YVT vu VE TTACuces IK Copier writh alnel nbe

3R
A
 dtoron Selnition d a taotibititn , iound ailese, Vileges 4-SmrounLtia, We
9mmuniy Teninafibni eleplbmaid
twentin, Intnvemtion b imuidtptibn
tato JwndichomTevitoial Jurideton and Clamidicahion, unstien frurlega
ConsA
a Limitatienn Srou nuti, mnnatuo Treatiea : Meanin C

Stat Reahenaihility-Kinds ostat Re>bonsibility Kino wmatom, loeta Sunt fer uanda
GonAtauencaa oPtate RoafonAibility. Kebua Se tantibua, Jun Cogena , Kes en
Temmaion
Gnit I
-

Concept , medea e acauistfon,

State Teovntey
Stenatal RiA ueption paer of 20lo
H spac Varioua Thraiea, Aeril ndaio
or fanmctions im Intenatiomal las
C e eedpm ), Dute Feec.Theay, 1967 n Moni P o 1 .
a soa-Mariime &olt Contious 2oe ciid Esemttal elememta Aslals
Continetal $hell Ercluaine Eco nnie Kone c Condomunium E - T )
CAT

a ish fosa , Land scksd Ftatra, Zntnatieal wRetroactin e t ofKtbgnition H

Thunal o the kaso o ha fea {ihacy CU Cepiem. CKUTOD
Ctii Debine d Doubl Chimmal
unit 1 :
NE TA9 aJin)funchions ipbmate Aru
Etadietion Aelinidion, twhsee f Exdadinkion, . i Kinds TLaten
osal uty, Eadletiem o pelitical OlfendeA, J u Cogena. CAT u )
Dstrine uble CiminaldyRle o Fhecialitg
i hu)? What
A amng. Riaht q Aylams.Hfos o 2on depine dnternstiomal
the diudincton Lchsesm PT.L PPvat TL
eplanntie rgena ulho ari deplamie AgenJa k ha vamining fad Kniprudena)
Glaidicatim Heads oMisston, timchon o cii iscus mtnaiona uslom
doplomui Aerda,.3ke tasia et Irnmuniiea t oweeoAntwn hational l a
 t e De tel o decded cast 2210/R t12 INTERNAT IONAL A
UBLIC
dincude eeto u 2erogni t o
4 d tafe ATRIAD umit I Prteek hd
C) klhat do yau ndor stand by
ha ootd Intunatiomal a
tme utnh Jwiat Jerem
Teitaua udichm ? Digam h inutao
Bonhom m 4o
hie ha en mpesud pon tha nua o
mthahenal a was roon a loD
toiterial wiediciom
im
natioyH" wa Laned Gutam
(u)Euplaio Teutoral ea SS tha
and oud *Bnition &f intonatienalad
ighta otatalst eth stal here a
Le a
Deal a N th hight Amnocemt pomese helerA she hae the eloini ko e
th
art t ea? i
thaanghd ntirnatienal lad, sieh aAelao
Ci)Wtehotea Various thebvies ndis
1.1Oppenheim_Oppemheim*
en spau one oth
B Fhdon t e Hgk SDA mst celebrated authera Public
nterhalisnal la Accodim thim
cuii) E l i s tenmaten Teadties
tisna o ternatimaL lad is
Cui alkat do tu mdenstand by the ame
a
eo the booy Customa
e þeneo?
m 4 Aaylun hignt amd CEnvenbenal ules ich
Lonaideid lesalliy tindms Cvized
embory emisk situatid a tali m. their ntorLõrsl
each sha ia
nm the liot e amt day
hs eldinihsm iem by- opfenteim
anai Amadeqntateel. 3t Aumi lb, AmEauthe

4 atS-aZta Ttg.aaAar
ueuiAid dhe deinition o 1 6fhenhium i uuallatina in
"
Rois delintion o 0itemheim :4 9mdannadrra Fenaiak ptien
la od ule whick, a lagally dainitton
indins m statsa i n t h e e 8ueev Pen Acsding
hest udes a duhAhes shich
essh dho pimiily theee that colleiti
hich ths neladin s t o s but aD m
hae osled t L L
Cirlinsd stat anthu
tates o net bryAubjuta tunactrera hor doalinpa t h Gre anser
lau.duratimaL Obamiaationd and o 20m 22)8)12
Cneneral bnel R
natonal amd Rejional Ruleu
ul d & e
edut, ano imdiuiduals may be Auladests -national J a :
usta enlorud amddutie imteiud by
9inatienal la (1etmg 8 Fiduu vnt) addul ale erenera ules e ntoanatinal
th a ihs uas hd ara
aki nen ky nmh "Ela
eduhm 0pbenheim'4 besk uwnuwessal spblicatioon..
usaa giuen hu Repionas ulea ntenahna!
L.Dpenhlem
old Atr th aa
dainten bee t a Jas wes hith baue deseletas
Ttield wa, me Athes4 had iu in tarticaular hgion, t weid
th 9tasnatinal l Suh netaeen t t e
elknitien

in bauad Am as a i
ad ma
mo e dime Sanas| pfnta ALttdkh enar
omd saiistie
t h body o noalL pinapas
pecitie hulsLthiek aru hind
Th memberae tnotimal omounity
ho7tT27täreta,i 3H T(Pataub
KDORO ATNEmin

AKA GZ
 JadHolloeol 1,1u contiun ud Ja o ashon nttuama
at kaea
Called Cruhettony He told that pulomen Aal Lb6nds Hi aaid
totn, t maka
mwat be eated e l l Authenity bove
er! A that
J4 ho à u u la ioali
Onaccoumt e it, Huse andi Camt bo renced um outude, t Lomes
talled
istalled the
ather e th la natuon
Aom sim
2olo812*L
Merdern u n i t Duhung hium.
&T649 30
whiha it ia
KCitsm_: @Merdesn tuwta vuac3ed Lt em
NaUAL o Intenstonal 1a m t n a t i e n m a l las he

Aa nst ? taeais e that nany

huatua. -9 20t
Cmes tabugh. las makimg
One uieD in t h i
tEANstbnal J a i nt l a u t t t o'cede
Mendern ' u s t doo nt beleve mezal intainati
Sule e tonduat omeral elce onl laAustin tdd emly about th'coomamd
tish
(3) Mam poueuS countu Cenaides intinatia
3 juwist John Austim i tatut aNatuenal las. Fe a m l s
a the maim Amica GonctitdonArt -6) At 6 A . C clan
resanded 4upot e thi
the HL wa Delda. Hia theeyboed en aid that buati a u h e u e las l
im omden Aumiueuiy $toke.hoalee aaid at
tommand He tag taught
hemeuO thue hos han ueilation intu
but doen becomeaeed tiasho t la hen
hat, ha wet o Grerni and 0 s t hesk1. - national state yeuer Aaid
Atma attinde toudand Sntunatonl Las nRintenal lou dbesn't ent aut alsa
AA inuented by thesy la. H 2aid i d to usil t i at
that," ao hi aupporteol imternatio nal
command eAbvenagn ekoe
b anien"A tds the neo nmame esdenactiona ayine at euen lat lass te
# vtelatael , but thaa i neur a
La, e . C hat feniive IMntionaQ meral
is)-
He a i s tat wiunathional las rsthing elae Autien of eistence e it. $ani al
 oloeA e11, 18h cantiuna bud
ud l a s toshion atnuae
Called Cuettond He tsld that rionors drds.
aa Ha aaid aE o e MD
must be e a t e d ell auhrity bove otu, t mak Jaj thua
un 2

On accoumt e_ i t , HuAe Gustiu ahst à buu a Merality

alled the Jathon the Lam b eced rm ,
otaide it tonme
la. o nation o m utim
3elo0l2kt'2 2lo8ar* Merdern v i t y cituze hm-
91L649
o u t c i 3 e d Lt em
1ad: hadhea i t ia a
Inteanstional
kCihs m_: ( Merdexn tuu
Na d
aeaia tha mamy mtounatiemal la h
Aad net?
teme thabuph las making ualiua -9 2 th
One uieo i n thin Aand s h o t
tenauenal JaoA not b t aede
Merden 'uu st -doe n't b.olieuo ne2al imtastord
ules
JaAustin tdd omly about thecoromamd
(3) Mam paueul counDuo Cenaidor intonatuancs
ah Gutish wust John Austim iA
Aatud Natieya las. loL Eaampl
nesarded th ma Auppts o thi
Amoicam Conutitdon At 6) Art6 A.C lonnly
the wa a belda. 1lia Them baned oon aid a t u a t i n aru the
m omdem umiuoLy $tarke hos alee Aaid hat
tomnmamdd. He t a taugha
eed iarhe. A t AheeuOA thoe hoa beon UsUlatin o int
u t ORAn berome a notena
thad he e t T5 Germinui amd la . then Atate neue a i d
Awtin ottihde touDahdSntiunational l o ntentienal lod doen'A eriit u t aluway
bind t usul thoin act
imueced by they da. He s0id H
that, lau is ammand e Abveragy ackss also auppontes intinati nal
a b Aainns that, euon stat lasA t
Aanttem.Htod the neuo name tenoctionl
a , e . c that À) - Pomiive 9ndinshiona0 manali v vtolatael, but
He aud that dunaioral la nthingelse J t i m bf eisdemco it Sini l a s , I e

1 STT 2. qA, TDAT 3.3TftaraT EA a h

Cuvo"y
D V
 heo Custo Gustoe oieinal omd
uea SAnaton a motlédn, by ahid 3nteuntional
ha bAol est Krde oacnipctibnal
rule ol Antasnaiol tad omd ed hu time, it
Deted o dincovele d aa called S 6 c o ua moat impoatanu amorg
Lasas
tha uncas Guslom is he eunduhan teme
mtaanatiomal l a . c 4
he Atatuta ol Inteintiena mndern 9ndennationn las
At 38
Cowt s i a dotnes saunRs 9tanatiemal las Internathonal custam Aisnitiesa AMAPH
atids dinett the cowt t apbly te 1ollaing comduet based cenistent atta o e AR_
and au
Pslult a
Un herot stained th fata
daidins disputeA uuc ooe ubmitt ed to t " - Waste
Piv Itëinationa Lonendtioma. c3iarJ Guttmar uulei a ytalligd Pem
terracional Custonu c statn"- Starke
LGremeas neibats pincihler o Jas he
Cara: "he $cdla Caan" scotia' ia the
uemined bu i i s e d state C73r 7 Z ZNT =ga name ahup
n 1863, Ritis% eave made o m e tulea
mèmt
te awed t h
Sed Judiciao deaiea. Caf Afp toliiiem betuoean hlpa in the ARa
n104, Ameucam
dis éovennent a4e tarMeA mular ula
L Jwutie wesks.c tarUauftsa Jam) Ato Aome me almet.all countnien made imilar
e sed ue is nst dee im art 20 Suules 1e6am nencam Ship Binkine llides
thestatt e anational Co t TJutiu tidm Emsliah shi fcetia -at late night m
Atalatie 'ocean h cençeajuance f th aluien
Abae thiieare fimay so omd L0 thot
Lart w Bikalia had
dnon h e auone e inkhu
Aubudiau a i c . ted a aut tha
the meden me, er mpenaatim asoiat eume
nnnainmal Gomentieni sn h e Ameucam
Sntenatienal onventsa feio. _urume Cout had eleeRatcdsd
deeied h a eare ahe ueatrenaini hsJesr the
be met mpeztart s0uwca ot natienad las.
a Amaicam ia that e t h n b i case
t cludes all en q u t naddecaiund y th les estollisked be fore i@6 3 e
Sternatenal reatn may be dained
thehuler establishad im 1863.?
nlo wu () aemeta Avnerictim krure cavt tnad deided thu
)Partiua care ase utk ulea e s t t i s i n
hhelp o 1863. *
Ena melea: 0) 18s9} 190o7 b h Girkihie i d not toltovet h a t rulë a a
Hague Cowentiem f
Se) Grnenera Elretool of 92 S. itelid Aot haed enoua At a n heqrured so ikhhnt
i949. emtamaatien did nstavardes t the cwne eink ihh
/C) h e £emeul convedien of
3hna cose had decided im h i year 1071
 <ourt t e l d uaiaA cuala
uimay Arune ahe tolt hat "ohat eedom Jhu ha ma uue
bont iar he Lmmunl
are ane alei
JA ab saelstcemda. witit
tte meamm (maia) b sele hene t y im thu tim So
ca ulea o.o a
Aupum coct
Odeul tum t ve al! Meve4 ohiclA.
Judiat t 2 laimeel a m acll u 1ltn andel
Appliatiow ol Custem oto soliar\ the date utuch tha4 ols d
y ene o pastio, imtneni dum
oe that a
<enta custemiany ue AfATHTC+o ko tu)
intinatiend a emist. o
h cayt vuat Hen
imuesteati whetur tha customany u l of terationl
Jans enista e not
n mhder me, th motana
deAng A8, t
esamumen all feaihle uatt
materials mtanatenas has dectnd
ueh a r a a whce la
reatic, Atat 1aticea diplo- e

eatat c a u t amd
Gneneal pairi olas heoNArd by ciilnes
juaiati wmki.ctarazf2azir zaa)
CCai faqruete Habama Gase »
(19o0) 145 S. 677 at h i incipal la A ruen
U too in At 24
carr had baro ro 1) 4 tho atatiute a n t e s natrenal e u t d /uttai
been clecled b
auprine
cot Ameuca hee warl wo h p r tiat Bgemeras puupala of la uern
faayuet Habama amd h 1ela. aner
of bot Ahibs iidined ntate rneantel there finipada uhich tha
wa a
shenid bject ae ived i n akital J Cab
i eem euegniad by mot o_all th statza of t m
AHavana" m iss8, Ananica declaned a Cormounity im h e u dzeatie tas ( r seeqnnon
ev
sain Sþain. Luin the Prerlaimatien declanaten E Contracta a r to takt in sded aita
A n , beth t v anifa were catens t u iah m the he igut fA aeense c Unlauful attack)
aenisk u a ain carto dues Cubo. cth ahuh ae ee Coeensato a to be made
wm Culo otr catkms he fiabs. aisk. e
USA lerkasle t
Judicial Daciaiona+ Judicial clecisign aa t
,Nerh Cat. Ameucam waahif seanged s c l i a n y UuCe of Amlena
h ahin bt La Under h e
hes ounded onby iahen heading, judicial decraieA
seldiers enauvue with the vuu memba b amd tebibitieng ham 6ean ade
UR memeA by e {ellourn
cepritu witt o m - nas memmbera
e
denatienal Cout o Jtie, gtat caut deeisios u
had umteund abot s aa Bt amerudan
setoliera take " u r a t i e wmla Juistie
1le a ut ia uAime cat o Ametka Aona 9toLnatiomal lal
h ow ner von antanmt tat ktia ia h a a i d tat
ielh

rin
 k juat t
t h 1ascane +alk Relahioraki tessin the inteunatonal Las a
Tt. hai ale Sihe m a
eatom ute Gny
knno lat mAnitl l Moninm Dualinm, inhmai
md mdiam Phache
Like thia
3texnatiena la that t y e uules
unich *gulater elathons amen ubsert qintennaT0n
2ntunatiemas lns Lad
DAda he uAt e A a A e s Muncihal lar i a l s knan a stat Lo
a t h e r a t i u e evder ot n o the A w t e qt OR Natenal ta Municiple l a s i that lo theic
intanten la i Sat 3 h tatutt s
temtaned uithin toumdlares a tt
County burpec
Sntanatienal Gat f T s t i a
Sntaunational Gonvenitisna
SoveUnamce
he rteee of intesnatremal a s ii
itaanatianaf Castemma maintaun geed
n e r a l finibrk las icog nuaed y selatum bseem counirua
hne ae tioe maim thaelea een
ciilmod sht
Jadicial checisiema Selatiemabup ietwan intisnatienal amd munkle
las
Tauristi
s MoxSMAcerdins tus heery all ladi are
CEsT)madde e ndiiduals enlt Municiplk a
$anetiona in imborud iA noluná em
tuntiena lasfenalty them
diseetl-and internatiem las
umdeuintenatienal
Legal ysum A e i A a - t i n a t i e n a l aametien din them Uaa
en sthtes Since, teth th
3h a i t main uicA jains iu aemade toislue tie pleblamy o humam
iccerdng To enR
ie Ltehatisnal s A A heg tett axe relats ts each ether
lack dantien
3naccerdance wth te sth ies, i Hai Kelsen" u he main suppater d
mgto hi theery
ninrnatevnal itns 1ametie. He hem Auatria amd
Chapte U d a i d that ecenemic in Uieva preo las
dometion c a n te a t intenational laLS ia
amu wrist H daie
a
imieeed againn asat -hen i Auperier to mueipu lacs,
bnck
U
þeaa act assneue, ten iuzuuty betaue tdtoLminer he
Dunck phee of operato o
proid d alwuty uniciple la
funiymet u
cumes etsaxd DuALISM Aecending to t i i
iancten in these, vunicijle lau
puble opinn teatgeat
Ja teanatienat and im ational
hu are antion Aeparti
la
n rtenato Loaal aystem
and make am en
huy ammbat an ndiuidual a tie iubjcet mica s
1TV 2 a7Rz s
tetr gitama uencommen hee nem
 utia pati
Hem ha
A eamt f tha cordtitu
tutibn o US P
e alaa
chandajsetid imtannationa! la At L
maAe
umda a i Aniui
h eeigin o munial las ua ile hata t n eatios
of stat ile eugin_imtarnatonal las a ba tha t 2 w r o o
Unitod dala, shall
Comnmern i l t t e stostsa i s u r l e d tha VIsA
a n 490 7, J a s i r AAafat
m l s t i cGbittD t Jhomaim authete t t n a t , n conattution, ethenu
Loe t h i thebry s Janhi Mokat
Uiga
Ae in Ttu. He wan e maim taliam junit Ha j a
Aet s 1 7ba r d i a n onatrite
2 5neliam ractce od
hat mmune ipla laus in auterien t intenatien l a tatzs
t t a t ruesnt c i pomet intenatienal teaca a d nwiky
&ut bot tlheeie a hom cotoin t -amo honawrable A a t e beua
) maintaimn
ena uck. B, it l mecessay enaldler M a
hahenM
pratie and roay las
ii Fostei neseet den mlonatonal
$tat Aactices a a ra RAD egandins ebligatien.
dtiona behieim munz e f stanatia las dissut hreusc
C mcswna seltlement
n lridan, auustormat hulea af wbitation aT rg tE A 3RT Z n À
B i h e Paastice
intoenationa las amd theatiea

appliud dlrety. Gitam, u s t m a g l ah4eiplss ding the Tzelatien shif shoa

Guatoman national las im
e 9nternational a o 9rritinal laus and munueibls las. Ou tactia
eaual t BAt rattica
BRatod as a
at h las the lamd povides
sn* rpic prdpr
to

it hat 48ma reatiea

Jjt cnctieras Las n Aecedng
n etan, hecemaj tpemun,
Theakia
must tciue the conaent o ariament unkarnatiemal tenAem 6ne
Truatie hich et he Aigh e faopla B r i t a
ho poe,
teraait in 3tainatiena la
han ecaine the csn a e t he a r i a m ent t
meari ontitt utuek toassa inunation
Poenal i calles am itoanatienal tern
VsA gandng the
2 Ameicam ?nta+ 3he fradice o a bret taratisnas
uda Snternatimal arsa
CuatEmar o
menthts ma he demed to fa
etia, e amarican.pact inabtieal osnst
Ro aning 9nnaiona
 amd dilie aud dsliona oplaniaton ecaune coaso
9tnetional
Rightn
ecint 1toriornno8ad
Aautng he nbaety .coeled
atcbrelu 4y M3enam EIK or
bindin teanatievmal elaim anoalahti
V a n i o themia th 9loa ka a "Vasslons" e Tt
ragarding aubjest j starmton l rtts sn alata
G.hv
Ktetata Stat Whem e lal U emdenL
Reearog the subjeet oj9toanatonnl lad
e 4eaty tha
thote are thnee f-opulas temeaa ceTaa zro)
olministrat ion cartaim imtentam.co mlerratihna'
: Realiat heoy Ascondins thu theeay,ltet a u a l a t i o m h i f aostablyaed
akta t cUmollnsA alato
tt abjet toanahienal a.s ceen lwo nation noun -an pratectoalin atataa.
2Pietional they ha tleaey la the prstoctims alute la not v a of tha
Accssdme t eoleetcd la
a'ie te
LAdiuLaka 4bjeeta the t bond
teAatitmet Deaty rndectine stat
Las a thett-
Realst hevt
cam ecmemben of 9lenratienal ergaaten
ia the D 2derm
functonat theo 2 teor y t huen a a tr&tect92at 9nolin
e t ne Junetional ttey . vuaty ura ada betvcen 3httam Imalin.enel en
ardid A tta met apptopat theoag. 19t Builam beanne he member ON

this i
elean ly atated by ( A a Sh
Aceelind t theory n 9 N 4 9

tt Snteational
ntes natinetcuurt of 3ustuce Vaticam n Tke uatkam
9nlctrma tonal la. Cit H Sea aty o
njati an t e subjeta
ovesegn atate tetee e eliioueead
chi rerutei )OPHheaheim alussatael aes
Vaeal Satu A vassal tate ne
Cathstie stai
D name Ualicam Git 9 1929, Jtalian goul
mden the 13e amel hem accam
soveLgn itat
A z AVanal atat i debedent ia it
mattera, ct i
nternal vutto e ete
ete peNmxieut cotrere
Ktaut S
a
be ameiéer
u dVasral stat am n
 he c me
he Cornmonweab oNatem '- h comnenucalth 4
Not t mmit meeida
Nt t idmap litlenate
hahm am arstciaten|
persennels idin
amd
Comit avunol huyackt ng
iree eual mation vhud verL at
tthe
Aom etn e a
phactiseabarthed c-s ,usnet
ndividals de bee
Earlia i t _ w a antun aa hs fugh amnd
dutiea under tanatiemai las
Commemseatk natoma
t headauantoru
tuates at Landm Gut in 1946, t e ies ' @hsh
ga ugnicanma,
waa daepped
i neitiu a stat 1811 aEa 26I642
nc nattte u e
ahe eaamtial emasanites
- stat amn arotiatm e ce- eferotem in o a im
uluL, Aeiti amd eeucatie oi udene Statia the main
ased o cemmon agect f tnats
las dhatiem Jaw. Arcendind tfalmmd- Slae u a
cemmuunzte L
people nieh han been taiyhed e Am
obectiue uch, a s ntnnal r d e
anmd etesnal
ndiidual subjeetas
qj Jtenationas lans Rls seuriy
lad he Monteedis Conentien 193
indiriduas n 9nteanetionas Las e
cdasical tennatioral las, ight amd dube atata. Merledis
the catital
mdiunduas boatid as Uhuguo. Thug tata w a nst d
anciit e ntenatior in t h i tenietienn
a amd nst as ii h u i e hai been
Aubped
disóded ncw Accerdin t t 1 tu
the at LEmveni
Ovict han ne ught and duties hils os aperiei ef 9teunatena a
po the r
suba a ishta amd duties. e , ne indirdua elloumg aalicatom
a
abet nanationai la Aemanent epulatien CTRITSfi FaaT)
Righta indinduala Human Righti. A ines
twoiteay
R t tomaka petitidn T efer the m t A evenmemt.
CRRD
nauon e u m eu
Dutie o imdiutduels : Net b cemrrit cataci temtb Lte elstions
atata
Not io it way crime CNst veilat the
les alara ] Souaj
ndepemded
 &m
unit-I* Ouen met changing
vtuulipna miamA , tam u t n tati h l
Recosnuihen {ro stark Say 1hat necegnihon i a
opaing gouesn met onaid tuEthingh
a umdla o imcennutent amd {lud
atata aticea n a of atabiltg
na net elear 2Supkot
of hs pepulrten
The mandh h a t y BduLeA man Lke ue oemutien f dat, ecvdriton
dhames', he A d i4 ue t o m e n t Just. euexn oet isaleb cdinvuievauy
i e h a d Bondord aid that thu trpic shall be Aombuad
atata
hiul A e cam
heies hera twe princapals theo
deueleped sac he Recognikien a
Aohion
e maintans halatien t amether Aata Aoognutian
ComAtititina. cfAatonzaas)
Deinitron Actesdime t OpPE NHE sn Ci2 Decdanaleu cagoTHdo
Tm, acegniten,
nes Sata aU a memberof 9ntnational
Cemmumi Om eristing Gonatitutina Theb aha *them ettachea eat
t a t declase hat n
mbefance the å t
hropinien ne aë 4ultLA alu the chroditem of huceguimAecending to tha hes
siatahood ANed by Stantiena! l a A
ocgRaten
Undiberaible ter amy.t
EruT statr than dusrien n 13.3.
ecedrmutien t Hlamd
&bbedheim m d Aralatu
ia a d i e a r a t oluticeal) ar
Re Recesnitien i a hetitreal a t . maimAbeiters e i A theoy h i a ia the
In 1974
eintime 9nolla Bam_ladesh c a m mto
cSEwaed t but Chuna diol net Dectarataz on Evidential
amt theu u The
heduc Ühe
Recognition et Brouanet Recegnitien q wnment metanca, g LcoSnitem. m heey aaA that
necednitien A et hut am
meamA tiat h e emiating acenouloclseremt e an

hecogwn tat conaidor e aards t , as

establinhos tact Stehosd ia
reoemu tiem- mdahemdet bt
For ntatiue Hallamd i e r b wra the am
larnatinal prtoA thia tab
aeua mei damee 1housh uwr
hesr ae ce na
Comtituctienal nean.
Revalutienaid meam *Cosec Vies leae ivo heseus make
hat ecosnidiom A neither
 e e o nuton A, To etat
De facte
centttiue la fus final
ke " e tuth het cetsele A e
Acer d to he ta Re onutien
he ama
bstiveevn heae t heorie CT tha ene o
melHh tachakion la" i
he bilk 3ale dgrrpratice 9,tonatias Sa
1uts Jamea Sagen 4 Co
ubtost der ladtny hemy Gae
I921 3kB s32
ele vac ceattud ue
ta wetwell tR noum ama tobedor
cnaileed, um
Aaiet Us
thie it e n ter reeognitie there wR getnment
CAa Sn thia caR,
at icegniacAatat eove met acqiac amu thale ceme a met s&uO e t i n UscR n i 9 a
tati the owia 1918, s&vemevt h a t e n a l n e d Ud Jirzbd
necgniing tateay tha h e mill
ethar Lodusty ovtet Se nmet Aakem eua
1920 Oi|
Modea Recosnikom De-fact necogniion cana
2CtaTUAFDa o Dhe plonti4 mdo i a natiemalitism i
amd made a -Covbad
a o m e A t o O SSK
De Same fagon
pwchare tthe timber
meana that i n tte Planti4 4ileda i t a s u t Jamaa
De-aeto e sognitHon Ha claimed the wded whucl delenel ent
etinien o recognising stat ager 4
pwrchase w h i Me claimed °title em the wt
te o conme
tat evememt Auognae tamperaril e Raand that it tad em hia k
the canuinenmenta a i e l d o y de ree he
Pe enaly tulLu t e wa**Eriacaied by t u 919
am pincipal t e r t e t i m e t he poavtidt man that n
ntaatioa ka e he aticitatien
Lemumay eeet umien a n net becm necognintk b
antouatinal he
uuen aan Sugarded by Biituh u o m e t Eiet_g&aLnm i dee
oiat
du juu hantd not be Seteg mLed
Butar pcto mareh i6,1921ad Whm e tane tame blne tt ca
em teb 1, 1434 A&UNet
, th aueniment hadno
meam hat in ttu en tiat imstame
neosniihnn t t l u Bidsh
et bem reesgnined by gesment,
oinion T
osniaine Ue cuet deuded t eae
ttn2 th t a t er ovemmentAeahiae Jemvally s e i n d e t HSeeve an e
tie equamenu laid
e eimanety a f l s
fe ectrue tas ticitatis Ra to hod i a ccgndio t t s ned
m hu imtotienal cemi nhmit cost sevssLA Canena
 caac zelaklisk
age combam a to
t4 4
beasd 4n tha belicy o a ues 1ssa?
isa- CiaL Air Thanabest Ammeratd Cetis B
Thamsot openatir
Tatiem dlter. hiu u teple tsheh net u s 3)ACo uteactu
aleadin taAe en the
tentdelled by gid uler o t uteal los
e Ac utvon 3 this i , the apbellanti i
d me zutat day thet tue ENistms corten alen in D w a stut of UsA -and tis
uglerud sDa an w t ttrem m d e r th
atat: haut dieton t ac et t eaonde»t ceteratiov
cenits
a t Rehliy eeghiey is deferd, ufon the matienai in mert ef Ghina t
nuduuton
eic tu atat China Chuang ka shek ied auray Forrreaa
t canmam h istendert Co p o
Gongaauemt
mce >ecognuten a t dLec larid
Pecgndtom akse eed awny {ew engkong Pekine d
arceveled, testaim lsgal trwarda h Paking 2&Amenf h e fekng
laalt
evexmet declared Ankndevt crrtenaten w a it t
ese enes Re.cegnitionm cenee P u edmg auay {rem Chme, ths gver hmet Chian
atateatatu umeer intanatunal and muniipal les
fast at can e On
amcd A t Ka shek eatabluahed t a headaruartern n feanena.4o
egnad = o n e aete December i2. 1e49. h e natiemaliat seoeanment sod
a calta he rentre to am Americam t a n - a t a
Lang Rvmg e cewt had t decide e t e h e c haare
ka-Shek Fevernment was entitled t sell i a trepert
acouhiin tooti b
notten werds, the cmta a d o eleade he rrtseactiw
De ue niion etna eme iuen cant the amt a de- jne e
eest ADcegntin to
ihdam de- tact Atcoeniton tan bee
t n d a n bicaus i t i peuisien and temkerang hend imm a l s s said t h a t there ie
Aticaetue eet a da- 7ure Aie
tAamcegaue -{ocde tuegnihon h geenmet uhon
Anlad in Jam, 191e. A a c oithdad t e t , 1918. zhs
ageamet i d nst m e a m that t iigal
ash periormed by E t r d e - u gtvenmetundd
ine:eanet da- ato ueguhm bieerme invalisa
USSR a 4 ama
Sy i - m 1921
tiBsibm
Aat n ie24, ÚSSR

tthes
Retreaetiue e e t et Reosniten Recognition
de tato el da-us
a neu tata amet - av
rilreatiw elect e
ttat meaty Aeegnusd
act
atatia geut analie ogniaa. gue iuls
 JK Cnpierwth ColotLokourperfnems
ordinan.ene
75.GSM
.
S
ordinar naner
 Sucasi ugaading membenahit oj tennatinat ronibiton en ateuentini zh psinital ne
Amtiventionrhan ngt hau
anikion
ConAtittion or l e vtenat
tonal .

Qt tmh meal
40nmAluatnd in UN habtan
w ltasdy
u 1ation eclude ablity of uessi 4 honter which tohib
n o At 2,chat
At 3 t UN Ca4 in ambUaA
« daali o 4 oct 19s a ha altains of
nda am
sla
uginal member o Un. At 19va, 9ndio Aah Even in r a t in froi bfad
Contnded the memmbersiu en te nouid d uccis J0Y dt
he a tat
Lntnse Pra
Sucamin in naspeet Sntanadenal éanisatio 2kientien by nuitation m amsthn atat at
las eganding ueces\te n imleuationa
amation has becm Inuitatien. Eu 9,1987, dnda Peoce keopin Fo rce
wn by te^national Gaut of Juthe
m e imutattan
qeal i e s in ita adund tpinien m slatun o tenentd by m$ilomka.
imoitation n
n908, dia imtoweened
e aart toek the ures m
Mcldue C v e m e t o n do 40) becane u
uspeet of
internatienal ergmmatiom, t e Aule stat sucCate
aplius tha nalure axd uncfien of e u and ras
Guounda ot 9ntowens*om Anatienal las doeanat
harusatiem AreliiiA intavetien
isciumdaricu" Ha kelen
1911la22
bawel of ey-denae 9n
Srtnvemmien ece ding to opbenheim- "stoawenaien sel- &efenee hFtata ha
acas aul -dskenas a tat.
adictaieial intanjiimu g intanvene in the ai o a n e i s atal
stata h e o a i sf anethan stati f e tis
ahia tinipal a s bem lais d a n by- Daniel
puspore maintainins e ateins the artual Atat n tha
Amenucam èecnetant
ABndihon inz1 webat
vems'on m ta inianal CoAeune im 184 1. muA
hor he n ected -derjena
entana medins o a sinh Whn intiurensien
leavin nd thoiu ot
htusomk be nAlamd, ounhelmin
ben Ald, he tah nÐ memat fou doliberatinn - Y V O
hic t d b e het manraLYamd
Talentenreai ON dhantn amd al datenu .
s nipal,
Ihverlmunt ploc "tnii-vemslm colleetiuo
imdiridual intorvetiom w heamd aleun

2. Corpra, t io n
4st AT nofmally a nam2
 m Aat si UNhastu on Tevütril Jurindieion
Limitehian uutoria
Ae atack od y e l dtde to 16ne 1
t ia ubgete
Bt haslos i hio
wal alsed
m
net clenr fol: h
nitationa
em
2 Humamitariam avemten'On thha Mat puiles amd
ound, o-ly tha eceA UTY
Uniumities
UN am intanrema
th hour Derk etbeeiently
uielatio camde
uma Righ& i of urh ar immun
mbaaa immuune em t
mang nitde hat i t poasuss bnont " Embananen z a a a )
intasnational windictiom d atat Asent
peace and bosers breac alloroed to enlO Amto embas4 witthot
2nnatienal pence not tnis
3 Collecte pernision of Ambaasb r2 Comiiene.
Sntwmteni Under
aeet d uN ehor,
eunity counil u Foreign Foueneián mo alaea Aumd tutomay int.
emrDee ttake colletin ettaw
thwat o
4 thau a & Atata c
intuntional peaa. C Konea im 19S0 Feraign aveneign nat
tavatien. im Giuil Sar Whan thane a iil wa aJeral coust e
t the niteial juuadictiem
tosnitrial
tati mlin they vodunani bmita
mwt teep hia Aule u bared om
hemaewes alovt oe i t re uncisal e
intaunal has ne nothes neasen
matt o thet stata t
i irie a ia Au adhbeity eanearual
d to bhin immny ia tormiti amd ueripriaalty
pnsesz oat itanatienak
e hen Und u ^arbonaibla taka dacosiemt immunu ove all the ha
Cengo 96 dat
fereign med cea timAereihn bwops a
Aaddnmittesl bya a t n
tot lafal
JwrisdistienSiat jmidition meamaakata conehon, the ed a that a soti i e h admuit
shich a
cenpetamce aumeel eree o gorua iendy pose umpliel
eue ita to»itey.
emga muama meertakea met to.enercise a wisdatom bdy
hesal vompetamce legshtriue,
a aa nst to impar the e i i e n d deu
acministatin amd udiinl toeemu.
Tovutarinl Suisiion: uAheri a -etati emertisea ciuil
Aoucoundu pomiaed i m that i t ano
omd uminal àwiadibidm. i unctiomg
ta feAAema md t h i n uithin ih t a t e y ,
twadeual wuedieion hna a am-attribut Agn 4ahpa amd theiu kd breisn w t p

aIRTRaT 4.4 adTt (Gad ba)*EA

 1
i membern amel m
GdA bwnd anaim nynmittind. o uh ay auaa s u
windiction umelsn alat e m m
Jlas s troitlima Alat
eneceiuing stati rh inss, h0alnni bity t a t h
hlpaars Kemain o hu tlo a nisa d lock dillignee n
3hvan amdher accendn tb u l e s Castal lat
cmd ik huu t taka tans aaato stul b amhonder, a , imynUA
anitaion oehamd in hu na wril i
9tunational Oanationy 9.0. uel as U o a Mock Vislonts Tnitos t1at, Diplmodie omd GuropA
ANmmunL o Uvito i
uinsition e
sdata u
immunuty in anlod 108 13 Pa} 3) in an
thad imtwnnatioal
enguninatien Asmk otrdently hee u
aBety l o aneling thu Un chants (piue, f oruAM Tnilitonta ttackod Arnuram 2rbann
munut), i946 ituted at Vam a n i e n s u n m e t i d n a tion
414LL499
2414112K*1a -ame otovad at o mulitarda Act h am u n

Sta Respanibili a stada art e avidshon ct imnatenal la amd it tod

When -o
muAnBn pensat, it v a alA ba intpnationas amnl
iolah dut
etoblised by rnnatiemal stice i tha veltion ef rtehna torntentrun
lad it hall be hepanail
e h a t state Luhwe ughtahas bun uislota Councla tonuemtion
unund *Cordearuenas $tah Reshomibilit n 3Jnratuma
Jadta
KindA e _tat Reapanaibili r du tup mes f n

tat kspannibilit wspenuibiliby vermall ciorharsed thtrus y

.Dint Atais Repensibilty. csaW T I aatien kradi
3aI ) s o r d Reparatin' v a emeur T m a e 1t
2- ndivd tat
Reponaiilik c t r r u zcd7ZiN Ccuden vauu nethodn sheh helaaR ar
1. em a t to t fonai bility &moy be
dueharsed
DirecStat Reponaibil n dinu l a t atamaibi
bheach o itonational ah.huhoo, omBhenatio Cindsminty)
a etitastie
lidatisn asrd tba oto: t amiuny had
DRRM esrd byt t e igna mdiridala o a stti, 1 Restidhhen '4 Rtitutn miamn to re- establin the
u n Na in i u t hostemsiplu itutien shielh uuld haue
m o oonsul Lristzd
Stia am ousatwn aet mmiaLtom a d taken
2 rdinnet Stet Reponailil
chizena, emel utien uigh asunby hen ndeenty ( unvptnaton
w
1969, Arieanahul
dyn at ckatie
 UnitL-
Stllamd al enbloaded and 240 per Abm eu »
illsd ecerdmg ohenso.im-
Stdu Teniben tnnitnH that
heeunity couneil of UN hasitel iaedutun m a
CTda) Jalined
dinbjestod
22 oaction l eu h stat
ttha
ame
blaimed the aciien ibya and oldnd t 11by t
hal
mesugat a t a did notiimg U agcum aosi Moueaidrit
o u t i e amd
Am a m
edeneAal t Louniun not hilf 1
ca sa eucept tom médica . ALLEdamce wt
Now, AAbv tha m
uo t cam
t amel ( 2 ntz
eutum Gxa secae Aad4
u4 imuestidat
hebdcd Ja Slate twriter
eu u t pezen to t nedudes Jand
an ld m Festtland 1hu ial
toniterial aea
One e
Hoilamd but the udfa wan a $ esttipubyucb
A uaa
a - apoace, untir. ipit
uuteet ult den amd md a t n a
inntat 1ija tembeeled t cmpenaat 2to bi ottur ta
io tatu
UsA
dwrianrd
3atiodien_Sn atistaztiema atat partm suck
CHHTLTTn a nic mau dad t ee at. ModA Aeauisuton otaa Tevrc
th mothedi a ejrussud risai and-pule an e.
. Ovcupotien Occuotien CeUtin
n o a r a i n i t even T i t ,ne
Ca 3 m lene (193s)*I m wos he nann
Alene" d haAonRinu t h e er tat (agr
nesitMd im Camada. hia ship imusukd in
uaing iqe. Onethia
dat 12 N.m
atib on at
hen US contunrsa C k t i l benti) n L d i u ahp but th
i T e r a nulu, meama met umelu th
ahidid net Atop. Ate thot, t u
amd a r t
castiunnda ellaad t A T t e a ma
kaing. e buRig nity « sthe a t
enceapuama. o nich tha a ha
Im AAma
tartesl buins neiab discoverd net a m d i T saris nit
cangt tiu Carda said Oceupatien ahaald be elteetie Some irat
a i t a n A . edatiem
1a cenetien. ecevdin
t i enemien, a * am std
ahp c a n be inuttud and
ARavud aut hare ahau4
tratce
ream eliectie Gcautatim,
C dleeidid that Us sa ra o
omd
stslogi latter
utd_hals pay 2Sso at mpunaate Kospaaiomu
ca Aolmnininbatim
91U645
2 Paervuption A state
matatgruina uadouyA wnbtiu amd camnlso ranslin itonL Lhabao
ruaeription, uhon Atme baby - makins pooon
toyditibnM
atulille Like
foasesaen of the twuutory musl be
RLeiseitu a stt ma aled acanie tenxe
ftaceul 1ot im i mhabitamla
u l i e amd Umit eviptad
SIuen laidoj Ask a t r i t o y q be minged
loasession shouAd be theld Jainy and jei lnns otlhes Adat ho baat exampls of , i i
me et ham In 196 3, usoat Tam wuld adela d a
fome ist seud hat
eccupaton and
eipton -cus bame buud ther a 9ndonaaia
th Comion
eint of" tuua -nulU andtlobjeot n uay1
Aort oniah slati ca
acauin twnidtny m pet
ocAtn Accuten meamu adelihion o l a imcmd ameng hem - w m n n t e bnt
AUUitey o stat tosn{h openation
n ia a im tnatienal Rivers e a tuo catagary f
utlcame Japon anc h blort Piers Nationas Riurr amd
tevolcame hih is mele l a "n
operaten nabwr Stanational Riors
RirE Riues wtith los throus
AnneKatten mnenation meeima derciob. acayuinition oitori a Geruena t a t a r e um
nxlteay eme atu by amsthis.
9ntanatienal Riuars Riuer ile Danube,
n atul diaslak), Rue Tham C Emgthand) et
amnemaim, ferta l a slecol he t a t
ete en main hee Neud, thia mbcla ncn beeome thoush iel u as
oe nom oL
illesal Rekaiam t a t thre th toneluurian
Arccereins to A t 2 4 UN h o n t i ea e
asheimmit eu Farakea mue hetwean
h A moale ho daelond dligal o i a amel Paatnt n.Bamgladh
ee 4 a hard Re tt
nut o, vedk.
Coen his ja e bistmoda Geasien the
- .

CTardo) tamales e s0ueusnity e o916649.9

aitoy
oom tat msthas tata
Avutey nan o la rallld"-ocaiinin
Aoto amd the tate a h i hame tts
etati called Cesluns a t "
One aauine n t o y
 UJu Uao
*HIR SpaCE ne St ceNeruer wan
AVApace TRIJ mam o Ase po alne
Valamtina Tnkoua Dt.
oladane
wmaM A e
e Auspac ewa touign toitey.
*RokDah 4Freden to
andisg.
$homa -at AUdove A "ne-taaltie tburpere"
2 udem to amd
tha an aatt ma l.
Vauova theorin der ebair, enby foi ula, am
A pace ia
nagnding ATR-SPacE
opem enawailasls al, And 2herderm to take cn cay Daltte tr6m
t
Aivaa e all ha t a t rnat to
pan thsugh t plas
without an e ai ralt i Anistonea th tmpis
tuçtonecaune enca
y a raiu
e n t be aspnetiatod Couvit 9 meama teedom to take bal
2ha louser one avspaee bolema to aubjarevt the plars o ationat anoradt
data: CI) U a u t a 0ne ain apees Faudnn to cohy alkie om nugn cotu
ia upen go
all taten that Aacs shera ioinecratt i gaterest
sih knoun as the frelem te
ihoue tha nld.
*Skaee in tho na antaui mcbeind.
a abaeo uT am umlinmuiteel helhta Lmaim 6-31-k2
erineb m d t h a tbuolL e ajamcatatat
A stati h a ambol Outen aa t mag be doin-esl a hat au
eun te an peu wnuuAe USri atnen
tvitery u t tha
AMmõtav a levth endA haaia alae en Apace la Spac
ape e jo2aign ein edainrat las er to h i hmam
hvw a
AAAudati actiuity SA
contrevesy amone ell plaued a ue astiue 1ele
at' unctianmal, 4overignih hagardimg th
Oute fpaee Theat, 1967 2 tas ben ad
9G?. 2hau ae
ADdabt, 1? a
1 344,
Acnia Navigabi Chia EAeedom A * S, ole sarolim t i .
tehabemal
Ciui awiatincenerumue Awm i l s a t cheags. Main pAooiaienA E
CUs A) . adoftod a cenvertien.
tata has th
i a enetien appuiA eny t o enplene anel ne eurt
paee ncuelin mbenn nd ehe celLtial k
u i ainapta anel net fen hene abdaltj i A ithadE ang
disuminationOMA
 o inBntievas: la
oma
0utox pace dnclucdime neen amd sthen calantias La ofSea _ 3h necnaity La.
beien AAtEns Aorst h a t clansical as #
cam be atepliatsd maom that
Camt be 0 a aivndsn sla mto L pant Terctoal ea
acquiseed by cu ndelo
aealition CUme High fea Terideias aD wan unce
O t r bace ahall be used kohol d cotal atat ush s n i s 6en tor al
ley he atalatortiea tot Snth tost, ha ferpla had ne brntase absul 7
w i a ne tin um
Fhenelata Aea LuTD boaicaly tumd
tcAm aae blcause scismce uon ngt dudlsperd at t a t tima
4 tata harien b the beaty 4hould gard athoma
wth he dwetotned aisna ue zt l a krau
ene enudys oL akind ame ahall a r e t
thwm l l posibl aiutbnct intha -Dodge u r a ha2 c o m e s t h hamder ata tha
t s aido etobiamant o ON
emsma landimms
AAtati porty to t reaty i laumehan my o n n LuDA haled a t reneva in t a witgprlemo
in -
bRet et spar an that objeet in 19s, u t t meat inportat csrho ia tha
RAtue nTat atat ,thm Aat stat ahall1 thind UN ert conlien On thu las f nea e m e
eur aueh a
hetain indihen &bjet 'amol any booki, ik As 'UN CLOs-II i c h m e a m i Unt ed
peson nel hatin cenvantion on (a oas a
se -), id d
6ta totu reta ahall baar intunaina
in oui hac md anld in Nes o p in l973 anel i t u a adrpted
riporbilite actiity
4982 n im
heilasicalboelia lika, culetal Lonuenti an gned
into um
in 1982 but i t camne ight|
Jamano
394
h convention jn ona t u milustorn
Od6Ba his onJetiem, umit t m , tnia
e uhun aver {one tida amd upar pele come into tora -and ug ht i
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