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perk `aa PalÇ^he_]uaop]^ha_aia`e`]o_kilhaiajp]ne]o, Nnk_aok`aDkni]hev]_eÅj`a^~]`a_qhi ej]naj
Ba_napkJaceoh]ò Cop]^ha_aia`e`]ol]n]ahbknp]ha_eieajpk`ah]
perk//./ beo_]hev]_eÅj]i^eajp]h_kikia_]jeoik`ahq_d]
]^neh`ah 0./2,
_kjpn]h]iejan~]ehac]h,
Ba_napkJaceoh]ò Gj_knlkn]]hAÅ`eckNaj]hhko`ahepko`aiejan~]
Ch ]np~_qhk 1 `ah _ep]`k Ba_napk Jaceoh]perk ` a ò
perk//.0 ehac]h,
Ba_napkJaceoh]ò Cop]^ha_aia`e`]o`a_kjpnkhubeo_]hev]_eÅjaj bej~] ]h Nnk_aok `a Dkni]hev]_eÅj _ki k ĚĬJFI
perk//.1 h]`eopne^q_eÅj*pn]jolknpau_kian_e]hev]_eÅj`a Ì ĘĖ ĠĚ Í IJĘ ĘI ĔJ Ě I ĮĘ ĘĮIJĚĒIĘĔĘÍ  u  Ě ĖÌ ĠÍ ĠĮIJİĚ Í
ejoqikomq~ie_komqalqa`]joanqpehev]`koajh]
iejan~]ehac]h, IĨĮ İĘĬJĠĮĠIJĨĮÑ ĪIĚĽĨĮ Ĺ ĪİĨĔĘĖĠÌ ĠĘÍIJĨĮ ĪĚİĚ ĬJĘ
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perk//.2
IĘĜ ĠĮIĚ ĔĠÏÍ KĠĜĘÍIJĘQO ?h naola_pk* aopko l]oko
Ba_napkJaceoh]ò Cop]^ha_a`eolkoe_ekjaol]n]ahlnk_aok`abkni]ò :
perk//.3 hev]_eÅj`ah]o]_pere`]`ao`alamqaÄ]iejan~]u lnaahqoerkoan]j hkooecqeajpao8 q
iejan~]]npao]j]h, ;D
O+
Ba_napkJaceoh]ò Jq_d]abe_]v_kjpn]ahh]r]`k`a]_perkoukpnko SM
perk//.5 `ahepkonah]_ekj]`ko]h]iejan~]ehac]hu_neiaj ]' Nnaoajp]_eÅj`ah]Ba_h]n]_eÅj`aAki lnkò ;D

knc]jev]`k,
ieoko
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perk//.5 `eopne^q_eÅj*pn]jolknpau_kian_e]hev]_eÅj`ah]o
i
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Paò Ba_h]n]ò ?_na`ep]ò ?qpknev]ò ?qpknev]ò Gjopnqò ?qpknev]ò Dkni]hev]_eÅj +/7 `a ]^neh `a 0./2+*
mqeoeò _eÅj`a _eÅj`ah _eÅj`a _eÅj`a iajpk`a _eÅj`a
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5 8 I B 7 5 G H F  /13

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Ch 1. `a `e_eai ^na `ah 0./4* qj `~] ]jpao `ah ;D
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panekn ejpajpÅ na]hev]n qj Çhpei k aobqanvk `a Ä] iejan~]uiejan~]]npao]j]h,
bkni ]hev]_eÅj `a h] i ejan~] ehac]h ] pn]r}o `ah
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ĜĚĜ
Paceopnk ïje_k `a A kj pne^quajpao _kjpejq]n `ah0.0.*l]n] h]_qhiej]_eÅj`ah jqarklnk_aok ;D

_kj ah lnk_aok l]n] bkni ]hev]noa d]op] ah ]Äk `abkni]hev]_eÅj`ah]iejan]ejbkni]hah+aj]`aò :
0
0./4,Co`a_en*ahlnk_aokoa]i lheÅlkn`ko&0' h]jpa* LqarkP}ceiaj`aDkni]hev]_eÅjKejan] +, M
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]Äko]`e_ekj]hao9 oej ai ^]nck* jk oa aop]^haò :
v
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;D
`e_dkk^faperk, LqarkP}ceiaj`aDkni]hev]_eÅjKejan]lk`aò 44

A]^aoaÄ]h]nmqaah P}ceiaj `aQ]ja]ieajpk*
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Dkni]hev]_eÅj* ] _kjpejq]n na]hev]j`k oqo ]_ò
pere`]`ao iejan]o* ] lao]n`a jk _kjp]n_kj h]
pkp]he`]` `a hko lanieoko namqane`ko oacÇj h]
haceoh]_eÅj]lhe_]^ha,
?oeieoik* i a`e]jpa ah i aj_ekj]`k Ba_napk
Qqlnai koa_naÅqj]Copn]pace]`aQ]ja]i eajò
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0./4*]aba_pko`ahkcn]nahcn]`q]h*lnkcnaoerk
u kn`aj]`k o]ja]i eajpk `a h] oepq]_eÅj `a h]
iejan~]] lamqaÄ]ao_]h],
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d+
1
:
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ejo_nel_eÅjrecajpaajah PaceopnkL]_ekj]h
`a Ba_h]n]_ekjao `a Akilnkieoko u mqa
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^quajpao9 u* &eee' `a i ]jan] at_al_ekj]h*
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pnaj`ao]nnkhh]j`k]_pere`]`ao`alamqaÄ]
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mqa_qajpaj _kj ejo_nel_eÅj recajpa aj ah
Paceopnkïje_k`aAkjpne^quajpao,
:
?mqahhkooqfapkomqa_]hebemqaj`ajpnk`ah S
;D
oqlqaopkej`e_]`kaj ah jqian]h &eee']jpaò M,
J-h
neknpqreankj lh]vkl]n] ejo_ne^enoad]op]ah ;D

/ `a]ckopk`ah 0./5,
Dnajpa] ` e_d k ao_aj]nek*uaj ah_kj pat pk `a
JM
h]oaha__ekj ao lnaoe`aj_e]hao* h]ann]`e_]_eÅj  Jqack `a ahhk* ah K ejeopanek `a Cjanc~] u nk
`ah] i ejan~] ehac]hu` abej en_Å i k hkcn]nqj] Kej]o `a^a beo_]hev]n mqa hko oqfapko mqa
bkni ]hev]_eÅj  `aaop] ] _per e` ] `  naoqhp]^] `a d]j okhe_ep]`k oq ejo_nel_eÅj _qajpaj _kj Ö

rep]h ei l k np] j _ e] , C r e` a j pa i a j pa * ah pai ] h]o _kj`e_ekjao namqane`]o l]n] ejcnao]n

Ň
bqa i ]pane] `a` a^ ]pa*a j bna j p| j ` k oa ` er a nò ]h L qark P}cei aj `a Dkni ]hev]_eÅj K eò
%O
o]o lkopqn]o, jan], N]n] ahhk* hko ejpanao]`ko `a^~]j `a

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_kjp]n _kj Ba_h]n]_eÅj `a Akilnkieoko
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P ar eo p]  a ` ep] ` ]  lk n ] hq i j k o `a h] D] _ q hp] `  `a B a na _d k  `a h] S j er a noe` ] `  `a Jei ]
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p|ja], Co`a_en*u] jkoaaop]^ha_aj l]oko
lnaahqoerko,
^' ? `ebanaj_e] `ah lnk_aok `a bkni]hev]_eÅj
]jpanekn* _kj ah L qark P}cei aj `a Dknò
i]hev]_eÅj Kejan] jk ao ateceÅha ah AGP?9
oeaj`k Çje_]i ajpa ja_ao]nek _kjp]n _kj
qj]Ba_h]n]_eÅjHqn]`]`ajkateopaj_e]`a
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pelk`aGjopnqiajpk`aEaopeÅj?i ^eajp]h
_k nna_perk ` a j k i ej ]` k  Gjopnq i aj pk `a

l]n]_qhi ej]nh]bkni]hev]_eÅj `ah] ]_pereò EaopeÅj?i^eajp]hl]n]h]Dkni]hev]_eÅj`a

`]` iejan] okj hkooecqeajpao8 ?_pere`]`ao`a NamqaÄ] Kejan~]uKejan~]
?npao]j]h+aj]`ah]jpa* GE ?DM K +,ChGE?+
]' Akjp]n_kjah Gjopnqiajpk`aEaopeÅj?i ò DMK _kjpai lh] `ko ]ola_pko8 &e' ia`e`]o
^eajp]h_knna_perk+GE ?DM K k GE?A+, _knna_per]ou&ee' i a`e`]olnarajper]o,

^' ?_na`ep]_eÅj`ah]lnklea`]`k]qpknev]_eÅj `' J]]_na`ep]_eÅj`ahko`ana_dkook^naahpa ò

`aqok`ahpannajkoqlanbe_e]h,
_' ?_na`ep]_eÅj `a pepqh]ne`]`* _kjpn]pk `a
_aoeÅj k_kjpn]pk`aatlhkp]_eÅj naola_pk
`ah]_kj_aoeÅj iejan],
Sj]rav_kilnk^]`kah_qilheieajpk`ahkonamqeò
oepko]jpaoiaj_ekj]`ko*h]Bena__eÅju-kEanaj_e]
Pacekj]h`aCjanc~]uKej]okpknc]n| h]?qpknev]ò
_eÅj`aGje_ek-Paeje_ek`a]_pere`]`aoiejan]o`a
atlhkp]_eÅjkR~pqhk`aAkj_aoeÅj`a@ajabe_ek,
?hcqjkopai ]o ] ei lknp]jpao ] jkp]n ok^na ah
LqarkP}cei aj`aDkni]hev]_eÅj Kejan]8
nnajkoqlanbe_e]h oana]hev] Çje_]iajpa_kj
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hkopannajkooqlanbe_e]haoajahmqa`ao]nnkhh]
h] ]_pere`]` iejan] `aatlhkp]_eÅj, Cj aopa
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lnkleap]nek`ahkopannajkokpknc]`koajqok
]hpepqh]n`ah]]_pere`]`iejan],W*ajah_]ok
mqa oa `ao]nnkhha ]_pere`]` aj qj pannajk
ane]vk `ah Cop]`k* ahhk `a^an| oan ej`e_]`k
ajh]naola_per] Ba_h]n]_eÅjHqn]`],

/., Lklk`n|jna]hev]n]_pere`]`iejan]`qn]jpaahafan_e_ek`aoqobqj_ekjaokailhako*ahNnaoe`ajpa`ah]PalÇ^he_]*
hko Keai^nko `ah Nk`an Jaceoh]perku `ah Nk`anHq`e_e]h* hko Kejeopnko `a Cop]`ku hko bqj_ekj]neko mqa pajc]j
aopan]jck*ah Akjpn]hknEajan]h*hkoNnk_qn]`knaoEajan]hao`ah] PalÇ^he_]uhkobqj_ekj]nekouailha]`ko`ah
Qa_pknCjanc~]uKej]ojki^n]`kok]oecj]`ko]h]?hp]Bena__eÅj*]hAkjoafk`aKejan~]*]h]Bena__eÅjEajan]h`a
Kejan~]*Bena__eÅj`aDeo_]hev]_eÅj Kejan]*] hkoînc]jkoPacekj]hao`aKejan~]u]h PaceopnkNÇ^he_k`aKejan~],
?oeieoik* jk lk`n|jafan_an]_pere`]` iejan] h]o]qpkne`]`aolkh~pe_]ou hko ieai^nko`ah]o Dqanv]o?ni]`]o
5 8 I B 7 5 G H F  /13

u Dqanv]o Nkhe_e]hao, Ch _Åjuqca u hko l]neajpao mqa `alaj`]j a_kjÅie_]iajpa `a h]o lanokj]o ej`e_]`]o
]jpanekniajpap]i^e}joaaj_qajpn]jejd]^ehep]`]o,

Jkook_eko*`ena_pknao*nalnaoajp]jpao*pn]^]f]`knaou_kjpn]peop]o`alanokj]oj]pqn]haokfqn~`e_]o`a`e_]`]o]h]
]_pere`]` iejan] jklk`n|j]`mqenenl]n]o~*_kj_aoekjaoaj qjn]`ek`a`eavgehÅiapnko`a_q]hmqeanlqjpk`ah
lan~iapnkmqaaj_eannaah|na]aj`kj`aoaq^emqajh]o_kj_aoekjao`ah]olanokj]o]h]o_q]haoaop|jrej_qh]`]o*
o]hrk]qpknev]_eÅjatlnao]`ahpepqh]n,Cop]lnkde^e_eÅj_kilnaj`a]hkol]neajpaomqa`alaj`]ja_kjÅie_]iajpa
`aheila`e`k,

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a' Qa aop]^ha_a mqa hko iejanko ejbkni]hao a' Qa _na] ah Dkj`k Kejank _kj ah lnklÅoepk
ejo_nepkoaj ah PCGLDMpaj`n|j`ana_dk`a `a cajan]n ej_ajperko mqa _k]`uqraj h] 6
lnabanaj_e]ok^naah|na]`kj`ana]hev]joq bkni]hev]_eÅj`ahkooqfapkomqal]npe_el]j q
]_pere`]` iejan], ajah lnk_aok, ;D
O,
aj
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5,2 Qa ]i l heÅ ah P}cei aj `a Q]j a ] i ea j pk  b' Qa _na] ah oahhk Mnk bkni]h* Mnk lanq]jk 
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d]op] lkn qj lh]vk`a /0.`~]o d|^ehao* `a _kj h] bej]he`]` `a ej_ajper]n h] _ki ln] KGLCPM,
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Ba_napk Jaceoh]perk* ao `a_en* d]op] ah / `a lnaoajpa lnk_aok`abkni]hev]_eÅj iejan]
]ckopk`ah 0./5, uc]n]jpev]nh]pn]v]^ehe`]``ah iejan]h,

5,3 Qa aop]^ha_aj qj] oanea `a ^ajabe_eko k ? _k j pej q ] _eÅ j  oa ` ap]hh]j  h]o jkni ]o mqa
ej_ajperkoa_kjÅi e_kol]n]ejcnao]n]aopa _kjbkni]jahLqarkP}ceiaj`aDkni]hev]_eÅj
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:
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`a h] _kj_aoeÅj iejan] lk`n| ]_na`ep]n h] M
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/ Ba_napk Jaceoh]perk Ba_h]n] `a ejpan}o j]_ekj]h h] bkni]heò :
paj_eÅj `ah GE?A k GE?DMK9 k* d]^eaj`k /071 v]_eÅj`ah]o]_pere`]`ao`ah] lamqaÄ]
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iejan~]uiejan~]]npao]j]h,
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_kj hko iejanko mqa oa aj_qajpnaj aj ah /114 `aDkni]hev]_eÅjGjpacn]h, F+
PCGLDM* lkn qj lh]vk jk i ajkn ] pnao &1' 1 Ba_napk Jaceoh]perk Kk`ebe_]ahAÅ`eckNaj]h]bej`abknp]haò :
]Äko, Co `a_en* jk oa namqanen| _kjp]n _kj /13/ _anh]oacqne`]`_eq`]`]j],

h]]qpknev]_eÅj `a eje_ek`a]_pere`]`ao`a 2 Paokhq_eÅj `a Qqò aop]^ha_a bkni] `a lnklkn_ekj]n ejbknò
lanejpaj`aj_e] i]_eÅj l]n]ahPaceopnkGjpacn]h `aDknò
atlhkn]_eÅj k atlhkp]_eÅj iejan]* _ki k ./1+0./5+QSL?R i]hev]_eÅjKejan],
lnare]i ajpaoaatec~], 3 Ba_napkQqlnaikLÑ Cop]^ha_a `eolkoe_ekjao _kilhaiajò
..3+0./5+CK p]ne]o l]n] ah afan_e_ek `a `ana_dk `a
lnabanaj_e],
^' ?mqahhkopepqh]nao`a_kj_aoekjaoiejan]o*
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pn]pk `a atlhkp]_eÅj k _kjpn]pk `a _aoeÅj
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?i^eajp]h l]n] h] Dkni]hev]_eÅj `a?_ò
c]n|jlkn_kj_alpk`a`ana_dk`arecaj_e] pere`]`ao`aNamqaÄ] Kejan~]uKejan~]
hkmqa_knnaolkj`a]h NNK  lknah lh]vk`a ?npao]j]h

pnao&1']Äko*naola_pk]h]_kj_aoeÅjiejan] 6 Paokhq_eÅj Kejeoò ?lnqa^]j Dkni]pko _kj ah _kjpaje`k

pane]h LÑ, 251+0./5+ `ap]hh]`k `ah ?ola_pk Aknna_perkuNnaò
k^fapk`ah_kjpn]pk, KCK-BK rajperk `ah GE?DMK* u ah A]p|hkck `a
Ka`e`]o?i^eajp]hao

_' Ch pepqh]n `ah _kjpn]pk `a atlhkp]_eÅj mqa

oqo_ne^] _kjpn]pko lkn qj lh]vk jk i ajkn TGGG, ?JESL?Q PCDJCVGMLCQ DGL?JCQ W
:
`a pnao &1' ]Äko _kj i ejanko ejbkni ]hao AMLAJSQGMLCQ S
ejo_nepko aj ah PCGL DM  mqa`] atajpk `a D:
4P!
ej
l]ck `a laj]he`]` lkn qj lh]vk ecq]h ] h] ]' J] iejan~] ehac]h jk ao qj lnk^hai ] okhk D:

recaj_e] `ah _kjpn]pk u naola_pk `ah |na] ]i ^eajp]huok_e]h*oejkp]i ^e}ja_kjÅi eò

oaÄ]h]`]ajah _kjpn]pk,
`' ?mqahhko i ejanko ejo_nepko aj ah PCGLDM
mqak^pajc]j h] ]qpknev]_eÅj `a eje_ek `a
]_pere`]`ao `aatlhkp]_eÅj* mqa`]j atajò
pko`ahl]ck_knnaolkj`eajpa]h`ana_dk`a
recaj_e] lknah lh]vk`aqj &/']Äk,
_k* lkh~pe_kubeo_]h*mqa`eb~_ehi ajpa lk`n|
ej
oan okhq_ekj]`k aj ah _knpk lh]vk, Nnqa^]
`aahhk*aoah lk_k}tepkmqad]jpaje`kh]o
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`ahkor]nekonac~iajaomqaoad]jejpajp]ò 1
`kei lhai ajp]n]hkh]nck`aaopkoÇhpeiko O
mqej_a&/3']Äko,

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oacÇj hklnareopkaj jqaopn] haceoh]_eÅj*h]
iejan~] ehac]h _ki lnaj`a h]atpn]__eÅj `a
_q]hmqean iejan]h aj h]o _kj`e_ekjao ej`eò
_]`]oaj h]Qa__eÅj GG,
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] lao]n `a mqa h] ]_pere`]` iejan] ehac]h
mqaoareaja na]hev]j`k aj i]ukn ia`e`]
aj K]`na `a Beko* ateopaj aj jqaopnk l]~o
kpn]ovkj]o mqap]i ^e}j oaraj ]ba_p]`]o
lknaop]]_pere`]`,?hnaola_pk*h]Qk_ea`]`
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na_kjk_e`kmqa`aolq}o`aK]`na`aBeko*
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okj8&e'?i]vkj]o*&ee'Jknapk*&eee'S_]u]he*&er'
Fq|jq_k*ajpnakpnko,
5 8 I B 7 5 G H F  /13
0. A ` S  E S d o S  < d S Y a  D g V a i [ W Y  ) F S f S ^ [ S  P r p [ Y S  9 d T [ ^ V a
`' ?hkh]nck`ahkoÇhpeiko]Äkooad]j`e_p]`k
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_aj lnk_aoko`abkni]hev]_eÅj iejan]mqa
^qo_]j hhar]n] hko iejanko ejbkni]hao] h]
hac]he`]` u ann]`e_]n h] iejan~] ãhac]h, Qej
ai^]nck*]lao]n`ahko`eranokoaobqanvko
na]hev]`kou`a^e`k] h]_ki lhafe`]` `a h]
oepq]_eÅj* `e_dko aobqanvko jk d]j paje`k
ah}tepkaolan]`k,
a' Cj i ]pane] `a i ejan~] ehac]h mqa`] ]Çj
i q_dklknd]_an*jkokhkaop| laj` eaj pa
ah ` e_p] ` k  `a jkni ]o _k i l hai aj p]ne]o
mqa lani ep]j _ki l naj ` anah L qark Nnkò
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laj`eajpamqaahjqarkE k^eanjklh]jpaa
qj] lkopqn] `abej eper] a eje_ea+_kjbq anò
v] +ah _]i ejk d]_e] h] ann]`e_]_eÅj `a h]
]_pere`]` ehac]h,