LCD SCREEN

A liquid-crystal display
Its a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical
device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid
crystals combined with polarizers

Each pixel of an LCD typically

consists of a layer of molecules aligned
between twotransparent electrodes

1. Polarizing filter film with a vertical axis to polarize

light as it enters.
2. Glass substrate with ITO electrodes.
3. Twisted nematic liquid crystal.
4. Glass substrate with common electrode film (ITO)
with horizontal ridges to line up with the horizontal
filter.
5. Polarizing filter film with a horizontal axis to
block/pass light.
6. Reflective surface to send light back to viewer. 

Specifications :

Resolution The resolution of an LCD is expressed by the number of columns and rows of

pixels (e.g., 1024×768). Each pixel is usually composed 3 sub-pixels, a red, a green, and a
blue one.

Spatial performance: For a computer monitor or some other display that is being viewed
from a very close distance, resolution is often expressed in terms of dot pitch or pixels per
inch, which is consistent with the printing industry.

Color performance: There are multiple terms to describe different aspects of color
performance of a display. 
Advantages :
 Very compact, thin and light, especially in comparison with bulky, heavy CRT
displays.
 Low power consumption.
  Little heat emitted during operation, due to low power consumption.
 No geometric distortion.
 The possible ability to have little or no flicker depending on backlight technology.
 Sharp image with no bleeding or smearing when operated at native resolution.
 Can be made in almost any size or shape.
 No theoretical resolution limit.

Disadvantages :

 Limited viewing angle in some older or cheaper monitors, causing color, saturation,
contrast and brightness to vary with user position, even within the intended viewing
angle.
 Uneven backlighting in some monitors (more common in IPS-types and older TNs),
causing brightness distortion, especially toward the edges.
 Black levels may not be as dark as required because individual liquid crystals cannot
completely block all of the backlight from passing through.
 Loss of contrast in high temperature environments.

Chemicals used
Several different families of liquid crystals are used in liquid crystals. The molecules
used have to be anisotropic, and to exhibit mutual attraction. 

LCDs are used in a wide range of applications, including LCD

televisions, computer monitors, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit
displays, and indoor and outdoor signage.

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