Loi gidi thiéu
Trong cdc ky thi tiéng Anh, thi sinh thuong phai viét mét hay nhiéu bai luan
dé danh gid kha nang sir dung ngén ngit. Day 1a mét phan. thi thuong gay
kh6 khan cho thi sinh vi khong chi danh gid trinh do théng thao ngén ngit
ma con kiém tra kién thite va kha nang suy luan, dién gidi van dé cia thi
sinh vé mét cha dé nao dé.
Neudi hoc chi cé thé viét thudn thyc mét bai ludn hay mot 1a thy tiéng
Anh khi da trai qua mot qué trinh luyén tap Jau dai voi nhiing ti ligu huéng
dan cy thé, khoa hoc. Quyén séch "136 Best Model Essays — Cac Bai
Luan Mau Hay Nhat’ nay, voi cdc bai luan thuc té trong nhiéu tinh hudng
sinh dng khdc nhau, sé cung cap cho ngudi hoc khong chi cdc bai mau ma
con trinh bay nhimng cach thir va bi quyét dé viét mét bai ludn hode mét 14
thir theo mét cht dé cy thé, nho dé gitip hoc vién cé thé 4p dung, didu chinh
va viét g Anh m6t c4ch ty tin hon.
Cac dé tai vidt trong sdéch ag cap dén nhiéu linh vuc khdc nhau cia cudc
séng nhu thuong mai, chinh tri, x4 hi, khoa hoc, ng6n ngit, nzhé thuat, hoc
tap, vui choi giai tri...
Dé gitip ngudi hoc ty rén luyén cho minh mt théi quen va phong cach
viét, ching t6i chi dich song ngtr mot 86 bai tiéu biéu dé gidi thigu. Cac bai
sau, chting t6i chi tom luge dan bai va chti giai tir khé dé hoc vién ty luyén
tap.
Trong lan cap nhat nay, ching t6i cung cdp thém mot sé théng tin co ban
vé bai thi viet cia hai ky thi tiéng Anh quan trong hién nay 14 TOEFL va
JELTS. Dong thoi dé gidp sngudi hoc lam quen véi hai dang bai thi nay,
chiing t6i cé dua vao mét sé bai Iuan mau va dé bai dé hoc vién tham khao
thém.
Chiing t6i tin tuéng ring cudn séch nay sé 14 mét tai ligu tra ctu hitu ich
va cn thiét cho cdc ban hoc sinh, sinh vién va nhitng ngudi dang lim viéc
trong cdc linh vyc lién quan dén tiéng Anh.
BAN BIEN DICH FIRST NEWS
eSPHUONG PHAP VIET BAI LUAN
1. Tam quan trong cua bai luan viét
Bai luan viét 1a hinh thirc higu qua nhat trong, sé cdc dang bai tap lam van
nham dénh gid su tié b6 cia hoc vién vé tinh d6 tiéng Anh. Dé viét mot
bai ludn hay, ngudi viét phai hiéu rd chu dé cing nhu biét céch sip xép
va trinh | bay cdc su kién theo m6t trinh ty logic. Hon nita phai dién dat
quan diém, tinh cam, y tuong, nhan thirc r6 rang, mach lac va hap din
bén canh van phong truyén cam, Tat ca ddi hdi kién thisc tir vung ving
chic, trf twong tugng phong phi va cach dién dat rd rang, linh hoat. Vi
thé viéc tham khao nghiém téc nhimg cuén séch chon loc 1a rat cdn thiét,
vi nhimng kién thite hoc hoi khai théc duge tir nhiing tac pham hay déu
gop phan phat trién kha nang bién luan, tu duy va viét lich & mét mite 49
nao dé.
Kha nang viet luan khéng chi quan trong trong thi ctr ma con hién
quan dén nhiéu van dé c4 nhan. Phai thira nhan rang chting ta dang séng
trong mot thé giGi ma théng tin van ban, vi du nher thu tir, d6ng vai tro
rat quan trong. Ngay nay, méi mét ngwdi dan c6 trinh a6 van héa déu
phai biét viét. Kha nang doc viét that su quan trong trong cuéc séng hién
dai. Su nghiép co thanh céng hay khéng con tiy thudc vao kha nang
truyén dat trong Khi néi va viét. Vi vay moi hoc vién nén hay thudng
xuyén thyc hanh viét luan vé nhiéu chu dé khéc nhau dé phat trién kha
nang viét van tri chay va linh hoat.
2. Nhieng chu y khi lam van
Mot trong nhang diém mau chét 46 vidt ludn tét 1a y tuéng chung vé mot
48 thi cu thé. Neu ngudi viét khong c6 nhimg ¥ tong gid tri, bai ludn
chac chin sé nghéo nan. Hon nia, néu duge miéu ta, dién dat khéo léo
thi cdc sy viéc binh thudng cing sé tré nén th vi. Tuy nhién, diéu quan
trong nhat IA c4u vin phai ro rang, khéng qué hoa my.
Su dién dat rd rang phu thudéc vao. su mach lac cla y tudng. Thong
thuong, chi khi da trai nghiém qua mot diéu gi d6 ri thi ngudi ta mdi cé
y twéng chinh xdc vé ‘nO. Vi vay trong bai tho, hoc sinh nén chon dé tai
minh yéu thich va biét ré hoac mét dé tdi khéu ggi tu duy hay viét vé
kinh nghiém cé nhan.
7_Trong gid hoe va trong céc ky thi, cdc 48 tai duoc dura ra dé kiém tra
kién thie cua ngudi viet. Tuy nhién nhu vay khong cé nghia 1a hoc vién
chi can biét rd dé tai minh chon 1a du. Quan trong hon, ngudi viét phai
dién dat sy viée bang ng6n ngtt don gian, hap dan, 6 higu luc. Vi vay
nén chon cho minh mét dé tai phi hgp, va néu cd thé, nén viét vé kinh
nghiém riéng trong cudc séng.
Ngoai ra, nhiing luu ¥ khdc vé bai ludn viét cing duge ban dén trong
nhiing phan tiép theo day.
3. Cac dang bai luan viét
Tay theo muc dich, bai luan viét tam thoi duge chia thanh nhiing dang
sau:
(A) The NARRATIVE ESSAY — van tudng thuat vé mét cau chuyén
ngan. ,
(B) The DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY — van miéu ta, trong 46 ngudi_ viét
sip xép su kién theo trinh ty logic, miéu ta ngudi hoac noi chén.
(C) The ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY -— van tranh luan, trinh bay cho
ngudi doc y kién ciia tic gid vé mot van dé tranh cai. Vi du: ky
luat 6 nha truong.
(D) The REFLECTIVE ESSAY — van ty lun, thé hin suy nghi cia
téc gia vé mét de tai. Vi dy: mo ude cla ti khi trang thanh.
(E) The EXPOSITORY hay FACTUAL ESSAY - van binh giang,
giai thich vé mét van dé cu thé, ching han: cach thire hoat déng
cua mdy dién thoai
(F) The GENERAL ESSAY ~ luan van tong, hop trinh hay chung
chung vé mét dé tai: may bay, tién bac v.v..
(G) The STRUCTURAL ESSAY - luan van két cdu, 6 day ngudi viét
dugc yéu cau viét theo nhiing chit diém cy thé.
Tuy nhién, khdéng nén bd hep vao sy phan loai trén. M6t dé tai c6 thé
duge viét dudi nhiéu thé loai. Ching han dé tai "Lam wun" 6 thé duge
viét theo 161 miéu ta hay tong hgp, nhung can thiét phai phan loai dé tai
true chit khong phai sau khi viét luan.
184. Cach thu thap tai ligu cho bai luan
Thé loai cua bai Ivan phai duge xdc dinh truéc khi bat dau viét bai. Mot
khi da phac hoa dan ¥ cua bai luan, ngudi viét dé dang x4y dung cau tric
cua phan than bai, phan chinh cia bai van truyén dat thong tin cla
ngudi viet cho ngudi doc.
Néu cé it théng tin vé dé tai mt bai binh ging chang han, ngudi viét
nén nghién ctru thém. Hay dén thu vién dé doc sich tham khao, tir dién
bach khoa toan thu, béo chi va nhing nguén van chuong thich hgp khéc
rat hitu dung. Khi doc can tém tat cdc su kién chit khéng nén sao chép
trong séch. Tuy nhién d6i khi mot hodc hai cum ti cing gitip fch rat
nhiéu cho viéc trau ddi tr vung va phong cach viét. Di vay, that may
min 1a trong cdc ky thi & trréng, cdc dé bai luan thudng don gian va céc
su kién dé tim. Mic 46 yéu cau tir duy va tri tuéng tugng cing khéng
cao lim.
"Nhung d6i khi cam himng va ngudn tai liéu that doi dao dén ndi ngwai
viét khong biét nén chon cdi gi va bé cdi gi. Vi vay chi cdn chon tr
ngu6n tai liéu nhiing gi can thiét cho dé tai sau khi suy xét ky cang. Cac
théng tin Iya chon phai 1a nhiing théng tin thd vj va hitu ich nhat.
Ngoai ra, tai ligu dé viét van cing c6 thé lay tr séch, béo, tap chi dinh
ky vA cdc loai tap chi khdéc. C4c chuong trinh phét thanh, trayén hinh,
phim anh cing gép phan lam phong phi kién thttc cia hoc sinh néu biét
cach str dung.
Cudi cing, phai thia nhan rang tri nho la site manh. BG nao cé thé luu
gitt mét lugng I6n théng tin va kién thie néu hoc vién chiu khé suy nghT
trong khi thu thap tu liéu dé viét dé tai. Ban bac va thao ludn voi ban bé
cling kich thich tri nho va vi vay thuong cung cap nguén y tuéng va kién
thie phong phu cho bai Iuan.
5. Cach lap dan y mét bai luan
Sau khi thu thap tai liéu, buéc tiép theo 1a lap dan y. Diéu nay doi hdi
. Ong viéc va suy nghi can than, béi vi sy thanh céng cua bai luan phy
thugc phan Idn vao dan y.
Trudéc tién, ngudi viét phai ghi chi ngay nhing sw kién va y tong
vita nay ra trong dau 6c minh. Sau dé phai sip xép va phan nhém cac su
ict phai xem xét ky cdc sy kign va y roi viét tiéu dé dé phan
. Chic tigu dé sé dai dién cho ting doan cua bai ludn van.
19Sau méi tiéu dé, ngudi viét phai sp xép sy kién va y¥ tudng theo trat
ty miéu ta.
D6 1a cong viée chuan bj dan y so lug¢. Dan | y nay can duge xem lai
va stra chita. Nhiing sy kién va y tuéng khéng can thiét, sau khi xem xét
can luge bd. Nhitng sy ki¢n va chi tiét mdi chgt nay ra trong suy nghi
cua ngudi viet can duge dua vao ché chinh xdc trong bai van. Can
chuyén nhiing su kién duge phan nhém sai vé dung vj tri cua né.
6. Nhieng nét quan trong cua dan bai
Nhing nét dc trung ctia dan bai va bai van duge viét tir dan bai 1A ma
bai va két ludn.
Thong thuong én mo bai mot cach ty nhién. Mé bai nén cung cap
thdng tin can thiét 48 hiéu phan than bai. Vi vay o phan mo bai nén dua
vao tén cdc nhan vat, canh tugng hay tinh huong cia bai van. T6m lai
phan mo bai chi 1a mt doan ngin cia dan y.
Phan két luan cia bai van nén gay an tugng cho ngudi doc néu 6 thé.
M6t bai lugn hay 6 thé bj 1am hong hoi mot két luan nghéo nan. Hon
nita chinh phan két luan 48 lai nhing An tuong cudi cing quyét dinh
diém cba bai van. Vi vay phan két ludn nén bao gém mot cau hay doan
van ngin t6m tit toan bd van dé bai juan. Phan nay can xudt hién trong
dan y dudéi hinh thirc mét doan van ngan.
Cu6i cing, cdn chi y dén su can déi cia dan ¥ cing nhu cua bai Ivan.
Trong tam chi y 1a 6 nhiing van dé quan trong, chiém phan Ion bai Ivan.
Nhiing van dé kém quan trong hon duge viét ngin hon va phan nao it
quan trong nhat duge viét ngan nhat.
Sau day 1a vi dy cia m6t dan bai vai cha 4 "Gid tri cita du lich".
Gia tri cia du lich.
Doan 1: MG bai: So sdnh khat vong du lich cla con ngudi voi nhu cau duge
bay cua chim.
Doan 2: So sanh su di lai truéc day va hién nay:
Trude day (i) khong c6 dudng sé; (ii) khong c6é phuong tign. Vi vay
di lai rat khé khan, hoat d6ng con ngudi bi han ché,
Hién nay: (i) rat nhiéu dudng sé, (ii) rat nhiéu phuong tién giao
théng. Vi vay hoat dng cita con ngudi khéng bi han ché nita, cho
thay nhu cau manh mé vé di lai.
20Doan 3: Du lich cung cap cho con ngudi nhing co héi nhu: mé rong kién
thitc — gap gé nhiéu ngudi 6 nhiéu ving, mién khdc nhau — hiéu biét
nhing phong tuc van hhéa nude ngoai - tham viéng nhimg danh lam
thang canh — mé r6ng tam nhin — hoc ngoai ngir.
Doan 4: {ch igi cia du lich
Viée tiép xc vi nguéi mréc ngoai gitip ching ta:
(i) hiéu nhiing suy nghi va théi d6 cua ho.
(ii) biét vé 161 séng va niém tin cla ho
(iii) hoc hoi kinh nghiém tir sy that bai va thanh céng cla ho
(iv) thiét lap quan hé ban bé
(v) dy lai méi nghi ngo
(vi) hop tac va trao déi ¥ kién, kién thirc, quan diém voi nhau
Doan 5: Két juan
Khat vong phiéu luu va hoc hoi cia con ngudi 14 v6 tén. Con ngudi
sé lu6n luGn thich du lich.
THE ESSAY:
When man first looked at the bird flying in the sky and wandering away
into the unknown regions of the earth, he at once felt the urge to travel
and visit the lands beyond his immediate confines. This urge to travel is
still so strong that people everywhere are always going to other lands to
satisfy the urge.
That travel improves the mind and adds to a person's knowledge
cannot be denied. When a person travels he visits people of all races and
places. He meets people whose customs and habits are not the same as
his. He passes through areas of different climates and regions where even
the plants and animals are different from those found in his own country.
As he sees all these things he begins to realise how different the people
and places are in different parts of the world. He also begins to learn that
the struggles and occupations of the people in all parts of the earth are
not the same. The work of the people of a country is influenced by
geographical factors and religious beliefs.
The traveller also learns that though the people of the world do not
follow the same customs and do the same kind of work everywhere, yet
their feelings, hopes and desires are the same everywhere. A man in the
21North Pole has the same feelings of love, sympathy and desperation as
another in another distant part of the earth. They both laugh at and fight
and struggle for the same thing such as food, love and security for their
families and themselves. They also have the same hopes and desires.
Knowledge of all these things improves the mind of the traveller to a
great extent. He ceases to suspect strangers and becomes more friendly
with people who are not of the same race, religion and customs as he is.
Finally, travel helps one to know about the geographical differences
of the various countries of the world. One sees with one's own eyes and
rernembers things which are not written about in any book. Such
knowledge broadens one's mind and makes one a better and more
reasonable person. The value of travel is therefore not difficult to realise.
BAI LUAN
22
Khi lan dau tién nhin vé nhimng canh chim tung bay trén bau troi va luét
xa din vé nhiing ving dat chua timg duge biét dén trén tréi dat, con
ngudi ngay lap tic cam thy sur théi thie phai ra di va viéng tham nhitng
ving dat bén kia ranh sidi quen thugc cia minh, Sy théi thtic ay gid day
van con manh mé dén ni 6 dau va Itic nao cing cd nhing ngudi dang du
lich dén nhitng xir sé khdc dé théa man sy thiic giuc nay.
Kuong thé pha nhan rang chinh du lich da mé mang tri 6c va kién
thie con ngudi. Khi du lich ta c6 thé tham viéng ngudi din thude moi
ching tdc va xir so. Ta cé thé gap g@ nhttng ngudi c6 phong tuc va théi
quen khong giéng minh. Ta cé thé di qua nhiing ving dat c6 khi hau
khac nhau va nhiing noi ma ca cay céi va thi vat fing khdc véi 6 nude
minh. Khi chimg kién nhimg diéu nay, ta bat dau nhan ra su khdc biét
gitta con ngudi y va canh vat 6 nhitng phan khéc nhau cia thé gidi. Ta
cting bat dau hiéu ring nhitng cugc dau tranh va chiém hétu cua con
ngudi trén trai dat khong nhu nhau. Céng vigc cla ngudi dan 6 mot quéc
gia bj anh hung boi cdc yéu té dia ly va tin ngudng.
Nguoi hay du lich cing hiéu duge rang cho di cc dan téc trén thé
gidi khong cé cing phong tuc tap quan va cling khéng lam cdc céng viée
gidng nhau, nhung nhimng tinh cam, hy vong va mo udc cua ho thi 6 dau
cing vay. Mét ngudi & séng & Bic cyc cing c6 cam gidc yéu thuong,
cam théng va tuyét vong nh bat ky ai khéc - song tai mét ving dat khac
trén trai dat. Ca hai cling cudi, cing tranh dau va vat 16n vi nhiing ly do
nhu nhau nhu thuc pham, tinh yéu thuong va su an toan cho gia dinh va
ban than. Ca nhimng uéc mo va khat vong cua ho cing giéng nhau.Kién thite vé nhimg diéu nay giip mo mang trf tué cua nha du lich rat
nhiéu. Ta sé kh6ng con nghi ng& nhing ngudi la nita, va tro nén than
thién hon véi nhitng ngudi khong cing ching téc, tén gido va phong tuc
cua minh.
Cudi cing, du lich gitip ta hiéu biét vé nhing khac biét dia ly gitta cdc
quéc gia khac nhau trén thé gidi. Ta duge nhin tan mat va ghi nhé 5 nhimg
diéu ma khéng mét quyén sach nao da timg ghi chép. Nhing kién thir
nhu thé mo rong tri 6c va lam cho ngudi ta tot hon, dé chiu hon. Gid tri
cua du lich vi the rat dé nhan thay.
. Mét diém quan trong ctia bai luan
Mét dac diém quan trong trong bai luan 1a “sy chuyén tig > hay tha
thudt chuyén y tr mét doan sang doan tiép theo. Nguoi viét khong nén
nhay tir y nay sang y khdc ma khong chi ra sy lién hé cla doan sau véi
doan trudc. Phan cudi cia mot doan 1a chuan bi cho doan ké tiép. DGi khi
can vid mot cau 6 cudi doan chi don thuan dé cho thay su lién hé voi
nhiing gi tiép sau ma kh6ng phai cung cap thém théng tin.
Trong mét bai luén, can phai chii trong dén nhiing diém sau:
(i) Ngit phap
(ii) Trat tw chinh xdc cua tir
(iii) Dau cham
(iv) Bién déi d6 dai va hinh thitc cau van
(v) Sy trong sing
Nén trénh nhiing diéu sau:
(i) Te I6n
(ii) Ter viet tat, ngoai trir nhimg tr duge chap nhan nhu 'Mr"
(iii) Su: dung thudng xuyén tir "tdi"
(iv) Ng6n ngif gia tao
Cudi cing, sau khi da viét xong bai luan nén doc lai can than. Cn stra
46i va bd sung nhimng ché can thiet.
2324
1. LIFE IN THE CITY
Life in the city is full of activity. Early in the morning hundreds of
people rush out of their homes in the manner ants do when their nest is
broken. Soon the streets are full of traffic. Shops and offices open,
students flock' to their schools and the day's work begins. The city now
throb’ with activity, and it is full of noise. Hundreds of sight-seers’,
tourists and others visit many places of interest in the city while
businessmen from various parts of the world arrive to transact business‘.
Then towards evening, the offices and day schools begin to close.
Many of the shops too close. There is now a rush for buses and other
means of transport’. Everyone seems to be in a hurry to reach home. As a
result of this rush, many accidents occur. One who has not been to the
city before finds it hard to move about at this time. Soon, however, there
is almost no activity in several parts of the city. These parts are usually
the business centres.
With the coming of night, another kind of activity begins. The streets
are now full of colourful lights. The air is cooler and life becomes more
leisurely. People now seek entertainment. Many visit the cinemas, parks
and clubs, while others remain indoors to watch television or listen to the
radio. Some visit friends and relatives and some spend their time reading
books and magazines. Those who are interested in politics discuss the
latest political developments. At the same time, hundreds of crimes are
committed’, Thieves and robbers who wait for the coming of night
become active, and misfortune’ descends upon* many. For the greed? ofa
few, many are killed, and some live in constant fear. To bring criminals
to justice", the officers of the law are always on the move",
Workers and others who seek advancement in their careers attend
educational institutions which are open till late in the night. Hundreds of
them sit for various examinations every year. The facilities'* and
opportunities that the people in the city have to further their studies and
increase their knowledge of human affairs are indeed many. As a result,
the people of the city are usually better informed than those of the
village, where even a newspaper is sometimes difficult to get.
The city could, therefore, be described as a place of ceaseless activity.
Here, the drama of life is enacted every day.NEW WORDS:
1. flock [flok] (v) /0 lot kéo dén; tu tdp, qudy quan
throb [@rab] (v) rén rang, rén lén; rung déng
. Sight-seer ['sait,si:a] (n) nguéi di tham quan
. transact [treen'zeekt] (v) thuc hién, tién hanh; giai quyét
- Means of transport [mi:nz av 'treenspo:t] phuong tién van chuyén
. commit [ka'mit] (v) pham phai
. misfortune [mis'fa:tfn] (n) su‘ rui ro, su bat hanh; diéu khéng may
. descend upon [di'send a'pon] (v) dp xudng bat ngd, dén bat ngo
. greed [gri:d] (n) tinh tham lam
10. to bring s.o. to justice [brin ta 'd3astis] dem ai ra toa, truy té ai
tai toa
11. on the move [5n da mu:v] di chuyén
12. facility [fe'siliti] (n) diéu kién thudn loi, phuong tién dé dang
WONANRWN
Cuge séng é thanh thj
Cusc séng 6 thanh thi rét nhén nhip. Tit t6 mo sdng hang tram nguoi ta
ra khoi nha nhw dan kién vé 16. Chang bao lau sau duéng pho dong
nghet xe c6. Cac cita hang va van phong mo cita. Hoc sinh hoi ha cap
sdch dén trucng va mor ngay ld lam viéc bat ddu. Gid day thanh pho hoa
d6ng nh6n nhip va day ap tiéng huyén ndo. Hang trim nguoi ngoan
canh, du khdch va nhiéu ngudi khdc viéng tham nhitng thang canh cua
thanh phé trong khi cdc doanh nhan tit nhiéu noi trén thé gioi dén trao
doi cong vige lam an.
Tréi vé chiéu, nhiing van Phong va trong hoc bat dau dong cua.
Nhiéu cia hang cling déng cita. Lic nay dién ra mét cudc dé x6 d6n xe
buyt va cdc phuong tién van chuyén khdc. Duéng nhuc moi nguoi déu voi
vd vé nha.
Két qua cua su voi va nay la nhiéu tai nan xay ra. Nhing ai chua
timg dén thanh pho cam thdy khé ma di lai vao gid nay. Tuy vdy, khong
bao léu sau mt 56 khu vec ctia thanh pho nhu ngimg hoat dong. Nhiing
noi nay thong la cdc trung tam kinh doanh.
Dém xuéng, mét hinh thite hoat d6ng khéc ai bat déu. Duong pho
tran ngdp dnh dén mau. Bau khong khi diu xudng va cuéc séng tro nén
2526
the tha hon. Gio’ day nguwodi ta tim dén nhitng thi vui gidi tri. Nhiéu
nguoi dén rap chiéu béng, céng vién va cau lac bd, trong khi nhitng
ngwoi khdc &' nha xem ti vi va nghe dai phat thanh. Cé ngudi di tham ban
bé va ba con. Cé nguoi danh thi gid doc sch va tap ché. Nhiing ngudi
quan tam dén chinh tri ban ludn vé nhitng sw kién chinh tri ndng héi.
Cling trong thoi gian nay, hang tram vu trom cup dién ra. Trém cuép
cho dém audng dé hoat dong, va van rui s€ dp xudng nhiéu nguoi. Chi vi
long tham cia mot 86 it nguoi ma nhiéu ngwoi da bi giét, va nhiéu nguci
khdc phai song trong canh so hai trién mién. Dé dua téi pham ra trudc
cong ly, cdc vien chitc ludt phap ludn luén sain sting hanh déng.
Nguoi lao déng va nhitng ngudi muén tién trién trén con duong céng
danh su nghiép cua minh thi tham gia cdc lop hoc ban dém. Méi nam cé
hang tram nguci trong so ho tham dir vao nhiéu ky thi khde nhau. Céc
phuong tién va co héi danh cho nguci dan thanh thi dé mo rong hoc hdi
va gia tang kién thite nhdn sinh the sue rat phong phi. Do d6 nguéi dan
6 thanh phé luén ném bat théng tin nhanh hon nguoi dan ving néng
thén, noi ma cé khi ngay dén mét té bdo ciing khé kiém.
Tom lai thainh thi c6 thé néi la noi cia nhitng hoat déng khéng nging
nghi. Chinh tai day, vo kich cudc doi tai dién mdi ngay.
2. LIVING IN A MULTIRACIAL COMMUNITY
Living in a community where there are people of various races' could be
a rewarding and an exciting experience. Such a community is like a
small world with many types and races of people in it.
Everyone, young or old, enjoys listening to stories about people in
other lands. We read books and newspapers to learn about the habits,
customs and beliefs” of people who do not belong to our race, but when
we live in a community composed* of many races, we have the
opportunity to meet and talk with people or various races. We can tearn
about their customs and beliefs directly from them. In this way, we have
a better understanding of their ways of life. For example, in Singapore
and Malaysia, which are known as multi-racial’ countries, Malays,
Chinese, Indians and others have lived together for several decades?
They have learnt a lot about the cultures of one another, more than what
they could have learnt by reading books or newspapers. By living
together, they have also absorbed® many of the habits of one another to
their common benefit.Further, living in a multi-racial community teaches us how to respect
the views and beliefs of people of other races. We learn to be tolerant and
to understand and appreciate the peculiarities’ of those who are not of
our race. In this way, we lear to live in peace_and harmony with®
foreigners whose ways of life are different from ours in several respects.
We become less suspicious of strangers and foreigners.
The relationship that develops among the people from common
understanding in a multi-racial community makes life in such a
community very exciting. Any celebration of any race becomes a
celebration of all the other races. Thus, there is a lot of fun and
excitement during every celebration. In this way, better understanding is
promoted” among the peoples of the world. Through each of the races of
the people in a multi-racial community, we come to know about their
respective countries. For example, through the Chinese and the Indians in
Malaysia or Singapore we have come to know much about China and
India. As a result, we have a better understanding of the peoples of China
and India as a whole’,
It could therefore be said that life in a multi-racial community teaches
us many useful lessons in human relations.
NEW WORDS:
1. race [reis] (n) chung téc, giéng nguéi
2. belief [bi'li:f] (n) tin nguéng
. composed [kam'pawzd] (adj) gdm cd, bao gém
. multi-racial [malti'reif!] (adj) da chung téc, nhiéu ching téc
. decade ['dekeid] (n) thdi ky mudi ndm, thdp ky
. absorb [ab'so:b] (v) Adp thu
. peculiarity (pi,kju:li'eerati] (n) tinh chat riéng, nét riéng biét, nét
dac biét
8. in peace and harmony with [in pi:s and 'ha:mani wid] trong hod
binh va hoa thuén
9. promote [pra'mast] (v) ndng cao; xuc tién, day manh
10. as a whole [az a heal] adi chung, todn bd
NOUR
27Séng trong m6t céng dong da ching téc
Sdng trong mét céng déng ma cdc cu dan thuéc nhiéu ching tbc khdc
nhau c6 ‘thé la m6t trai nghiém thi vi va bé ich. M6t cng déng nhue thé
ciing giéng nhue mot thé gidi thu nho gdm nhiéu sdc t6c va kiéu tinh cach.
Tat cd moi ngudi, dit gia hay tré, déu thich nghe chuyén ké vé nhitng
ngudi dan xtr khdc. Ching ta doc sdch, bdo dé biét vé nhitng thoi quen,
Phong tuc va tin nguéng ctia cdc dan t6c khdc, nhung khi ching ta song
trong mét cong déng da sdc t6c, ching ta cé co hdi gap 36 va trd chuyén
vdi ngudi dan thuéc nhiéu ching t6c khdc nhau. Ching ta cé thé truc
tiép hoc hoi vé nhimg phong tuc va tin nguéng cia ho. Bang cach nay,
ching ta cé thé hiéu nhiéu hon vé Idi séng cia ho. Chang han nhu tai
Singapore va Malaysia, nhiing nude dugc xem la da sac t6c, ngudi Ma
Lai, Trung Quéc, An Dé va cdc sée dan khéc da chung séng voi nhau
qua vai thap ky. Ho da hoc hoi rat nhiéu vé van héa cua nhau ma viéc
doc sdch bdo khéng thé sénh bang. Qua viéc chung séng véi nhau, ho
cing da tiép thu nhiéu tap quan ctia nhau dé mang lai loi ich chung cho
céng dong.
Thém vao dé, cudc song trong mét cong dong da sdc téc day cho ta
biét t6n trong quan diém va tin ngudng cia dan téc khde. Ching ta biét
khoan dung, hiéu biét va danh gid cao nét dac tha cia nhiing ngudi
khéng thugc ching téc minh. Bang cach nay, ching ta hoc chung song
trong héa binh va hoa thudn voi nhiing nguoi ngoai quéc ma Idi séng
cua ho khdc ching ta trén vai phuong dién. Ching ta tro nén it nghi ngai
nhitng ngudi la va ngudi nwdc ngodi.
Méi quan hé nay sinh gitta cdc dan téc tie se hiéu biét chung trong
m6t cOng déng da sac toc fam cho cuge séng trong cong déng nhw thé
vui thich va thit vi trong moi mét dip ie AGi. ining cach nay, su hiéu b
lan nhau giita cdc dan t6c trén thé gidi duoc day manh. Théng qua mdi
mot dan t6c trong cong dong da ching 6c, ching ta dan dan hiéu biét vé
quoc gia mat ho la dai dién. Chang han, thong qua ngudi Trung Quée va
An Bé 6 Malaysia hay Singapore, ching ta biét nhiéu vé Trung Hoa va
An Dé. Vi vay ching ta hiéu nhiéu hon vé tong thé dan téc va dat nudc
Trung Hoa va An Dé.
Vi thé c6 thé néi rang cuéc song & mé6t cng déng da ching t6c day
cho ta nhiéu bai hoc hitu ich vé méi quan hé ctia con ngudi.
283. A VISIT TO A FAMOUS CITY
. A few months ago my father and I visited Singapore, one of the most
famous cities in Asia.
Singapore, a small island, lies at the southern and of West Malaysia.
A long and narrow piece of land joins Singapore with Johore Hahru, the
southern-most town of West Malaysia. Singapore is now an independent
state,
The city of Singapore is extremely beautiful. It is well known for its
centres of business and other activities. There are many places of
interest’ such as the Tiger Balm Garden, the Botanical Gardens and
Raffles Museum. There are also many important centres of learning such
as the University of Singapore, Science Centre, the Nanyang University
and the Polytechnic. Being a famous city, hundreds of people come
every day from various parts of the world to do business or to enjoy the
sights of the city. Singapore therefore has large and beautiful airports and
its harbours are full of ships.
There are many night schools where people who cannot go to the day
schools for some reason or other can continue their studies. And, the
government of Singapore is still doing its best to make further
improvements in the city for the benefit of the people.
During my stay in Singapore, I went out every day with my father to
see the beautiful and interesting places and things in the city. One day we
went to the Tiger Balm Garden where I saw several statues of people,
animals and other strange creature” beautifully made and kept. The sea
near this garden makes this a pleasant place to visit. We spent almost half
of the day at this place.
Another day we visited the museum where I saw hundreds of curious’
things preserved for scholars‘ and others. It was indeed an education to
see all those things. There is so much to learn here that every visit by any
person is sure to add to his knowledge.
[also visited some of the harbours and saw the large ships anchored?
there. The sight of the ships aroused a desire® in me to cross the oceans
and go round the world. I was indeed deeply impressed” by the activities
at the harbour.
Then every night, I went round the town and visited some of the parks
and other places of interest. The numerous lights" and the constant
29stream of traffic kept the city alive. I visited a few of the cinemas as well.
In short, I enjoyed every moment of my stay in this famous city of
Singapore.
NEW WORDS:
1 places of interest [pleisiz av 'intrast] nAding vung dang chi y, nhiing
vung thi vi
. strange creatures [streind3 'kri:t{a] ming sinh vat la
. curious [‘kjuarias] (adj) ham hiéu biét; to mo, hiéu ky
anchor [‘aenka] (v) 6d neo, thé neo
arouse a desire [a'ravz a di'zaia] gov /én su’ khao khat
. impress [im'pres] (v) gay an tuong
numerous lights ['nju: maras laits] nhiéu dnh dén
. scholar ['skaia] (n) thanh phan tri thitc
MONANARYWN
Tham viéng m6t thanh phé néi tiéng
Cach day vai thang, bo ti va toi di tham quan Singapore, mét trong
nhiing thanh phé néi tiéng nhat chau A.
Singapore la m6t hon dao nho nam & phia nam va thudc mién Trung
Tay Malaysia, M6t dai dat nhé va hep néi lién Singapore voi Johore
Bahru, thanh phé cue nam cia ving Tay Malayxia. Singapore hién nay
la mét quéc gia déc ldp.
Thanh phd Singapore cuc kp diém 1é. N6 noi tiéng boi nhiing trung
tam budn bdn va cdc hogt déng khdc. C6 nhiéu thang canh nhw Vuwon
Tiger Balm, Von sinh hoc va Vién Bao tang Raffles. Ngodi ra con cb
nhiéu trung tam nghién ctu quan trong nhu Dai hoc tong hop Singapore,
Trung tdm khoa hoc, Dai hoc Nanyang va Dai hoc Bach khoa. Vi la mot
thanh pho n ig nén hang ngdy cé hang trém ngwoi te cdc nwéc khdéc
nhau trén thé gidi dén dé lam viéc hay chiém nguéng canh quan thanh
phd. Vi thé Singapore 6 nhimg san bay 10 va dep, con nhiing hai cang
cua nd lic nao ciing tap ndp tau be.
C6 nhiing lép hoc ban dém cho nhiing ngudi khéng thé dén trucing
vao ban ngay vi mot ly do nao dé dé ho tiép tuc hoc tap. Ya hién nay
chinh phi Singapore dang lam hét stec minh dé ngay cang phat trién
thanh phé vi loi ich cho nguoi dan Singapore.Trong khi ding chan o Singapore, hang ngdy tdi ra pho dao choi voi
bo va ngam nhin canh vat thi vi va dep dé cua thénh pho. M6t ngay no
106i dén vitén Tiger Balm noi t6i thay cé vai bite twong nguoi, nhiéu lodi
thi va nhiing tao vét la kp duoc tao tac va gin giit rat céng phu. Chiing
106i & dé gan nia ngay.
Chiing t6i ciing tham quan vién bao tang, 6 d6 toi thdy hang tram thi
quy gid duoc gitt gin cho cdc hoc gid va nhiing nguoi khéc. That la mét
Gp Khi. duoc xem tat ca céc vat nay. O day cé rat nhiéu diéu
dé hoc hoi dén ndi bat ck ngudi nao dén tham vién bdo tang cting cé
thém kién thitc cho minh.
Téi ciing di thm vai hai cang va thay nhitng con tau lon tha neo &
a6. Canh tong, tau bé khudy d6ng trong 16i woc muén vuot dai duong ai
vong quanh | thé gidi. Cac hoat dong & bén cang that sue gdy cho toi dn
tuong sdu sdic.
Roi méi dém 16i déu di i quanh thanh phé viéng tham nhiing cong vién
va thang canh khéc. V6 sé anh dén va dong xe c6 bat tan lam thanh pho
rat song dong. Téi cing dén tham m6t vai rap chieu bong. Tém lai toi
yéu thich méi khodnh khac ti song tai thanh phé Singopore néi tiéng
nay.
4. MODERN INVENTIONS
Modern inventions have made life more comfortable’ than what it was
before. More and more new things are being made in all countries
throughout the world to make life even more comfortable.
In the past men had great difficulty in® ploughing their lands to grow
food. But, today, giant’ machines are used to plough* thousands of acres
of land. As a result’, more food can be grown in a shorter time than was
possible before. Food grown in one country is sent to another country
where it is needed badly. To carry the food motor-vehicles, steam-ships®
and various other means of transport have been invented. Shortage of
food’ in one place no longer causes anxiety* as it can be brought from
another place within a very short time.
The invention’ of the means of transport has also made it possible for
people to work in places miles away, and children can attend schools in
distant places. In the past, this was not possible. The children of today
are therefore better educated than those of the past. Invention of the
31means of transport has also increased human activity. A man can now go
to several places, and do a variety of things in a day's time.
Other inventions like the radio and the telephone have also
contributed much to human progress'’. The radio keeps us informed
about developments'' in other parts of the world. We do not have to
travel to know what is happening in places away from our homes. The
telephone too is a convenient means of knowing about others, miles
away. It helps in business transactions by reducing time and travel. A
businessman in one town can talk to another in another town, several -
miles away, to do some important business. In all these ways, people are
able to do many things without much loss of time'®.
In the same way, every invention has helped to increase our comforts.
Television, for example, now makes it possible for people to stay at
home and enjoy. At the same time, however, modern inventions have
caused many deaths and much sorrow"? to many people. Motor vehicles
and other machines have killed hundreds of people. Many have lost their
hands or legs, and accidents continue to occur in every increasing
numbers. Yet modern inventions have made the world what it is today.
NEW WORDS:
1. comfortable ['kamfatabl] (adj) tién lol, du tién nghi; dm cing; dé
chiu, thoai méi
. have great difficulty in [haev greit ‘difikalti in] gap nhiéu khdé khan
trong viéc
. giant [‘d3aiant] (adj) khdng 16, phi thutng
. plough [plaw] (v) cay, bua, xdi
. as a result [zez a ri'zalt] két qua /a
. steam-ship ['sti:mfip] (n) tau chay bang hoi nuéc
. shortage of food ['So:tid3 av fu:d] su thiéu thén thuc phém
. anxiety [aen'zaiati] (n) mdi lo au; mdi ban khodn; su‘lo fing
. invention [in'venfn] (n) su‘ phat minh, su sdng ché
10. human progress [‘hju:man 'praugres] su phat trién cua nhén loai
11. development [di'velapmant] (n) su phat trién
12. without much loss or time [wi'davt matf los av taim] Khdng mét
nhiéu thoi gian
13. sorrow (n) ['sorav] (n) su’ dau khé, su’ budn phién; néi dau buén
N
CONOUDW
32. \
Nhing phat minh hién dgi
Nhimg phat minh hién dai dé lam cho doi song dé iu hon trudc, Cang
ngay cang cé nhiéu vat dung mdi dwgc san audt & tat ca céc nuée trén
thé gidi lam cho cuéc song thoai mdi hon.
Truéc day con nguoi vap phai khé khan 1 trong viéc cay dat dé trong
trot. Nhung ngay nay nhitng may méc khéng 16 duoc sit dung dé cay
hang ngan mau dat. Vi thé ngudi ta cé thé thu hoach dugc nhiéu thuc
pham hon chi trong mé6t thoi gian ngdn so voi truéc day. Thee pham
trong & mot nudc duoc giti toi nhitng nudbc khdc cé nhu cau. Nhing xe
gan dong co, tau thity hoi nuéc va cde Phuong tién giao thong khéc da
dugc phat minh dé chuyén cho thuc pham. Su thiéu thon thc pham o
m6t noi nao dé khéng con 1a moi lo ngai nita vi ngudi ta co thé mang
thuc pham tit noi nay sang noi khde trong m6t thdi gian rat ngan.
Nhiing phat minh khéc nhu méy thu thanh va dign thoai cing gop
phan vao sw tién b6 ctia nhén logi. Méy thu thanh gitip ching ta nam
dugc thong tin vé nhiing su phat trién cia cdc quoc sia trén thé gidi.
Ching ta khéng phai di dén nhimg noi xa xbi dé biét bién tinh hinh
6 a6. Dién thoai ciing la mét phuong tién thudn loi dé bi 41 nhimg gi xay
ra G noi khdc cach dé hang dam. N6 nit ngan thdi gian va gidm viéc di
lai trong kinh doanh giao dich. Doanh gia ctia m6t thanh pho 6 thé néi
chu Gi déi tc lam an 6 mét thanh phé khdc cach 6 vai dam dé trao
déi vé mét thuong vu quan trong. Negay nay voi nhiing phat minh hién
dai ngudi ta cé thé lam nhiéu chuyén ma khong phdi mat thoi gian.
Méi mé6t phat minh déu gdp phan lam gia tang sw tién nghi trong doi
song ching ta. Chdng han nhue ngay nay ching ta cé thé G nha xem v6
tuyén truyen hinh, Tuy nhién cing hic dé, nhimng phat minh hién dai da
gy chét chée va dau buén cho moi ngudi. Xe gan may va nhimg may méc
khée da giét chét hang tram ngudi. Nhiéu nguéi mat tay hoac mat chan va
tai nan lién tuc xudt hién theo con sé. ngay cang gia tang. Tuy nhién ciing
chinh nhing phat minh hién dai da lam nén thé gidi ngay nay.
5. ADVENTURE IN A FOREST
A few months ago some of my -mates' and I made a trip to Borneo
with our Geography teacher to seek adventure in the forests of Borneo.
Soon after our arrival in Borneo, we made all the preparations and
began our journey to the forest early one morning. After miles of travel
33through the forest, we arrived at an open space. As it was already late in
the evening, we decided to erect” our tent’ and spend the night there.
Night soon fell on this place and we lighted our oil lamp.
Feeling tired, we had our meal early and went to bed. There was
silence all around; but soon, creatures that love the night world became
active. The forest was now full of frightful noise. Breaking through this
noise, came another noise, more frightening; the noise of native drums.
And as the minutes slipped by, it seemed to come nearer and nearer. We
all froze into* deathly silence’. The tension mounted rapidly, but still
nothing happened. Then, as suddenly as it began, the noise stopped. We
were alarmed. We were now sure that some natives has seen us and we
would he attacked. In such a situation, we could not sleep. Death might
come at any time.
Minutes lengthened to hours; but in our anxiety to preserve our lives,
we hardly noticed the coming of day. Then, all of a sudden®, we found
ourselves surrounded by half-naked natives’ with spears in their hands.
Surprised and terrified, we remained speechless" for some time. Then,
one of them, presumably” their leader, uttered a word. He seemed eager
to talk, but there was no language in which we could understand cach
other.
Our teacher, who is always full of ideas, then offered a cigarette to the
man who uttered" the word. The man, however, seemed to suspect our
teacher's intentions. He refused to accept the cigarette. Our teacher then
"put it between his own lips and after lighting it, began to puff'’ at it. The
man now made a sign which showed that he would not mind having a
cigarette after all. At once our teacher gave him one and helped him fo
light it. As he was puffing at it, we observed signs of satisfaction".
Realising that in this way we could become friends, our teacher gave him
a few more cigarettes. The man was so delighted at this demonstration’?
of friendship that he uttered some words, and soon all those who came
with him, began to dance and sing.
After they had stopped singing, they made several gestures'* which
showed that they had enjoyed our company. They left us after about an
hour with smiles on their faces. Our journey into the interior! of Borneo
was indeed an adventure.ENE NIRS
1. classmate [‘kia:smeit] (n) ban cung ldp
2. erect [i'rekt] (v) dung (/éu)
3, tent [tent] (n) /éu, rap, tang
4, freeze [fri:z] (v) d6ng lai (vi lanh), lanh cing; thdy On lanh, thay
ghé ghé
5. silence ['sailid3] (n) swim /éng; su nin thinh
6. all of a sudden [9:1 av a 'sadn] bat thinh linh; mét cdch bat nge
7. half-naked native [ha:f 'neikid 'neitiv] thd’ ddn dé tran nita nguéi
8. remain speechless [ri'mein 'spi:tflis] /3ng di khéng thét ndi mét
tiéng
9. presumably [pri'zju:mabli] (adv) cd thé dodn chung Ia; co 1é; han
la, chéc la
10. utter ['ate] (v) ndi, ni ra; phat biéu, bay td
11. puff [paf] (v) hut bap bap, hut tung hoi ngdn (thudc 14)
12. signs of satisfation [sainz av, seetis'feek fn] nhiing déu hiéu cua su’
thoa man
13. demonstration [,demans'treifn] (n) su’ thé hién, su‘ biéu hién
14, gesture [‘d3estfa] (n) diéu bd; cu chi
15, interior [in'tiaria] (n) di dia
Cuéc phiéu luu trong rimg
Cach day vai thdng téi va vai ngudi ban cing lép dén Borneo voi thay
gido dia ly dé phiéu luu trong khu ring cia Borneo.
Negay khi dén Borneo, ching t0i stta soan dé dac va bat ddu chuyén
du ngoan toi khu ring | vao mét budi sdng som. Sau khi di hang dam
trong rimg, ching tdi dén mét khodng dat trong. Vi tréi da toi ching 16i
quyét dinh cang léu va ngu dém & dé. Chang bao lau sau, béng dém
hon toan bao trim lén khu rimg va ching t0i thap sdng bang den dau.
Cam thay méi mét, ching t6i an sém va di ngui. Xung quanh rat im
lang, nhung chang bao lau cdc sinh vat ban dém bat dau hoat dong. Khu
rimg gio day tran ngdp nhiing tiéng dong ghé so. Tiéng déng nay di qua
tiéng dong khdc lai den, she | ron hon: tiéng trong ctia ngudi ban xt. Va
ting phiit tréi qua, tiéng tréng nhw cang gan hon Tat ca ching tdi on
lanh trong su im lang chét chéc. Su cang thang dang cao, nhung van
khéng co gi xay ra. Roi cing dot nggt nhu khi bat dau, tiéng on do chdm
dist, Ching 16i duoc bdo déng. Gio day ching t6i biét rang nhitng ngudi
35ban xi di nhin thdy ching 16i va rang ching 16i sé bj tan cong. Trong
tinh cainh nlur thé ching t6i khng thé nao ngu dugc. Cai chét c6 thé dén
bat cit hic nao.
Méi hit tr6i qua dai nhu mét gic; nhung trong su lo sg bao ton sinh
mang gia minh ching téi hau nhu khéng dé ¥ rang ngay da dén. Thé roi
that bat ngé, ching t6i thay minh bj bao vay boi nhitng thé dan chi mac
quan do che kin m6t nia than thé cam gido trong tay, Roi mot ngudi
trong 86 a6, c6 1é la thii linh, bat déu n6i. Anh ta cé vé noi rat ham hé
nhung khéng cé ng6n ngit nao dé ching ti hiéu nhau.
Thay gido ctia ching tdi lic nao cing cé séng kién lién dua cho
nguoi dan dng dang n6i mot diéu thuéc ld. Tuy nhién, duong hu anh ta
mh yg dink cua thay gido. Anh ta khéng nhan diéu thudc 14. ‘Thay
sido dit diéu thudc vao méi roi méi liza ve bat ddu hit. Lic bdy gic
ngudi dan éng moi ra hiéu rang anh ta san long hut mot diéu thuéc.
Nhén thay ching t6i cé thé lam ban voi ngudi thé dan bang cach nay,
thay gido ching 16i biéu cho anh ta vai diéu thudc nita. Neudi dan éng
rat hai long v6i su bay 16 hitu nghj d6, anh ta néi gi d6, roi tat cd nhiing
nguci di theo anh ta bat dau nhay mia.
Sau khi cdc thé dan ngimg hat, ho ra hiéu rang ho rdt thich lam ban
voi ching ti. Khodng mot gio sau d6 ho tam biét ching ti voi nu cudi
trén guong mat. Chuyén du ngoan ciia ching toi vao n6i dia Borneo that
su la mét cugc phiéu luu.
6. AN. UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITY | HAD
Seldom does one have opportunity of seeing a fight between a tiger and a
crocodile. I, however, had this opportunity one day when I went with my
father into a forest, in search of some wild plants.
Thad never been to a forest before. Therefore, whatever I saw in that
forest interested me greatly. I looked at the rich vegetation all round as
well as the variety of colourful flowers and birds, large and small. I saw
the activity of some of the wild creatures, such as snakes, squirrels and
insects. Occasionally, I heard the cry of some strange animal in pain,
perhaps while being eaten by a larger animal. I also heard some rustling
noises' in the undergrowth; but I was not afraid of all these. Such things,
I knew, were natural to the forest.
My father whose only interest was in the type of plants he wanted for
my mother's garden, however, paid little attention to the sounds and
36