Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Applanation tonometer
User manual
Copyright 1
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Contents 3
Page
Copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Device safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Notes on installation and use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Intended use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Disinfecting the measuring prism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Preparing for measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Measuring with the AT 020 applanation tonometer . . . . . . . 15
Checking the AT 020 applanation tonometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Conversion table for tonometer readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Metrological check/maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Metrological check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Disposal of the product within the EU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
4 Device safety
General
Warning
Correct operation of the AT 020 applanation tonometer is imperative
for its safe functioning. You should therefore ensure that you are
thoroughly familiar with this user manual before using the instrument
the first time. If you need supplementary information, please contact
our service or authorised agents.
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Device safety 5
Caution
Each time the AT 020 applanation tonometer is set up or moved, the
measuring element must be set to 2.0 (use rotary knob 1, Fig. 1). The
measuring element holder will thus be at a defined position.
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
6 Device safety
Intended use
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Description of the device / Assembly 7
Measuring principle
The AT 020 applanation tonometer was designed for various Zeiss slit
lamps according to the principle applied by Professor Goldmann. The
measuring device, containing a measuring prism with built-in optical
doubling system, is mounted on the slit lamp using a tonometer bracket
and the applanation surface is observed through the miscroscope.
Further progress has been achieved by the use of a comparatively small
applanation surface requiring only small measuring forces, as
introduced by Professor Goldmann.
Professor Goldmann found out that the counteracting forces of corneal
rigidity and capillary attraction of tear fluid neutralise at an applanation
surface of 3.06 mm diameter, so that the applied force corresponds to
the intraocular pressure.
The applanation tonometer works on the principle of force variation due
to the expansion of a spring. Therefore, it does not require any
maintenance or readjustment.
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
8 Description of the device / Assembly
General
Á
1 Rotary knob of graduated drum
Á
2 Adjusting screws for horizontal and 3
2
vertical adjustment
3 Measuring prism
Fig.1 Controls of the AT 020 applanation tonometer
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Description of the device / Assembly 9
Use the guide pins (4, Fig.2) to position the tonometer bracket (2,
Fig.2) on the slit lamp und secure it with the fixing screw (3, Fig.2).
Fit the AT 020 (1, Fig.2) onto the mounting pivot (6, Fig.2).
The measuring prism must be fully visible in the left eyepiece. There
are two adustment options for the purpose:
1. Horizontal deflection of the measuring prism can be corrected
with the two upper adjusting screws (7, Fig.2). Use adjusting
screw (8, Fig.2) to correct any vertical deflection of the measuring
prism.
Á
2
Á ÁÁ
3
6 7
8
4 5 7
1 AT 020
2 Tonometer bracket
3 Fixing screw
4 Guide pin
5 Guide holes
6 Mounting pivot
7 Adjusting screws for horizontal adjustment
8 Adjusting screws for vertical adjustment
Caution
After the adjustment, make sure the screws on the applanation
tonometer and tonometer bracket are firmly seated.
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
10 Description of the device / Assembly
3
2
1
4
1 Fixing screw
2 Guide pins
3 Mounting pivot 2
4 Swivel arm of mounting pivot
5
5 Adjusting screws for vertical adjustment of measuring prism
Fig.3 Tonometer bracket
1
2
1
2
5
Á
6
Set the tonometer bracket (4, Fig.4) onto the microscope (5, Fig.4)
so that its pivot (3, Fig.4) for holding the tonometer points to the front
and the two fixing screws (1, Fig.4) with washers (2, Fig.4) fit exactly
into the holes of the tonometer bracket. Slightly tighten the fixing
screws.
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Description of the device / Assembly 11
Set the AT 020 applanation tonometer onto the mounting pivot and
push down as far as it will go. If necessary, slightly loosen the three
adjusting screws at the tonometer base, making sure to retighten
them afterwards.
Centre the measuring prism whilst viewing it through the left
eyepiece at a magnification of 12x. For this purpose, use the
adjusting screws on the tonometer bracket. Focus the eyepieces
beforehand!
The focus of the front end of the measuring prism should lie in the
middle of the swivel range of the tonometer arm.
To check the function, set a scale value of approx. 2.0 and press about
2 mm against the measuring prism with the fingertip. Fully open the
slit for illumination. Swing out the projector laterally by about 60_
and clamp it. If necessary, correct the position by slightly loosening
the fixing screws and shifting the tonometer carefully forwards or
backwards.
When position and focus are properly set, tighten all screws. If
required, the tonometer can be removed by loosening the three
adjusting screws on its base.
The tonometer bracket can remain on the microscope.
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
12 Operation
Caution
Disinfectants are aggressive liquids. It is therefore important to heed the
directions for disinfection. This is to ensure a maximum life of the
measuring prisms of your applanation tonometer.
Caution
It is urgently recommended that a measuring prism is used for no longer
than two years after the first-time use (a measuring prism can be stored
indefinitely as a replacement part; wear begins with the first use).
Caution
Please follow the instructions on the packaging of the measuring prism,
as well as the instructions for the use and disinfection of tonometer
measuring prisms on the homepage of Carl Zeiss Meditec
(http://www.meditec.zeiss.de).
Please note that practical containers with holders for several measuring
prisms are available from specialised dealers, so that mass screenings
can be carried out without delay.
Caution
When using disinfecting solutions other than those stated on the
CarlĂZeiss Meditec homepage (http://www.meditec.zeiss.de), it must be
ensured that the material does not attack the material of the measuring
prism. No guarantee can be given in such cases. Never use alcohol for
disinfection!
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Operation 13
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14 Operation
For the measurement, ask the patient to open his/her eyes wide. The
examiner can assist by splaying out the patient's eyelid with thumb
and forefinger. Take care, however, not to exert inadvertent pressure
on the bulbus. The fingers should rest only on the bony eye socket.
Warning: contraindications!
The AT 020 applanation tonometer should not be used if the patient is
susceptible to the anaesthetic used for the tonometry. Utmost caution
is also advised with patients suffering from corneal epithelium lesions or
keratitis, infection of the cornea (fungus, virus, etc.) or penetrating eye
injuries.
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Operation 15
The patient's head must be positioned in front of the slit lamp using
the height adjustment of the head rest so that the eyes are level with
the red marking of the head rest.
The axis of the measuring prism is set at an angle of 6° to the axis of
the slit lamp. To ensure that the measuring prism is centred on the
patient's cornea, the patient must look at an angle of 6° to the right
(use the fixation lamp!).
Swing the clean, disinfected measuring prism of the applanation
tonometer into the optical path. Set the graduated drum (1, Fig. 1)
to scale mark 1 so that the measuring prism is at the front end
position.
Swing out the illuminating device (slit arm) laterally to about 50°,
open the slit fully and switch on the blue filter.
Use the slit lamp to align the measuring prism horizontally and
vertically to the patient's eye.
Operate the joystick of the slit lamp to slowly approach the patient's
eye until the measuring prism touches the patient's cornea.
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
16 Operation
a b c
Fig.5 Measuring patterns produced by the applanation tonometer
Vary the measuring force by turning the graduated drum (1, Fig.1)
until the inner edges of the green semicircles touch each other
(Fig.5b). The two semicircles must be of equal size, have a fluorescein
ring width of about 0.2 to 0.3 mm and pulsate uniformly. When this
has been achieved, the applanation surface has the nominal
diameter of 3.06 mm.
If the measuring force has been set too high, a different pattern
appears (Fig.5c). The application of too much fluorescein results in
readings that are too high, whereas too little fluorescein results in
narrow semicircles, thus producing readings that are too low.
Multiplied by 10, the value read directly from the scale of the
graduated drum gives the intraocular pressure in mm Hg (see
conversion table on page 20 for converting these values to kPa).
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Operation 17
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
18 Operation
q If the fluorescein ring is too small, the tear fluid has dried up during
a longer measurement. In this case the pressure reading will be too
low. To obtain a correct result, ask the patient to close his/her eyes
several times and repeat the measurement.
q The actual measuring process should take no longer than 30 seconds,
otherwise the pressure will be reduced by flowing processes.
q The axis of the measuring prism must coincide with the normal to the
corneal surface. This is the case if the fluorescein semicircles lie
symmetrical to the separating line, as described above.
q If this condition is not complied with, patterns as shown in Fig.6 will
appear. These patterns require the slit lamp and thus the measuring
body to be repositionedĆ laterally and vertically.
a b c d
Fig.6 Measuring patterns requiring correction of the tonometer position
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Operation 19
Note:
The check at measuring drum position 2 is most essential,
because pressure measurement is of crucial importance in this
range.
Check at drum position 6
Similarly, the tonometer can be checked at scale reading 6. The check
points are then 5.8 and 6.2.
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
20 Operation
Scale Pressure
reading mm Hg in kPa* in mbar
0.2 ă2.0 ă0.27 ăă2.7
0.4 ă4.0 ă0.53 ăă5.3
0.6 ă6.0 ă0.80 ăă8.0
0.8 ă8.0 ă1.07 ă10.7
1.0 10.0 ă1.33 ă13.3
1.2 12.0 ă1.60 ă16.0
1.4 14.0 ă1.87 ă18.7
1.6 16.0 ă2.13 ă21.3
1.8 18.0 ă2.40 ă24.0
2.0 20.0 ă2.67 ă26.7
2.2 22.0 ă2.93 ă29.3
2.4 24.0 ă3.20 ă32.0
2.6 26.0 ă3.47 ă34.7
2.8 28.0 ă3.73 ă37.3
3.0 30.0 ă4.00 ă40.0
3.2 32.0 ă4.27 ă42.7
3.4 34.0 ă4.53 ă45.3
3.6 36.0 ă4.80 ă48.0
3.8 38.0 ă5.07 ă50.7
4.0 40.0 ă5.33 ă53.3
4.2 42.0 ă5.60 ă56.0
4.4 44.0 ă5.87 ă58.7
4.6 46.0 ă6.13 ă61.3
4.8 48.0 ă6.40 ă64.0
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Operation 21
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
22 Metrological check / Maintenance
Metrological check
Caution
During the service life of the instrument the user is responsible for
having it metrologically tested in compliance with national regulations.
Carl Zeiss Service will be pleased to perform the metrological check and
possible repair.
Maintenance
Caution
For cleaning and transport the measuring position must be set at 2.0 in
order to protect the measuring element.
Only clean the outer surfaces of the applanation tonometer. A cloth
slightly moistened (not dripping) with diluted detergent is
recommended for cleaning the casing of the tonometer.
Caution
It is urgently recommended that measuring prisms be used for no longer
than two years after first-time use (a measuring prism can be stored
indefinitely as a replacement part; wear begins with the first use).
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Disposal 23
Where the product or its components are resold, the seller must inform
the buyer that the product must be disposed of in accordance with the
currently applicable national regulations.
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
Technical data /
24 Manufacturer's declaration
Technical data
Manufacturer's declaration
319300Ć9231Ć000_GA_GB_251108
0