Pang-uri ang tawag sa mga salitang naglalarawan o tumuturing sa tao, bagay, pook, hayop at

pangyayari. Ang pang-uri ang nagbibigay katangian sa mga pangngalan at panghalip. Ginagamit
natin ang ating mga pandama sa paglalarawan.
Kaantasan ng Pang-uri[baguhin]
Lantay
Tumutukoy sa tanging katangian ng pangngalan o panghalip.
Halimbawa
Ang bawat pook ay tahimik.
Siya ay maagap.
Pahambing
Nagpapahayag ng magkatulad o magkaiba ang kalagayan ng isang pangngalan o panghalip. Ang pahambing na
pang-uri ay may dalawang kalagayan: magkatulad at di-magkatulad.
Halimbawa
Magkatulad
Kasinghusay ni Lito ang kapatid niya pagdating sa paglililok.
Magkahusay lang ang Kathniel at Lizquen.
Di-magkatulad
Si Mario ay di-gasinong matangkad kaysa kay Pablo.
Mas maganda si Taeyeon kaysa kay Kathrine.
Pinaka magaling ang Girls'Generation kaysa sa 2ne1.
Pasukdol
Nagpapakilala ng nangingibabaw o namumukod na katangian ng pangngalan o panghalip.
Halimbawa
Si Kobe ang pinakaguwapo sa kanilang lahat.
Si Carlo ang Hari ng kabaitan.
Ang anak niya ay ubod ng sipag.
Ang Kathniel ang pinaka sikat na loveteam sa buong Pilipinas.
Si Gng. Joeyce Camara ang pinakamagaling naming guro.
Ang Bangtan Sonyeondan ang pinaka talentadong Kpop Boygroup sa South Korea.

Entry -The teacher uses technology to deliver curriculum content to students.

Adoption -The teacher directs students in the conventional use of tool-based software. If such
software is available, this level is recommended.
Adaptation- The teacher encourages adaptation of tool-based software by allowing students to
select a tool and modify its use to accomplish the task at hand.
Infusion -The teacher consistently provides for the infusion of technology tools with understanding, applying,
analyzing, and evaluating learning tasks.
Transformation -The teacher cultivates a rich learning environment, where blending choice of technology tools
with student-initiated investigations, discussions, compositions, or projects, across any content area, is
promoted.
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY:GESTALT LAWS
1. Law of Pragnanz- we are driven to experience things in as good as gestalt possible.
2. Law of Closure- if something is missing in an otherwise complete figure, we will tend to add it.
3. Law of Similarity- we will tend to group similar items together, to see them as forming a gestalt,
within larger form.
4. Law of Proximity- things that are close together as seen as belonging together.
5. Law of Continuity- when we see a line, as continuing trough another line, rather than stopping and
starting.
6. Figure-Ground -we seem to have an innate tendency to perceive one aspect of an event as the
figure and the other as the ground.

Source: Oyotnas Zeñab Khar Rhen > LET Reviewer Online Philippines
KNOW YOUR BODY:
Some Facts About Human Body
=======================
Number of bones - 206
Number of muscles - 639
Number of kidneys - 2
Number of milk teeth - 20
Number of ribs - 24 (12 pairs)
Number of chambers in the heart - 4
Largest artery - Aorta
Normal Blood pressure - 120 - 80
PH of blood - 7.4
Number of bones in New born body - 300
Number of vertebrae in the spine - 33
Number of vertebrae in the Neck - 7
Number of bones in Face - 14
Number of bones in Skull - 22
Number of bones in Chest - 25
Number of bones in Arms - 6
Number of bones in human foot - 33
Number of bones in each wrist - 8
Number of bones in hand - 27
Number of bones in each human ear - 3
Number of muscles in the human arm - 72
Largest organ - Skin
Largest gland - Liver
Smallest cell - Blood cell
Biggest cell - Egg cell (ovum)
Smallest bone - Stapes
First transplanted organ - Heart
Average length of small intestine - 7 m
Average length of large intestine - 1.5 m
Average weight of new born baby - 2.6 kg.
Pulse rate in one minute - 72 times
Body Temperature - 36.9o C (98.4o F)
Average blood volume - 4 - 5 liters
Average life of RBC - 120 days
Pregnancy period - 280 days
Largest endocrine gland - Thyroid
Largest lymphatic organ - Spleen
Largest cell - Nerve cell
Largest part of brain - Cerebrum
Largest & strongest bone - Femur
Smallest muscle - Stapedius (Middle ear )
Number of chromosomes in human cell - 46 (23pairs)
Largest muscle - Buttock (Gluteus Maximus)

#Knowledge_about_branches_of_science
Study of blood =haematology
Study of liver= Hepatology
Study of fungi = Mycology
Study of Algae= Phycology
Study of virus=Virology
Study of Kidney=Nephrology
Study of Cancers = Oncology
Study of Universe= Cosmology
Study of Fruits= Pomology
Study of birds=Ornithology
Study of bones=Osteology
Study of Egg=Oology 
Study of Dream=Oneirology
Study of Hair=Trichology
Study of Eyes=Opthalmology
Study of Soil=Pedology
Study of Air=Aerology
Study of Earth=Geology
Study of insects=Entomology
Study of Heart=Cardiology

* #BASIC #GENERAL #KNOWLEDGE*
Largest Continent *Asia*
Largest Ocean *Pacific*
Largest River *Amazon*
Largest River Basin
*Amazon*
Largest Lake (salt water)
*Caspian sea*
Largest Lake (fresh water)
*Lake Superior*
Largest Bay *Hudson Bay*
Largest Gulf *Gulf of Mexico*
Largest Sea *South China Sea*
Largest peninsula *Arabia*
Largest Island *Greenland*
Largest Country (in Area) *Russia*
Largest Country (in population) *China*
Largest Airport *King Khalid International Airport at Riyaz*
Largest Mosque *Shah Faisal Mosque*
Largest Embassy *Russian Embassy*
Largest Church *St.Peter's (Rome)*
Largest Desert *Sahara (Africa)*
Largest Library *US library of Congress*
Largest Animal *Bhue Whale*
Largest Land Animal *The African Elephant*
Largest Democracy *India*
Largest palace *Imperical Palace (Beijing)*
Largest Dam *Three Gorges (China)*
Largest Park *Wood Buffalo National Park Canada*
Largest Zoo *Krugal National Park S.Africa*
Largest Island Sea *Mediterranean Sea*
Largest City (population) *Tokyo/Japan*
Largest Wall *The great Wall of China*
Largest Railway station *Grand Central Terminal (New York*
Largest University Building *University of Riyadh*
Largest Steel Plant *Nippon Steel Plant Japan*
Largest planet *Jupiter*
Largest Bird *Ostrich*
Largest Sea Bird *Albatross*
Largest Parliament *The National People's Congress of People Republic China*
Largest Cold Desert *Gobi Mangolia*
Largest Plateau *Pamir Tibet*
Largest Mountain Range *Hamalaya*
Largest statue *Statue of Liberty*
Statue of Liberty *New York*
Largest Bank *World Bank Washington DC*
Largest Navy *USA*
Largest Army *China*
Largest Airforce *USA*
Largest Cricket Stadium *Melbourne Australia*
_______________________
Smallest World
_____________________
Smallest Continent *Australia*
Smallest Ocean *Arctic*
Smallest Colony *Gibraltar*
Smallest State *Vatican*
Smallest Bird *Humming bird*
Smallest flowering plant *Wolfia*
Smallest planet *Mercury*
World's Smallest Measum *Arizona US*
_______________________
Highest World
_______________________
Highest Mountain peak *Mt Everest Nepal*
Highest Mountain *Himalaya*
Highest Plateau *Tibet*
Highest Continent *Antarctica*
Highest waterfall *Angel falls Venezuela*
Highest Airport *Lhasa Airport Tibet* 
Highest Railway station *Condor Station*
Highest River Bridge *Royal Gorge Colorado*
----------------------------------------
Longest River *Nile Egypt*
Largest Road *Pan American Highway*
Largest Dam *Hirakud Orissa* 
Largest Ship canal *Suez Canal*
Largest Bridge *Second Lake Pontchartrain causeway* 
Largest Wall *Wall of China*
Largest English Dictionary *Oxford English Dictionary*
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1: Simmer Down:
To become calm and quiet after period of anger or excitement.
2: August==dignified , respectable
3: Endurance==tolerance
4: mollify ==to keep people calm down
5: Quench--satisfy
6: scatterbrain==forgetful or reliable person
7: chronic==lasting a long time
8: lunatic==crazy
9: oblivious==not paying attention 
10: Blood sport = killing of animals
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ameliorate = To improve
Expostulate = Complain
Surmise = To Estimate or Guess
Exhort = Attract
LURK = To wait secretly i.e for Lover etc
Ogle= to stare i.e looking at girls 
Grope= search with hands i.e when the some switch off bulb you find things by moving your hands
Obscure = Unclear 
Creel = Basket for keeping fish
Tiller = Wooden Stick used to drive boat
Rattled = Gabble or Speak very fast and in Hurry
Hush = Silence or Make Quiet
Puberty= Age of Maturity
Elopement= Run away with Lover
Abeyance = Suspension
Chuckle = To laugh quietly
Wive = To marry or Provide wife
Indigent = Poor Person, City or Country
Truculent = Cruel or savage 
Trench = to cut
Noxious = Harmful
Novelty = New and Fresh
Nomad = Homeless Person
Sporadic = irregular or random
Agitate= Disturb
Mitigate=Normal, Reducing the Intensity 
Quiver= Shiver or Shake
De Jure = According to Law
Blazing= Extremely hot or full of emotions
Witty = Skillful or clever
Ravishing = Charming or fascinating 
Skirmish = Short Argument
Taboo=Forbidden
Cosy= Comfortable
Puberty= Age of Maturity
Tryst= A secret meeting between two lovers
Glib=Easy
Drowsy=Sleepy
Demsel=Unmarried Girl
Mite=Small amount
Grumble=Complain
Stigma=Disgrace

TAKE TIME TO READ CHERS.

*The first book written in the Philippines was DOCTRINA CRISTIANA
*The Father of Ilocano Literature is PEDRO BUKANEG.
*The Father of Tagalog Poetry is FRANCISCO BALTAZAR.
*Lola Basyang is the pen name of SEVERINO REYES.
*The first and longest running komiks series in the Philippines is KENKOY(Liwayway Magasin,1929)
*The Father of Pampango Literature who wrote There is no God is JUAN CRISOSTOMO SOTO.
*The oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines since the 1900 is MANILA BULLETIN.
*The Father of Modern Tagalog Poetry is ALEJANDRO ABADILLA.
*The work of Bonifacio which tells the history of the Philippines ANG DAPAT MABATID NG MGA
TAGALOG.
*He wrote the popular fable The Monkey and the Turtle - JOSE RIZAL
*This is known as Andres Bonifacio's Ten Commandments of the Katipunan - THE DECALOGUE.
*Rizal's model for Pilosopong Tasyo was PACIANO RIZAL.
*The following characters created by rizal reflect his own personality except SIMOUN (El
Filibusterismo)
*The line 'whoever knows not how to love his native tongue is worse than any beast or even smelly
fish' TO MY FELLOW CHILDREN
*Rizal's pen name - DIMASALANG, LAONG-LAAN
*Taga-ilog is JUAN LUNA's Pen name.
*The first filipino alphabet was called ALIBATA/BAYBAYIN *the first filipino alphabet consisted of 15
LETTERS
*This is a song about love - TALINDAW, awit ng mga taong hindi naimbetahan sa kainan (COLADO)
*He was known for his `Memoria Fotografica` - JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN
*He is known as the `poet of the workers or laborers` - AMADO HERNANDEZ
*Ilocano balagtasan is called BUKANEGAN
*Visayan epic about good manners and right conduct - MARAGTAS
*The father of Filipino newspaper is PASCUAL POBLETE
*Lupang Tinubuan is considered to be the best story written during Japanese Period. The author is
NARCISO REYES
*The original title of Ibong Adarna was CORIDO AT BUHAY NA PINAGDAANAN NG TATLONH
PRINSIPENG ANAC NG HARING FERNANDO AT REYNA VALERIANA SA CAHARIANG
BERBANIA
*PANDEREGLA - first filipino bread
*The Great Plebian: Andres Bonifacio
*The Father of the Katipunan: Andres Bonifacio
*Hero of the Tirad Pass Battle: Gregorio Del Pilar
*President of the First Philippine Republic: General Emilio Aguinaldo
*Brains of the Philippine Revolution: Apolinario Mabini
*Martyred Priests in 1872: GOMBURZA
*Brains of the Katipunan: Emilio Jacinto
*Co-founder of La Independencia: General Antonio Luna
*Mother of Balintawak: Melchora Aquino
*Greatest Filipino Orator of the Propaganda Movement: Graciano Lopez- Jaena
*First Filipino Cannon-maker: Pandar Pira
*Managing Editor of La Solidaridad: Mariano Ponce
*Lakambini of Katipunan: Gregoria de Jesus
*Poet of the Revolution: Fernando Ma. Guerrero
*Outstanding Diplomat of the First Philippine Republic: Felipe Agoncill
*First University of the Philippines President: Rafael Palma
*Greatest Filipino Painter: Juan Luna
*Greatest Journalist of the Propaganda Movement: Marcelo H. del Pilar
*First Filipino Poetess: Leona Florentino
*Peace of the Revolution: Pedro Paterno
*Founder of Philippine Socialism: Isabelo Delos Reyes
*Viborra: Artemio Ricarte
*Author of the Spanish lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem: Jose Palma
*Chief of Tondo: Lakandula
*The Last Rajah of Manila: Rajah Soliman
*Fiancée of Jose Rizal: Leonor Rivera
*Maker of the First Filipino Flag: Marcela Agoncillo
*Co-founder of Katipunan: Galicano Apacible
*Leader of the Ilocano Revolt: Diego Silang
*First Filipino Hero: Lapu-lapu
*Leader of the Longest Revolt in Bohol: Francisco Dagohoy
*The Man of Many Talents: Epifanio Delos Santos
*Prince of Tagalog Poets: Francisco Baltazar
*Visayan Joan of Arc: Teresa Magbanua
*Mother of Biak-na-Bato: Trinidad Tecson
*Wife of Artemio Ricarte: Agueda Esteban
*Leader of the Tarlac Revolt: Gen. Francisco Makabulos
*Composer of the Philippine National Anthem: Julian Felipe
*Spaniards born in the Philippines: Insulares
*Leader of Magdalo: Baldomero Aguinaldo
*Leader of Magdiwang: Mariano Alvarez
*Founder of La Liga Filipina: Jose Rizal
*Painter of the Spolarium: Juan Luna
-sparrowhawk
GOOD LUCK and GOD BLESS TEACHERS!
ACE THE BOARD EXAM

important 
English Literary Terms
1. Auto-Biography: -is the history of one’s life written by one self.
2. Act: - is the major division of a drama.
3. Antithesis: -is contrast or polarity in meaning.
4. Allusion: -is a reference to an idea, place, person or text existing outside the literary work.
5. Allegory: - is a literary work that has an implied meaning.
6. Alliteration:-the repetition of a consonant in two or more words.
7. Ballad: -is a song which tells a story.
8. Biography: -is the history of a person’s life by one else.
9. Blank Verse: -Verses written in iambic pentameter without any rhyme pattern are called blank
verse.
10. Comedy:-is a play written to entertain its audience, ends happily.
11. Classical:-means any writing that conforms to the rules and modes of old Greek and Latin
writings.
12. Canto:-is a sub-division of an epic or a narrative poem comparable to a chapter in a novel.
13. Chorus:-is a group of singers who stand alongside the stage in a drama.
14. Catharsis:-is emotional release of pity and fear that the tragic incidences in a tragedy arouse to
an audience.
15. Comic relief:-a humorous scene in a tragedy to eliminate the tragic effect from audience.
16. Couplet:-Two lines of the same material length usually found in Shakespearean sonnets.
17. Catastrophe:-Catastrophe is the downfall of the protagonist in a tragedy.
18. Didactic:-is a literary work which aims at teaching and instructing its readers.
19. Dirge:-is a short functional term.
20. Diction:-is the selection of words in literary work.
21. Dialect:-is the language of particular district; class or a group of people.
22. Drammatical Monologue:-In a poem when a single person speaks along with or without an
audience is called drammatical monologue. Example “My last Duchess”-----Br
owning.
23. Difference between drama and novel:-A drama is meant to be performed whereas a novel is
meant to be read.
24. Difference between stanza and paragraph:-A stanza contains verses whereas a paragraph
contains prosaic lines.
25. Epic:-is a long narrative poem composed on a grand scale and is exalted style. Example
“Paradise Lost”-------Milton.
26. Epilogue:-is the concluding part of a longer poem or a novel or a drama.
27. Fable:-is a brief story illustrating a moral.
28. Farce:-A form of low comedy designed to provoke laughter.
29. Foot:-A basic unit of meter.
30. Fiction:-A fiction is an imaginative narrative in prose e.g.
Lord of the fly—by Golding.
31. Elegy:- is a poem mourning to the death of an individual or a lament for a tragic event.
32. Genre:-means category or types of literature-epic, ode, ballad etc.
33. Hyperbole:-An overstatement or exaggeration.
34. Image:-is the mental picture connected with metaphor, smile and symbol.
35. Limerick:-is a short poem of a five-line stanza rhyming aaba.
36. Lyric:-A lyric is a short poem expressing a simple mood. It is usually personal and musical e.g.
Keats’s odes.
37. Linguistic:-is the scientific and systematic study of language.
38. Melodrama:-A highly sensational drama with happy ending.
Example ‘The Spanish Tragedy’ –Kyd.
39. Metaphysical Poetry:-Meta means beyond and physical is related to body . . . . . . . . .
40. Mock-epic:-It is a long satirical poem dealing with a trivial theme. Example: “The rape of the
lock”-Alexander Pope.
41. Metaphor:-A metaphor is an implicit comparison between two different things.
42. Metre:-The recurrence of similar stress pattern in some lines of a poem.
43. Novel:-is a long prose narrative fiction with plot, characters, etc.
44. Novelette:-is longer than a short story and shorter than a novel.
45. Ode:-is a long narrative poem of varying, line length dealing with serious subject matter.
46. Objectivity:-We have objectivity in a literary piece when the author focuses on an object from
broadened point of view.
47. Octave:-is the firs part of Italian sonnet.
48. Oxymoron:-is apparently a physical contrast which oddly makes sense on a deeper level.
49. Prologue:-is the beginning part of a novel or a play or a novel.

SOCIAL SCIENCE!  😍

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TIMELINE OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY

● 1380 - Muslim Arabs arrived at the Sulu Archipelago.
● 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan "discovers" the islands and names them: Archipelago of San Lazaro.
● 1542 - Spanish expedition commandeered by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos claims the islands for
Spain; names them "Philippines" after Prince Philip, later King Philip II of Spain; the Philippines
becomes part of Spanish Empire.
● 1872 - Gomburza (Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora) were executed by
the Spaniards.
● 1892 - Jose Rizal founded the civic organization La Liga Filipina.
● 1896 - Katipuneros tear their cedulas & shout in contempt of the Spaniards in what is called the
Cry of Pugadlawin.
● 1897 - General Emilio Aguinaldo establishes the a new republic at Biak-na-Bato in Bulacan.
● 1886 - José Rizal publishes anti-Spanish novel, Noli Me Tangere (The Lost Eden); and seers up
independence sentiment.
● 1896 - Spanish execute Rizal for instigating insurrection; public outrage spawns rebellion.
● 1898 - American warship Maine was blown up in Havana harbour, triggers the the Spanish-
American war, the battle of Manila Bay ensues.
● 1898 - Emilio Aguinaldo assembled the Malolos Congress in Bulacan, then declares
independence in Kawit, Cavite
● 1899 - Treaty of Paris ends Spanish-American War, cedes Philippines to U.S. after payment to
Spain by U.S. of $ 20 million. Emilio Aguinaldo declares independence then leads a guerrilla war
against U.S.
● 1901 - U.S. captures Aguinaldo; William Howard Taft arrives as first U.S. governor of Philippines.
● 1902 - Insurrection ends; Taft improves economic conditions, settles disputes over church
ownership of land, establishes "Pensionado" program, allowing Filipinos to study in U.S., which
helped modernize and westernize the country.
● 1916 - U.S. congress passes the Jones Law establishing elected Filipino legislature with house
and senate.
● 1934 - U.S. congress approves the Tydings-McDuffie Law promising Philippine independence by
1946; transition to independence begins.
● 1935 - Filipino people approve constitution creating the Philippine Commonwealth with Manuel
Quezon y Molina as president.
● 1941 - Japanese invades the Philippines, and defeats Gen. Douglas MacArthur at Bataan and
Corregidor; Quezon establishes government in exile in the U.S.
● 1944 - Quezon dies in exile; Vice President Sergio Osmeña assumes the presidency; MacArthur
returns to the Philippines and lands in Leyte with little resistance.
● 1945 - Gen. MacArthur liberates Manila and President Osmeña establishes government.
● 1946 - The U.S. gave the Philippines independence and Manuel Roxas y Acuña is elected as the
first president of the new republic.
● 1965 - Ferdinand E. Marcos is elected by a big majority as president.
● 1972 - Martial Law was declared by President Marcos. This period is marked with human rights
abuses and corruption.
● 1981 - Marcos lifts Martial Law.
● 1983 - Opposition leader Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino returns from exile and is assassinated on arrival
at Manila International Airport; Aquino's widow Corazon leads the "People Power" protest
movement.
● 1986 - Marcos was officially declared winner in a presidential election beating Corazon Aquino
amid charges of fraud; demonstrations erupt; Marcos flees to Hawaii; Aquino is declared president
and forms a new government.
● 1992 - Endorsed by Aquino, her Secretary of Defense Gen. Fidel Ramos wins presidential
election. U.S. Philippine congress rejects a new treaty with the U.S. and Subic Bay naval base and
Clark Air Field returns to Philippine government, ending American military presence in the
Philippines.
● 1996 - The government of Ramos agrees to greater autonomy for southern island of Mindanao.
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) ends the guerrilla war with the government.
● 1997 - Asian financial crisis grips Asia and the Philippines escapes the crisis despite series of
currency devaluations.
● 1998 - Former movie actor Joseph Estrada is elected president.
● 2000 - On charges of corruption, the lower house impeach Estrada.
● 2001 - Estrada was forced to step down due to public outrage over corruption allegations. Vice
President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo assumes the presidency.
● 2004 - Presidential election takes place. Arroyo's closest rival (a dear friend of Ex-President
Estrada) is film actor Fernando Poe, Jr. Arroyo narrowly defeats Poe, taking 39.5% of the vote to
Poe's 36.6%.
● 2005 - A taped conversation between President Arroyo & an election official surfaced during the
2004 elections implying she influenced the official election results. Calls for her resignation and
demonstrations followed soon after. In September 2005, Congress voted down the filing of an
impeachment against Arroyo.
● 2007 - Former President Joseph Estrada is convicted of plunder, the first ever in the history of the
Philippines.
● 2010 - First automated national elections in the Philippines.
● 2010 - Benigno "Noynoy" Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III wins the Presidential elections and sworn
in at Manila's Rizal Park on June 30, 2010.
● 2016 - Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte, the former Mayor of Davao City assumes the Presidency. He
is the first president to come from Mindanao.
Administration of Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016–present)
Rodrigo Duterte, current President of the Philippines.
Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte of PDP–Laban won the 2016 presidential election, garnering
39.01% or 16,601,997 of the total votes, becoming the first Mindanaoan to become president. On
the other hand, Camarines Sur 3rd District representative Leni Robredo won with the second
narrowest margin in history, against Senator Bongbong Marcos.[220] On 30 May, the Congress had
proclaimed Rodrigo Duterte, despite his absence, as president-elect and Leni Robredo as vice
president-elect.[221] On July 12, 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled in favor of the
Philippines in its case against China's claims in the South China Sea.[222] Duterte's presidency
began following his inauguration on June 30, 2016 at the Rizal Ceremonial Hall of the Malacañang
Palace in Manila, which was attended by more than 627 guests.[223] On August 1, 2016, the
Duterte administration launched a 24-hour complaint office accessible to the public through a
nationwide hotline, 8888, and changed the nationwide emergency telephone number from 117 to
911.[224][225] After winning the Presidency, Duterte launched an intensified anti-drug campaign to
fulfill a campaign promise of wiping out criminality in six months.[226] By March 2017, the death toll
for the Philippine Drug War passed 8,000 people, with 2,679 killed in legitimate police operations
and the rest the government claims to be homicide cases.[227][228][229] On November 8, 2016, the
Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled in favor of the burial of the late president Ferdinand Marcos
in the Libingan ng Mga Bayani, the country's official cemetery for heroes, provoking protests from
thousands of millennials, Marcos-regime human rights victims, and relatives of people who were
tortured, killed, or were still missing due to martial rule. The burial of the late president was a
campaign promise of President Rodrigo Duterte, who was supported by voters in Ilocos Norte, the
home province of Marcos.[230] In November 18, 2016, the remains of Ferdinand Marcos was
secretly buried by the Philippine National Police, Armed Forces of the Philippines, and the family and
friends of Ferdinand Marcos, despite the Supreme Court order being non-executory due to protocol.
Later in the afternoon, the event was made public.[231] On May 23, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte
signed Proclamation No. 216 declaring a 60-day martial law in Mindanao following clashes between
government forces and the Maute group in Marawi.
Here’s the Complete Line-up of Pres. Rody Duterte’s Cabinet:
Cabinet Secretary – Leoncio “Jun” Evasco
Executive Secretary – Salvador Medialdea
Presidential Communications Operations Office Secretary – Martin Andanar
Presidential Spokesperson – Ernesto Abella
National Security Adviser – Hermogenes Esperon Jr.
Secretary of Agrarian Reform – Rafael V. Mariano
Secretary of Agriculture – Emmanuel “Manny” Piñol
Secretary of Budget and Management – Benjamin Diokno
Secretary of Education – Leonor Briones
Secretary of Energy – Alfonso Cusi
Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources – Regina “Gina” Lopez
Secretary of Finance – Carlos “Sonny” Dominguez III
Secretary of Foreign Affairs – Perfecto R. Yasay, Jr.
Secretary of Health – Paulyn Jean Rosell Ubial
Secretary of Information and Communications Technology – Rodolfo Salalima
Secretary of the Interior and Local Government – Ismael Sueño
Secretary of Justice – Vitaliano Aguirre II
Secretary of Labor and Employment – Silvestre “Bebot” Bello III
Secretary of National Defense – Delfin Lorenzana
Secretary of Public Works and Highways – Mark Villar
Secretary of Science and Technology – Fortunato de la Peña
Secretary of Social Welfare and Development – Judy Taguiwalo
Secretary of Tourism – Wanda Corazon Teo
Secretary of Trade and Industry – Ramon Lopez
Secretary of Transportation and Communications – Arthur Tugade
Presidential Assistant for the Visayas – Michael Diño
Special Assistant to the President/Presidential Management Staff chief – Christopher “Bong” Go
FIRST REPUBLIC (Revolutionary government/The Philippines was still under Spanish rule)
(1899-1901) President: Emilio F. Aguinaldo
(1897?) Vice-President: Mariano C. Trias (elected VP during the Tejeros assembly)
COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (American Period)
(1935-1944) President Manuel L. Quezon (Died in exile in the U.S.)
(1936-1944) Vice-President: Sergio S. Osmeña, Sr.
(1944-1946) President: Sergio S. Osmeña, Sr. (Assumed the presidency upon the death of Quezon
while the Philippine Commonwealth government is in exile in the U.S.)
SECOND REPUBLIC (Japanese Occupation)
(1943-1945) President: Jose P. Laurel
(1943-1945) Vice-Presidents: Benigno Aquino, Sr. and Ramon Avancena
THIRD REPUBLIC
(1946-1948) President: Manuel L. Roxas (Died of a heart attack)
(1946-1948) Vice-President: Elpidio R. Quirino
(1948-1953) President: Elpidio R. Quirino (Assumed the remaining term & re-elected)
(1949-1953) Vice-President: Fernando H. Lopez
(1953-1957) President: Ramon F. Magsaysay
(Magsaysay died in an airplane crash on March 16, 1957 on Mt. Manunggal in Cebu)
(1953-1957) Vice-President: Carlos P. Garcia
(1957-1961) President: Carlos P. Garcia (Assumed the remaining term and re-elected)
(1957-1961) Vice-President: Diosdado P. Macapagal
(1961-1965) President: Diosdado P. Macapagal
(1961-1965) Vice-President: Emmanuel N. Pelaez
(1965-1972) President: Ferdinand E. Marcos (the first to win 2 presidential terms)
(1965-1972) Vice-President: Fernando H. Lopez
FOURTH REPUBLIC (Martial Law, "The New Republic" & Parliamentary Government)
(1972-1986) President: Ferdinand E. Marcos (unseated by the People Power Revolution)
(Marcos died in exile in Hawaii on September 28, 1989 of Lupus complications)
(1981-1986) Prime Minister Cesar E. A. Virata
(1986) Vice-President: Arturo M. Tolentino (proclaimed but did not serve due to the revolt)
FIFTH REPUBLIC (Under the new "People Power" Constitution)
(1986-1992) President: Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino
(1986-1992) Vice-President: Salvador H. Laurel
(1992-1998) President Fidel V. Ramos
(1992-1998) Vice-President: Joseph Ejercito Estrada
(1998-2001) President: Joseph Ejercito Estrada (Deposed by "People Power")
(1998-2001) Vice-President: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
(2001-2010) President: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (Assumed Estrada's remaining term & re-elected)
(2001-2004) Vice-President: Teofisto T. Guingona (1st term of Arroyo)
(2004-2010) Vice-President: Manuel "Noli" Leuterio de Castro (2nd term of Arroyo)
(2010-2016) President: Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Cojuangco Aquino III
(2010-2016) Vice-President: Jejomar "Jojo" Cabauatan Binay
(2016-Present) President: Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte a.k.a. Digong
(2016-Present) Vice-President: Maria Leonor "Leni" Santo Tomas Gerona-Robredo
TOP OFFICES OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
The Office of the President
The Supreme Court of the Philippines 
The Senate of the Philippines
The House of Representatives
CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
Civil Service Commission 
Commission on Audit (COA)
Commission on Elections (COMELEC)
DEPARTMENTS
Department of Agriculture (DA), 
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), 
Department of Budget and Management (DBM), 
Department of Education (DepEd), 
Department of Energy (DOE), 
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), 
Department of Finance (DOF) 
Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) , 
Department of Health (DOH) , 
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) 
Department of Justice (DOJ) , 
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) , 
Department of National Defense (DND) , 
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) 
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) , 
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) 
Department of Tourism (DOT) , 
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) , 
Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) 
MILITARY
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) , 
Philippine Air Force (PAF) , 
Philippine Army (PA) , 
Philippine Navy (PN) , 
OTHER AGENCIES
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), 
Career Executive Service Board (CESB) , 
Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP) 
Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) , 
Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), 
Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) , 
National Computer Center (NCC) , 
National Council on Disability Affairs (NCDA),
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) 
National Food Authority (NFA) , 
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA), 
National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) , 
National Statistics Office (NSO) , 
National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) , 
Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) 
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth), 
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) , 
Social Security System (SSS) , 
National Labor Resource Commission (NLRC)
Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)

Types of Teachers in School

1. Amor Powers - Ito yung teacher na sobrang bait, walang pakialam sa inyo kahit mag-batuhan
kayo ng upuan, matulog, o mag-chismisan, continue lang siya sa discussion kahit walang nakikinig,
hindi kayo pagagalitan pero sa grades kayo babawian. Pero dito niyo matututunan ang self-
discipline. Walang ibang didisiplina sa inyo kundi ang mga sarili niyo. Kaya kung hindi niyo kayang
disiplinahin ang mga sarili niyo, get ready for the consequences.
2. Bestieacher - Ito yung teacher na tropa outside the school, sumasama sa walwalan at inuman
pero kapag nasa loob ng classroom, who you. Walang tropa-tropa. Bagsak kung bagsak. Pero dito
niyo matututunan ang professionalism. Hindi sa lahat ng bagay at oras aasa ka dahil tropa.
3. Ursula - Ito yung teacher na maamoy niyo palang kinakabahan na kayo. Sobrang sungit. Mahilig
mamahiya, mahilig mambagsak, walang consideration, "Late ka one minute? Wag ka nang pumasok
sa klase ko", "Namatayan ka? Pake ko?" Madalas mang-power trip. Pero dito niyo matututunan ang
matindihang disiplina, dahil sa ganitong tipo ng teacher, magiging perfectionist kayo. Matututo
kayong maging on time palagi, at no place for being tamad.
4. SM Cinema - Ito yung teacher na pag pasok na pag pasok, open ng projector, mag-piplay ng
movie, pagagawain kayo ng reflection paper, tapos siya? Ayun, nasa pinaka-likod at kasuluk-
sulukan ng classroom, natutulog. Pero dito niyo matututunan gumawa ng pelikula. At least may
konting knowledge kayo about sa course ng Mass Comm. di ba, Film production, ganern.
5. The coolest - Ito yung teacher na gagawin ang lahat makuha lang ang atensiyon at interests ng
mga estudyante niya. Gagamit ng memes, hugoat, kpop, comedy, or anything na trendy sa subject
niyang boring para maka-relate at maging attentive ang mga students sa discussion. Ito yung tipo ng
teacher na favorite ng karamihan. Dito niyo matututunan lahat ng tungkol sa subject na itinuturo niya
with willingness to learn, walang pilitan at bukal sa loob, dahil lahat kayo game mag-participate.
6. Roleta - Ito yung teacher na mas marami ang araw ng inabsent kesa sa araw ng ipinasok.
Matatapos na ang semester pero hindi niya pa rin kayo kilala. Yung mga grades na hokus pokus at
hindi niyo alam kung paano ginawa. Magugulat na lang kayo na pati yung nag-drop niyong
blockmate prelim pa lang may final grade pa sa kaniya. Dito mo matututunan ang hindi umasa sa
iba. Matuto ka para sa sarili mo. Mag-aral ka para sa kinabukasan mo dahil walang kwenta ang
teacher mo. Lol.
7. The clown - Ito yung teacher niyong gusto good vibes lang sa classroom. Kahit korni na yung
jokes tawa lang. Asaran. Chill lang. Happy lang Pero maiiyak ka kasi sobrang hirap mag paexam, at
mas maiiyak ka kapag nagbigay na ng grades. Pero dito niyo matututunan na hindi lahat ng bagay
naidadaan sa biro at sa tawa, may mga panahong dapat mag-seryoso.
8. The boring - Ito yung teacher na sobrang boring mag turo. Yung boses niya parang lullaby. Kaya
kapag inikot mo mata mo sa clasroom, halos lahat ng kaklase mo kinukuha na ng liwanag. Pero dito
niyo matututunang lumaban. Malaki ang gamit nun sa workplace dahil kapag nakita kayong tulog sa
trabaho, panibagong update ka na naman ng profile sa Jobstreet.
9. The story teller - Ito yung teacher na ang daming segway na kwento. Sa dami ng kwento niya,
lumayo na sa topic hanggang sa wala na kayong natutunan sa subject. Okay lang sana kung yung
mga kwento niya ang pinapaexam niya, hindi naman. Though, dito kayo matututong mag-sariling
sikap, self-study sa bahay. Sulit ang ibinayad sa libro at photocopies, laspag pagkatapos ng
semester.
10. Lastly, The viewer - Ito yung teacher na puro pa-report. Yung tipong siya na yung naging
estudyante at kayo yung naging teacher. Araw-araw nakaupo sa likod, madalas busy sa phone, 'di
nakikinig sa inyo, ganon buong semester. Pero dito niyo matututunang labanan ang stage-fright.
Matututo kayong mag-present, mag-salita in front of the crowd, at dito madedevelop ang reporting
skills niyo. Malaking tulong sa job interviews, presentations sa office, and etc.
Nakapag-ambag man sila ng knowledge sa atin o hindi, they are some of the people that we will
never forget.