Philips Somiconductora Linear Products Product specification aa Programmable seven-channel RC encoder NE5044 SS DESCRIPTION “The NE5044 isa programmable parle input, seal output pulse width encoder, A mulplexed dual inoar ramp technique is used to ‘allow upto 7 inputs tobe converted to a serial pulse width ‘modulated signal with excellent inearity and minimal crosstalk. Fixed or vatiabo frame rats can bo used, extemally controle, for ‘9389 of damadulation, An on-board SV regulator eliminates power supply sensitivities and provides up to 20mA current capabilty for ving external oads. FEATURES © 3107 channels, extemally selectable ' Constant-current dual near ramp for Bnearty beter than 0.3% lntomal voltage regulator fr tow dit ‘© Wide supply range 45-120 ‘© Fixed or variable ame rato sot by oxtomal RC ‘© Extomal contrl for channel gain or range ' Versatie applicatons: axponentl rates, mixing, al rate, revers- ing, ete, © Compatiie wit al ransmission mediums PIN CONFIGURATION D.N Packages woor [3] [id vee woura[2| [5 vaco ovr ala] Fl} moecar | rut (@| [3] sernes | wor fal mana wour [8] [3] sen. ourrur | sourr (| fl ourne | ono | [Fl rac Tor vew © Industial controors '* Remote-controlld entertainment systame 1 Security systoms * Instrumentation ecordersicontrols ' Remote analog/tigital data transmission ‘© Automotive sonsor systems ‘Robotics APPLICATIONS eons «© Radiocontcled aircraft, cars, boas, tains BLOCK DIAGRAM vee Songer therato PARALLEL ‘t 2880 2, = oes % T* August, 1904 ‘2st eso.an40 13721 MB 7110826 0079580 LOT eeePhilips Semiconductors Linear Products Product specication Programmable seven-channel RC encoder NE5044 ORDERING INFORMATION DESCRIPTION T6-Pin Plastic Small Outine (SO) Package, 16-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line Package (O1P) TEMPERATURE RANGE | ORDERCODE | OWG® 010 +70°0, ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* PARAMETER Supply voltage Reguistor output current ‘Sera output poak current (Constant current gonerator Parallel Inputs, range input ‘One-shot input, frame generator input Tr ‘Operating emperature range: Tse ‘Storage temperature range NOTE: 1. Tan28°C, unloss othorwis stated. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ‘Test Conditions Th = 25°C Voo=10V using Test Circult, unless otherwise stated. srmso. PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS rn Tow it [tae] Power supply requirement as [Power expr tage a = — tbo | rome eontroanare rng antl po a saa | - Wotage regulator ee TT tour Output current p24 SV -20 mA te repulaen | Tacos 00s [wae [Ww atiplexer in___[tconee Tear 30 [ao [om Vin [rstvtage ange Tags 750 7 pet Cressi LM August 31, 1994 1262 M@ 7110826 0079581 O4b eePhilps Semiconductors Linear Products Product specication Programmable seven-channel RC encoder NE5044 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS “Test conditions T4=25°C, Vog=10V using Test Circuit, unless otherwise stated Symoe PARAMETER TEST CONDTTONS om aT wwe] typ [War uiput pulse 5G Se te Poston vatioupettine | vaso | oo | soso | oe Poston eal oer z = Poston ope woamae ue neo Peston PSR. eve 12 ce cn fo fe Roo Be [28s] 0 [a Sarton ape Ign 06 [1 Ta [enka arent Pros [oe Aaa O78 v my _[Rangoiputvotoge eae | u Fema te ae) Recnaone hl ena recto oa fv TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Outturn Frame Tie (8 Re Output One-Shot Tie (a) 8 Ro T= 25 tus oan tate Open) cpnoanr [vnanae= ie Yu vours) ——> a ae out Staton Vga va Consistent Curent vs Ri put Curent wd t 5 tal 1 g 7 ‘enn » sas August 1904 1260 @@ 711082b 0079582 Tac eeePhilips Semiconductors Linear Products Programmable seven-channel RC encoder Product epecfietion NE5044 TEST CIRCUIT Hy Yee ane] ae P* CIRCUIT OPERATION ‘The NE50¢4 isa programmable paral! input, serial output encoder, Containing al the active circuitry necessary to generate a precise ‘pulse width modulated signal with 3 to 7 channels. The number of ‘channels is extemally programmable by grounding unused contro! Inputs. A multiplexed dua linear ramp technique is used to provide ‘excellent ineaiy, minimal crosstalk and low tomperature dit. An ‘on-board SV regulator eiminatns power supply sensiivies and has ‘upto 20mA current capabiity for driving axdomal loads. The encoder ‘can bo used in the ficachframe mods of, wih the addition of one ‘extomal NPN transistor, as a valable-trame encoder. ‘The muliploxor functions asa strobved voltage-folower so that oach Input, when active, appears as a high-impedance input (>1MA) and transtors the input votiage tothe output. Only one ofthe seven Inputs is active at any ime and when a given inputs inactive, it ‘appears as an open circuit. The high-impedance muliplexer Inputs ‘eliminate ioacing on contrl inputs and simply mixing cruits where ‘Several controls may be mixed onto one input. ‘Channel 4, 5, 6 and 7 inputs may also be used to select the dested ‘number of utput pulses by grounding one or more of these pin. ‘Tati, by grounding Pin 4 (Channel 4 input) only the frst trae Inputs ofthe encoder wil be used and a 3-channel encoder results, ‘Grounding Pin § results in a 4-channol encoder, and £0 0n. Thus, ‘any numberof channels botweon 3 and 7 may be selected. Internal voltage clemping prevents encoder malfunction I any input ie ‘shorted to supply, ground or open-ciculted. The remaining channels Will continue tobe encoded except as noted above, This feature ‘August 31, 1994 MH 7110826 0079583 919 a 1284 ‘lminétes catastrophic faluros due 1o Corio pol oper- or short reuts, ‘The constant-current generator isa bidrectonal curent source ‘whose currentis set by an extemal resistor Fy, where: Ya lo ot ‘The current generator altomately charges and discharges the ‘capacitor Cayyx. An intemal feedback ioop maintains a constant current and very high output impedance. This yiekss a typical linearity error of voltage input to pulse width output for the encoder ‘of loss than 0.1%. An extemal capacitor, Cs required to insure stably of the feedback loop. ‘Two high galn comparators, C1 and C2, compare the vellage across. Cyqax withthe muliplexer output voltage and the range input voltage. The input bias curents and offset voltages of thoes ‘comparators are suticinty low 80 as to not infence the overall ‘accuracy of he encoder. The comparators feed the counter control logic which in tum controls the counter and current gnerator. The ‘operation of this loop Is as follows: When Ic is positive (sourced {om the curent generator into Cy) the capacitor Ineary charges. ‘punt it reaches a voltage oqual fo the muliplaxer output voltage; ‘assume this tbe the volago at Pin 1, V1. At this time the output of (C1 goes high, which reverses the arection of Ic (sinking into current {generator rom Cyux)- Cyax now lineaty discharges unt reaches {he voltage set on Pin 12, Vaanae- At this tie the output of C2 ‘908s high, which again reverses the polar of le, clocks thePhilips Semiconductors Linear Products Programmable seven-channel RC encoder Product specification NE5044 ‘counter, and tiggers the output one-shot. Cx again charges up butnow C1 goes high when Cyuyx reaches V2, the voltage on Pin 2 “Tho resulting voltage waveform on Cx isa angle wave whose postive paaks correspond tothe voliages on Pins {through 7 for the frst rough saventh peaks and whose negative peaks aro constant and equal 1 Vaawce- This wavolorm is shown Inthe fst Porton of Figure 1. Independent contrl ofc and Vi allows the encoder to bo tailored to vitually any combination of input voltage changes and ‘output pulse width changas, Tho functional relationships between these vaiabias wil be defined inthe next section. ‘The frame generator controls the encoder frame tin, It can operate {8 an astable oF monostable multvbrator whose period is (0.66x,0x Tho encoder will ganerate a synchronizing pulse atthe fend of each frame. When Casux reaches the seventh postive peak Tovorees and discharges to Vaan: The countoris clocked to the stata where Qo is high whan VCqux=Vaanae: Caux again che ‘up, but now the output of C1 Is ignored, duo to Qo being high, and ‘charges up to Vo.aue and remains there. The encoder wil remain inthis stat unt a pulse from tho frame generator is received. fe and Gr are connected as shown inthe Block Diagram, then the frame generator oporatos inthe astable mode, producing anarrow pulse output. This pulse allows Cp o start discharging again. |Whon Cyvux roaches Vag the counter is clocked tothe state ‘where Q; is high (channel) and the entire process stars over. The ‘tame period inthis moda is 0.68%FCr andis refered to as tho ‘xed-rame mode, The variable-frame mode willbe discussed in the application section. ‘Tho output one-shot generates a postive pulse whose wid s equal to RoCo, The output san open-colector, NPN transistor capable of sinking 25mA. Ths configuration allows the encoder to drive a wide variety of AF stages as well as providing curent pulses in 2-wire ‘communications appications. ENCODER DESIGN EQUATIONS ‘Tho triangular wavetorn on Cyqux has a fixed slope (constant current) and variable postive peak voltages. The time between the negative peaks of Cyyx, Which is equal othe output period for that chanel, is given by: 2 (a - nance) Cuux 0 Te Ic oven by: where VieRoteronce Voltage. ‘Adtionaly, Vn the voltage on Pin n, wich is the control voltage for ‘Channon, is typcaly the wiper voltage on a pot connected between Vp and ground, Thus VorXaVa- \Veanice is also dried ftom Vp so that Vaange=¥ Vr. The resuting ‘hana imo period is: 2 Wy = Y) Va ~ Cuux Wa RY tn Syne » ‘August 31, 1904 @™ 7110826 0079584 6ss ‘Thus, each channel pulse width, tis independent of supply votage ‘and depends only on extemal passive components. ‘The conversion ra, CR, for each channel is the change in output Peto, Aly, vided by the change in input vitage for that channel, Vp At BE = AA Gax vatiabio X, wil have some neutral or ‘centr value about wich it wl vary, thus Xp = Xo + Xr and CR = PE = AF, Cx | \Where Xo isthe neutral value for X andis assumed to be the samo for alin. Now -APCraax KK) we let tacuraaL=4FeCwux (Kor¥) be the neutral value fr fy hen bo Cue Oy tueuma, + 4F Consider the folowing exampla to soe how these design equations ‘10 used, ‘Assume: ‘weutra=t Sms Xo-0.5—Control pot in center at AoetnguTRAL .s%,=40.1—Control po resistance varies +10% (of total resistance) ound neutral. This should include mechanical tim it used. AyetO.Sms For this example, the conversion rate is Ats _ osms seat rps le xe lle) 4PiChacB. {we lat Cyux=0.047HF then Sms R= gy Sbeae ~ ska = a and tyeuTRAL=T-Sms=4R:Ouux%Y) ¥y _ usms os - 1808 ~ o2 ‘The output pulse widths given by orRoto 20 f ige390u9 and Co=0.01HF thenPhilips Semiconductors Linear Products Product specication Programmable seven-channel RC encoder NE5044 acy Fo = cour = SHO Tho frame ine constr. ee given by te=O60 PCr Wte20me and Cp0A7uF re = oom. ‘« ~ GeexDanE = 0 Figure 2 shows the external connections fr this example. .shoutd be noted thatthe temperatur stably of all the encoded |imes depend on the temperature coaficlents ofthe recpectve ‘extamal Re ime constants. No intemal temperature compensation 's used on the chip. The typical temperature sansiivty of using \Wirewound resistors and polycarbonale capactor is less than ‘0dppmV*C Inthe -20° to +70°C tomperatue range. For the above ‘example, this coresponds toa change in of 47-5us fr a change in ommperature of 250°C. August 31, 1904 M@ 7110826 0079585 79) i 1266 Figure 1. Encoder Timing Diagram — Fixed FramePhilips Semiconductors Linear Products Product speciation Programmable seven-channel RC encoder NE5044 vee 1] evavrens le tow cent vert arouse tw le 2} canoer wx aon = Sy csannen « ‘cunnent | ew Toe Lye taint = 5} cHanwen 5 RANGE be A+ sis ile ant examen 19 ff} +} camer a we one Figure 2 ! ‘August, 1904 1267 @@ 7110826 0079586 bes