AUT MAINTENANCE

AMBO UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEP. OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ASSIGNEMENT OF

AUTOMOTIVE MAINTAINANCE

Name ID NO
1. Debele Hailu……………………….....…RIOT/0382/07
2. Dechasa Zeleke………………………….RIOT/0389/07
3. Deressa Ajibachew.……………………..RIOT/0421/07
4. Derertu Mulugeta…………………….…RIOT/0414/07
5. Ebisa Leta……………………………….RIOT/0453/07
6. Ermiyas Berhanu………………………..RIOT/0505/07
7. Ermias Tedela…………………………...RIOT/0503/07

Sub. Date 02/02/ 2019

Sub. To .Nasir Ahimed

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Table of Contents
1. ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ........................................................................................ 3
1.1 STARTING SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................. 3
1.1.1 Basic Starting System........................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 CHARGING SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 IGNITION SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.1 Component of ignition system ................................................................................................. 6
1.4 GASOLINE FUEL SYSTEM ..................................................................................................................... 7
Gasoline combustion ................................................................................................................................ 7
1.5 DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 11
1.5.1 Diesel Fuel Injection .................................................................................................................. 11
1.5.2 Diesel Combustion.................................................................................................................... 11
1. 2 VEHICLE BODY ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ..................................................................... 13
1.2.1 Head lights ..................................................................................................................................... 13
1. 2.2 SIDE/PARKING/ LIGHTS ................................................................................................................. 14
There are two types of parking light ....................................................................................................... 14
1. 2.3 TURN SIGNALS ............................................................................................................................... 15
1. 2.4 BRAKE LIGHT................................................................................................................................ 16
1. 2.5 BACK UP LIGHT ............................................................................................................................. 17
1. 2.6 WINDSCREEN WIPER SYSTEM ....................................................................................................... 17
1.2.7 ELECTRIC HORN SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 18
2. Identify and prepare different statements or records required for automotive repair and
maintenance works ...................................................................................................................... 19
2.1 Types of records: ............................................................................................................................... 19
2.2 Periodic maintenance check sheet ................................................................................................... 19
2.3 ROAD TEST REPORT........................................................................................................................... 24
1.4 TRIP SHEET: ....................................................................................................................................... 24
2.5 LOG BOOK ........................................................................................................................................ 24
3.Design and draw typical layout of an automobile repair, service and maintenance shop. 25

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1. ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

1.1 STARTING SYSTEM
The starting system uses battery power and an electric motor to turn the engine Crank shaft for
engine starting

1.1.1 Basic Starting System

 The ignition switch energizes the solenoid
 The solenoid energizes the starting motor

Defects Cause Remedy

1. Engine does  Battery connection loose or corroded.  Inspect the faulty in all
not rotate when  Battery discharged or faulty. component of starting system
trying to start  Broken, loose or disconnected wiring in the & give necessary
starter or circuit. maintenance.
 Defective starter switch or automatic gearbox  change battery
inhibitor switch.  Remove from
 Starter pinion or flywheel ring gear loose.  Do not use water during
 Earth strap broken, loose or corroded. normal usage
2. Starter noisy  Starter pinion or flywheel ring gear loose.  Inspect & maintain pinion &
 Starter mounting bolts loose. ring gear
 Starter worn (bearings )  Check & change bearing if
 Discharged battery (starter may jump in and there is problem
out).  Charge battery

3. Starter turns  Discharged battery (slow rotation).
engine slowly  Battery terminals loose or corroded.
 Earth strap or starter supply loose or
disconnected.
 High resistance in supply or earth circuit.
 Internal starter fault
 Charge battery with normal
rotation
 Clean terminal of battery
 Protect safety of battery
 Inspect parts of starter

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1.2 CHARGING SYSTEM

The function of the charging system in an automobile is to generate, regulate and supply the
electrical energy for charging the battery.

The charging system consists of a generator for converting mechanical energy from the engine to
electrical energy, a regulator to control the amount of electrical energy so produced, a relay to
regulate the flow of the charging current from the generator to the battery relevant to the state of
the charge of the battery and an ammeter or indicating lamp to indicate whether the system is
operating or not.

The charging system must be able to meet these demands under all operating conditions and still
‘fast charge the battery. The main component of the charging system is the alternator and on
most modern vehicles – with the exception of its associated wiring – this is the only component
in the charging system.

The alternator generates AC but must produce DC at its output terminal as only DC can be used
to charge the battery and run electronic circuits. The output of the alternator must be a constant
voltage regardless of engine speed and current load.

To summarize, the charging system must meet the following criteria (when the engine is
running).

 Supply the current demands made by all loads.

 Supply whatever charge current the battery demands.
 Operate at idle speed.
 Supply constant voltage under all conditions.
 Have an efficient power-to-weight ratio.
 Be reliable, quiet, and have resistance to contamination.
 Require low maintenance.
 Provide an indication of correct operation.

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Defects Cause Remedy

 Defective battery.  Change battery

 Slipping alternator drive belt.  Change belt
4. Battery loses charge  Battery terminals loose or corroded.  Inspect the

 Alternator internal fault (diode open circuit brushes internal circuit

worn or regulator fault etc.). of alternator

 Open circuit in alternator wiring either main

supply,ignition or sensing wires if fitted.
 Short circuit component causing battery drain even
when all switches are off.

 Charge warning  Slipping or broken alternator drive belt. Alternator  Change battery
light stays on when internal fault (diode open circuit,brushes worn or  Change belt
Charge engine is regulator fault etc.).  Maintain
running  Loose or broken wiring/connections connection

Charge warning  Alternator internal fault (brushes worn open circuit  Change light
light does not come or regulator fault etc.). bulb

on at any time  Blown warning light bulb

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1.3 IGNITION SYSTEM

The fundamental purpose of the ignition system is to supply a spark inside the cylinder, near the
end of the compression stroke, to ignite the compressed charge of air–fuel vapour.

1.3.1 Component of ignition system

Ignition coil Stores energy in the form of magnetism and delivers it to the distributor via the HT
lead. Consists of primary and secondary windings.

Ignition switch Provides driver control of the ignition system and is usually also used to
cause the starter to crank.

Ballast resistor Shorted out during the starting phase to cause a more powerful spark. Also
contributes towards improving the spark at higher speeds.

Contact breakers (breaker points) Switches the primary ignition circuit on and off to
charge and discharge the coil.

Capacitor (condenser) Suppresses most of the arcing as the contact breakers open. This
allows for a more rapid break of primary current and hence a more rapid collapse of coil
magnetism, which produces a higher voltage output.

DEFECT CAUSE REMEDY

1. Engine rotates but
does not start
2. Difficult to start when
cold
3. Engine starts but then
stops immediately
 Damp ignition components does
not start
 Spark plugs worn to excess
 Ignition system open circuit
 Spark plugs worn to excess
 High resistance in ignition circuit
 Ignition wiring connection
intermittent
 Ballast resistor open circuit (older
cars)
 Inspect the IG component &
maintain
 Connect circuit properly
 Change the spark plug
 Increase the cross sectional
area of wire
 Connect IG cables with
correct polarity & replace it
 Check weather open circuit
exist

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4 Misfire through all  Incorrect plugs or plug gaps  Check & inspect the plug
speeds  HT leads breaking down gaps

1.4 GASOLINE FUEL SYSTEM

Gasoline engines can be built to meet the requirements of practically any conceivable power-
plant application, the most important being passenger automobiles, small trucks and buses,
general aviation aircraft, outboard and small inboard marine units, moderate-sized stationary
pumping ,lighting plants, machine tools, and power tools

Gasoline combustion
 For gasoline to burn properly, it must be mixed with the right amount of air
 Mixture is compressed and ignited
 Combustion produces heat
 Heat causes gases to expand
 Expansion causes pressure
 Pressure pushes the piston down to rotate the crankshaft

Defect Cause Remedy

 Fuel pump gasket broken or  Replace gasket
1. External oil improperly sealed  Replace sealant
leaks  Cylinder head cover RTV sealant  Replace cap
broken or improperly seated  Replace seal
 Oil filler cap leaking or missing  Replace PCV valve
 Timing case cover oil seal broken  Repair as necessary and tighten
or improperly seated.  Use appropriate sealant on gallery plug and
 Excess oil pressure because of tighten
restricted PCV valve  Seat camshaft plug or replace and seal, as
 Oil pan drain plug loose or has necessary
stripped threads  Replace gasket
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 Rear oil gallery plug loose
 Rear camshaft plug loose or
improperly seated
 Distributor base gasket damaged
 Oil level too high
 Oil with wrong viscosity being
used
 PCV valve stuck closed
 Valve stem oil deflectors or seals
are damaged, missing or incorrect
2. Excessive Oil type
Consumption  Valve stems or valve guides worn
 Poorly fitted or missing valve
cover baffles
 Piston rings broken or missing
 Scuffed piston
 Incorrect piston ring gap
 Piston rings sticking or
excessively loose in grooves
Compression rings installed upside
down
 Cylinder walls wom,scored, or
glased
 Piston rings gaps not properly
staggered
 Excessive main or connecting rod
 bearing clearance
 Low oil level
 Inaccurate gauge,warning lamp
3. No Oil Pressure sending unit
 Drain oil to specified level
 Replace with specified oil
 Replace PCV valve
 Replace valve stem oil defectors
 Measure stem to guide clearance and repair
as necessary
 Replace valve cover
 Replace broken or missing rings
 Replace piston
 Measure ring gap to repair as necessary
 Measure ring side clearance, repair as
necessary
 Repair as necessary
 Repair as necessary
 Repair as necessary
 Measure bearing clearance , repair as
necessaryAdd oil to correct level
 Replace oil pressure gauge or warning lamp
 Replace oil pump
 Remove and inspect oil pressure
 Inspect oil passage for obstruction
 Inspect pickup for obstruction
 Tighten or seal inlet tube
 Add oil to correct level
 Replace oil pressure gauge or warning
lamp
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 Oil excessively thin because of
dilution ,pure quality or
improper grade
 Excessive oil temperature
 Oil pressure relief spring weak
or sticking
 Oil inlet tube and screen
assembly as restriction or air
leak
 Excessive oil pump clearance
 Excessive main ,rod or
camshaft bearing clearance
4. Main bearing i. Insufficient oil supply
noise  Main bearing clearance
excessive
 Bearing insert missing
 Crankshaft end play excessive
 Improperly tightened main
bearing cap bolts
 Loose flywheel or drive plate
 Loose or damaged vibration
damper
5. High oil pressure  Improper oil viscosity
 Oil pressure gauge or sending
unit inaccurate
 Oil pressure relief valve
sticking closed
6. Connecting rod  Insufficient oil supply
bearing noise  Push rod worm or bent
 Rocker arms or pivots worm
 Drain and refill crankcase with
recommended oil
 Correct case of overheating engine
 Remove and inspect oil pressure relief
valve assembly
 Remove and inspect oil inlet tube and
screen assembly
 Measure clearance
 Measure bearing clearance
 Inspect for low oil level and low oil
pressure
 Measure main bearing clearance
 Replace missing insert
 Measure end play,repair as necessary
 Tighten bolt with specified
 Tighten flywheel or plate attaching bolts
Repair as necessary
 Drain and refill crankcase with correct
viscosity oil
 Replace oil pressure gauge
 Remove and inspect oil pressure relief
valve
 Check for
 Low oil level
 Low oil pressure
 Plugged push rods
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 Foreign objects or chips in
hydraulic tappets
 Excessive tappet leak down
 Tappet face worm
 Broken or cocked valve
springs
 Stem to guide clearance
excessive
 Valve bent
 Loose rocker arms
 Valve seat run out excessive
 Missing valve lock
7. Piston noise  Piston-to-cylinder
 wall clearance excessive
 Cylinder walls excessive tapered
or out-of round
 Piston ring broken
 Loose or seized piston pin
 Connecting rods misaligned
 Piston rings side clearance
excessively loose or tight
 Carbon build-up on piston is
excessive
 Wrong hydraulic tappets
 Restricted oil gallery
 Excessive tappet to bore
clearance
 Replace worm or bent push rods
 Replace worm rocker arms or pivots
 Clean tappets
 Replace valve tappet
 Replace tappet, inspect corresponding cam
lobe for where
 Property seat cocked springs,replace
broken spring
 Measure stem to guide clearance, repair as
required
 Replace valve
 Tighten bolts with specified torque regrind
valve seat or valves
 Install valve lock
 Measure clearance and examine piston
 Measure cylinder wall dimensions, rebore
cylinder
 Replace all rings on piston
 Measure rod alignment, straighten or
replac Measure ring side clearance
 Repair as necessary
 Remove carbon from piston

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 Occurs when the spark plug fires  check the ignition timing first
8. Spark Knock too soon in relation to the position  If timing is correct, look for causes of
of the piston preignition
 spark timing that is too advanced
combustion pressure slams into
the upward moving piston
 Maximum cylinder pressure
occurs too early, when the piston
is still moving upward in the
cylinder

1.5 DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM

 Diesel fuel contains more heat energy than gasoline by volume
 Diesel fuel is a thicker fraction of crude oil
 Diesel fuel will not vaporize as easily as gasoline

1.5.1 Diesel Fuel Injection

 A diesel engine compresses air until it is hot enough to ignite the fuel
 High-pressure injection is used to spray the fuel directly into the combustion chambers
 Fuel is vaporized and ignited by the hot air in the cylinder

1.5.2 Diesel Combustion

 diesel engine is a compression-ignition engin

 Fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber
 High compression heats the air
 When fuel is sprayed into the hot air, it begins to burn

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Defect Cause Remedy

1. Ignition Lag  If lag time is too long, a large amount of fuel can  Adjust time lapse
ignite between initial fuel
injection
 and actual ignition
2. Diesel Knock  cold engine operation  correct injection
 low-cetane fuel timing
 improper fuel injector spray pattern
 incorrect injection timing
3. High Fuel  Incorrect idle speed adjustment  Adjustment injection
Consumption  Incorrect injection timing time
 Fuel leakage at the injector nozzle  Adjust
 Incorrect injector opening pressure  repair
 Loose or incorrectly installed injector
 Bad injector copper washer
 Cracked or leading injector lines
4. Hard starting  Clogged fuel liter  Repair
 Water of air in the fuel liter  Adjest injection time
 Faulty fuel out off solenoid  Replace
 Incorrect injection timing  Correct stop lever
 Air in the injection pump position
 Incorrect stop lever position
 Mechanical problem in the injection pump
 Seized injector needle valve
 Fuel leakage at the injector nozzle
5. Poor  Faulty fuel out off solenoid
acceleration  Incorrect injection timing
 Air in the injection pump
 Incorrect stop lever position

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1. 2 VEHICLE BODY ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

1.2.1 Head lights

Headlights are probably the highest-draw item on your motorcycle, consuming more power than
any other single accessory. They are also among the easiest to cause problems, especially if you
don't follow the manufacturer's rating for bulb usage.

Defect Cause Remedy

1. Short circuit and blows  Wiring from the power source to the  Correct short circuit
the fuse, most often headlight has a bare spot where the Check acting ground
when the motor is insulation is worn away.
running.  When the bare spot comes in contact
with a bare metal part (acting as
ground),
2. Wire to the headlight  bulb is drawing more power than the  Remove headlight and
bulb is warm or hot electrical system wiring, check power rating
3. Headlight works only  bulb has failed or defective filament.  bulb has failed or
on the low or high defective filament.
beam setting, but not
on the other setting.
4. .blows the fuse when  Corrosion or water intrusion into the  If heavy corrosion is
switched between high- headlight selector switch, or wear and found, replace switch.
beam and low-beam tear of extended usage may have  If reusing existing
5. .Sparking or electrical caused a less-than-ideal contact in the switch, pack with
noises at headlight headlight selector switch. dielectric grease
selector switch. before reassembling to

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help prevent further

problems.
6. Headlight operating  The headlight bulb spades to overheat,  Examine the plastic
inconsistantly, smell of burning plastic bulb retainer and surrounding the bulb
burnt plastic, headlight possibly damaging headlight bulb retaining sp Pack
fuse or headlight spades (corrosion, carbon build-up). replacement with
filament blowing. dielectric grease.ades.

7. Headlight doesn't  Voltage regulator bad and/or battery  Using a voltage meter,
brightens excessively defective, permitting charging system check the voltage at
with RPM, headlight to vary power outside of expected the battery with the
filament or headlight range. engine & ignition off
fuse blows
intermittently, blinker
and other bulbs give
out unexpectedly.

1. 2.2 SIDE/PARKING/ LIGHTS

Parking light is a light on vehicle used to stop the collision from other vehicle by indicating that
vehicle is in stop position. & used to remove darkness from parking lot.

There are two types of parking light

1. Light which is present in parking are called LED parking lot light
2. Light which is present at back side of any vehicle

A vehicle must have two sidelights each with wattage of less than 7 W. Most vehicles have the
sidelights incorporated as part of the headlight assembly.

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Defect Cause Remedy

1. Lights dim  High resistance in the circuit  Increase the cross sectional
 Low alternator output area
 Discoloured lenses or reflectors  Maintain & change alternator
2. Lights do not  Bulbs blown  Change bulb
work  Fuse blown  Change fuse
 Loose or broken  Maintain the part that need
wiring/connections/fuse maintenance
 Relay not working  Clean properly
 Corrosion in light units  Switch make contact
 Switch not making contact

1. 2.3 TURN SIGNALS

Turn signals are not only an important safety precaution, but also a legal requirement. There is
no warning light for when your turn signals aren’t working, but your signal will typically blink
faster when the light is close to going out

Detect Cause Remedy

1. Blown fuse and  Low-resistance resistors that limit  provide overcurrent
turn signals will excessive currents and power electrical protection for electrical
be shut off devices with damaging units.
entirely.
2. Burnt out bulbs  As with all light bulbs, turn signal lights  Turn signal lights before
can burn out and die. burning out
3. Bad turn signal  If the switch malfunction or breaks, there is  Provide a good
switch no communication b/n the turn signal lever interconnection of circuit.
and turn signal light.

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4. Bad flasher  A fused, switched lead is run from the fuse  Check the inter
module to the flasher, so that it only receives power connection & function of
in the "Hot in run" position. the system
If this malfunctions, your signals may turn
on, but it usually won’t ash.

1. 2.4 BRAKE LIGHT

High- level brake lights are now allowed and, if fitted, must operate with the primary brake
lights. Brake light problems don’t have to be head-scratchers. There are certain issues that crop
up over and over again when diagnosing brake light issues, which makes that much easier to
figure out what’s wrong with your brakes when you tap the pedal.

Defect Cause Remedy

 Much time you spend with
1 Burnt Out Bulb your foot on the brake
2 Bad Brake Light  Analog switches wear out
Switch over time, and they can get
dirty, too,
3 Blown Fuse  Low-resistance resistors
that limit excessive
currents and power
electrical devices with
damaging
 Think of how much time you spend
with your foot on the brake, and then
consider that the bulb has to be
illuminated during that entire period.
 Straight forward for your mechanic to
test brake light problems like this one.
If all three brake lights are out at the
same time, it’s unlikely that the trio of
bulbs died simultaneously.
 Locate your vehicle’s fuse box, which
is usually under the hood or on the
kick panel inside the passenger
compartment

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4 Bad Socket  socket connections are  Protect the socket connection

dirty or corroded, or one  from dirty or clean socket
whose wiring has become
worn to the point

1. 2.5 BACK UP LIGHT

Defects Cause Remedial action

1 Backup light function  Switch are worn  Replace
intermittently(flicker)
2 Backup light stay ON at all  Switch shorts internally  Replace
time
3 Backup light fail to come  Backup switch fail  Replace
ON at all

1. 2.6 WINDSCREEN WIPER SYSTEM

Defects/faults Cause Remedy

1 windshield wiper
motor defective
2 Wipers not working
or poor operation
 Defective windshield wiper motor  Replace the
windshield wiper
motor.
 Malfunctions of the wiring harness and  Repair the connector
connectors concerned
 Loose or broken wiring/connections/fuse.  Maintain & replace
Corrosion in wiper connections.
 Switch not making contact. High resistance
contact on switch or wiring.
 Relay/timer not working. Motor brushes or
slip ring connections worn.

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 Limit switch contacts open circuit or high

resistance. Blades and/or arm springs in
poor condition.

1.2.7 ELECTRIC HORN SYSTEM

The electrically operated horn system consists of a diaphragm and an armature inside a field coil.
The contacts are shown closed, which is the position when the horn switch is in the off position.
When the driver pushes the horn switch the circuit is completed and the field coil produces an
elf, which causes the armature along with it the diaphragm too move down, the contacts separate
opening the electrical circuit.

Defects/faults Cause Remedy

 Wiper blades are torn  Replace the torn wiper
blade
1 Wiper are  The windshield wipers have ice or  Remove heavy snow from
not working snow on them your windshield before
using your wiper blade
 Wiper motor has failed  Replace the wind shield
wiper motor
 The windshield wiper fuse is burnt out  Clear the obstruction and
replace the fuse
 Wiper pivot nots are loose  Tight the wiper pivot nuts

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2. Identify and prepare different statements or records

required for automotive repair and maintenance works

2.1 Types of records:

 Periodic maintenance check sheet.
 Maintenance schedule sheet.
 Trip sheet
 Log book, etc

2.2 Periodic maintenance check sheet

The periodic maintenance check sheet is used to record the inspection status made during the
maintenance check operation. It contains various details such as the dealer name, place, date of
sale, manufacturers name, mileage, frame number, chassis number etc. The mileage and service
type are indicated in the various cells of the check sheet. The check sheet also contains the check
item name, status and remarks.

The check items include the following:

 Basic engine components.

 Engine oil
 Engine oil filter
 Ignition system
 Battery
 Fuel and emission control
 Pre-filter
 Water sediment filter
 Air cleaner filter
 Chassis and body Brake pedal, parking brake
 Brake pads and discs

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 Brake linings and brake drums Clutch

 Power steering fluid

 Ball joints and dust covers

 Tires and inflation pressures

 Lights, horns, wipers

 Steering wheel linkage and gear box oil

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S.no Check item Check Status Remarks

1
BASIC ENGINE COMPONENTS
R
Engine oil
R
Engine oil filter
2 T
IGNITION SYSTEM
Battery
3 R
FUEL AND EMISSION CONTROL
CA
Pre-filter
C
Water sediment filter
Air cleaner filter
4
CHASSIS AND BODY
CA
Brake pedal, parking pedal
CA
Brake pads and discs
CA
Brake lining and brake drums
CR
Brake line pipes and hoses
R
Brake fluid
CA
Clutch
CR
Power steering fluid
CR
Ball joints and dust covers
CA
Tires and inflation pressure.
CA
Light, horns, wipers
CA
Steering wheel linkage and gear box oil
CA
Front and rear suspension
T
Tightening of bolts and nuts
5 NA
AC/Cooler refrigerant

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Cclean; RReplace; CAcheck &Adjust; CRcheck and replace; TTighten

Additional job:
Signature
Name of the inspector

Table: periodic maintenance Check sheet

Vehicle reg No: Job No:

Chassis No : Date :

Parameter to check Before work After work

S.N
Front side abnormal noise
1
Rear side abnormal
2
Front/rear suspension noise
3
Steering noise
4
Brake caliper noise
5
Misfiring / starting
6
Hunting problems / stopping problems
7
Under body noise
8
Abnormal noise from doors / glasses and body
9
Overheating of engine on AC and Non AC
10
operation

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Brakes poor / weak line effective / noisy

11
Wheel bearings noisy
12
Drive shaft noise / vibration
13
Vehicle pulling to one side
14
Poor pick up of vehicle ( with AAAC and without
15
AC)

Table : Road Test Report

REPORT TO
Name and address of the agency
Mr / Mrs. _______________________________

Engaged by arranged by ________________ No. ______________________Date: ______________

Vehicle Number __________________________________ Driver Name___________________

Closing Time ______________________

Rupees Paise
Starting time _______________________

TOTAL Time ___________________

Hire Charges
Charge per km
Driver Bata
Signature of the Customer
Excess Hours
Excess kms
Service Tax
Permit Changes

Advance Rs. ___________ TOTAL

Driver’s signature For agency

Table: Trip sheet

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2.3 ROAD TEST REPORT:

1. The road test inspector or the machine makes the road test report after the completion of the
maintenance operation.
2. This report contains the vehicle reg number, chassis number, job no, date of test etc.
3. The parameter to be checked include the following:
 Front side and rear side abnormal noise.
 Steering and brake caliper noise
 Lunging, misfiring, sudden stoppage of vehicle.
 Brake condition.
 Wheel and bearing check
 Pick up of the vehicle
 Mileage of the vehicle etc.

The road test report gives a free idea of the condition of the vehicle before and after the
maintenance operation

1.4 TRIP SHEET:

The trip sheet gives the entire details of the vehicle before and after a trip. The starting km and
ending km, time of start and closing of the journey time and the charges per km and also the overall
cost of trip is described in the trip sheet.

2.5 LOG BOOK:

The logbook of a vehicle gives the details of the vehicle, which will be useful not only for the
owner of the vehicle but also to the mechanic who might take the job of vehicle maintenance latter.

The logbook contains the following details:

 Distance covered
 Fuel consumption
 Average fuel consumption
 Best and worst mileage
 Total maintenance cost
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 Running costs
 Faults in the vehicle
 Likes and dislikes
 Date of the previous maintenance report.

3.Design and draw typical layout of an

automobile repair, service and maintenance shop.

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