Design Procedures to C-EC34 ae a2 is The Stee! Construction Institute. Its aim is to promote and SS eeevelop the proper and effective use of steel in constru ‘Membership is open to all organisations and individuals that are concerned with the use of steel in construction, and members include designers, contractors, suppliers, fabricators, academics and government departments in the United Kingdom, elsewhere in Europe and in countries around the world. SCI is financed by subscriptions from its members, by revenue from research contracts and consultancy services and by the sales of publicatic SCI’s work is initiated and guided through the involvement of its members on advisory groups and technical committees. A specialist advisory and consultancy service is available free to members on the use of steel in construction. SCT’s research and development activities cover many aspects of steel construction including multi-storey construction, industrial buildings, use of steel in housing, development of design guidance on the use of stainless steel and cold formed steel, behaviour of stee! in fire, fire engineering, use of steel in barrage and tunnel schemes, bridge engineering, offshore engineering, and development of structural analysis systems. Further information is given in the SCI prospectus available free on request from: ‘The Membership and Council Secretary, The Steel Construction Institute, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7QN. Telephone: (0344) 23345, Fax: (0344) 22944. Although care has been taken to ensure, to the best of our knowledge, that all data and information contained herein are accurate to the extent that they relate to either matters of fact or accepted practice or matters of opinion at the time of publication, The Steel Construction Institute, the authors and the reviewers assume no responsibility for any errors in ‘or misinterpretations of such data and/or information or any loss or damage arising from or related to their use. This publication has been reviewed by the BCSA Fabricators’ Technical Committee and is published with the support of ‘The British Constructional Steelwork Association Limited. Publications supplied 10 the members of the Institute at a discount are not for resale by them © The Stee! Construction Institute 1994 Instituut voor Staalbouwconstructie Institut de la Construction Métallique Staalkonstruktion Institut Institut fir Stahlbau Instituto da Construgdo Metélica _ Istituto di Costruzioni in Acciaio Worvrobro Sxénpov araoxeviv —_Instituto de la Construccién MetAlicaSCI PUBLICATION P117 Design Procedures to C-EC3 - Concise Eurocode 3 for the Design of Steel Buildings in the United Kingdom Based on DD ENV 1993-1-1: 1992 Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures: Part 1.1 General Rules and Rules for Buildings with reference to the UK National Application Document. NR Baddoo MA, CEng, MICE A W Morrow BEng F J Naji BEng (Hons), MSc, DIC JC Taylor MA CEng, MICE, FiStructE ISBN 1 870004 75 2 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library © The Steel Construction Institute 1994 The Steel Construction Institute Silwood Park Ascot Berkshire SL5 70N Telephone: 0344 23345 Fax: 0344 22944ii FOREWORD This publication is comprised of two Sections. Section 1 consists of procedure tables extracted from Concise Eurocode 3 (C-EC3) and gives a step by step approach to the design of elements and connections to C-EC3. The tables were written by Mr Colin Taylor and Mrs Nancy Baddoo of The Steel Construction Institute and Mr A Morrow of Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd. Section 2 is comprised of flowcharts based on the procedure tables of the preceding part. The aim of these flowcharts is to provide a backup to Section 1 and to assist practising engineers in developing computer programs. The flowcharts were compiled by Mr Firas Naji of The Steel Construction Institute. ‘The work was funded by British Steel (Sections, Plates and Commercial Steels) and from the Eureka CIMsteel project. This publication forms one of the deliverables of the CIMsteel project.CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PROCEDURE TABLES FROM C-EC3 1. Procedure 5.1 Design of a compression member 2. Procedure 5.2 Design of a simply supported beam of rolled lor H cross-section 3. Procedure 5.3 Determining less conservative values for the interaction factors k,, k, and kyr 4, Procedure 5.4 Design of a member subject to axial compression and major-axis moment Procedure 6.1 Allowing for prying in simple tension connections 6. Procedure 6.2 Design of an axially loaded baseplate 7. Procedure 6.3 Design of a stiffened baseplate subject to axial load and major axis bending FLOWCHARTS, The design of a compression member The design of a simply supported beam of rolled | or H cross-sec: To determine the interaction factors k, and k, To determine the interaction factor ky 1. 2 3. 4. 5. The design of a member subject to axial compression and major-axis moment 6. Allowing for prying in simple tension connections 7. The design of an axially loaded baseplate 8. The design of a stiffened baseplate subject to axial load and major axis bending BIBLIOGRAPHY Page “ "1 13 14 16 7 18 20 21 22 25 iiiINTRODUCTION The design procedure tables that make up Section 1 of this publication have been extracted from "C-EC3 - Concise-Eurocode 3 for the Design of Steel Buildings in the United Kingdom" (SCI publication P116). The design code C-EC3 is itself a simplified version of Eurocode 3, Design of steel structures: Part 1.1 General rules and rules for buildings. This publication is aimed at the busy engineer for use as a quick reference in the design of beams, columns, beam-columns and baseplates. A procedure table for allowing prying forces to be taken into simple tension connections is also provided. The flowcharts, which are compiled from the procedure tables, are there to assist the Engineer in the writing of computer programs.1, PROCEDURE TABLES FROM C-EC3 The procedure tables reproduced in the following pages relate to: 1. ay Procedure 5.1 Procedure 5.2 Procedure 5.3, Procedure 5.4 Procedure 6.1 Procedure 6.2 Procedure 6.3 Design of a compression member Design of a simply supported beam of rolled I or H cross-section Determining less conservative values for the interaction factors ky and k, Design of a member subject to axial compression and major-axis moment Allowing for prying in simple tension connections Design of an axially loaded baseplate Design of a stiffened baseplate subject to axial load and major axis bendingProcedure 5.1 Design of a compression member cecs | ccs references | page no. (1) For the ultimate limit state, determine the design axial compressive force Ney} Table 2.1 8 for the relevant load case, using partial safety factors. yp (2) __ Select steel grade and quality. Table 3.1 13 (3) Select trial column size and check thickness limitation for chosen quality. Table 3.2. 15 [As a first approximation, select a cross-section area that satisfies Ng /A < f, ] (4) Classify cross-section in compression. If cross-section is Class 4, calculate Agy | Table 5.60) | 43 and hence determine By = Ag /A . (5) Determine the buckling length ¢ for each axis. Table 5.12 | 58 (6) Determine the slenderness for each axis. 5.4,3.2(2) 37 (7) _ Select the appropriate buckling curve for each axis, for the type of cross-section | Table 5.13 59 and thickness of steel. (8) For each axis, determine the compressive strength f, corresponding to the | Table 5.14 | 60 & 61 modified slendemess {B,_ from the appropriate buckling curve, and adopt the lower value. (9) Determine the buckling resistance Ny pg = Ba fe A/a « 3.4.3.2(1) 7 (10) Compare the buckling resistance with the design axial force. If Nygi > Neg | 54.3.1) | 57 then the selected section is satisfactory.Procedure 5.2 Design of a simply supported beam of rolled cea | cEcs 1 or H cross-section references | page no. (1) Establish support conditions and points of lateral restraint to compression flange 2) For ultimate limit state, determine the maximum design shear forces Vsq and | Table 2.1 8 moments Ms, for the relevant load case, using the partial safety factors “yp @) Select trial beam size, steel grade and quality. Tables 3.1. | 13 & 15 and 3.2 (4) Classify its cross-section in bending Table 5.6 | 41,42,43 (5) Evaluate its full moment resistance M, gy and check that Mg < Me pg 5.5.2.2(1) 65 (©) Evaluate the shear resistance of the cross-section Vor pa” $5.10) 63 (1) If Veg > Vpeg then select a stronger cross-section (thicker web). (8) If Vgq > 0,5 Verna then determine the reduced resistance moment of the | 5.5.3 66 cross-section due £0 shear My py and ensure that Mgy < My na "Note: No check is necessary for a simply supported beam with uniform load (9) See whether lateral-torsional buckling check is necessary. If not, go to (17). 5.5.5(3) - (5). 67 (10) Determine effective length factor k for lateral-torsional buckling. Table 5.21 75 (11) Determine factor [k/C,}5 according to loading type. Table 5.22 or | 76 or 77 5.23 (12) Determine slenderness A, 5.5.5(4) or (13) Determine By 5.5.5(7) 6 > (14) Select bending strength f, corresponding to modified slendemess Ayr yy. | TleS:18° | 69 & 70 (15) Determine buckling resistance My, gq of member between lateral restraints. 5.5.5(7) 68 If Myng > May the section is saiisfactory. If not, select a stronger section. (16) Repeat (15) between the other points of lateral restraint (if necessary). (17) If point loads or reactions are applied through the flange, check web crippling. 5.7 98 (18) Calculate design values of service loads for relevant serviceability load case. | Table 2.3, 2 (19) Calculate deflections under service load. (20) Compare deflections to the recommended limits or the project specification. Table 4.1 18 If they are exceeded, select a deeper or stronger cross-section. L Notes: For Fe 510 ($ 355) one or two UB sections to BS 4 have a web slendemess dit, exceeding 56,1 so the shear buckling resistance must be evaluated, see 5.5.6. ‘Alternatively, use 5.5.5(12) and table 5.19. Alternatively, for rolled sections, obtain f, directly, using 5..5(11) and table 5.20 without finding,Procedure 5.3 Determining less conservative values for the interaction factors ky, K, and kyr. C-EC3 references C-EC3 page no. Factor k, : @ The factor ky depends upon yy which in um depends upon Byy, the equivalent uniform moment factor for major axis in-plane buckling. yyy depends upon the shape of the bending moment diagram about the yy axis between points braced in the zz direction, and can be obtained from figure 5.14, If the cross-section is Class 4, the additional moment Ng, eyy due o any shift of the major axis eyy must be added to M, sg when determining By Figure 5.14 5.3.4(5) 96 st @ For Class 1 or Class 2 cross-sections: Wpey ~ We pty ~ ety (Buy ~ 4) pp eR n a | bat wy $09 For Class 3 or Class 4 cross-sections: n= Cir a but py < 09 @ Caleulate ky from: By Nog k, =e 1- but ky w 1s Factor ky : Oy The factor Kk, depends upon 1, which in tum depends upon fy, , the equivalent uniform moment factor for minor axis in-plane buckling. By, depends upon the shape of the bending moment diagram about the zz axis, ‘between points braced in the yy direction. The procedure is similar to that for the factor ky except that the y and z directions and subscripts are interchanged. Factor kyy! © The factor Kyz depends upon japy which in tum depends upon fyyur. the ‘equivalent uniform moment factor for laeral-torsional buckling. yy 7 depends ‘upon the shape of the bending moment diagram about the yy axis, between points ‘braced in the yy direction, and can be obtained from figure 5.14 If the cross-section is Class 4, the additional moment Neg éyy due to any shift of the major axis eyy must be added (0 My cy when determining Byq..r Figure 5.14 5.3.4(5) 96 s1 ©) Calculate py from: Wn mer wae mr < 0.9 aa [supe . | - oO Calculate ky from: tur Nsa ata but kr < 1,0 Nyzra 7M kp = 1Procedure 5.4 Design of a member subject to axial compression C-EC3 C-EC3 and major-axis moment references | page no. a (1) Determine the design buckling resistances Nyy nq and Nona 5.4.32 37 (@) Determine the design moment resistance of the cross-section Mc na 5.5.2.2 65 (G) For a member susceptible to lateral-torsional buckling, determine the design 5.5.5 67 buckling resistance moment My ng (4) Either set_ky = 1,5. or else determine a less conservative value of this factor 95 using Procedure 5'3 (5) Check for in-plane failure about the major axis using: kM, + SMsi < 10 36320) | 93 yRd OMe y Re If this isnot satisfied, choose a stronger cross-section. (6) Fora member susceptible to lateral-torsional buckling, either set ky = 1,0 or 95 else determine a less conservative value using Procedure $.3. For a member not susceptible to lateral-torsional buckling, set ky to zero. (7) Check for out-of plane buckling using No, KurMysa < 1.9 5.6.3.2) 8 NozRé Mp rd If this isnot satisfied, choose a stronger eross-section. (8) Check the deflection, as in items (18) to (20) of Procedure 5.2. 81 Note: The procedures for designing a member subject to axial compression and minor-axis moment, or moments about both axes, are basically similar, but differ in detail as stated in the relevant clausesProcedure 6.1 Allowing for prying in simple tension connections ECS references (1) Determine dimensions m,€ and epia from figure 6.8. Figure J.3.1 2) Determine n from: a = pig but nS 1,25m 53.38) (3) Determine the total effective length of equivalent T-stub Elser for the group of bolts} 4.3.4.1 from figure 6.9. The effective length of equivalent T-stub fg for any bolt row should not be taken as more than 2s. The spread for an end bolt must not be taken beyond the physical end of the actual flange. (4) Determine the resistance moment Myp pq of one flange of the equivalent T-stub from: Myer = 0,25 Ele t? 6/140 Expn J.25 (5) Determine the total internal force per bolt By sq including prying, from the following: (@) if Morro = OSmE gy: Boss = FisdN Expn J.24 if OSmF.y > Myra > 0,25 mF. gy: Big = LB Ris =? Moe Expn J.23 © if Myra = 025m Fysg Expn J.22 Bigg = (1 +:0,5 min) Fygy IN Figure 1.3.3 if Myers < 0,25. m Fug: the flange is not strong enough, so either modify the connection, or else introduce stiffeners or backing plates. where Fisq isthe design value of the force applied to the group of bolts and -N is the total number of bolts in the group.Procedure 6.2 Design of an axially loaded baseplate C-EC3 CECS references | page no. (1) Select the grade of steel and determine the yield strength f, Table 3.1 B (2) Determine the design value of the concrete compressive strength f.g for| Table 6.12 150 the compressive strength grade of the concrete foundation, (3) Ensure the characteristic cube strength of the grout is not less than 0,2| — 6.10.1(6) 146 times that of the concrete and then take the joint coefficient , as 2/3 (4) Conservatively take the concentration factor kj as 1,0. Altematively, if | 6.10.1(7) t0 (9) | 146 & 150 information on the size of the concrete foundation is available, estimate ky from the expected baseplate dimensions. (For a square baseplate kj can] and Figure 6.18 | 147 have a maximum value of 5,0. Thus a safe estimate of the baseplate and foundation sizes at this stage is likely to lead to a significantly more economical design than adopting k, = 1,0.) (5) Determine the joint bearing strength 6.10.15) 146 (6) Try a baseplate thickness at least equal to the column flange thickness. 6.10.1(4) 146 (7) Calculate the effective projection ¢ for that thickness t of baseplate. 6.10.18) 146 (8) Ona plan view, plot the effective projection c all around each element of | Figure 6.18 147 the column plus any baseplate stiffeners, then select plan dimensions for the baseplate which maximize its effective bearing area. (9) Calculate the effective bearing area. (10) Determine the effective bearing pressure. If this is greater than the joint bearing strength fj , increase the baseplate thickness and retumn to step (6) Otherwise either adopt the baseplate dimensions, or if appropriate, reduce its plan dimensions and return to step (9). (11) Select a suitable thickness of grout, ensuring itis not greater than 0,2 times | 6.10.1(6) 146 the smallest plan dimension of the baseplate.Procedure 6.3 Design of a stiffened baseplate subject to axial load cEc3 | c-Ec3 and major axis bending references | page no. (1) 10 @) as Procedure 6.2 (8) Ona plan view, plot the effective projection call around each element of the | Figure | 148 column, plus any baseplate stiffeners, in the compression zone. Then select a] 6.19 width of baseplate b which maximizes its effective bearing width, and a length of baseplate a which supplies a suitable lever arm for the HD bolts. (9) Calculate the effective bearing width ber (10) Estimate an initial approximate value for the tensile force F, and compressive force F, from: F = Nol? & MeL where L is the distance between the outer rows of HD bolts. (11) Check the HD bolt size required for the initial approximate tensile force F,. If not workable, increase the HD bolt lever arm and return to step (8) (12) Estimate an initial approximate value for the depth of the compression zone x fro X= 1,25 Flee f) and plot the effective bearing area. If not workable revise the stiffener arrangement and/or baseplate dimensions and return to step (8), or if appropriate to sep (7). (13) Calculate the depth of the compression zone x accurately from: 2 Mgy * Neg (2d ~ a) ]° x= tasd|r- |r - 2M" Nw Od Bah where dis the depth to the centroid of the HD bolts in the tension zone from the edge of the baseplate in the compression zone. (14) Check whether the effective bearing width beg is available over the whole depth of the compression zone x (and not just the depth of the rectangular stress block 0,8 x). If itis not, then increase the baseplate thickness and return to step (7). (15) Calculate the compressive force F,_ from: Fo = 08x ber fj (16) Calculate the tensile force F, from:Procedure 6.3 Design of a stiffened baseplate subject to axial load and (continued) major axis bending (17) Design the HD bolts for the tensile force F, Note: As HD bolts fabricated from bars are subject to a reduction factor of 0,85 , is necessary to specify the type of HD bolt to be used. (18) Calculate the bending moments in the baseplate due to the forces in the HD bolts. Take the baseplate as continuous across simple supports comprising the elements of the column plus any baseplate stiffeners. Calculate the moments in cantilevering portions of the baseplate on the basis of simple cantilevers in single curvature bending, with zero moments on the bolt lines, so that no plastic prying forces are necessary for equilibrium. C-EC3 references 6.5.5(4) C-EC3 page no. 18 (19) Determine the effective length of equivalent T-stub corresponding to each bolt from figure 6.9, then calculate the elastic resistance moment Mge gq. for the baseplate from: Meera = (ere? fy /rasal’6 Figure 6.9 130 20) If the maximum moment Mg, in the baseplate, due to the forces in the HD bolts, exceeds the elastic resistance moment My ng_ then either modify the arrangement of the baseplate stiffeners or adjust the positions of the HD bolts and return to step (8), or else increase the thickness of the baseplate and return to step (7). (21) Calculate the moments in the baseplate stiffeners due to the compressive force F, and the forces in the HD bolts, on the basis that the baseplate is supported as in (18). Determine the elastic resistance moment Mgr ga of the stiffeners neglecting any contribution from the baseplate and ensure that Mgy does not exceed Mer na 102. FLOWCHARTS. The flowcharts reproduced in the following pages relate to: 1. 2. ‘The design of a compression member The design of a simply supported beam of rolled I or H cross-section To determine the interaction factors k, and k, To determine the interaction factor kyp The design of a member subject to axial compression and major-axis moment Allowing for prying in simple tension connections The design of an axially loaded baseplate The design of a stiffened baseplate subject to axial load and major axis bending uwFlowchart for the design of a compression member (Procedure 5.1) <> Determine design axial compressive 78824 Teco, NSd, using pata sally factor YF ——t—______, Table 3.1 ‘Select al member, size, ‘stool grade and qualty Table 32 Table 56 Table 5.56) Tables 12 Otarina bck rth sass | __ oemngne secre. y canseagepie blag anata alesis | “Seceeermtatacangeus Tone rawsie | Sgermecinpee sas2my Dating mig 5.43.4(1) Select stronger sectionFlowchart for the design of a simply supported beam of rolled | or H cross-section (Procedure 5.2) “Establish support conditions and points of fateral restraint ‘Determine maximum design Table 2.1 ‘shear force Vd and moment Ms ing patil safety factory a eee] ‘Select tial member size, ema ‘lel grade and quality i ‘Check thickness Infation Table 32 poe ——__1 | Table 56 Classy cross-section in bending ‘Select stronger section Sn ; 5522(1) [Determine ful moment resistance, Me Ra | ‘Determine shear resistance 5540) of cross-section, VR For members made rom Fe 430 (S 275) wth dw > 63,8 oF Fe 510(S 355) wth atw > 56,1 determine shear bucking resistance, VeRé ss 14 ‘continued on nest pageTable 5.21 Table 522 05.23 555(4) or '855(12) and Table 5.19, 5550) Table $18 or 555(11) and Table 5:20, 8550) 87 Table 23 Table 44 No 5550) 106) ‘Determine effective eng factor, k for LTB, Determine factor JWG} according to lad ype Determine sendemess, ALT ee ‘Select bending strength ‘correspopnding toi. YB ‘Determine bucking resistance ‘Mi. Ra between lateral restraints Yes (Check member between ather points of lateral restraints, ‘Check for web erpping at ol loads or reactions Determine design values of service lads for televantservoeabity load case Continued on previous page 15Flowchart to determine interaction factors ky and kz (Procedure 5.3) Determine moment diagram about the yy axis, between points braced in zz direction Tg cross-section Class 47 | ‘Add Ned.eny to My sa Determine v Figure 5.14 Determine equivalent uniform moment factor, aay ae ae Determine the buckling length for buckling about the yy axis erie Determine the slenderness ratio ay |5.4.3.2(2) Ts cross-section Class 3 or 42 Determine jy where by = [ (B14) dy ] + Watw-Waty} (50,9) 93,86 Wey ‘Select appropriate buckling curve for buckling about yy axis, ee Determine the compressive strenath, t. | apie for bucking about yy axis, pa 5.4.3.2(1) Determine exy and hence Determine py where by = (28a 4) iv. NBA (50,9) Nea.eny EE Determine Aatt and hence Ba= Aan /A |642.2(1) 93,96 Determine ky from hy = 4-[_wyNsa_] (1,5) NoyRa ym 16 The procedure to determine kes similar to that for ky except that y and z ‘subscripts are interchanged The factor y is found directly by determining the bending moment diagram about the zz axis between points braced in the yy direction,Flowchart to determine the interaction factor kLT (Procedure 5.3) START Determine eny and hence Nsa ery | 5.3.4(5) Add Nsq ony to Myst Determine moment diagram about the YY axis, between points braced in direction Determine y Figure 5.14 Determine equivalent uniform moment factor, Figure 5.14 Buu for LTB. Determine the buckling length for buckling about 2 axis ee 5.4.3.2.(2) Determine pur from Hur = 0,15{ Buss VBA J -1(50,9) 93,96 [Ba= 1,0 for Class 1 or 2} 7 Select appropriate buckling curve for buckling about zz axis, cross-section | Table 5.13 type and steel thickness, ot Determine the compressive strength, fe, for buckling about zz axis encase Determine the buckling resistance Nozke 5.4.3.2(1) Determine Kcr from far= 1-[ wr Ns] (s1,0) Nozks yu 718 Flowchart for the design of a member subject to axial compression and major-axis moment (Procedure 5.4) START Determine maximum design shear force ‘Vsa and moment Mysa using partial |Table 2.1 safely factor 7F Select trial member size, steel grade |7t16 3.4 and quality ——__¢ ‘Check thickness limitation for chosen member ion in compression Ts cross-section Class 4? Determine the buckling length for each axis Determine slenderness for each axis, i Select appropriate buckling curve for ‘each axis, cross-section type and thickness of steel Sage Determine the compressive strength, fe, for buckling about each axis ——___{ Determine the design buckling Fesistances, Noy Rd and NozRs Determine the design moment resistance, MoyRé ine equivalent slenderess ratio, dar ‘continued on next page Table 3.2 Table 5.6 Determine Werty and hence Bor 5.5.5(7) Determine Aer and hence Be, Wett and pw |5°4 Table 5.12 5.4.3.212) Table 5.13 Table 5.14 5.4.3.2(1) 5.52.2 5.5.5(7)‘Members with lateral restraint to the ‘compression flange at intervals may be dL1pw 2 34,7grade Fe 430 (S 275) ALTVBw 2 30,6 grade Fe 510 (S 355) ‘is member susceptible to L182 Yes Determine interaction factor ky for take ky=1,5], (Check criterion for in-plane failure ‘about major axis susceptible to LTB if 5.5.5(3) Procedure 6.3 5.6.3.2(1) Criterion — satisfied ? 1 For a member susceptible to LTB, determine kur [or take k.1 =1,5] For a member not suseptibie toLTB | Procedure 5.3 set kit =0 ‘Check criterion for out-of-plane buckling see | Determine design values of service loads for relevant serviceability load |Table 2.3. case Determine deftection under service load ‘Bre deflections Table 4.4 > recommended —_——»| limits ? ‘Adopt section Select stronger section 5.5.5(7) 19Allowing for prying in simple tension connections (Procedure 6.1) Flange not strong enough, modify connection or introduce stiffeners or backing plates START Determine dimensions m,eandemn | Figure 6.8 —_—.———_, Determine n from in ($125) 2.8.33) of For every bolt row, determine the effective length of equivalent T-stub, lott (but < 28) Figure 6.9 Determine the total effective length of equivalent T-stub E lor ——___ Determine MpiRe of one flange of equivalent T-stub Figure 6.9 JExpn J.25 ine design force value applied to bolt group, Fis 1s Mota > 0,5 m Fisa Bisa =Fise/N Ec3 of ECS — '1¥0,5m Jn) Frsa N JExpn J.24 of EC3 Expn J.23 of EC3 Expn J.22 of £3[See Procedure 6.2 (Step 10) for alternatives] Flowchart for the design of an axially loaded base| se elect grade of steel and determine ty Determine the concrete compressive strength fed v Ensure that characteristic cube strength of grout 2 0,2 times. cube strength of concrete Determine concentration factor Kj or take conservatively k= 1,0 Determine the joint bearing strength f —t Try baseplate thickness equal to column flange thickness Determine the effective projection, e, for given baseplate thickness t Plot c all around each element of column, plus any base plate stiffeners Select plan dimensions for baseplate ‘which maximizes its effective bearing area Determine the effective bearing area ‘Determine the effective bearing pressure from Nea /Awtt is ettective bearing pressure PH? Select thickness of grout and ensure it is < 0,2 times smallest pian dimension of baseplate plate (Procedure 6.2) Table 3.4 Table 6.12 }6.10.1(6) 6.10.16) 6.10.1(7)t0¢9) Figure 6.18 6.10.15) 6.10.1(4) 6.10.1(3) Figure 6.18 6.10.1(2) Increase baseplate thickness 6.10.1(6) 21Flowchart for the design of a stiffened baseplate subject to axial load and major axis bending (Procedure 6.3) —_—_lL_____, Select grade of steel and determine fy | Table 3.1 1 Determine the concrete compressive strength fod —___1_____—_ Ensure that characteristic cube strength of grout >0,2times |6.10.1(8) cube strength of concrete ft Take i= 2/3 6.10.18) a Determine factor K [or take kj =1,0) —_— Determine the joint bearing strength .f) —_—_i “Try baseplate thickness equal to column flange thickness Table 6.12 }6.10.1(7) 6.10.4(5) 6.10.1(4) Determine the effective projection, c, for given baseplate thickness t |© 10-119) Plot c all around each element of column, plus any baseplate stiffener the compression zone Figure 6.19 ‘Select width of baseplate, b, which maximizes its effective bearing width [Figure 6.19 ‘Select length of baseplate, a, to supply suitable lever arm for ere Calculate effective bearing width, bet 6.10.1(2) L= HO bolt lever arm Figure 6.19 Estimate initial value for tensile force Ft from Fi = Nsa2 = Msa/L. 1 ‘continued on next pagei Check HD bolt size required for intial approximation of Ft Yes initial value for compressive force Fe from Fe ~Nsa/2- Mea /L Estimate initial value for depth of ‘compression zone, x, from x= 1,25F/ (bet) Plot effective bearing area ‘Workabie 2 Procedure. 6.3[ Calculate accurately compression zone Step(13) Revise stiffener arrangement andlor baseplate dimensions 1 bon avialabie ‘over whole depth x 7 No Increase baseplate thickness Design HD bolts for tensile force Ft |6.5.5(4) Gast rasan berg mae ores Denes utes mv te," oedie 6.3 Mmmaxsd vm continued on next page 2324 Determine effective length, lt, of equivalent T-stub corresponding to each | Figure 6.9 bolt Determine elastic resistance moment, Met fa for baseplate from Mata = [lot fyryc 8 Yes Determine moments Msdati in baseplate stiffeners due to Fe and forces in HD bolts i Determine elastic resistance moment ‘Maina of stiffeners neglecting ‘contribution from baseplate ‘See Procedure 6.3 Step(21) Modity arrangement of baseplate stiffeners or adjust position of HD bolts (or increase baseplate thickness Goto B)BIBLIOGRAPHY 1, BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION Eurocode 3:Design of steel structures DD ENV 1993-1-1 Part 1.1: General rules and rules for buildings BSI, 1992 2, TAYLOR, J.C., BADDOO, N.R., MORROW, A.W. and GIBBONS, C. Steelwork design guide to Eurocode 3: Part 1.1 - Introducing Eurocode 3 A comparison of EC3: Part 1.1 with BS 5950: Part 1 SCI, 1993 3. BADDOO, N.R., MORROW, A.W. and TAYLOR, J.C. C-EC3 - Concise Eurocode 3 for the design of stee! buildings in the United Kingdom SCI, 1993 4. NARAYANAN, R., LAWLESS, V., NAII, F.J. and TAYLOR, J.C. Introduction to Concise Eurocode 3 (C-EC3) - with worked examples SCI, 1993 5. Worked Examples for the design of steel structures (Based on DD ENV 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3: Part 1.1) BRE / SCI / OVE ARUP Expected March 1994 25Pye eRe ESE Rte Ad eg Col