NAME: AYESHA YASIN DHANANI

ROLL NO : A19091

CLASS : SYBA ( FC)

DIV : 1

TOPIC : VIOLATION OF RIGHTS OF WOMAN

INTRODUCTION :
In India woman from all cast and classes suffer from discrimination Exploitation and neglect. the
state has made very progressive legislations but their implementation is far from satisfactory.
Some social customs and traditions beliefs cultural values give secondary status to woman. The
ultimate solution to the problem of violation of women’s right lies in the drastic change in the
mindset of our people. In the contemporary world voice of women is increasingly being heard in
the streets, in the courts and in Parliament. Yet issues concerning women are not given priority in
society. The women in India have always been considered subordinate to men. Although various
efforts have been taken to improve the status of women in India the constitutional dream of
gender equality is miles away from becoming a reality. Human rights are the minimum rights
which are compulsorily obtained by every individual as he or she is a member of human society.
But it has been found that each and every right it off the women is being violated in one or
another way. The crimes against women in India are increasing at a very fast pace. There is a
need to discuss the right of women separately as women represents more than half of the
population of India. Yet she is discriminated and violated in every spare of Her life. Only women
are a prey to crimes such as rape, dowry, bride burning, sexual harassment, selling and
importation, prostitution and trafficking etc. It has been repeatedly said these days that women in
India are enjoying the rights equal to men. But in reality the woman in India have been the suffer
from past. Not only in earlier times but even now days also women have to face discrimination in
justice and dishonor. Violence against women commonly known as gender-based violence refers
to violent acts committed against women with the victims gender as a primary motive. Violence
against women is very common especially in developing third world countries and even in
countries with over suppressed societies for example in many regions of the Middle East. Even
in developed and modern nations still today gender- based violence is not totally eliminated and
still exists though comparatively the rate is lower than the underdeveloped and/ or developing
countries. According to a United Nations report at least one out of every three women around the
world has been abused some way or the other in her lifetime and that too by someone known to
her. According to a WHO report the impact of this gender- based violence on the society is deep
and directly burdens the health care services as women suffer serious physical injuries, death,
sexually transmitted diseases, miscarriages, acute depression and many other psychological
health issues resulting in weak and low physical health. And the states have to bear heavy
economical costs in billions per year. Rape and dowry related violations are also very common
resulting in harassment of brides and also dowry related deaths, particularly in certain parts of
India and other southern Asian countries. This violence is exercised not only by the husband but
also by the husbands’ close relatives (mother, brothers, and sisters). In India patriarchal system
is strong. Husband dominates wife. Women have limited opportunities to experience &
development. They have inadequate knowledge and experience for work in both areas like inside
and outside of the houses. Due to that they are not capable to take important decisions. The
condition of women workers in unorganized sector is a matter of great concern. Ignorance, lack
of skills, seasonal nature of employment, lack of minimum facilities at the work place, ill
treatment etc. several studies on women workers unorganized sector revealed that exploitation is
rampant in this sector. They are forced to work for low wages and in poor conditions with no
security of work for future. They lack a single employer with whom they can negotiate. They get
money on piece-rate basis. They are mostly concentrated in home based industries as casual
workers. In the unorganized sector the women workers are preyed upon by contractors and
middleman who exploit their ignorance and dependent existence. Low wages, late payments,
lack of benefits, waiting at contractors’ place all have increased the pressure on women to meet
the basic survival needs of the family, they have been forced to work for many hours under
harmful and poor conditions.
AIMS :
When we think of gender we have to think and study many dimensions rather than one, because
we cannot find proper inference by studying only one side. In this research I have focused on
women-men inequality relevant of economic, government policies for women, their development
and status of woman in society. The aim of recent research is that to study the effect on women
of the Gender - Related Approach by UNDP on Economic Polity Decisions of the Government
of India. Women must get the benefit of health facilities, political, economical, social freedom
and what is government doing for them. I have focused on theses topic in this research, we have
studied the status of women in India and get their good position.

OBJECTIVE :
1) To study the contribution of women in economic development.

2) To study Gender development approach to evaluation of economic development.

3) To study the United Nations Development Programmer’s (UNDP’s) gender related approach.

4) To study the impact of the United Nations Development Programmer’s (UNDP’s) approach
on economic policy of India.

VIOLATION OF WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS IN

PAST:
We got 70 years of independence, India continues to have significant human rights problems
despite making commitments to tackle some of the most prevalent abuses .I presenting this.
Article focus on the said these days that women in India are enjoying the rights equal to men.
But in practically, the women in India have been the sufferers from past and even today also,
they have to face discrimination, injustice and dishonor. Let us now discuss the crimes done
against the women in spite of being given rights equal to men. These points will explain that
continues violation of human rights of women in India. Even though strong laws at the national
level, women and girls across India continue to suffer routine domestic violence, acid attacks,
rape, and murder. The government has failed to hold public officials accountable when they fail
to enforce policies designed to protect women and children..

DEVADASI SYSTEM: Devadasis was a religious practice in some parts of southern India, in
which women were married to a holy being or temple. In the later period, the illegitimate sexual
exploitation of the devadasis became a norm in some part of the country.

JAUHER : Jauhar refers to practice of the voluntary immolation of all wives and daughters of
defeated warriors in order to avoid capture and consequent molestation by the enemy. The
practice was followed by the wives of Rajput rulers, who are known to place a high premium on
honor.

PURDAH : Purdah is a practice among some communities of requiring women to cover their
bodies so as to cover their skin and conceal their form. It curtails their right to interact freely and
it is a symbol of the subordination of women.

SATI: Sati is an old custom in Indian society in which widows were immolated alive on her
husband’s funeral pyre. Although the act was supposed to be voluntary on throw widow’s part, it
is believed to have been sometimes forced on the widow.

Forms of Violation of women’s right :

Violence against women has been defined to include “any act of gender-based violence that
results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women,
including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in
public or in private life.”
Freedom from violence and fear of violence is essential to the full enjoyment of all human rights.
Under international human rights law, States have an obligation to refrain from committing acts
of violence against women (for example, the State is responsible for ensuring that soldiers do not
commit rape) and to put in place laws and policies to prevent others from doing the same 
Violence against women takes many forms, including but not limited to sexual violence, sexual
violence in conflict zones, genital mutilation, and domestic violence.

1)Sexual Violence : Sexual violence includes rape, enforced prostitution, and other forms of
sexual assault. As with other forms of violence, as described above, States have an obligation to
prevent State actors from committing sexual violence against women, as well as a duty to adopt
laws and policies to prevent such abuses by private persons and to ensure the effective
investigation and prosecution of those responsible.

•Rape and Allied Offences: Rape is the most heinous crime committed against women. Rape is
essentially a power crime that uses sexual intercourse as a tool to demonstrate dominance, be it
in the family, or in the political or social sphere. Rape and other sexual offences can be
summarized as follows:

i. Rape during childhood

ii. Martial rape
iii. Custodial rape
iv. Rape in the social sphere

2) Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones: Sexual violence against women is especially prevalent
in conflict zones. Militaries and rebel groups have used rape and other forms of sexual violence
as a military tactic against civilian populations. Sexual violence may also constitute a crime
against humanity, and the international criminal tribunals for both Rwanda and the former
Yugoslavia have prosecuted individuals in connection with sexual violence committed against
women during conflict. 

3) Trafficking in woman: It is an organized global crime which involves smuggling abduction

deception of several thousand women and girl children. The majority of trafficking occurs for
commercial sex work and more than 60% of those traffic into sex work are adolescent girls in the
age group of 12 to 16 years.
4) Domestic violence: It is violence that occurs within the private sphere, generally between
individuals who are related through intimacy blood or law. It includes both active and passive
violence. The primary and substantial victims of domestic violence are women. Domestic
violence include physical abuse sexual abuse verbal and emotional abuse and economic abuse.
Domestic violence Act in 2005 to provide protection to women against domestic violence.

5) Harassment for Dowry and Dowry Death : Harassment of women for dowry is still
a major problem in India. There is physical abuse and mental torture cause to the married women
for dowry. A large number of dowry death are reported every year. Many women are either
Murder for dowry or they are forced to commit suicide.

6) Sexual Harassment at Workplace: This form of violation of right is faced by large number
of working women in the work environment. Sexual harassment at workplace include:

a) Physical contact and advances.

b) A demand or request for sexual favor
c) Sexually colored remarks
d) Showing pornography

India’s abuse of women is the biggest human rights violation

on Earth: India is at war with its girls and women. The planned rape of eight-year-old
Asia in a temple by several men, including a policeman who later washed the clothes she was
wearing to destroy evidence, was particularly horrific. Asia’s rape has outraged and shaken the
entire country. Yet sexual abuse in India remains widespread despite tightening of rape laws in
2013.The culturally sanctioned degradation of women is so complete that the prime minister
of India, Narendra Modi, launched a national programmed called Beti Bachao (Save Our
Girls). India can arguably be accused of the largest-scale human rights violation on Earth: the
persistent degradation of the vast majority of its 650 million girls and women. And this includes
the middle classes, as I found when interviewing 600 women and men in India’s cities. This
everyday violence is the product of a culture that bestows all power on men, and that does not
even want women to exist. This is evident in the unbalanced sex ratios at birth, even in wealthy
families. But India also kills its women slowly. This violence is buried in the training of women
in some deadly habits that invite human rights violations, but that are considered the essence of
good womanhood. Speech is another basic human right. To have a voice, to speak up, is to be
recognized, to belong. But girls are trained in silence. They are told to be quiet, to speak
softly, Deere bolo, to have no opinions, no arguments, no conflicts. Silent women disappear.
They are easy to ignore, overrule, and violate without repercussions. . One woman is killed every
hour for not bringing enough dowry to a husband. But dependency is still presented as a virtuous
habit and independence as a bad characteristic. Dependent women have no separate identity and
are legitimate only as mothers, wives and daughters. Such women are trained to put duty over
self – the suicide numbers are highest for housewives.

Violation of Human Rights of Women in general

The Indian Constitution guarantees certain basic rights to women, which are often
being violated by the traditional practices or by the system prevailing in the present
society. These rights include Right to equality, Right to education, Right to live with
dignity, Right to liberty, Right to politics, Right to property, Right to equal opportunity
for employment, Right to free choice of profession, Right to livelihood, Right to work in
equitable condition, Right to get equal wages for equal work, Right to protection from
gender discrimination, Right to social protection in the eventuality of retirement, old age
and sickness, Right to protection from inhuman treatment, Right to protection of health,
Right to privacy in terms of personal life, family, residence, correspondence etc. and
Right to protection from society, state and family system.

Violation of Right to Equality: Discrimination against the girl child starts from the
mother’s womb. The child is exposed to gender differences since birth and in recent times even
before birth, in the form of sex – determination tests leading to feticide and female infanticide.
The home, which is supposed to be the most secured place, is where a woman is often exposed to
violence. In India, men are always assumed to be superior to women and are given more
preference.

Violation of Right to Education: The political status of women in India is very

unsatisfactory, particularly their representation in higher political institutions, Parliament and
provincial Legislation. India ranks 109 in the world classification of Women in National
Parliaments, with 11 per cent in the Lower House and 10.6 in the Upper House.10 Thus it is
clear that there is male domination in Indian politics and almost all the parties give very little
support to women in election despite their vocal support for 33% reservation of seats for women
in Parliament and Provincial Legislation. The Women’s reservation Bill that was drafted in 1996
and introduced in Parliament in 2010 is forgotten text.

Violation of Political Right: The political status of women in India is very unsatisfactory,
particularly their representation in higher political institutions, Parliament and provincial
Legislation. India ranks 109 in the world classification of Women in National Parliaments, with
11 per cent in the Lower House and 10.6 in the Upper House.10 Thus it is clear that there is male
domination in Indian politics and almost all the parties give very little support to women in
election despite their vocal support for 33% reservation of seats for women in Parliament and
Provincial Legislation. The Women’s reservation Bill that was drafted in 1996 and introduced in
Parliament in 2010 is forgotten text.

Violation of Right to Live with Dignity: Right to Life as under Article 21 of the
Constitution includes Right to live with dignity, which is equally available to women. Eve
teasing is an act of terror that violates a woman’s body, space and self – respect. It is one of the
many ways through which a woman is systematically made to feel inferior, weak and afraid.
Whether it is an obscene word whispered into a woman’s ear; offensive remarks on her
appearance; any intrusive way of touching any part of women’s body; a gesture which is
perceived and intended to be vulgar: all these acts represent a violation of woman’s person and
her bodily integrity.

Violation of Right to Health: Malnutrition is the major cause of female infertility. The
World Bank estimates that India is ranked second in the world of the number of children
suffering from malnutrition. The UN estimates that 2.1 million Indian children die before
reaching the age of 5 every year, mostly from preventable illnesses such as diarrhea, typhoid,
malaria, measles and pneumonia. The presence of excessive malnutrition among female children
as compared to male children is basically due to differences in the intra – family allocation of
food between the male and female children. Normally, the male members are fed before the
female members of the family.
Measures against violence against women:
There are several government and non-government organizations working towards gender
equality and fighting against all forms of violence against woman. Following are some of the

landmark legal measures and acts pertaining to woman’s rights.

• YEAR ACT/LAW

1829 Abolition of Sati act

1856 The Widow Remarriage Act

1871 The Female Infanticide Prevention Act

1929 Child Marriage Restraint Act

1934 The Devadasi( Prevention) Act

1961 The Prohibition of Dowry Act

1971 The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act

1994 PCPNDT (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act.

2005 Domestic violence Act

2007 Sexual harassment at workplace bill

CONCLUSION: Violence against women is a problem around the World. It affects

women of all races, ethnic groups, classes and nationalities. It is a life-threatening problem for
individual women and a serious problem for societies. In many countries, women fall victim to
traditional practices that violate their human rights. Violence affects the lives of millions of
women worldwide in all socio-economic and educational classes. It cuts across cultural and
religious barriers, impeding the right of women to participate fully in society. Violence against
women takes a dismaying variety of forms, from domestic abuse to rape, to child marriages and
to female circumcision. All are violations of the most fundamental human rights. Some women
fall prey to violence before they are boom, when expectant parents abort their unborn daughters,
hoping for sons instead. In other societies, girls are subjected to such traditional practices as
circumcision, which leave them maimed and traumatized. In others, they are compelled to marry
at an early age before they are physically, mentally or emotionally mature. Women are victims of
incest, rape and domestic violence that often lead to trauma, physical handicap or death.
Moreover, rape is still being used as a weapon of war, a strategy used to subjugate and terrify
entire communities.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/27/india-abuse-women-human-
rights-rape-girls
 https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/youth/action-on-ending-violence-against-
young-women-and-girls
 https://ijrcenter.org/thematic-research-guides/womens-human-
rights/#KEY_WOMEN8217S_RIGHTS_ISSUES