4.13 HOTELLING'S 7’ for paired samples = one-sample ‘When you test paired samples you should start by calculating the differences Yaw between your Variables using the Transform module (see chapter 2.2 B). Hotelling’s T° is testing the differences against zero (.¢. whether there exist differences or not) ANALYZE GENERAL LINEAR MODEL MULTIVARIATE. DEPENDENT: Yas-varlables (or simple Y variables in one sample tests) OPTIONS - Display; * Descriptive statistics "Homogeneity test => Continue OK 2.3 Transforming variables In the Transform menu you'll find options for recoding variables, creating new variables from old ‘ones or e4. dividing “scale variables" into casses, A) Create a new variable by using another variable (recoding, class dividing etc.) TRANSFORM - Recode Into Different Variables (both the new and the original will be saved) > Example: divide an age variable into classes => To divide age into e.g, two classes (under 30 ‘and 30 or above) choose: Input variable: age (choose fiom the list tothe lef, cick=) Output Variable ~ Name: agectoss (givo a name for the new variable) Change. Old and New Values Choose one of "Range" — option buttons at a time in order to define the limits for each interval Define the corresponding class number for the interval (eg. 0-29 becomes 1. 30-becomes 2) and press Add. Old Values: ‘New Values: Old -> New: Define class 1: * Range: Lowest through value 29 > *Value:T > > Add Define class 2:*Allothervalues > > > ‘*Value:2 > > Add Add also: * System-missing > > > *System-missing > Add Continue OK => a newvvariable, agesiass, has been created last in the data fle. Move to Variable view and define VALUES for ageciass according to the coding, and change MEASURE=ordinal for the new variable. B) Numerical calculations (sum, logarithm, change of a scale etc.) TRANSFORM - Compute: > Example 1. Change.a scale going from 1=often to 5=never to go from 5=often to T=never by ‘subtracting the values from 6: ‘Target variable: newvar (a new name is given forthe variable) Numeric Expression: 6 —“the old variable" (choose from the ist tothe lett, cick) > Example 2. Calculate age from year of birth => subtract the year ofbirth from present year ‘Target variable: age (a new name is given for the variable) Numeric Expression: 2012 - yearofbirth (choose yearo®yrth from the lst to the left click)