour-discussion/
must also know where the certain operations - such seeks to accord the status
article37815143.ece)
funds are being utilised. of ‘institute of national
importance’ to six more
(Source: https://
institutes of pharmaceutical
economictimes.indiatimes. 7.
The Government of
education and research
com/news/india/cji-n-v- Karnataka has informed
institutes – NIPERs –
ramana-sends-proposal- the Center government
situated in Ahmedabad,
to-set-up-national- that the state is opposed
Hajipur, Hyderabad,
judicial-infrastructure- to the Kasturirangan
Kolkata, Guwahati and
authority-of-india/ Committee report on
as manufacture, transport Raebareli. Moreover,
articleshow/88077036.cms) Western Ghats. The
and consumption - related The NIPERs would be
Kasturirangan committee
to narcotic drugs and governed on the lines of
report has proposed 37%
psychotropic substances. the IITs. NIPERs will help
6. The Parliament has cleared
Under the Act, financing in research that could bring
the Dam Safety Bill, 2019
certain illicit activities such more patents for India,
for surveillance, inspection,
as cultivating cannabis, which in turn, would mean
operation and maintenance
manufacturing narcotic the nation can produce
of all specified dams across
drugs or harbouring high-cost pharmaceuticals.
the country. The legislation
persons engaged in them is
provides for surveillance, (Source: https://
an offence. The bill would
inspection, operation and indianexpress.com/article/
replace an ordinance
india/parliament-niper-
promulgated earlier this
of the total area of Western bill-passed-7665005/)
year (2021) to correct a
Ghats to be declared as Eco-
drafting error in a 2014
Sensitive Area (ESA). The
amendment to the Act.
Karnataka’s Government 10. The Indian Leadership
is of the opinion that (Source: https:// Forum Against Trafficking
declaring Western Ghats economictimes. (ILFAT) has written to
as ESA would adversely i n d i at i m e s . c om / n e w s / the Ministry of Women
maintenance of the specified affect the livelihood of india/parliament-passes-
dams for the prevention people in the region. The ndps-amendment-bi l l/
of dam failure-related Karnataka Government articleshow/88393802.cms)
disasters. As per Jal Shakti rejected the report saying
Minister Gajendra Singh that Kasturirangan report
Shekhawat, the legislation has been prepared based on 9. Rajya Sabha has passed
will create a National Dam the satellite images, but the the National Institute of
Safety Authority (NDSA) ground reality is different. Pharmaceutical Education
and the system will have and Research(NIPER) and Child Development
(Source: https://
the power to impose Amendment Bill, 2021. It identifying gaps in the
indianexpress.com/
penalties. The proposed Trafficking in Persons
article/cities/bangalore/
legislation also envisages (Prevention, Care and
karnataka-kasturirangan-
constituting a State Dam Rehabilitation) draft Bill
report-western-ghats-cm-
Safety Organisation whose 2021, which is expected
centre-7656530/)
functions will be to keep to be tabled in the Winter
perpetual surveillance, session of Parliament.
inspection, monitoring the While the Bill provides
8. The Parliament has passed
operation and maintenance rehabilitation to the
the Narcotic Drugs and
of dams, keeping a survivors, it does not extend
Psychotropic Substances
database of all dams, and seeks to amend the National the relief beyond shelter
Act, with Rajya Sabha
recommending safety Institute of Pharmaceutical homes. The Bill seemed
giving its nod. The
measures to owners of Education and Research to combine sex work and
Narcotics Drugs and
migration with trafficking. respect to t he area falling html) from the internet, search,
The Bill was criticised in Rajasthan and Gujarat databases, websites or any
for addressing trafficking contains a large proportion other public platforms, once
through a criminal law of the country’s total solar 13. The Biological Diversity the personal information
perspective instead of and wind energy potential. (Amendment) Bill, 2021 in question is no longer
complementing it with a Laying power lines was tabled in the Parliament. necessary, or relevant. The
human-rights based and underground will escalate The amendments seek RTBF gained importance
victim-centred approach. the cost of renewable energy to decriminalise certain after the 2014 decision of
It was also criticised for production and hurt India’s provisions and bring more
promoting “rescue raids” renewable energy cause. foreign investments in the
by the police as well as chain of biological resources,
(Source: https://
institutionalisation of including research, patent
indianexpress.com/
victims in the name of and commercial utilisation,
article/india/great-
rehabilitation.
indian-bustard-habitat-
(Source: https:// govt-urges-sc-to-modify-
indianexpress.com/article/ order-on-underground-
the Court of Justice of the
india/human-trafficking- cables-7671557/)
European Union (“CJEU”)
sur vivors-gaps-draft-
in the Google Spain case.
bill-community-based-
In the Indian context,
rehab-7652974/) 12. The Ladakh MP Jamyang
the Supreme Court in
Tsering Namgyal has raised
without compromising the Puttaswamy v. Union of
a demand in the Parliament
national interest. However, India, 2017 noted that the
11. The Centre has approached to include the Union
opposition parties have RTBF was a part of the
the Supreme Court Territory (UT) of Ladakh
cited concerns over the bill broader right of privacy.
seeking modification of in the Sixth Schedule of the
and it is being referred to The RTBF emerges from
its order directing that Constitution to safeguard
a select committee. They the right to privacy under
all transmission cables in land, employment, and
demanded the bill to be Article 21 and partly from
the habitat of the Great
referred to the Parliament the right to dignity under
Indian Bustard (GIB) be
standing committee. The bill Article 21.
laid underground. Earlier
looks to relax certain rules
this year (2021), in a bid (Source: https://
in the Biological Diversity
to check the dwindling indianexpress.com/
Act, 2002. Further, it seeks
numbers of the endangered article/india/right-to-be-
to give a fillip to “Indian
Great Indian Bustard and forgotten-right-to-privacy-
system of medicine”, and
Lesser Florican, a Supreme cultural identity of the local centre-delhi-hc-7676846/)
facilitate fast-tracking of
population. It is estimated
research, patent application
that more than 90% of
process, transfer of research
Ladakh’s population is
results while utilising
tribal. The Ladakh region
the biological resources
has several distinct cultural
available in India.
heritages by communities
such as Drokpa, Balti (Source: https://
and Changpa, among journalsofindia.com/
others, which needs to be biological-diversity-
preserved and promoted. amendment-bill-2021/)
The Inclusion in the sixth
schedule will help in
democratic devolution 14. The Union Government
of powers in the region informed the Delhi High
and will also enhance the Court that the international
Court bench directed that transfer of funds for speedy legal concept of the Right
overhead power lines be development of the region. to Be Forgotten is evolving
laid underground, wherever in India and it comes
(Source: https://www.
feasible, passing along under the Right to Privacy.
indiatimes.com/
the habitat of the birds in It is the right to have
explainers/news/
Rajasthan and Gujarat. The publicly available personal
explained-what-is-the-
Centre’s concerns are with information removed
sixth-schedule-557148.
ARTICLES YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO MISS

CLAIM OF JUVENILITY CAN BE RAISED
BEFORE ANY COURT, AT ANY STAGE, EVEN
AFTER FINAL DISPOSAL OF THE CASE:
SUPREME COURT REITERATES
The Delhi High Court has meaning, we hold, that as a The development came of conviction by agreeing that
observed that any physical matter of law, any physical while the Court was dealing both convicts were guilty of
act answering to all the act answering to all the above with two appeals arising out the offence under sec. 377 read
ingredients below committed ingredients, committed upon of a common judgment of with section 34 IPC; however
upon a minor is per-se ‘carnal a minor is per-se ‘carnal conviction and the sentencing it said that the conclusion as
intercourse against the order intercourse against the order of order in connection with a case regards the offence under sec.
of nature’ appearing in section nature’.” wherein sexual offences were 376(2)(g) IPC as arrived upon
377 of IPC: committed against a minor. by the trial court was flawed.
The allegation was that the
i. it must have to do with flesh prosecutrix’s father, one of the Accordingly, the conviction
and sensuality, namely it must The Court also observed order and sentencing order
convicts, and his friend Kamal,
be carnal; that to sexually violate an regarding the offence under
the other convict, committed
innocent child is an abhorrent section 377 read with section
offences punishable under
ii. there must be intercourse act; however, when the same 34 IPC were upheld and
sec. 376(2)(g) and 377 of IPC
between individuals, without happens within the “filial modified.
during the period of May to
restricting it only to human-to- father-daughter relationship”
July 2012. “For our purposes in the
human intercourse; of which purity of affection
is a sine-qua-non, the act Accepting the statement made present case, we need only
iii. it must involve penetration observe that the expanded
other than penile-vaginal definition of rape as contained
penetration, since by the very in amended section 375 with
nature, intent and purpose retrospective effect from
of section 377, it must refer 03.02.2013, did not exist on
to an unnatural act, such the statute book at the time of
as ‘penile-anal penetration’, commission of the offence by
‘digital penetration’ or ‘object the appellants i.e. on or before
penetration’. 22.07.2012; and there is neither
any allegation nor has anything
come forth in evidence to
The Bench of Justice Siddharth show that the appellants
Mridul and Justice Anup J committed any penetrative
Bhambhani observed thus: sexual intercourse with the
descends to a different depth of by the prosecutrix under prosecutrix. Accordingly,
“Subject to the requirement depravity. in our view, the finding of
sec. 164 of CrPC as well her
of the above ingredients, we the learned trial court that
deposition in court, the High
however completely agree “Without at all appearing to the appellants are guilty of
Court reiterated that a court
that attempting to define the be Biblical, crime in society is the offence under section
must not get swayed by minor
phrase ‘carnal intercourse one thing; but crime within the 376(2)(g) is untenable; and
contradictions or insignificant
against the order of nature’ closest confines of the family, is accordingly set-aside,” the
discrepancies in the statement
with exactitude is neither adds to it the element of sin. Court said.
of the prosecutrix, which are
possible, and perhaps not even Such acts must be dealt, with
not fatal, to throw-out an The Court also touched upon
desirable. Accordingly, though the requisite level of severity,”
otherwise reliable prosecution the meaning of the phrase
we hesitate to give the phrase the Court added.
case. ‘carnal intercourse against
‘carnal intercourse against the
order of nature’ any exhaustive The Court upheld the order the order of nature’ under
sec. 377 of IPC. Accordingly,
Bhopal Bhopal
+91-7676564400
+91-7676564400
Indore Indore
+91-9589613810,
+91-9589613810,
+91-731-4987379
+91-731-4987379
Prayagraj
Prayagraj
+91-8114000926,
+91-8114000926,
+91-8114000927
+91-8114000927
KanpurKanpur
+91-8576066660,
+91-8576066660,
+91-8707605589
+91-8707605589
E: support@toprankers.com
E: support@toprankers.com
Gurugram
Gurugram
+91-8448444207 Delhi +91-9810610466
+91-8448444207 Delhi +91-9810610466
Ranchi Ranchi
+91-9334969993
+91-9334969993
LucknowLucknow
+91-6390576666
+91-6390576666
Jabalpur
Jabalpur
+91-7004386936
+91-7004386936 W: www.toprankers.com
W: www.toprankers.com
the Court concluded the interpretation given by the requirement of ‘penetration’, With the said observations, the
following after going through Hon’ble Supreme Court to for an act to amount to appeals were dismissed.
the jurisprudence of the said the phrase ‘sexual intercourse’ sexual intercourse. A similar
provision: in Sakshi (supra), which is explanation appearing in Case Title: KAMAL v. State
heterosexual intercourse section 377 makes ‘penetration’
- Though the restrictive (Source: https://www.
involving penetration of the a necessary ingredient of the
meaning of the phrase ‘sexual livelaw.in/top-stories/
vagina by the penis. offence of ‘carnal intercourse’
intercourse’ will not deter the supreme-court-claim-of-
as well. The offence under
court from interpreting the - This interpretation turns juvenility-can-be-raised-at-
section 377 would therefore
phrase ‘carnal intercourse’ inter-alia on the explanation any-stage-before-any-court-
arise when there is ‘penetrative
in its fullest ambit, we appended to section section-7a-jj-act-186820)
intercourse’ which is ‘against
must be guided by the legal 375, which points to the the order of nature’.
‘RIGHT TO DIGNITY A FUNDAMENTAL

RIGHT’ : SUPREME COURT DIRECTS
ISSUANCE OF RATION CARDS, VOTER IDS
TO SEX WORKERS
The Supreme Court on The State Governments/ continue the distribution of Samanwaya Committee
Tuesday directed the State Union Territories and other dry rations to sex workers
Governments and Union authorities are directed to without insisting on ration The directions were issued
Territories to commence the commence the process of cards and other proof of while the bench was hearing
process of issuance of ration issuance of ration cards/ Voters residence and profession by an application filed by Durbar
cards/ Voters Identity cards Identity cards immediately to following the procedure. Mahila Samanwaya Committee
immediately to sex workers sex workers from the list that is seeking direction to the
from the list that is maintained maintained by NACO.” authorities to provide monthly
by NACO. dry rations and cash transfer
The bench also granted the Directions were also issued to sex workers who were
The bench of Justices LN Rao, authorities the liberty to take to the States and UT’s to file struggling to survive during
BR Gavai and BV Nagarathna the pandemic. The applicant
found that its directions to had averred that sex workers
provide sex workers almost a were deprived of dry rations
decade back were not complied on the ground that they were
with. Accordingly in its order unable to produce proof of
the bench noted, identity.
“As this Court has directed

the State Governments and
the Union Territories to issue In this regard, the Top
ration cards and identity Court had directed State
cards to sex workers almost a Governments and Union
decade back, there is no reason Territories to provide dry
as to why such direction has rations to sex workers who are
not been implemented till a status report relating to identified by the National Aids
the assistance of State AIDS
now. Right to dignity is a the issuance of ration cards Control Organisation without
Control Societies who were
Fundamental Right that is and Voters Identity cards insisting on proof of identity.
directed to prepare a list of
guaranteed to every citizen and Aadhar Card shall be The District Legal Services
sex workers after verifying
of this country irrespective filed within a period of four Authorities were also directed
the information provided to
of his/her vocation. There weeks from the date of order to assist the distribution of dry
them by Community Based
is a bounden duty cast on and keep the name of the sex ration to sex workers without
Organisations.
the government to provide workers confidential. insisting on proof of identity.
basic amenities to the It further directed the States On October 28, 2020 it had
citizens of this country. and Union Territories to Application By Durbar Mahila asked the State Governments
Bhopal
Bhopal +91-7676564400
+91-7676564400 Indore
Indore +91-9589613810,
+91-9589613810,+91-731-4987379
+91-731-4987379 Prayagraj
Prayagraj +91-8114000926,
+91-8114000926,+91-8114000927
+91-8114000927 Kanpur
Kanpur +91-8576066660,
+91-8576066660,+91-8707605589
+91-8707605589 E:E:support@toprankers.com
support@toprankers.com
Gurugram
Gurugram+91-8448444207
+91-8448444207 Delhi
Delhi +91-9810610466
+91-9810610466 Ranchi
Ranchi +91-9334969993
+91-9334969993 Lucknow
Lucknow +91-6390576666
+91-6390576666 Jabalpur
Jabalpur +91-7004386936
+91-7004386936 W:
W:www.toprankers.com
www.toprankers.com
not to associate police 24,579 sex workers registered trafficking so as to include legal status of the sex workers
authorities in the distribution with NACO were not willing sex workers who sought through official documents
of dry rations to the sex to avail the benefits of the rehabilitation. such as Voters Identity Card,
workers and on September schemes and thus submitted Ration Card, Pan card etc
29, 2020, it had directed the that the matter needed to be (d) to facilitate sex workers
State Governments and Union enquired into. access to Voter Identity cards, • Sex worker who
Territories to uniformly ration cards, the opening of is a citizen of this country
distribute the minimum Background bank accounts etc. relaxing should not be denied a
quantity of dry rations as the rules on verification of voter identification card
On July 19, 2011, had residential addresses and Admission of their children
provided in the schemes appointed a Committee to
formulated either by them or to government recognized
advise on issues relating to (e) to provide a range of schools along with the benefits
by the Central Government. the prevention of trafficking, facilities including crèche, of Ujjawala scheme of the
Submission Of Counsels rehabilitation of sex workers daycare centres and night care Central Government to be
who wish to quit sex work and centres for children of sex extended to the sex workers
Senior Advocate Anand Grover the conditions conducive for workers and protecting their
appearing for the applicant had sex workers to live with dignity Right to Education. The panel had also suggested
submitted that the Top Court’s in accordance with Article 21 for state Governments and
directions were not being of the Constitution of India. Considering that the local authorities to issue
implemented. Referring to recommendations of the ration cards to sex workers
the affidavits filed by the State It further said that based on Committee were placed on by relaxing the rigours of
Governments, he submitted the interim reports filed by the record on September 14, existing rules as to verification
that issuance of ration cards Committee, the Top Court had 2016 and that the Committee of address without reference
to all the sex workers on the passed various orders issuing recommended amendments to their profession. On
basis of their identification by directions to the Central in the Immoral Traffic September 15, 2011, the Court
NACO and Community Based Government and the State (Prevention) Act, 1956, the had directed the Central
Organizations would provide a Governments to: bench said that, “We have been Government and the State
solution to the problem. informed that the amendments Governments to implement
(a) seek concrete information that were suggested by the suggestions made by the
Senior Advocate Jayant from the States about whether the Committee are under Committee in relation to
Bhushan, Amicus Curiae sex workers have been offered active consideration for a issuance of ration cards and
assisted by Advocate Piyush alternative livelihood, if they comprehensive law to be made voter identity cards.
Kanti Roy had referred to some intended rehabilitation. by the Parliament.”
affidavits filed by the State Case Title: Budhadev
(b) All State Legal Services Recommendations Made By
Governments and submitted Karmaskar v State of West
Authorities were directed to The Committee
that the Top Court’s directions Bengal| Criminal Appeal
set up a helpline number for
were not being implemented. No(s).135/2010
sex workers in order to provide The Committee had submitted
It was also his contention that them with free legal assistance. an interim report on
dry ration was distributed for Citation : LL 2021 SC 745
September 12, 2011 in which
a few months and thereafter (c) Directions to the Central some of the recommendations (Source: https://www.livelaw.
stopped. He also referred to Government to broaden were: in/top-stories/supreme-court-
the affidavit filed by the State the scope of their schemes sex-workers-ration-cards-
of Gujarat to submit that meant for rescued victims of • Recognition of the voter-ids-187770)
12,291 sex workers out of the
EX-PARTE ENHANCEMENT OF SENTENCE

ILLEGAL; HC MUST APPOINT AMICUS
CURIAE IF ACCUSED IS NOT REPRESENTED :
SUPREME COURT
The Supreme Court of statutory mandate of the law sentence in criminal revision. Trivedi set aside Madras High
India has held that ex parte under CrPC that provides Court’s order that enhanced
enhancement of sentence by for an opportunity to show A Bench compromising Justice the sentences imposed on the
the High Court is against the case before enhancement of Sanjiv Khanna and Justice Bela appellants without any legal
representation on his behalf not have the benefit of the showing cause, the Bench set imposed on the appellants for
and without appointing an arguments on behalf of the aside High Court’s order dated offences under Sections 341,
Amicus Curiae in the case appellant accused, the Bench 24.10.2018 and remanded the 294(b), 506(ii) and 447 of the
observed that the High Court matter back to the High Court Indian Penal Code.
“It appears the ex parte was wrong in not appointing to decide the revision petition
enhancement of sentence is an Amicus Curiae. afresh. The impugned order was
against the statutory mandate passed in a criminal revision
of the law as delineated in the petition by the victim against
conjoint reading of Section the judgment and order of
401(1) and first proviso to The Bench observed that in With regard to High Court’s sentence passed by the Court
Section 386 of the Code of of Principal Sessions Judge,
Criminal Procedure, 1973. Vellore District dated 4th
These sections adumbrate December 2006.
an opportunity of showing
cause before enhancement of When the revision petition
sentence in criminal revision”, came up for hearing after
the Bench said. almost five years on 24th
October 2018, the impugned
It may be noted that Section order was passed mentioning
401 of CrPC which provides that the notice had been served
for High Court’s power of to the appellants and their
revision states that no order names had been printed in
under the section can be made the cause list but there was no
to the prejudice of the accused representation on their behalf.
or other person unless he has
had an opportunity of being case of no legal representation observation that notice had Case Title: Krishnan &
heard either personally or by on behalf of the accused the been served to appellants, the Anr vs State By Deputy
pleader in his own defence. High court ought to have Bench observed that there is Superintendent Of Police &
appointed an Amicus Curiae lack of clarity on when the Anr
The Proviso to Section 386 in the absence of counsel as notice was actually served and
which deals with Powers of Citation : LL 2021 SC 707
observed by the Supreme whether the appellants were
appellate court states that the Court in the case of Parveen v. informed that the criminal (Source: https://www.
sentence shall not be enhanced State of Haryana. revision will be taken up for livelaw.in/top-stories/
unless the accused has had an final hearing. supreme-court-ex-parte-
opportunity of showing cause Referring to its judgement enhancement-of-sentence-by-
against such enhancement. in the case of Govind Ramji The present special leave high-court-criminal-revision-
Jadhav v. State of Maharashtra petition was filed challenging legal-representation-amicus-
In the present matter, where which mandates that the High the Madras High Court’s
only the petitioner and State curiae-186913)
Court should give the accused order in a criminal revision
were heard and the Court did a reasonable opportunity of enhancing the sentences
RIGHT AGAINST SEXUAL HARASSMENT

PART OF RIGHT TO LIFE & DIGNITY UNDER
ARTICLE 21 : SUPREME COURT
The Supreme Court on Friday sexual harassment complaints aid of aggrieved persons which is vested in all persons
observed that the right against on “hyper-technical” grounds. if proceedings inquiring as a part of their right to life
sexual harassment is vested into sexual misconduct and right to dignity under
in all persons as a part of The Court highlighted that the are invalidated on ‘hyper- Article 21 of the Constitution”.
their right to life and right to Sexual Harassment of Women technical’ interpretations of the
dignity under Article 21 of at Workplace(Prevention, applicable service rules. A Bench comprising Justices
the Constitution. The Court Prohibition, and Redressal) D.Y Chandrachud and A.S
stressed that it is important Act, 2013 which is a “It is important that courts Bopanna further cautioned
that that the spirit of this right transformative legislation uphold the spirit of the right against the ‘rising trend’
is upheld instead of rejecting will fail to come to the against sexual harassment, of appellate mechanisms
relating to inquiry into sexual regulations governing and had failed to appreciate
harassment turning into a the prevention of sexual the provisions of the BSF Act,
‘punishment’ of sorts for The Court made these harassment at the workplace 1968 and BSF Rules, 1969,
aggrieved persons. observations while deciding in a manner that metes out which make any disgraceful
a case related to allegations procedural and substantive conduct of a cruel, indecent or
“We would also like to of sexual conduct against a justice to all the parties. unnatural kind, a punishable
highlight a rising trend of head constable of the Border offence.
invalidation of proceedings Security Force(BSF). The Calcutta High Court
inquiring into sexual had quashed disciplinary The Union of India and the
misconduct, on hyper- In the instant case, the proceedings against the BSF approached the Supreme
technical interpretations of complainant, a constable at the respondent and had reinstated Court challenging the High
the applicable service rules. Border Security Force(BSF) him to his initial position in Court’s judgment quashing
For instance, the Sexual had lodged a complaint against the Border Security Force the disciplinary proceedings
Harassment of Women at the respondent who was the (BSF). Terming such an order against the complainant.
Workplace (Prevention, head constable – his superior. as ‘callous’, the Bench further
Prohibition, and Redressal) The Court observed that the observed, The accused on conviction
Act 2013 penalizes several alleged discrepancy regarding by a Security Force Court is
misconducts of a sexual the date of occurrence was of “The High Court, in this liable to suffer imprisonment
nature and imposes a a minor nature since the event case, was not only incorrect for a term which may extend
mandate on all public and occurred soon after midnight in its interpretation of to seven years or such less
private organizations to and on the next day. the jurisdiction of the punishment. However, while
create adequate mechanisms
for redressal. However, the
existence of transformative
legislation may not come to
the aid of persons aggrieved
of sexual harassment if the
appellate mechanisms turn the
process into a punishment.”
The Bench further underscored

that it is important that Courts
uphold the spirit of the right
against sexual harassment,
which is vested in all persons
as a part of their right to life
and right to dignity under “Deeming such a trivial Commandant and the dealing with the respondent’s
Article 21 of the Constitution. aspect to be of monumental obligation of the SSFC to statutory petition under
Enumerating further on the relevance, while invalidating furnish reasons under the Section 117, the Director-
need to be mindful of power the entirety of the disciplinary BSF Act 1968 and Rules General of BSF had reduced
dynamics that are mired in proceedings against the therein, but also demonstrated the quantum of sentence. He
cases of sexual harassment at respondent and reinstating a callous attitude to the was empowered to do so in
workplace, the Bench further him to his position renders gravamen of the proceedings” accordance with the provisions
observed, the complainant’s remedy at of Section 48 of the BSF Act
nought. The history of legal Factual Background 1968.
“It is also important to proceedings such as these is a
be mindful of the power major factor that contributes On May 2, 2006, the The Court held that the
dynamics that are mired in to the deterrence that civil and complainant had accused the charge against the respondent
sexual harassment at the criminal mechanisms pose to respondent of committing was fully substantiated by
workplace. There are several persons aggrieved of sexual sodomy thus resulting in the the evidence on record and
considerations and deterrents harassment”, the Bench further conduct of an enquiry against accordingly observed,
that a subordinate aggrieved of observed. him. It was argued that both
sexual harassment has to face the Single Judge and the “The appeal is accordingly
when they consider reporting Accordingly, the Bench Division bench of the High allowed and the impugned
sexual misconduct of their implored Courts to interpret Court had taken a “hyper- judgment and order of the
superior” service rules and statutory technical view of the matter”, Division Bench of the Calcutta
High Court of 18 December Appearances : Additional

2018 and of the Single Judge Solicitor General Madhavi
of the Calcutta High Court on Divan for Union of India
7 May 2009 are set aside. In & BSF; Advocate Rabin
consequence, the writ petition Majumder for the appellant
filed by the respondent shall
stand dismissed.” (Source: https://www.
livelaw.in/top-stories/
Case Title: Union of India and right-against-sexual-
Ors v. Mudrika Singh harassment-part-of-right-to-
life-dignity-under-article-21-
Citation : LL 2021 SC 705 supreme-court-186906)
DELHI HIGH COURT UPHOLDS

CONVICTION U/S 377 IPC; SETS OUT
INGREDIENTS OF ‘CARNAL INTERCOURSE
AGAINST ORDER OF NATURE’
The Delhi High Court has phrase ‘carnal intercourse innocent child is an abhorrent The development came
observed that any physical against the order of nature’ act; however, when the same while the Court was dealing
act answering to all the with exactitude is neither happens within the “filial with two appeals arising out
ingredients below committed possible, and perhaps not even father-daughter relationship” of a common judgment of
upon a minor is per-se ‘carnal desirable. Accordingly, though of which purity of affection conviction and the sentencing
intercourse against the order we hesitate to give the phrase is a sine-qua-non, the act order in connection with a case
of nature’ appearing in section ‘carnal intercourse against the descends to a different depth of wherein sexual offences were
377 of IPC: order of nature’ any exhaustive depravity. committed against a minor.
meaning, we hold, that as a The allegation was that the
i. it must have to do with flesh matter of law, any physical “Without at all appearing to prosecutrix’s father, one of the
and sensuality, namely it must convicts, and his friend Kamal,
be carnal; the other convict, committed
offences punishable under
ii. there must be intercourse
sec. 376(2)(g) and 377 of IPC
between individuals, without
during the period of May to
restricting it only to human-to-
July 2012.
human intercourse;
iii. it must involve penetration

other than penile-vaginal Accepting the statement made
penetration, since by the very by the prosecutrix under
nature, intent and purpose sec. 164 of CrPC as well her
of section 377, it must refer deposition in court, the High
to an unnatural act, such Court reiterated that a court
as ‘penile-anal penetration’, must not get swayed by minor
‘digital penetration’ or ‘object contradictions or insignificant
penetration’. discrepancies in the statement
be Biblical, crime in society is of the prosecutrix, which are
act answering to all the above
one thing; but crime within the not fatal, to throw-out an
ingredients, committed upon
The Bench of Justice Siddharth closest confines of the family, otherwise reliable prosecution
a minor is per-se ‘carnal
Mridul and Justice Anup J adds to it the element of sin. case.
intercourse against the order of
Bhambhani observed thus: Such acts must be dealt, with
nature’.” The Court upheld the order
the requisite level of severity,”
“Subject to the requirement of conviction by agreeing that
the Court added.
of the above ingredients, we both convicts were guilty of
however completely agree The Court also observed the offence under sec. 377 read
that attempting to define the that to sexually violate an with section 34 IPC; however
it said that the conclusion as any allegation nor has anything provision: sexual intercourse. A similar
regards the offence under sec. come forth in evidence to explanation appearing in
376(2)(g) IPC as arrived upon show that the appellants - Though the restrictive section 377 makes ‘penetration’
by the trial court was flawed. committed any penetrative meaning of the phrase ‘sexual a necessary ingredient of the
sexual intercourse with the intercourse’ will not deter the offence of ‘carnal intercourse’
Accordingly, the conviction prosecutrix. Accordingly, court from interpreting the as well. The offence under
order and sentencing order in our view, the finding of phrase ‘carnal intercourse’ section 377 would therefore
regarding the offence under the learned trial court that in its fullest ambit, we arise when there is ‘penetrative
section 377 read with section the appellants are guilty of must be guided by the legal intercourse’ which is ‘against
34 IPC were upheld and the offence under section interpretation given by the the order of nature’.
modified. 376(2)(g) is untenable; and Hon’ble Supreme Court to
is accordingly set-aside,” the the phrase ‘sexual intercourse’ With the said observations, the
“For our purposes in the in Sakshi (supra), which is appeals were dismissed.
Court said.
present case, we need only heterosexual intercourse
observe that the expanded The Court also touched upon involving penetration of the Case Title: KAMAL v. State
definition of rape as contained the meaning of the phrase vagina by the penis.
in amended section 375 with (Source: https://www.
‘carnal intercourse against livelaw.in/news-updates/
retrospective effect from the order of nature’ under - This interpretation turns
03.02.2013, did not exist on inter-alia on the explanation delhi-high-court-section-
sec. 377 of IPC. Accordingly, 377-ipc-ingredients-of-
the statute book at the time of the Court concluded the appended to section
commission of the offence by 375, which points to the carnal-intercourse-against-
following after going through order-of-nature-188091)
the appellants i.e. on or before the jurisprudence of the said requirement of ‘penetration’,
22.07.2012; and there is neither for an act to amount to
DECODING THE PEGASUS VERDICT

The Supreme Court on committee to investigate the also be seen to be done’”. (International Organisation
October 27, 2021 appointed allegations because “such a of Standardisation/
an independent expert course of action would violate Justice Raveendran would International Electro-
technical committee overseen be assisted by Alok Joshi, Technical Commission/
by a former apex court judge, Joint Technical Committee).
Justice R.V. Raveendran, to The three members of the
examine allegations that the technical committee are
government used an Israeli Naveen Kumar Chaudhary,
spyware, Pegasus, to snoop on Professor (Cyber Security and
its own citizens. Digital Forensics) and Dean,
National Forensic Sciences
Stressing that the power University, Gandhinagar,
of the state to snoop in the Gujarat; Prabaharan
name of national security P., Professor (School of
into the “sacred private space” Engineering), Amrita Vishwa
of individuals could not be Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri,
absolute, the Supreme Court Kerala; and Ashwin Anil
on Wednesday appointed an Gumaste, Institute Chair
expert technical committee Associate Professor (Computer
overseen by a former Supreme Science and Engineering),
Court judge, Justice R.V. Indian Institute of Technology,
Raveendran, to examine Bombay, Maharashtra.
allegations that the Centre
used Israeli software, Pegasus, (Source: https://www.
to spy on citizens. thehindu.com/news/national/
decoding-the-pegasus-
A three-judge Bench led by verdict/article37188821.ece)
Chief Justice of India N.V.
Ramana explained that it former IPS officer (1976
the settled judicial principle
decided to refuse the Centre’s batch) and Sundeep Oberoi,
against bias, i.e., that ‘justice
offer to appoint an expert Chairman, Sub Committee in
must not only be done, but
EXPLAINED: THE DAM SAFETY BILL, AND

WHY TAMIL NADU IS AGAINST IT
The Dam Safety Bill was of the various features of the or Bhakra Beas Management idea of a dam safety Act,
passed by Parliament on Friday design, construction, repair Board of Bhakra-Nangal issued a statement Friday,
amid strong objections from and enlargement of dams, Project. strongly condemning the
the Opposition. While it was reservoirs and appurtenant Union government for not
passed by the Lok Sabha in structures. The Centre has presented the considering the interest
August 2019, it was cleared Dam Safety Bill, 2018 against of states. Saying the Bill
by Rajya Sabha on Friday. The state dam safety the backdrop of over 5,200 was detrimental to federal
The Opposition sought that it organisation must also report large dams in India and about principles and powers of the
be sent to the Parliamentary events such as dam failures 450 dams under construction state governments, Stalin
Standing Committee for to the National Dam Safety right now. “Due to lack of legal said the move was nothing
further scrutiny. However, Authority and also maintain and institutional architecture but authoritarianism and
a motion to this effect was records of major dam incidents for dam safety in India, dam usurped the rights of the state
defeated in the House. of each specified dam. safety is an issue of concern. governments without regard to
Unsafe dams are a hazard the democratic-parliamentary
The National Dam Safety and dam break may cause ethos or the Constitution of
Authority, to be headquartered disasters, leading to huge loss India.
What is the Dam Safety Bill? in Delhi, will be formed under of life and property,” said a
The Bill proposes to help all
states and Union Territories
adopt uniform dam safety
procedures. It aims to
“provide for surveillance,
inspection, operation and
maintenance of the specified
dam for prevention of dam
failure-related disasters, and
to provide for institutional
mechanism to ensure their safe
functioning and for matters
connected therewith or
incidental thereto.”
A National Committee on
Dam Safety with a three-
year tenure, comprising the
chairman of the Central Water
Commission, a maximum
of 10 representatives of the June 13 statement, revealing Stalin said the move was
the Act. It will be headed by the Cabinet approval for the dangerous to democracy, and
central government in the
an officer not below the rank enactment of the Bill. that the Union government
ranks of joint secretary,
of Additional Secretary to the would be forced to answer
a maximum of seven
Government of India to deal However, during deliberations to the people even if it made
representatives of the state
with problems relating to dam by the Centre in 2016 to collect legislations against the states’
governments, and three
engineering and dam safety feedback from states on the interests by using its majority.
experts, will be formed as part
management. Bill, then Tamil Nadu chief
of the Act.
minister J Jayalalithaa had While the AIADMK has
A state dam safety organisation raised questions on the clause also supported DMK’s stand
will be formed as well, talking about the National against the Bill, the Tamil
Most of the dams in India are
which will be responsible Dam Safety Authority. Nadu legislative Assembly had
constructed and maintained
for the dam safety. This earlier passed a unanimous
by the states, while some of Tamil Nadu’s objection
organisation is empowered resolution demanding proper
the bigger dams are managed
to investigate and gather data consultation with the states
by autonomous bodies such as Chief Minister M K Stalin,
for proper review and study before arriving at a decision.
Damodar Valley Corporation who has been opposing the
the dams constructed by In a country where most of (Source: https://indianexpress.

it in neighbouring states, the dams are built, operated, com/article/explained/
Political parties in Tamil Nadu and will cause problems in maintained and owned by state explained-dam-safety-
and the state government maintenance and operation. governments, the impact of the bill-opposition-tamil-
oppose the Bill for several The main concern of the state Act remains to be seen when nadu-7655600/)
reasons. They allege it is about retaining its power long-pending disputes arise.
contains clauses which in controlling the dams,
violate the rights of the state, autonomy, and ownership of
especially with respect to the assets.
EXPLAINED: JCP PRESCRIPTION FOR DATA

BILL
After 78 sittings spread over was that it was impossible “to data and non-personal data, or transported”. This means
184 hours and 20 minutes, and
half a dozen extensions, the
Joint Committee of Parliament
(JCP) on the Personal Data
Protection Bill tabled its report
in both Houses on Thursday.
Among the key

recommendations is that social
media companies that do not
act as intermediaries are to be
treated as content publishers.
This means they become liable
for the content they host.
What are the major

recommendations?
The JCP, which was formed in

December 2019 to deliberate
on issues surrounding personal
data protection, expanded
its mandate to include
discussions on non-personal
data, thereby changing the
mandate of the Bill from
personal data protection to
broader data protection. In all,
the committee has made 99
recommendations, of which
12 are in connection with the
provisions made in the Bill,
and the rest are in the form of
modifications.
NON-PERSONAL TOO:
The key recommendations
that changes the nature of
the Bill itself is for inclusion
of non-personal data within
the larger umbrella. The
reason, the committee said, distinguish between personal when mass data is collected that all issues under the new
legislation will be dealt with aggregator or fiduciary must use of personal data has through the same process in
by a single Data Protection notify the DPA within 72 resulted in undermining the Rajya Sabha. If it is rejected
Authority (DPA) instead of hours of becoming aware of end user trust and confidence. by Rajya Sabha or there are
separate ones for personal and it. The DPA shall then decide Concerns and tensions about disagreements between the
non-personal. the quantum of severity of the misuse of sensitive and two Houses, a joint sitting of
data breach and accordingly critical personal data is rising both Houses is called by the
TRANSITION PERIOD: As ask the company to report it exponentially,” the committee President.
technology has become an and “take appropriate remedial said in its report.
inseparable part of everyone’s measures”. Once a Bill is passed by
life, companies, firms and even To deal with such situations, it both Houses, it is sent to the
government organisations deal What factors did the JCP take said, it was important to build President, who can either
with various kinds of data. into consideration? a “legal, cultural, technological accept it in its entirety and
To ensure that all such data and economic infrastructure” make it into an Act, or send
aggregators get ample time to With the growth of the for a secure and user-friendly it back with suggestions and
comply with the rules under Internet, consumers have data ecosystem. recommendations. But If Lok
the new Bill, the JCP suggested been generating a lot of data, Sabha clears the Bill again
that up to 24 months be given which has allowed companies Apart from the obvious without changes, the President
from the date of notification to show them personalised economic and privacy must accept the bill as it is and
of the Act. All data fiduciaries advertisements based on their concerns, the JCP report also give assent to make it into a
that deal exclusively in online behaviour. Companies discusses the impact on mental law.
children’s data have to register began to store a lot of these health and emotional well-
themselves with the DPA. For datasets without taking the being that a user experiences (Source: https://indianexpress.
this, a period of 9 months from users’ consent, and did not due to a data breach. It cites com/article/explained/
the notification of the Act has take responsibility when the findings that among such parliament-joint-committee-
been suggested. data leaked. individuals, as much as 86 per personal-data-protection-bill-
cent felt worried, angry and explained-7678434/)
To hold such companies frustrated, while 85 per cent
accountable, the government experienced disturbed sleeping
SOCIAL MEDIA in 2019 tabled the Personal habits.
LIABILITY: A third major Data Protection Bill for the
recommendation is that social first time.
media platforms that do not
act as intermediaries should In its report, the committee What now after the tabling in
be treated as publishers, and stressed a need to set up new Parliament?
therefore be held liable for processes to unify such data
present across spectrums and A copy of the JCP report has
the content they host. While now been made available to all
there is confusion among organisations such as public
and private sector companies, MPs ahead of the debate; they
stakeholders on what this will also be given the option to
recommendation entails, research organisations and
academic institutions. provide any suggestions for the
given that most social media final Bill, if they wish.
companies are treated as Among the major concerns
intermediaries, a general that the JCP recommendations The Ministry of Electronics
consensus is that this would sought to address are data and Information Technology,
strip these companies of protection, minimal user the nodal ministry for
protections they are accorded trust in companies handling handling the Bill, will discuss
under Section 79 of the data, impact of data breaches the recommendations made
Information Technology Act. on health and well-being of by the JCP. Comments or
individuals, proliferation of suggestions from industries,
PENALTY: The committee has public policy groups and
recommended a fine of up to bots and fake accounts and
data localisation. others, however, will no longer
Rs 15 crore or 4% of the total be accepted since consultations
global turnover of the firm for with external stakeholder
data breaches, and a jail term consultations are over.
of up to 3 years if de-identified The JCP said there was a
data is re-identified. sense of unease in the general
public about what companies
TIMELY ALERT: In case handling their data knew about If Lok Sabha passes the Bill,
of any data breach, the data them. “The rapid commercial or as it is amended, it will go
THE 1971 WAR | THE LIBERATION OF

BANGLADESH, 50 YEARS AGO
In the evening of April 10, geopolitical challenges, are still won a majority of seats in around distributing food and
1971, the Kolkata station of on a strong wicket. Last week, the National Assembly, but medicines.
the Radio Free Bangladesh, when Bangladesh celebrated President Yahya Khan and
an offshoot of Akashvani, 50 years of its liberation from leader of the Pakistan People’s Indira Gandhi travelled to
announced that an important Pakistan, President Ram Nath Party Zulfikar Ali Bhutto all the bordering States and
news would be broadcast Kovind was in Dhaka. In refused to allow the AL to spoke in Parliament on May
after 10 pm. Word spread like March, when Dhaka marked form the government. 24. She wanted a quick action
wildfire and people across the outbreak of the conflict in but that could not be carried
India and Pakistan rushed 1971, Prime Minister Narendra With each passing day, the out without an adequate
to the nearest radio-owning Modi was the guest of honour. situation in East Pakistan public relations exercise as
neighbours, hoping to catch Speaking at the celebratory became tense as protests and Pakistan was supported by U.S.
the announcement. event on December 16, violence continued. Finally, President Richard Nixon. She
President Kovind said the 1971 in the late evening of March entrusted Sardar Swaran Singh,
Late evening, the dramatic war “altered the ideological 25, news came: the Pakistan P.N. Haksar, R.N. Kao, and
voice of Debdulal map of South Asia”. Army had begun to disarm T.N. Kaul with various aspects
Bandyopadhyay announced East Pakistan Rifles, which was of India’s approach, including
that the government of The beginning mainly manned by Bengalis. secret diplomacy in the West
independent Bangladesh Soon thereafter, Dhaka’s skies and espionage operations.
had been formed under Two crises gripped India and were lit up with flares and The refugees who poured in
the presidency of Sheikh Pakistan by the end of 1970. targeted killings began against provided the foot soldiers for
Mujibur Rahman. Syed Indira Gandhi was dependent those who supported the AL. the Mukti Bahini that Kao,
Nazrul Islam would be the on the Left parties and was That was also the evening chief of the Research and
Vice President. “We will under constant attack from when Mujib was arrested and Analysis Wing (RAW), raised.
build a new Bangladesh on the conservative Swatantra flown later to Rawalpindi. On
the ruins of the old East Party. A mid-term election being alerted in advance by Indira Gandhi and Swaran
Pakistan,” said Tajuddin could work in her favour if she workers of the Awami League, Singh travelled to major
Ahmad, the Prime Minister, could secure absolute majority. Tajuddin Ahmad, carrying a world capitals. Members of
in a speech that electrified On December 27, Gandhi rifle and a pistol, left for India, the western bloc, including
India and East Pakistan. It was went to President V.V. Giri telling his family: “You have Australia, West Germany
an unprecedented moment and asked him to dissolve the to look after yourself. I have to and France, turned against
in Indian history when the Cabinet and call for election in leave.” Pakistan, moving away from
head of a Government-in- February 1971. the official American line.
exile addressed the people The Government of India Gandhi visited Washington,
In November 1970, East had been watching the where her meetings with
of his country from the Pakistan was hit by a
Indian government’s radio developments in Bangladesh President Nixon and National
monstrous cyclone — Bhola. for months. As Indira Security Adviser Henry
network. Sharmeen Ahmad, It took a few days before the
currently an Awami League returned to power with the Kissinger were disastrous, but
devastation caused by the mandate to remove poverty, she gave a series of interviews
MP in Dhaka, wrote about cyclone became known to
that momentous speech in her her agenda was shaped by the that added to the anti-Pakistan
the world. Lakhs were swept developments in neighbouring public opinion.
book on her father, Tajuddin away into the sea and all
Ahmad: Neta o Pita. The East Pakistan. Starting with
properties in the path of the the movement of the leaders of Ronen Sen, India’s former
speech was the the beginning storm destroyed. The cyclone Ambassador to the U.S.,
of a massive public relation the Awami League, millions of
exposed the prejudice in people began to pour into West recollecting the developments,
and psychological campaign the heart of the Pakistani says the military and
that India would unleash Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya
government located in the and Tripura. Schools, colleges, diplomatic moves of the
over the next few months western wing of the country. Indira Gandhi government
that would create a global offices, railway platforms,
Bengalis of East Pakistan godowns were filled up with were equally supported by the
public opinion to favour a free suffered without much help public relations blitzkrieg that
Bangladesh. people. Unable to contain the
from Islamabad. Hurt by human flow, the Government India launched.
Fifty years later, India- neglect, they voted in the began to set up big hollow
December election to form a Military solution
Bangladesh relations, pipes where they could stay
despite internal tensions and government of their choice. while the Government went Indira Gandhi had placed
The Awami League (AL)
Durga Prasad Dhar, a former the sympathetic local farmers airport. The paper informed for the Indian Army, led by
politician from Kashmir, tending fields and carried her that the Pakistan Air Force Gen. Sam Maneckshaw. Top
as India’s Ambassador to out attacks that surprised the had carried out a bombing Soviet officials were stationed
Moscow. Assisted by young Pakistan military. raid in the western sector. in Delhi to ensure India
diplomats like Ronen Sen, Gandhi had ordered India’s could carry out the military
A.K. Damodaran and Romesh After the Durga Puja of 1971, military to be ready for war operation in a swift manner.
Bhandari, Dhar carried out Indira Gandhi focused on but wanted Pakistan to make Mr. Sen says the Soviets were
a series of negotiations with finding a military solution. the first move so that Yahya concerned about pushing
Soviet leaders for establishing On December 3, she came Khan could be projected as the the Americans too far as that
military cooperation, which to address a rally in Kolkata. aggressor. could trigger a chain reaction.
led to the Indo-Soviet After the rally, she sat down On December 16, exactly 50
Friendship Treaty aimed for a cup of tea with the city’s For the next two hours, years ago, the war came to
at securing emergency filmmakers and writers. Her the PM’s aircraft flew over an end with the surrender of
military supplies. Just as the biographer Pupul Jayakar northern India while Pakistani the Pakistan military under
Pakistan military continued wrote the PM went missing bombers remained airborne the command of Gen A.A.K.
its campaign, Dhar and his for two hours because of the . Gandhi rushed to the map Niazi, before the joint India-
team negotiated the Indo- meeting. room and ordered retaliation, Bangladesh forces. A free
Soviet treaty. During the starting an all out tri-service Bangladesh was born.
In the meanwhile, a war — India’s first.
monsoon and autumn, the momentous development
Mukti Bahini was used to (Source: https://www.
had happened and her office Ambassador Sen recollects thehindu.com/news/national/
soften targets in East Pakistan. finally tracked her down in that the war was won because
Armed with Second World the-1971-war-the-liberation-
the meeting and handed over Dhar had established a solid of-bangladesh-50-years-ago/
War-era rifles and wearing a piece of paper. Gandhi read channel with the Soviets,
blue and black lungis and article37987412.ece)
the paper and then continued who set up an air-bridge
white vests, the soldiers of to chat calmly and finished between Moscow and Delhi,
Mukti Bahini merged among the meeting and left for the flying in critical equipment
LS SENDS BILL TO RAISE WOMEN’S AGE AT

MARRIAGE TO STANDING COMMITTEE
As the Lok Sabha on Tuesday 25 of the Constitution. This and said that the female labour
sent the proposed law raising Bill will have far-reaching force participation (FLPR)
the age of marriage for women Several MPs from the consequences in the country. rate in India was lower than
to 21 to a Standing Committee, Congress, Trinamool Congress It is an attack on personal laws Somalia.
Minister for Women and Child (TMC), Dravida Munnetra and the fundamental rights in
Development Smriti Irani said Kazhagam (DMK), Nationalist the country.” The Minister introduced
it would ensure uniformity Congress Party (NCP), the Bill amidst protests by
across all religions and Indian Union Muslim League Asaduddin Owaisi of the Opposition MPs in the well
communities. (IUML), All India Majlis-e- AIMIM said the Bill was of the House demanding the
Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) retrogressive and questioned sacking of Minister of State
“The age of marriage should and Biju Janata Dal (BJD) why the age of marriage for for Home Affairs Ajay Mishra
be uniformly applicable to all
religions, caste, creed, over-
riding any custom or law that
seeks to discriminate against
women,” Ms. Irani said while
introducing the Prohibition of
Child Marriage Amendment
Bill, 2021, in Lok Sabha.
“We are in our democracy 75

years late in providing equal
rights to men and women to
enter into matrimony. In 19th
century, the age of marriage
of girls was 10 years. In 1940,
this was raised from 12 to 14.
In 1978, girls could be married
at the age of 15 years. Today,
for the first time both men
and women on the basis of
equality can take a decision
to get married at the age of
21. From 2015 until 2020 we
have stopped 20 lakh child
marriages, according to
research. The NFHS-5 data
tells us that nearly 7% girls
between 15 years to 18 years
have been found pregnant and
23% girls under 18 years were
married though the law doesn’t
permit it,” the Minister said.
She said the Bill will also

demanded greater scrutiny and girls was being raised to ‘Teni’ for the Lakhimpur Kheri
amend the Indian Christian
urged that the Bill be sent to 21 when “18-year-olds can killing.
Marriage Act, 1972, Parsi
the Standing Committee. choose a PM, be in a live-
Marriage and Divorce Act, (Source: https://www.
in [relationship] and have
1936, Muslim Personal Law The IUML’s E.T. Mohammed thehindu.com/news/national/
a sexual relationship under
(Shariat) Application Act, Bashir urged that the Bill ls-sends-bill-to-raise-
POCSO”. He also sought to
1937, Special Marriage Act, be withdrawn as “it was womens-age-at-marriage-
draw the attention of the
1954, Hindu Marriage Act, unwanted, unconstitutional to-standing-committee/
House to the poor employment
1955, and Foreign Marriage and in violation of Article article38005616.ece)
rates of women in the country
Act, 1956.

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Passage (Q.1-Q.5): of powers in the region.

M The BJP has joined

Passage (Q.6-Q.10): Pakistan Economic

S ince the second week of Corridor?

Passage (Q.11-Q.15): environment protection under declared as eco-sensitive

O n December 4, Karnataka the Forest Protection Act. In area.

Passage (Q.21-Q.25): to regulate the ARCs.

T o improve recovery of bad

for the establishment

29. The National Committee

Passage (Q.31-Q.35): be considered as part of

A mid protests by Opposition the Constitution.

Passage (Q.36-Q.40): cities?

1 ] is the world’s most expensive

Passage (Q.46-Q.50): TRUE about CBI?

T he Supreme Court this week

47. Which of the following is

I ndia on Monday opposed a

I ndia’s role is essential in

Passage (Q.81-Q.85): within the past three

T he top [1] % of India’s

86. (a) 1 governments has important 89. (b) China

91. Which of the following

Passage (Q.101-Q.105): a Cooperative as “an

Passage (Q.106-Q.110): 105th report of the

Passage (Q.111-Q.115): there is a broad ‘regional

I ndia and Central Asian consensus’ on the issues

T he Delhi High Court has

136. (a) 21 Framework Convention on of renewable power capacity by

Passage (Q.141-Q.145): but part of procedure

Passage (Q.146-Q.150): in producing Technical

Legal Current Affairs

ARTICLES YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO MISS

‘RIGHT TO DIGNITY A FUNDAMENTAL

“As this Court has directed

EX-PARTE ENHANCEMENT OF SENTENCE

RIGHT AGAINST SEXUAL HARASSMENT

The Bench further underscored

High Court of 18 December Appearances : Additional

DELHI HIGH COURT UPHOLDS

iii. it must involve penetration

DECODING THE PEGASUS VERDICT

EXPLAINED: THE DAM SAFETY BILL, AND

the dams constructed by In a country where most of (Source: https://indianexpress.

EXPLAINED: JCP PRESCRIPTION FOR DATA

Among the key

What are the major

The JCP, which was formed in

THE 1971 WAR | THE LIBERATION OF

LS SENDS BILL TO RAISE WOMEN’S AGE AT

“We are in our democracy 75

She said the Bill will also

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