Tl T FORM TP 2006263

@ TEST CODE O2T38O1O

MAY/JUNE 2006

]J CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

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ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION

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PHYSICS

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UNIT 01 - Paper 01

1--l t hour 45 minutes

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I, READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
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l- This paper consists of NrNE questions. candidates must attempt ALL

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'l 2-
questions.

Candidates MUST write in this answer booklet and all working MUST be

l- CLEARLY shown.

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3. The use of non-programmable calculators is permitted.

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JJ Copyright O 2005 Caribbean Examinations Council @.
All riehts reserved.
0213801O/CAPE 2006
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 LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Universal gravitational constant G 6.67 x l0-rr N -t kn

Acceleration due to graviry o 9.80 m s-2

Radius of the Earth RE 6380 km

Mass of the Earth ME 5.98 x 102a kg

Mass of the Moon MM 7 .35 x 1022 kg

l Atmosphere Atm 1.00xlOsNm2

Boltzmann's constant K 1.38xlo-23JKr
Densiry of water 1.00 x 103 kg m-:

Thermal conductivity of copper 400 W m-r K'r

Specific heat capacity of aluminium 9l0Jkg-t 6 t

Specific heat capacity of copper 387Jkg-t6t

Specific heat capaciry of water 42001kg-t 6-t

Specific latent heat of fusion of ice 3.34xl05Jkg-t

Specific latent heat of vaporization of water 2-26x106Jkg-t

Avogadro's constant NA 6.02 x 1023 per mole

Molar gas constant R 8.31 J K-r mol-r

S tetan-Boltzmann's constant o 5.67 x 10-8 w m-2 K-a

Speed of light in vacuum C 3.0x108ms-l

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'-"q='"
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-l l. (a) State the difference between vector and scalar quantities and give TWO examples of each
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[ 3 marks]

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1 (b) (i) Using the information shown in Figure l, complete the table to show the
components of the vectors P and Q and the components of P - Q.
'l
,J vector x component y component

'1 P
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1 P-Q
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"J (ii) On the axes below draw a labelled vector through the origin representing the
,.l vector P - Q. (Show your calculations in the space next to the diagram).

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Total 10 marks
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 A

) (a) The graphs in Figure 2 below show how the displacement x and velocity v of an object
undergoing uniformly accelerated motion change with time. Under the graphs write the
relevant equation and also state what the gradient of each graph represents"

Figure 2

Equation

Gradient
represents
[ 4 marks]

(b) (i) A ball is rolled off a cliff with an initial horizontal velocity of 5 m s-1. Derive an
equation for the ball's trajectory (i.e. the relation between its vertical displacement
,y and its horizontal displacement,-lr). Use g = l0 m s-2 in this question.

<- 10 m _______>

Figure 3

[ 4 marks]

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q*3 (ii) Find the height lr of the cliff.

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[ 2 marks]
.fl Total 10 marks

l (a) (i) State Newton's law of sravitation.

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l (ii ) Explain why an astronaut in a satellite orbiting the Earth may be described
weightless.
as

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l [ 2 marks]

l (b) T.V. signals are broadcast in the Czribbean by means of satellites in geostationary orbits.

(i) Explain the meaning of the term 'geostationary orbit'.

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(ii) What is the angular velocity (in radians per second) of a geostationary orbit?

[ 2 marks]

(iii) Calculate the radius of the orbit of a geostationary satellite.

[ 3 marks]

Total 10 marks

4. A microwave transmitter is set up behind three vertical aluminium sheets in order to investigate
double-slit interference as shown in Figure 4. A receiver is moved around a circular path 1 m from
the centre of the slits and the maxima and minima of intensity closest to O are observed at points
marked Q and P respectively. The effective slit spacing is 8.0 cm.

KS
HIT #
8cm

Figure 4

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*-J (a) (i) The perpendicular distance from SO to Q is 35 cm. What is the wavelength of the
radiation?

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l [ 3 marks]

l (ii) Explain the formation of a minimum at P.

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[ 2 marks]

,J (iii) Calculate the value of the angle OSP.

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1J (b) If a block of transparent material with a higher refractive index than air covers one of the
slits the interference pattern moves and the "zeroth" maximurn is no longer at O. Explain
'] this.

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l [ 2 marks]

'] Total l0 marks

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5. (a) Define the refractive index of a material in terms of the speed of waves in that material.

Ilmark]
(b) Light is incident at the boundary between two transparent media with refractive indices n,
and n, respectively.

Medium 2
Index n,

Figure 5

(i) Draw lines on the diagram to represent the wavefronts of the incident and refracted
waves.

(ii) In which material do the waves travel faster?

(iii) Write an equation relating the refractive indices to the angles 0, and 0,

[ 4 marks]

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-.J (c) A fibre optic cable consists of a glass core with refractive index 1.49 and glass cladding
with refractive index 1.45 as shown in Figure 6.

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,] Figure 6

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(i) Explain how light is able to travel down the core of the fibre.

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l (ii) Calculate the minimum angle of incidence for a ray of light incident on the boundary
between the core and the claddine if it is to travel down the fibre.

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l (iii) Ifthe cable is bent into a tight curve the light does not emerge at the other end.
Explain this.
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j Total 10 marks

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 10

6. One end of an elastic string is connected to a wall and the other to a vibrator with a frequency of
60Hz as shown in Figure 7. Standing waves are formed with four loops in the 3.0 m between the
vibrator and the wall.

Figure 7

(a) Find the wavelength and velocity of the waves on the string.

Wavelength

Velociry

[ 3 marks]

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*"I (b) Point X on the string is vibrating up and down with a frequency of 60 Hz. The amplitude
of the motion is 4.0 cm.

". 1 (i) Sketch a graph to show how its displacement, y, varies with time, r.

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I (ii) Calculate the angular velocity, to, for this vertical motion.

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l (iii) Write an equation, using the values given, for the motion of X.

l /cm =

l (iv) Find the ma,rimum acceleration of the point X.

[ 2 marks]

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[ 3 marks]
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 t2

When a load of 50 N is hung tiom a spring, it extends by 9.3 cm and the elastic limit is not
exceeded.

(a) Sketch on the axes below a graph of load versus extension for this spring.

Load./N

Extension/cm
Ilmark]
(b) Find the spring constant for this spring.

[ 3 marks]

(c) Calculate the strain energy stored in the spring when a load of 30 N is hung from it.

[ 4 marks]
(d) When the 30 N load is hung on the spring it loses gravitational potential energy. Explain
why this loss of potential energy is NOT equal to the strain energy in the spring.

[ 2 marks]
Total 10 marks
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*l 8. (a) 200 g of water at26"C are placed in the freezing compartment of a refrigerator. After
some time the temperature of the ice formed is found to be -16
oC.
Sketch a graph on the
axes below to show the variation of temperature with time.
._I
*J Temperature

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l [ 3 marks]

I (b) (i) The freezer extracts heat at an average rate of 80 J s-t. How long does it take for
the temperature to go down to 0
oC?

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l (ii) How long does it take to freeze the water after the temperature has reached 0 "C?

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(c) What changes in internal energy take place during the freezing process?
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Total l0 marks

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9. (a) Discuss why the following materials are used in the construction of a solar panel for a
domestic hot water supply, as shown in Figure 8.
Blackened copper base plate

Pshaped copper pipe

Figure 8

(i) Copper pipes and collector plate

(ii) Black paint

(iii) A glass cover

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-*J (iv) Sryrofoam

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l (b)
[ 5 marks]

In the Caribbean most solar water heaters do not have a pump to circulate the water.

l Describe how the water circulates in these systems with no pump.

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l [ 2 marks]
1
J (c) A solar panel receives radiation with an average intensity of 800 W m-2 and it is 6OVo
efficient in transferring this energy to the water. What area of panel would be needed for
I it to be equivalent to a 900 W heater? [ 3 marks]
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Total 10 marks

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END OF TEST

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