1.

From the 5epics taken “The Iliad”, “The Odyssey”, “The Aeneid”, “Mahabhaata” and
“Ramayana”. Identify one incident per epic where the conflict between good and bad is clearly
portrayed or expressed.
The importance of the Homeric poems for the history and culture of the universal
civilization is rather considerable. Many of the legends portrayed in both the Iliad and the
Odyssey have served the historical tradition and the popular fiction of the Greeks.
Homer's epics are considered to be true in their essence, as they are based on verifiable
historical data, but imaginative in their details, as the techniques used by Homer abound
in spectacular and supernatural events
The Iliad is set in the final year of the Trojan War, which forms the background for its
central plot. The Greek hero Achilles, insulted by his commander, Agamemnon,
withdraws from the war, leaving his fellow Greek to suffer terrible defeats at the hands of
the Trojans. When his companion Patroclus is slain by the Trojans, Achilles, full of
remorse and anger turns his wrath against them, killing their lieder Hector. The poem ends as
Achilles surrenders the corpse of Hector to his father Priam for burial. Although the poem is
placed on a background of war, it has no real villains in the true sense of the idea; each of the
characters is caught up in insoluble dilemmas.

Aeneas is compelled to leave the woman he loves and build a new city out of duty, s the idea of duty to
oneself and to one's God. The concept of duty leads Aeneas through battle as a superior leader, and it
leads to a more perfect understanding of oneself and one's beliefs. Without duty, there is no purpose or
true meaning in life, Aeneas quite aware of the duties that are entrusted to him, and the weight of
these duties on his personal life. He sacrifice. Evander tells Aeneas his duty also lies in passing his
wisdom and bravery on to other. He states, "You, Aeneas, / Possess the proper strength, the proper
lineage, / The summons of the gods. / Take up the burden! / My Pallas will go with you, my hope and
comfort. / You are the one to teach him a soldier's duty, / How to endure; let him learn from you in
action, / Behold your deeds, and, in his youth, admire them" (Humphries, and Virgil 225). Thus, his duty
is to pass his knowledge on to others and to create the Roman Empire in Italy, and that is a weighty duty
for any man - one that Aeneas cannot ignore.

The end of the Pandavas

Beholding the carnage, the noble mother of the Kauravas, Gandhari who had lost all her sons, curses
Krishna to be a witness to a similar annihilation of his family, for though divine and capable of stopping
the war, he had not done so. Krishna who had incarnated precisely to destroy the wicked kings accepts
the curse, which bears fruit 36 years later. He then departs from the world and the Pandavas who had
ruled righteously all along, now tired, decide to renounce everything. Clad in skins and rags they retire to
the Himalayas and ascend the peaks towards heaven in their bodily form. Legend reveals that a mangy,
stray dog travels along with them. One by one the Pandavas and Draupadi fall on their way. As each one
stumbles, Yudhishtra gives the rest the reason for their fall (Draupadi was partial to Arjuna, Nakula and
Sahadeva were vain and proud of their looks, Bhima and Arjuna were proud of their strength and archery
skills, respectively). Only the virtuous Yudhisthra who had tried everything to prevent the carnage and the
dog remain. The dog reveals himself to be the god Dharma, who reveals the nature of the test and
assures Yudhishtra that his fallen siblings and wife are in heaven. Yudhistra alone transcends to heaven
in his bodily form for being just and humble.

Arjuna's grandson Parikshita rules after them and dies bitten by a snake. His furious son, Janamejaya,
decides to perform a snake sacrifice ( sarpasattra) in order to destroy the snakes. It is at this sacrifice that
the tale of his ancestors is narrated to him.

Rama's exile

King Dasaratha, began to feel weary of reigning, and decided to make Rama, his
eldest son and heir-apparent, the co-regent (Yuvaraja). His happy people received the
announcement of his intention with delight and the whole city was in the midst of the
most splendid preparations for the ceremony. Dasaratha went to discuss the
celebrations with his favourite wife Kaikeyi. However, Kaikeyi, her jealousy aroused
by her evil maidManthara, because the son of Kausalya and not her darling Bharata, at
that time absent from the city, was to be made Yuvaraja, fled to an ante-chamber
where Dasharata found her in tears..

To Dasharatha's concerned queries, Kaikeyi recalled that, ages ago, the old king had
granted her two boons. She now demanded the fulfilment of these before she would
consent to smile upon him. Dasharatha agreed and Kaikeyi revealed her demands. She
required him, first, to appoint her son Bharata as co-regent and, second, to exile Rama
for fourteen years to the terrible forest of Dandaka. Dasharatha was grief-stricken, but
agreed to abide by his promise. Rama, the obedient son, immediately agreed to
relinquish his claim to the throne and started to leave for his exile. His faithful wife
Sita and his loving brother Lakshmana also decided to go along with Rama. With
Dasharatha lying grief-stricken, Rama left for the forest, followed by the lamenting
people of Ayodhya. Soon after, king Dasharatha died, overcome by grief.

2. Choose one major character from each epic. Characterize each character especially citing his
flaws or strength of each character.

Zeus -  King of gods and men, who mediates the disputes of the gods on Mount Olympus. Zeus is occasionally
depicted as weighing men’s fates in his scales. He sometimes helps Odysseus or permits Athena to do the
same.
 3.... From the 5 character chosen, choose one whom you think is the most relevant to 21st society.
Why?
4. Discuss the Filipino’s outlook or passion towards divine or spiritual intervention. Cite similarities
or difference in outlook then and now.
5. Is Homer’s “Iliad” still relevant to present society? Justify your answer by citing similarities. In the
cause and effect and methodology of warfare then and now.
6. Is the character of Rama a pragmatic or idealist?
7. Which do you think will make a better leader- an idealistic or pragmatic leader? Justify you
answer.

eto ang number 5 kar copy mo nlng..Iliad is still relevant today in some of the place around the world. It
is usually happened for the same reason, to protect and to defend their country, religions, traditions and
most of all their territory.
For now, commonly reason of war is to defend territory. In all around the world, that was commonly
reasons of war. Like Trojans war, bloodshed and carnage usually happened, lots of heroes were
sacrificing their life and they died full of hope that there were attain their goals to have a freedom and
peaceful life.
Until now, the presence of Iliad by Homer was or the Trojans war was still alive. It was relevant from
today's society in any part of the world.