Cluster Comput
DOI 10.1007/s10586-017-0953-x
A study on fuzzy logic based cloud computing
Bashir Hayat1 · Kyong Hoon Kim1 · Ki-Il Kim2
Received: 30 March 2017 / Revised: 15 May 2017 / Accepted: 24 May 2017
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017
Abstract Cloud computing is now being deployed in real
world to satisfy several users’ requirements for computa-
tion. In the point of management, there are several important
considerations such as availability, reliability, resource uti-
lization, and throughput in cloud computing. However, since
these performance metrics are affected by the many uncor-
related parameters, it is very hard task to derive new model
which takes into them account together. Even though there
are many feasible models, fuzzy logic can be the most suit-
able one in the view of depth, popularity and applicability
in many other research areas. However, as far as the authors
know, there is only one short survey paper which focuses
on introducing research challenges without detail discussion
of each mechanism. Based on this deficiency, in this paper,
we present the state-of-the-art approaches and their impor-
tant features in fuzzy logic based cloud computing. First, we
present overview of cloud computing and categorization for
the current research works. Second, we also provide some
of the key techniques presented in the recent literature and
provide a summary of related research works. Finally, we
suggest potential directions for future research in the field.
Keywords Cloud computing · Fuzzy logic · Virtual
machine · Analytical model
B Ki-Il Kim
kikim@cnu.ac.kr
1 Department of Informatics, Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju 52828, Korea
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
1 Introduction
Cloud computing has emerged as a paradigm to deliver
requested services such as infrastructure as a service (IaaS),
platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS)
over the network to the consumer under distributed comput-
ing architecture. The ambition of cloud computing is to earn
the maximum benefits from distributed resources by utilizing
the resources utmost. To achieve this goal, cloud computing
merges the resources to attain higher throughput, minimum
misuse of resources, and capable to knob large computation
problems as explained in [1]. Thus, customer does not need to
worry about resources that might be needed in future. By this
way, cloud computing has wiped hand over other computing
paradigms by improving the availability of resources greatly.
For example, customer is able to use computing resource
without any manual interaction with service provider as well
as whole resources that is intended to be uproot to the cloud
for the users. Thus, users can rent out any resource dynami-
cally without knowing the actual place of the resource lie [2].
The major challenge in cloud computing are virtualiza-
tion that is migrating of virtual machine (VM) and taking
intelligent decision over migrating time as critical challenge.
Selection of service and cloud path are another big issue in
cloud computing. For example, selection of optimal path to
a class of clouds that provide the same services with the rea-
sonable cost and selection of services in multiple selection
criteria should meet quality of service (QoS) requirements
of customer. Scheduling and load balancing are also known
to require reasonable solution in cloud computing. As for
allocation of resources and scheduling of task with limited
resources in cloud data center, it is demanded to balance load
to control response time at proper level.
As mentioned before, there are many performance metrics
that should be concerned in cloud computing. Consequently,
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since they are affected by various parameters which is not

correlated with each other, new model to evaluate impact
of respective parameters as well as integrate them in uni-
fied model is strongly required. For this goal, many existing
models can be applicable. Among them, fuzzy logic can be
the most feasible solution when it comes to depth, applica-
bility and low complexity. More detailed, fuzzy logic is a
problem solving methodology based on multivalued logic.
Fuzzy logic can model human mind through precise logi-
cal reasoning and provide reliable system between users and
cloud systems. Fuzzy logic looks similar to the way our brain
work. Some of the related essences of fuzzy logic are fuzzy
set, fuzzy rules, and linguistic [3]. Fuzzy set consist of collec-
tion of elements calculating unlikelihood in the set and has
various degree of membership varying from 0 to 1. Linguistic
variables represent values in words rather than number (e.g.
low, moderate, high). The rule base contains if then rules
which explain the operation of the controller.
According to proper applicability, many research works
employs the fuzzy logic in cloud computing to address men-
tioned research challenges. Even though there is one short
survey paper [4] which addresses the attributes of cloud
computing and research issue and provides example service
model for medical diagnostics using cloud computing with
fuzzy logic, it is not enough to provide collection of arti-
cles on a specific topic of fuzzy logic based cloud computing
Fig. 1 Layered structure of cloud computing
and attract high interest from the research community. To
defeat deficiency, in this paper, we present the state-of-the-art
approaches and their important features in fuzzy logic based Figure 1 visualizes the laminated structure of cloud. Vir-
cloud computing. We present the categorization and give an tualized resources are offered by IaaS on request. IaaS is the
overview of each scheme. Also, open issue is followed by lowest layer of cloud computing system as mentioned in [7].
summary and comparison of each category. Programmer can get platform for development of their own
The rest of the paper is organized as follow. In Sect. 2, we application at PaaS irrespective of how many memory and
describe the background of cloud and fuzzy logic. Research processor are needed [8]. SaaS mitigates the stress of soft-
work for fuzzy logic based cloud computing is presented ware maintenance of customers and ease development and
in Sects. 3, 4 and 5. Open issue will be given to future testing of provider [9,10].
research in following section. Finally, we make conclusion in In parallel with cloud computing, we address the overview
Sect. 7. of fuzzy logic. After being proposed by Zadeh in 1965, fuzzy
set theory, has been widely practiced to resolve the confusion
of human perception. It also efficiently resolves uncertainties
2 Fuzzy logic in cloud computing in possible information. Fuzzy logic is extensively applied
in application like image processing, data mining, network-
Cloud computing comes in the row of parallel, distributed ing and so on. General fuzzy controller consists of rule base,
and grid computing where information can be acquired from fuzzifier, inference system, and defuzzifier as shown in Fig. 2.
web browser by users according to their needs [5]. Varieties of While rule base contains set of rules which fuzzy control deci-
services are offered by cloud computing like storage, comput- sion is taken, fuzzifier converts numerical values into fuzzy
ing and communication infrastructure etc. Cloud computing values with the help of membership function. Inference sys-
services are categorized into three classes according to the tem applies the rules of the rule base and generates fuzzy
capability provided and service model [6]. conclusion. Fuzzy conclusion has been converted to single
numerical out with the help of defuzzifier. In distributed
1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) system, uncertainty exists at every step. Due to excellent
2. Platform as a service (PaaS) response of fuzzy logic to uncertainty and its logically rea-
3. Software as a service (SaaS) soning, fuzzy logic is widely applied in cloud computing.

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Fig. 2 General structure of
fuzzy logic control systems
Based on mentioned properties, we categorize the existing
fuzzy logic based cloud computing into three parts accord-
ing to its type of membership function. Since membership
function defines how each point in the input space is mapped
to a membership value between 0 and 1, a specific curve
is generally derived. According to shapes of membership
function, fuzzy inference system may be affected. So, usu-
ally they have different shapes such as Gaussian, triangular,
and trapezoidal. So, we choose this membership function
as the first level categorization. At each category, we divide
existing schemes into four different groups according to the
combination method. Instead the research work for cloud
computing is not completed by fuzzy logic; they combine
fuzzy logic with other model to achieve goal which includes
resource optimization, load balancing, scheduling and oth-
ers. The good example of cooperative schemes include first
come first service (FCFS), Different Evaluation, and analytic
hierarchy process (AHP) and so on. The brief introduction
for each model is summarized in Table 1.
According to their property, we make four groups,
that is, non-heuristic method, heuristic method, multi-
attribute decision model (MADM)/multi-criteria decision
model(MCDM), and hierarchical method. As a final, cate-
gorization of fuzzy based cloud computing is illustrated in
Fig. 3. From now, we explain their key objective and features.
3 Gaussian membership function based cloud
computing
Gaussian membership function is established by consider-
ing Gaussian function, developed by well know scientist
Carl Friedrich Gauss. Gauss function is harmony of expo-
nential and quadratic function opening downward. Fuzzy
model along the adoption of Gauss function are nonlinear.
The Gauss functions ease to achieve glossy, deliberately dif-
ferentiable hyper surface of Fuzzy model [58].
Gaussian membership function as shown in the Fig. 4
is used to represent uncertain, linguistic terms. Gaussian
membership function acquires lot of advantages due to its
smoothness [20]. The mathematical is expression is Gaus-
sian membership function is
−(x−C)2
f (x, α, C) = e 2α 2 (1)
where the parameter C is at the distance from center, α repre-
sent the width of the curve. The use of Gaussian membership
function by fuzzy logic in cloud computing are given below.
3.1 Non heuristic model based methods
Zulkar Nine et al. [21] modeled dynamic load balancing
algorithm based on fuzzy logic in cloud computing. When
new job arrives to Data Center (DC) controller, fuzzy active
monitoring load balancer (FAM-LB) brings suitable virtual
machine for the required resource of the request based on the
memory, disk space and bandwidth stature. Based on mem-
ory, bandwidth and disk space, FAM-LB revises the virtual
machine where next task is to be scheduled. The proposed
model makes prediction which VM will receive the coming
job but it did not calculate the requirement for the request to
achieve high level of trust.
Dynamic resource scheduling and system accessibility
play a vital role to improve the quality of cloud comput-
ing environment. The proposed method covers the limitation
up to some extent by calculating the relationship between
resources and the requirements for resource. More detailed,
a novel method called moving average based fuzzy resource
scheduling (MV-FRS) was suggested to optimize resources
scheduling in virtualized environment while considering
bandwidth, memory and processing cycle. The goal is to
reduce the total waiting time and enhance resource schedul-
ing efficiency. Reduction of total waiting time is achieved
by estimating the resources with the help of moving aver-
age method. In addition, the MV-FRS enhances the normal
achievement rate of the resources being assigned by resource
manager through employing Markov Decision method.
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Table 1 Summary of methods used with fuzzy logic in cloud computing

Method Explanation

First come first serve (FCFS)
Randomize round robin
Conventional round robin
Differential evolution (DE) [11]
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) [12,13]
Artificial bee colony/honey bee colony (ABC/HBC)
[14]
Technique for order of preference by similarity to
ideal solution (TOPSIS) [15]
Simple additive weighting (SAW) [16]
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) [17]
VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno
Resenje (VIKOR) [18]
Gray rational analysis (GRA) [19]
It is mentioned as first in first severe. It is policy that entertains the requester in the order
they arrived. The entire requests which are waiting for their turn for processing are in
queue. This policy is extensively employed for scheduling
It is the improved version of round robin by selecting the process randomly in case
different tasks come
It assigns fixed time slice to each process in a circular fashion where performance is
evaluated according to the size of the time slice
DE gets optimization of problem by iterative procedure. In DE, few or no supposition
are considered initially to optimize the problem.
Particle Swarm Optimization optimizes the problem over a few number of iteration.
Group of variables adjusts their values to the variable whose updated value is closest to
the target value in any iteration
ABC is the latest algorithm developed according to the behavior of honey bees swarms
TOPSIS is based on the selection of alternative that has less distance from Positive Ideal
Solution (PIS). In TOPSIS each Criteria has been evaluated against certain criteria
SAW is a one of multi-attribute decision model (MADM) technique based on the
weighted average. Evaluation score is calculated for every alternative by multiplying
scaled value that is assigned to the alternative followed by adding the product of all
criteria
AHP is effective tool to deal with the complexity since it reduces complexity with
iterative pairwise comparison. Initially AHP divides the problem into hierarchy, each
of which will be analyzed separately
It is one of the most applicable multi-attribute decision model developed by Serafim
Opricovic to resolve problem having conflicting and different standards for
measurement. VIKOR mark the alternate and conclude the that it is the nearest ideal
GRA has the ability to solve the problem having complicated interrelationship among
multiple attributes. GRA unifies the total available performance attributes values and
consider for each alternate into single value

Moreover, Priya et al. [22] design Max Min Fuzzy infer-
ence to improve resource scheduling as discussed. In the
proposed model, they ignore qualitative attributes to mea-
sure QoS of the suggested scheme further. Prediction and
optimization occur collectively whichever there is need to
create confusion in certain cases.
In order to improve the availability and response of the vir-
tualized DC, an online dynamic scheduling algorithm [23] is
proposed to build excellent tradeoff between major objec-
tives, that is, load balancing and prediction. The proposed
scheme can receive multi-class tasks characterized by their
specific arrival rates, service time and availability require-
ments. Availability fuzzy predictor calculates the availability
of virtual execution unit (VEU), by using hardware, virtual
machine monitor (VMM), and VM in Type I fuzzy logic
system. Load balance fuzzy predictor forecasts the load sit-
uation using auto regression, and type II fuzzy logic system
considering processing capacity and workload as parameters
of each VEU.
Venkatesa et al. [24] introduce new mechanism using
neural network with fuzzy logic to observe the impact of
the same input as the previous work like bandwidth, CPU
utilization and size, to map resources for cloud services.
Initially the tasks are classified based on the above men-
tion criterion. Neural network will take decision to assign
the system resources for the upcoming tasks based on con-
verted input data from the fuzzification. Genetic algorithm
is employed to align the user requests with the available sys-
tem resources in fuzzy neural network. The proposed model
outperforms in smaller system as compared to the large
one.
3.2 Multicriteria decision model based methods
Srimannarayana Gran et al. [25] map the performance assess-
ment of cloud service provider as a multi trait cooperative
judgment making problems. And, it shows a fuzzy multi
attribute collective decision making model for efficiently
handling the performance assessment issues of cloud server’
providers. The membership function in interval rather than
single value to avoid vagueness reduces cognitive demand on
the decision making process. Interval-valued fuzzy numbers
are applied on four criteria cost, that is, scalability, adaptabil-
ity, service response time and suitability. Distance between

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Fig. 3 Categorization of research work for fuzzy logic based cloud computing

positive ideal and negative ideal is computed through Haus- scheme employed neuro-fuzzy for prediction the resource
dorff metric. usage, whether the resources are underutilized or overloaded
Mya and Thein [61] suggest a scheme to deal with Vir- as neuro- fuzzy have the capability to reasoning and learning
tual machine load prediction and migration. The suggested in vague situation. Checking the consistency of the weights of

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along complexity of virtualized DC and dynamically chang-

Fig. 4 Gaussian membership function
criteria is done by AHP whereas Fuzzy TOPSIS is applying
for alternate ranking.
3.3 Hierarchical model based methods
Two level resource management system is proposed with
local and global controller at virtual container level and
resource pool level, respectively. The proposed hierarchical
fuzzy logic system [26] consists of following parameters, per-
formance efficiency, cost of communication between VMs
and total power. To handle the uncertainty and robustness,
ing loads, fuzzy logic is used in the controller. The local
controller is attempting to cut down the resource consump-
tion to minimize the resource cost fulfilling service level
agreement (SLA) of its client. On the other hand, the global
controller tries to enlarge its own profit. Workload, applica-
tion performance and resource usage of the virtual container
are the building block of fuzzy modeling and inference func-
tions in local resource controller.
Niyati et al. [27] Presented gaussian membership func-
tion based Hierarchical fuzzy logic to estimate the services
in cloud. Considering fourteen attributes hierarchical fuzzy
system scheme called hierarchical fuzzy system semantic
web application as a service (HFS-SWAaaS) for quality mea-
surement of semantic web based application delivered as
service on cloud. The proposed scheme knobs the multiplic-
ity of quality attributes. It also holds unique quality attributes
of Semantic Web Applications(SWAs) which is inferable
from its service and in addition semantics. The output values
obtained from low level fuzzy system are considered as input
to the next level of system.
In summary, we illustrates thee comparison of the method
cooperating with fuzzy logic with Gaussian membership
function in Table 2.

Table 2 Gaussian membership function based fuzzy cloud computing

Ref. Cloud service Method Decision parameter Correlation Objective Technique
layer

[21] Iaas Non Bandwidth, disk Round robin LB, Predict efficient virtual Fuzzy active
heuristic space, memory min-min LB, active machine monitoring load
monitor LB balancer (FAM-LB)
[22] Cloud Non Resource requirements Collaborative cloud Reducing total waiting Moving average fuzzy
computing heuristic (bandwidth, computing time, improving resource scheduling
memory, CPU) harmony(CCC-H), resource scheduling (MA-FRS)
hollaborative load efficiency
management protocol
(CProtocol)
[23] IaaS Non Hardware Min-Min scheduling Performance and Scheduling algorithm
heuristic components, virtual and suffrage availability based on load balance
machine monitor, scheduling algorithm requirements of SLA and availability fuzzy
virtual machine, (ART, Satisfaction prediction (SALAF)
CPU process queue Percentage)
length, memory
[24] Cloud Non Bandwidth, memory Berger model Improve completion time Fuzzy neural network
computing heuristic and expected time of task, efficient
bandwidth utilization
[25] – MCDM – Interval-valued Performance evaluation Fuzzy multi attribute
intuitionist fuzzy of cloud computing group decision
numbers provider making algorithm
[26] – Heuristic Number of dynamic Ideal situation High quality of service Two level resource
request with lower resource management system
allocation cost using fuzzy modeling
(throughput achieve)

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Fig. 5 Triangular membership function
4 Triangular membership function based cloud
computing
Straight line functions are generally attractive through its
candor. Triangular function comes in this category. Fewer
amounts of data are desired to define the membership func-
tion. Triangular membership function may be characterized
as threefold numbers [59]. A triangular membership function
is shown in Fig. 5 and is described by three parameters α, β
and γ , given in the mathematical expression.
   
x −α γ −x
f (x, α, β, γ ) = max min , ,0 (2)
β −α γ −β
The values of α and γ , locates at the minimum and whereas
β does the peak position of the triangle [28]. Fuzzy logic
model using triangular membership function in cloud com-
puting are given.
4.1 Non heuristic model based methods
In [29], Srimannarayana et al., suggested fuzzy based round
robin load balanced algorithm in VM of cloud computing.
Fuzzification process considers processor speed and load on
VM as input parameter in order to generate balanced load.
This is further needed for inference system. The efficiency is
improved by minimizing the processing time of data center
(DC). Moreover, response time is reduced as compared to
conventional round robin algorithm.
To perform better scheduling for VM, Amin et al. [30]
present fuzzy based scheduling algorithm. The fuzzy con-
troller enforces two variables as input i.e., number of request
in host and consider a task having highest order from each
VM. The request number is named as AGE whereas task
Precedence as PREC. VM id is produced by fuzzy controller
which will be assigned to host. It reveals better results rather
than RR and FCFS in term of time (reduce in completion).
However, the authors ignore the drastically changed request
and the impact of proposed scheme. To overcome the above
issues, dynamic resource allocation for VM in cloud is crit-
ical to ensure provision execution and decrease operating
cost. Dorian and Bernd [31] proposed a solution to support
VM in assigning resources operating on physical machine
in the cloud environment. To support scalability for huge
amount of VMs, multi agent fuzzy controller is introduced
for assigning resources to a distinct VM. To observe perfor-
mance cost for VM in cloud, experimental comparison multi
agent fuzzy controller, fuzzy controller and state of the art
adaptive optimal control approach are considered. But, they
fail to calculate whether the allocated resources fulfill the
requirements of the user and ignore nonoperational parame-
ters in the system.
Zhijia et al. [32] presented a scheme that has the ability
to consider attributes which are not commonly taken into
account like system friendliness. The suggested dynamic
resource scheduling scheme established on fuzzy theory sat-
isfies numerous consumers’ demands and educated system
to predict consumers’ fuzzy requests. The suggested scheme
assigns appropriate resources to the user’s requests using
fuzzy control model. Before assigning resources to the user’s
requests, estimation of resources has been determined in the
prediction layer which followed by completing calculation
of resource availability and resource requirements. Fluctu-
ating criterion is sent through feedback control to optimize
resource allocation model. FCFS queue is ratifying to man-
age multiuser tasks. Fuzzy control takes decision of scale up
or scale down on the basis of tasks requirements for resources
and available resources.
4.2 Heuristic model based methods
In [33], Luca et al. studied the issues of cloud application
managementand suggest fuzzy controller for allocation of
VM correlated to the cloud application. Its goal is to achieve
minimum amount of physical capacity desired to accommo-
date application service level objective. Proposed controller
shows improvement in quality of service and in minimizing
energy consumption. RUBiS application is controlled with
the proposed fuzzy Q&E model in the real test bed and com-
pared with DynaQoS to shows better results. Considering
memory and disk space along with different application, the
performance may vary with the suggested model.
Heuristic Fuzzy logic based triangular membership func-
tion is applied to optimize the cost of renewable energy
consumption in cloud DC. The proposed model diminishes
the cost without prior to judgment of forthcoming elec-
tricity rate, availability of renewable energy and upcoming
workload. Average price of electricity, usage of renewable
energy and volume of brown energy consumption in DC
within a certain time window of recent past are considers
as input by fuzzy inference engine. The upcoming requests
are handled with FCFS model. Adel and Rajkumar Buyya
[34], presented Mamdani fuzzyinference system with cen-
troid of area defuzzification having triangular member ship
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function. Fuzzy logic based load balancing (FLB) figures
out the appropriateness of all DC’s and routes the new
request to the highest degree of suitable DC. Fatimeh et
al. [35] apply fuzzy particle swarm optimization (FPSO) to
remove inured obstruction of VM mapping in cloud com-
puting and minimize the power consumption. The suggested
FPSO is intended to identify optimum PMs over which VM
are mapped, and improve resource utilization by minimizing
power consumption and reducing VM transfer.
Christian et al. [36] investigate the issues of service selec-
tion for storage in cloud computing, in particular, fuzzy
concept is adopted to stem the subjective imprecise prefer-
ences of user for the sought QoS level. The selection issue is
cleared up with fuzzy inference and Dempster Shafer theory
to build a selection about the finest service matching the user
requirements. Distributed formulas are suggested in order to
get optimum results in a more efficient way. Vickrey, Clarke
and Groves (VCG) is applied on the solution to endorse the
truth telling ones among the active service provider. The pro-
posed scheme gives attention to one user at a time and grants
only one service to fulfill the requirements.
Simple additive weighting (SAW) scheme Saripalli et al.
to figure out and give preference to the cloud computing ser-
vices in an organization was described in [37]. Cloud decision
maker (DM) assigns points to each cloud computing service
and aggregated score decision for selection occurs among
the existing cloud computing services. Multiple attribute
decision methodology for adoption of clouds (MADMAC)
conducts for each decision area (DA), respectively. It needs
the definition of attributes, attributes importance, and alter-
natives to develop decision matrix. And, it arrives at a relative
positioning to establish the optimal alternative. Attributes are
considered in a hierarchy fashion by having six main crite-
ria that is subdivided into twenty seven. Wide band Delphi
method is suggested to determine (a) relative weight of each
attribute, (b) rate of cost/benefit for each attribute.
Boominathan and Aramudhan [62] apply firefly colony in
data center. The objective is to minimized physical machine
in use in the form of server consolidation and virtual machine
placement to decrease the wastage of resources. Reducing
physical machine aim is to minimize the power consumption
of data center, as compared to Ant colony, max-min Ant
system and first fit decreasing heuristic the Suggested scheme
out perform.
4.3 Hierarchical model based methods
Chenhao and Rajkumar [38] adopted fuzzy interface system
to evaluate the trust of cloud services according to user’s
fuzzy demands and service vigorous performance to expe-
dite service selection. To scope the appropriateness of cloud
as their acceptable degree to a particular user’s demands is
based on their preceding performance. Membership function
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is engaged to capture user’s abstract requirements and desire
to disparate QoS criteria’s followed by hierarchical fuzzy
inference system to delivered trust degree.
Seyedeh et al. [39] apply hierarchal fuzzy using triangu-
lar membership to handle the complexity of VM migration.
Power consumption, workload of the nodes, temperature, and
availability have a great impact on ranking the promising
physical machine for a migrating VM. Hierarchical fuzzy
logic system generally works in two tiers. calculating PM
rank on the basis of serving conditions, computation of PM
rank on the basis of communication cost, and computation
of PM rank based on power consumption act as three facet
of First tier whereas fuzzy decision controller is functioned
in the later tier.
4.4 Muliticriteria model based methods
To evaluate the QoS of Wb Services, Chi et al. [40] presented
fuzzy TOPSIS that helps service consumers’ and providers
to figure out available web services. The weights of crite-
ria is represented by linguistics variables of triangular fuzzy
number, which can be molded to crips numbers using graded
mean integration representation method. Minkowski distance
function is used to find out positive ideal solution (PIS) and
negative ideal solution (NIS) of each alternative web service.
As the number of user increases the proposed fuzzy TOP-
SIS method is efficient opposite to Huang’s work, Similarity
aggregation method (SAM). Huaming et al. in [41] proposed
AHP and TOPSIS to find the optimum path for cloud offload-
ing, AHP is combined with fuzzy TOPSIS. Six criteria are
considered for cloud path selection. AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS
working together provide good result for selecting most suit-
able path while considering multiple criteria simultaneously.
The decision hierarchies are composed on three layers: target
layer, criteria layer, and decision layer as described.
Similarly, an extensive variety of criteria is utilized to
evaluate the nature of distributed computing administrations.
These vast majority criteria have associated or intelligent
attributes which can make it hard to successfully break down
and increment utilization goals of cloud computing admin-
istrations. Hybrid fuzzy MCDM is adopted that incorporate
fuzzy DEMATEL, Fuzzy DANP and Fuzzy VIKOR method
to enhance benefit level and accomplish the objective of
meeting user level requirements in fuzzy environment. Deci-
sion making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)
[42] accomplish to construct a fuzzy scope influential net-
work relationship map (FSINRM), fuzzy DANP conclude the
influence weights of the criteria, followed by fuzzy VIKOR
that perform calculation, to figure out the difference of the
desired level of service delivery. The main focus on study
from the provider side is to consider the consumer side QoS
parameters clearly. Hamzeh et al. [43] studied the problem
of evaluating and selecting cloud services according to trust
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criteria, hybrid fuzzy modified VIKOR method is applied to
achieve minimum cost and high performance. Fuzzy modi-
fied VIKOR method has the capability to solve multi-criteria
decision entanglements including contradictory and contrast-
ing criteria. Such procedure can help cloud service requester
(CSR) to choose which cloud service provider (CSP) can
meet their trust necessities before handing-off application,
files and information to cloud. Nine step sequential proce-
dures is designed with hybrid fuzzy and modified VIKOR
method based on five decision maker having fifteen criteria.
When it comes to consider consumer based QoS criteria,
Masoumeh et al. [44] presented a new framework to solve the
service selection problem of cloud services, based on trian-
gular fuzzy logic. For more reliability, third party put-upon
to gather the data from published information of cloud ser-
vice providers, user feedback, monitoring tool information
and user claimed priority. Fuzzy control module converts lin-
guistic weights of parameters to the triangular fuzzy numbers
and QoS modeling layer designed the most valuable criteria,
their liaison, and measuring the QoS needs to usable service
configuration. To avoid exaggerated data of service capa-
bility published by cloud service provider on cloud service
repository is designed while containing data of cloud ser-
vice provider in standard format. Chinu and Sakshi in [45]
apply AHP for Service selection, that only analyzes, ranks
and selects the service to fulfill the requirements of end user.
Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) comes in a class of
multi decision making approach. To contend uncertainty and
complexity issue in cloud path selection, FAHP is employed
to get optimal results considering five attributes as criteria.
Among them, speed and availability criteria play a vital role
to attain less execution time and minimum overhead.
Tarighi et al. [46] investigate the use of MCDM in service
selection of cloud computing, Fuzzy TOPSIS is also applied
in hierarchical fashion to migrate VM between cluster nodes.
Three types of programs are operated simultaneously in the
scheme. Supervisor program has the responsibility to observe
usage of physical servers as well as find overloaded nodes. At
the time of predicament level, two programs will be activated
to migrate VM automatically. The decision is taken on the
basis of CPU usage, network utilization, RAM usage and
multiple resources of nodes heavily utilized.
Table 3 shows the comparison of the methods used with the
fuzzy logic in different domain of cloud computing aiming
to different objectives.
5 Trapezoidal membership function based cloud
computing
As previously mention straight line function are usually con-
sidered because of its simplicity and ease to use. Trapezoidal
function also comes in this category as triangular. Due to its
clarity and computational effectiveness trapezoidal member-
ship function is widely used in image processing, distributed
system etc. the function consist of straight, due to which
trapezoidal function have lack of smooth corners [60]. As
we discussed from mathematical point of view, we can get
different shapes of membership function. Trapezoidal mem-
bership function depends on four parameters α, β, γ and θ
[28]. Mathematical expression is given below.
   
x −α θ−x
f (x, α, β, γ , θ ) = max min , 1, , 0 (3)
β −α θ −γ
α and θ locate at the lowest position whereas β and γ do at
the shoulders. Figure 6 graphically shows trapezoidal mem-
bership function. In the below section, we discuss detail use
of trapezoidal membership function based fuzzy logic with
existing methods in cloud computing in different applica-
tions.
5.1 Non heuristic model based methods
To enable load efficient data center in cloud computing,
Jaiganesh and Vincent in [47] presented fuzzy expert sys-
tem. Three main stimulation of DC are act decision variables,
namely, bandwidth, memory and CPU frequency, which
result in load efficient DC. The variables of the analysis are
calibrated into three tiers. In the proposed scheme, there is
no such module to equalize the incoming request from the
consumer. Different types of resource are created to cate-
gorize cloud resources at the service level of user. Wang
et al. [48] designed Cost based fuzzy clustering algorithm
by accompanying four scheduling algorithms to analyze the
jobs submitted by the user. In fuzzy clustering model (FCM),
weight factor is introduced to scale the interval between class
center and resource point. Resource clustering depends on
User Service Level (USL). And, its service categorization
is in gold, silver and copper. Dispatching resource (DR),
schedules parallel jobs using FCFS, small job first first served
(SJFS), large job first served (LJFS), and adoptive first come
first served (AFCFS). Performance is ascertained consid-
ering average response time (ART), average waiting time
(AWT), and Average running time of algorithm.
Te jen Su et al. [49] considered trapezoidal member-
ship function in fuzzy logic to adjust the working hours
of electrical appliances automatically. Fuzzy based power
monitoring system is designed in cloud environment. Power
monitoring module predicts the voltage and current of indi-
vidual electrical device and sends the data to host server
over Ethernet. Sever contains monitoring and control inter-
face that uses fuzzy logic to observed the on-off state of the
electrical devices. Using min-max fuzzy interface rule and
weighted average for de-fuzzification taking humidity and
temperature, the system proposed generates working time of
123
 Table 3 Triangular membership function based fuzzy cloud computing
Ref. Cloud service Method Decision parameter Correlation Objective Technique
layer

123
[21] IaaS Non heuristic Bandwidth, disk space and Round Robin LB, Min-Min Predict efficient virtual machine Fuzzy active monitoring load
memory LB, Active monitor LB balancer (FAM-LB)
[23] IaaS Non heuristic Hardware components, virtual Min-Min scheduling and Performance and availability Scheduling algorithm based on
machine monitor, virtual suffrage scheduling requirements of SLA (ART, load balance and availability
machine, CPU process queue algorithm Satisfaction Percentage) fuzzy prediction (SALAF)
length, memory
[29] IaaS Non heuristic Processing speed and virtual Conventional Round Robin Minimize processing and response Fuzzy based Round Robin (FRR)
machine load time
[30] IaaS Non heuristic No. of VM request sent to the host First come first serve Round Virtual machine Id assign to host Fuzzy scheduling
(AGE), and task precedence run Robin (suitable VM)
on VM (PREC)
[31] Cloud Non heuristic Value of change in utility and Centralized fuzzy controller Optimized utility function Multi agent fuzzy controller
change in resource allocation (FC), adaptive optimal (performance, cost)
control (OPC)
[36] Data center Heuristic Availability, reliability and latency, Dempster shafer theory and To store data in DC by providing best Fuzzy set theory with
security fuzzy interface storage service provider in Dempster-Shafer and TOPSIS
uncertainty, fulfilling the customer
requirement
[37] – Heuristic Benefit, cost, and non-monotonic – Improve cloud adaptation involving multiple attribute decision
attributes. multiple conflicting criteria methodology for adoption of
clouds (MADMAC)
[39] – Hierarchical Workload, availability, AppAware Algorithm VM migration to the appropriate PM Hierarchical fuzzy logic structure
communication cost, power with reducing communication cost for ranking potential destination
consumption(8) and improving performance of PM(HFLSRPM)
efficiency
[41] – MCDM Band width, price, speed, security, – Selection of an optimal cloud path in AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS
availability cloud offloading systems
[42] – MCDM New business, reduce time – Adaptation of cloud service avoiding Hybrid Fuzzy MCDM
performance, security. (12) interdependence and feed back
problems
[43] – MCDM Data ownership, Security, – To minimize the trust uncertainty Fuzzy modified VIKOR
sustainability(15) between cloud service provider
(CSR) and Cloud service requester
(CSR)
[45] – MCDM Speed, availability, privacy, – Selection of cloud for offloading data Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
Capacity, cost with less execution time and (FAHP)
minimum overhead
[46] – MCDM CPU, RAM usage QoS(5) – Relocation of overloaded VM Hierarchical Fuzzy TOPSIS
[49] Cloud Non heuristic Pro speed, que length, pro power, Randomize Round Robin, Average response time and through put Two level fuzzy algorithm (Fuzzy)
computing Avg que length Round Robin
Cluster Comput
Cluster Comput
Fig. 6 Trapezoidal membership function
electrical devices. Smart phones and other communicating
devices can schedule electrical devices remotely.
5.2 Heuristic model based methods
HBC with the use of fuzziness is applied to access different
services from cloud infrastructure. In suggested framework,
Hadoop framework is placed on the top and having four main
components which have different specific job user interface,
authentication check, computational web service mapping,
and job scheduler. It can be accessed by light weight comput-
ers, mainframes, supercomputers and so on. Idle commodity
systems are used to optimize and enhance the cost/benefit
analysis of cloud computing. Fuzzy Bee Colony in [50] is
applied to compute the difference among different type of ser-
vices and satisfaction of user demands. The proposed model
improves performance and reduces overhead over the sys-
tems as presented.
While considering the application of heuristic based fuzzy
logic to balance load in DC. Uma and Sangeev [51] presented
glowworm swarm optimization (GSO). The model is to bal-
ance load onto different VMs of DC in public cloud in terms
of cost and time. Fuzzy logic and global swarm optimization
are deploy in a switch mechanism manner to balance load in
VM. Fuzzy logic is operated during idle state where as GSO
does in the normal status. Load of VM and processor speed
are taken to produce better results to equalize the load of vir-
tual machine. The proposed scheme does not show whether
the need of resources is changed after assigning. Similarly,
Fahimeh et al. [52] studied resource handling in IaaS Cloud.
The proposed scheme is divided into have two main modules,
resource monitor and decision making. To handle uncertainty
in the resources, fuzzy Bayesian network puts into action.
Mohammad Alaul et al. [53] take the energy consumption
issue into account in parallel with quality of service during
VM migration from one host to another. Fuzzy logic based
VM consolidation method is employed to establish harmony
of energy and QoS. The said scheme is based on three types
of algorithm, (1) core flow of virtual machine consolidation,
(2) identification of less loaded VMs, and (3) overloaded
detection algorithm to identify highly loaded hosts. Consider-
ing minimum migration time (MMT), maximum correlation
(MC) and steady resource consuming VMs as input by fuzzy
logic system in the suggested scheme.
5.3 Muliticriteria decision model based methods
To enhance the resource evaluation, Boom et al. [54] intro-
duced fuzzy logic for the dynamic service placement and
replication (DSPR). DSPR is self-management framework
that performs as the middle-ware for cloud computing
resources and use. The end goal is to permit DSPR to reg-
ulate high level instruction through fuzzy logic. Two steps
procedure defines the policies and preference using FIS. Ini-
tially, range is set to the input variable, followed by level of
acceptance that is characterized by way of production rule of
FIS. Fuzzy logic based DSPR enhances service availability
at the occurrence of multiple continuous deterioration.
5.4 Hierarchical model based methods
To handle the problem of power consumption, Pooyan et al.
[55] present new electricity controller, named RobusT2Scale,
addresses the issue of parameter’s value prediction time,
qualitative specification of thresholds, and robust control of
uncertainty. Intention of the controlled elasticity is to raise
and reduce resources to meet the SLO. The proposed scheme
is vigorous to noisy data, which are collected based on user
side application level measurements. Fuzzy sets and rules
of the controller are accountable for managing the elasticity
reasoning. Rules in the elasticity reasoning receive multiple
input to construct output. Trapezoidal membership function
is created for workload and response time. Results are col-
lected by introducing PaaS services of the cloud.
Trapezoidal membership function based on hierarchical
method is applicable to minimize the power consumption.
Mohammad Alaul et al. [56], consider minimum migration
time, correlation and migration control metric for steady
resources consuming VM. It takes input variable for the
model using fuzzy logic along with VM selection. The pro-
posed model provides acceptable result in term of minimum
power consumption and less SLA violation as compared to
the existing methods. Muhammad ali et al. [57] present two
set fuzzy approaches are suggested. In first step, fuzzy is used
to figure out level of the load at cluster while considering pro-
cessing speed and queue length of the nodes. Moreover, in
the next step, second level fuzzy approach is used for load
equilibrium at cloud by taking processing speed and average
queue length of cluster.
The detail comparisons of the methods with fuzzy logic
having Trapezoidal membership function are given in the
Table 4.
123
123
Table 4 Trapezoidal membership function based fuzzy cloud computing
Ref. Cloud service layer Method Decision parameter Correlation Objective Technique

[36] Data center Heuristic Availability, reliability and Dempster-shafer theory and fuzzy To store data in DC by providing Fuzzy Set theory with
latency, security interface best storage service provider in Dempster-Shafer and TOPSIS
uncertainty, fulfilling the
customer Requirements
[47] Data center Non heuristic Bandwidth, memory, CPU HPL (LINKPACK Scheme) Optimization of data center load Data Center Load efficiency (DCLE)
cycles(Utilization)
[50] – Heuristic – Web service with one processor, Single objective (reduce Honey bee colony with fuzziness
one processor with agent, and overhead)
entirely four processors
[51] Public cloud Heuristic VM load and processing speed Round Robin Minimize processing and Fuzzy and GSO (Fuzzy with swarm
response time in term of cost optimization)
and time
[53] Data center Heuristic Minimum migration time, Dempster-shafer theory and Fuzzy To reduce energy consumption Fuzzy Virtual Machine Selection
correlation, migration control interface and minimum SLA violation Method (MMSD_FS)
matrix
[54] – MCDM Availability, cost, performance – Selection of best machines from Dynamic service placement and
resource pool to meet the Replication (DSPR)
requirements of service
[56] – Hierarchical Minimum migration time, Combination of 5 Built in overload VM selection and migration Fuzzy VM selection with migration
correlation, migration control detection algorithms and three control to minimize the power control
metric for steady resource built in VM selection algorithm consumption with minimum
consuming WM (Cloud Sim) SLA violation
[57] Cloud Hierarchical Pro speed, queue length, pro Randomize Round Robin, Round Average response time and Two level fuzzy algorithm (Fuzzy)
power, average queue length Robin through put
Cluster Comput
Cluster Comput
6 Research challenges
Even though respectable amount of research has been con-
ducted in fuzzy based cloud computing by addressing the
significance of fuzzy and suggesting new solution to the prob-
lem in cloud computing, we still have some issues that need
to be address in further studies.
• Virtualization is to enhance the utilization of resources
and minimize the operation cost in DCs of clouds. Dif-
ferent type of input parameters are taken to achieve the
above mention objective, but we need to consider the
complete application running on the higher layer of VM
for choosing the appropriate physical machine for host-
ing those VM. It allows the possibility to consider the
communication reliance between VM in multiple level
enterprise utilization and the fundamental DC network
topology and maximum limits of physical machine in
the DC.
• Various fuzzy VM migration methods exist for migrat-
ing VM to minimize the energy consumption. Currently,
cloudSim is used as general framework to prove the suit-
ability of models. We need to evaluate these models with
other type of application keeping uncertain workload
environment.
• Extensive research will be conducted to virtual machine
migration where all the models are applied in single
cloud. That is, migrating the of VM occurs among the
DCs of a specific cloud, we need to redesign the algo-
rithm that can applied in inter-cloud to solve the migration
problems.
• Different models are developed to overcome the uncer-
tainty and complexity between cloud service provider and
cloud service user regarding services suitability. Differ-
ent types of attributes are considered for different models.
Extensive research is required to overcome the mismatch
problems that may occur between cloud service provider
and user and expert technique are required to evaluate the
complete quality model.
• Majority of research using fuzzy logic is conducted in
the area of resource optimization, scheduling, and service
dependability in cloud computing, But, they have ignored
the area of data storage and security in cloud computing
using fuzzy logic. Deep research is required to overcome
the problems in data storage and security.
7 Conclusion
In this study, we focused on use of fuzzy logic in cloud
computing with different membership function and with dif-
ferent type of methods. We describe the fuzzy logic based
on their membership function with different type of meth-
ods. We compare several methods by reviewing the exist
literature. Different kind of domains have been selected the
use of fuzzy logic in cloud computing and discussed in the
points of advantage and limitation. Moreover, different meth-
ods, heuristic, non-heuristic, MCDM, and hierarchical which
usually operates together, are compared. In the end we dis-
cuss some open issues and challenges which will aid new
researchers in selecting research directions.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by Basic Science
Research Program through the National Research Foundation of
Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (Grant no. NRF-
2015R1D1A3A01019680) and “Human Resources Program in Energy
Technology” of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation
and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource from the Ministry of
Trade, Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea (No. 20174030201440).
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1155/2016/6734161

Bashir Hayat received BCS

(Hons) degree from University
of Peshawar, MS from Sha-
heed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Insti-
tute of Science and Technol-
ogy (SZABIST) Islamabad and
enrolled as a Ph.D. researcher
at Gyeongsang National Univer-
sity, Real Time System (RTS)
Lab, Jinju, South Korea. His
research interests include Cloud
computing, Fog Computing, reso-
urce and energy optimization.

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