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‫ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪M2 2022-2021‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔﻭﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ‪ TD‬ﻟﻠﻮﺳﺎﺉﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ̊‪N 02‬‬

‫• ﺃﺳﺉﻠﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1‬ﺍﺷﺮﺡ ﺑﺈﻳﺠﺎﺯ ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺳﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 24‬ﺑﺖ ﻭﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻗﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥﺫﺍﺕ ‪ 24‬ﺑﺖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ 8‬ﺑﺖ؟‬

‫ﻧﺤﻦﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ‪ SVH‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ‪ 242‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻌﺎً ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪.2‬ﻟﻨﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻗﺮﺭﻧﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻢ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪ 8‬ﺑﺖ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺗﺪﺭﺝ ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ‪ 2‬ﺑﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ؟ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻢﺍﻟﺒﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ؟‬

‫ﻣﺎﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻭﻝ ‪ 2‬ﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺘﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻇﻼﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺳﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ]‬
‫‪0‬ﻭ ‪ [255‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪[255 - 192] →- 3 ، [191 - 128] →- 2 ، [127 - 64] →- 1 ، [63 - 0] →- 0 :‬‬

‫‪.3‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺳﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﻌﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬

‫‪.4‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺉﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ‪،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺉﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻛﺼﻴﻎ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ‬

‫‪.5‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻧﻘﻄﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ‪،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻧﻘﻄﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬

‫• ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‪:01‬‬
‫‪.1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ‪ 8.5‬ﺑﻮﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ‪ 11‬ﺑﻮﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺴﻮﺣﺔ ﺿﻮﺉﻴﺎً ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ‪ 300‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ؟‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩﺑﻜﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ = ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ )ﺑﻮﺻﺔ( × ‪) 300‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﺔ( = ‪ 3300 = 300 × 11‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ =‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ)ﺑﻮﺻﺔ(× ‪) 300‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﺔ( = ‪ 2550 = 300 × 8.5‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﻮ ‪.2550 ×3300‬‬

‫‪.2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ 480 × 640‬ﻣﺸﻔﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 1‬ﺑﺖ )ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺃﺳﻮﺩ(؟‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ = ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ × ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ = )‪ 1 × (480 × 640‬ﺑﺖ = ‪ 307200‬ﺑﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪.3‬ﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺱ ‪ 15‬ﺳﻢ × ‪ 9‬ﺳﻢ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺄﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ )‪ (RGB‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﺤﻬﺎ ﺿﻮﺉﻴﺎً ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ‪ 72‬ﻭ ‪ 300‬ﻭ‬
‫‪1200‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪72‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﺔ ⇒ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ = ) ‪ 3 × (72 × 54.2 9 ) × (72 × 54.215‬ﺑﺎﻳﺖ = ‪ 80.317‬ﻛﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝ‪ 300‬ﺩﻳﺴﻴﺒﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻮﺍﺹ ⇒ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ = ) ‪ 3 × (300 × 54.2 9 ) × (300 × 54.215‬ﺑﺎﻳﺖ = ‪ 34.5517‬ﻛﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝ‪ 1200‬ﺩﻳﺴﻴﺒﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻮﺍﺹ ⇒ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ = ) ‪ 3 × (1200 × 54.29 ) × (1200 × 54.215‬ﺑﺎﻳﺖ = ‪ 52.88277‬ﻛﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‪ 1:‬ﺑﻮﺻﺔ = ‪ 2.54‬ﺳﻢ ‪ 1‬ﺳﻢ = ‪ 0.3937‬ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‪:02‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻨﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻌﻴﺪﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪ × 2 = 2‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪.1‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ )ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪) = (2‬ﺇﻝ × ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪) × (2‬ﺡ × ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪ × 2) = (2‬ﺇﻝ × ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪ × 2) × (1‬ﺡ × ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪) × 4 = (1‬ﺇﻝ × ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪) × (1‬ﺡ‬
‫× ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪ × 4 = (1‬ﺣﺠﻢ‪′‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ)ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪(1‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﻟﺠﻔﺎﻥﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ) ‪badreddine.bouledjfane@gmail.com‬‬

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 ‫• ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‪ :03‬ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ‪ 2000 × 3000‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ )ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ‪ ، (RAW‬ﻳﺤﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 36‬ﺑﺖ = ‪4.5‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ)ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ(‪ .‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ‪ 512‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ ً‪،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﺴﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬ﺻﻮﺭ ‪= NBR‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ = ) ﺧﻂ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ‪ ×NB‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ NB‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ(× ﻋﻤﻖ )ﺑﺖ( = ‪ 5.4×2000×3000‬ﺑﺎﻳﺖ =‬
‫‪ 19 ≈ 89.19 = 74.25‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 74.25‬ﻣﻮ‪ .‬ﺻﻮﺭ ‪512 = NBR‬‬

‫• ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‪ :04‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪ RGB‬ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ًﺑـ ‪ 8‬ﺑﺖ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪ YUV‬ﻣﻊ ‪ 8‬ﺑﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ‪ Y‬ﻭ ‪ U‬ﻭ ‪ .V‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺰﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑـ ‪ 8‬ﺑﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ YUV 4: 2: 0‬ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪.12‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺴﻞ()‪bpp. 12 =4 48 = (8×0‬‬
‫= (‪+ (8×2) + (8×4)YUV )4: 2: 0‬‬
‫‪)4‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ‪ ، YUV 4: 2: 2‬ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪.16‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺴﻞ()‪bpp. 16 =4 64 = (8×2‬‬
‫= (‪+ (8×2) + (8×4)YUV )4: 2: 2‬‬
‫‪)4‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ‪YUV 4: 1: 1‬؟‬
‫= (‪+ (8×1) + (8×4)YUV )4: 1: 1‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺴﻞ()‪bpp. 12 =4 48 = (8×1‬‬ ‫‪)4‬‬

‫• ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‪:05‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ‪ 16‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪) :‬ﺃ( ‪) ، 4 :4 :4‬ﺏ( ‪) ، 2 :2 :4 ،‬ﺝ( ‪:4‬‬
‫‪.0:2‬‬
‫= (‪(8×4) + (8×4) + (8×4)YUV )4: 4: 4‬‬
‫= ‪) 16 × (bpp) 24 ⇒bpp 24 = 496‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ( = ‪ 384‬ﺑﺖ =‬ ‫‪)4‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ(‬
‫= (‪(8×2) + (8×2) + (8×4)YUV )4: 2: 2‬‬
‫= ‪) 16 × (bpp) 16 ⇒bpp 16 464‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ( = ‪ 256‬ﺑﺖ = ‪12‬‬ ‫‪)4‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ(‬
‫= (‪(8×0) + (8×2) + (8×4)YUV )4: 2: 0‬‬
‫= ‪) 16 × (bpp) 12 ⇒bpp 448‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ( = ‪ 192‬ﺑﺖ‬ ‫‪)4‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ(‬
‫‪-‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺑﺘﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ‪ PAL‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ‪ 288 × CIF )352‬ﻭ ‪ 25‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ( ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻗﺔﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ‪ CIF‬ﻫﻲ )‪ 101376 = 288 × 352‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ(‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪× (bpp) YUV )4: 4: 4( = 24 :‬‬
‫‪)101376‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ( × ‪) 25‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ( = ‪ 60825600‬ﺏ ‪ /‬ﺙ‪) 101376 × (bppYUV )4: 2: 2( = 16 ) .‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ( × ‪) 25‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ( =‬
‫‪40550400‬ﺏ ‪ /‬ﺙ‪) 101376 × (bppYUV )4: 2: 0( = 12 ) .‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ( × ‪) 25‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ( = ‪ 30412800‬ﺏ ‪ /‬ﺙ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻛﻢ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ‪ CIF‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ‪ 2 :2 :4‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﺹ ‪DVD‬‬
‫)ﺳﻌﺔ ‪ 4.7‬ﺟﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ(؟‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ= ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻡ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ‪V‬ﻧﺠﻤﺔﻭﻓﺎﻕ ‪) .DV D‬ﺑﺖ( = ‪8×31024×7.4‬‬
‫‪ 16 ≈ 40550400‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺠﻤﺔﻗﻠﻴﻞ) ‪) ((2 :2 :4)Y-UV‬ﺑﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‬

‫• ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‪ :06‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻔﺮ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ‪ 720×NTSC 480‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻭﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺖ ‪ 8‬ﺑﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞﻣﻦ ‪ Y‬ﻭ ‪ Cb‬ﻭ ‪ Cr‬ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎء ‪ .2 :2 :4‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕﻳﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 30‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮﻗﻪ ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻧﻘﻞ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺩﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‪× 480 :‬‬
‫‪ 345600 =720‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ‪ /‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪bpp 16 =4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺖﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ )‪ (bpp‬ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ (‪64 = (8×2) + (8×2) + (8×4)= YUV )4: 2: 2‬‬
‫‪)4‬ﺑﻜﺴﻞ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢﺑﺎﻟﺒﺖ ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻫﻮ‪165888000 = 16 ×30 ×720 ×480 :‬ﺑﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺖ ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓﻫﻮ‪9953280000 = 60 ×165888000 :‬ﺑﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪64.4976 = 2000000‬ﺟﺎﻑ= ‪38.1‬ﺯﻣﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ‪9953280000:‬‬

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