11

Module 1

JANWILL A. PAZ
Instructor
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 1:

FRACTIONS

Introduction

This module is designed to help you think and develop Business mathematical ideas. There
are times when you will feel confused, and there are times when it will be necessary to work
on an idea over a period of several days. You will encounter many interesting and
challenging problems in this module.

Objectives:
 Demonstrate an understanding of fractions.
 Recall the types of fractions they have learned.
 Explain how fractions operate when the unit referred to is a group or a class.

Vocabulary List:

 Fraction – represents a part of a whole.

 Numerator – is the number above the fraction bar.
 Denominator – is the number below the fraction bar.
 Vinculum – is a fraction bar.

Getting Ready:

Direction: True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct; if false, correct the
statement.

________ 1. A whole is always bigger than its parts.

________ 2. A fraction of something is always equal to a fraction of another something.

8 7
________ 3. is greater than .
5 6

16 20
________ 4. is equal to .
4 5

2 4
________ 5. is equal ¿ .
3 8
Starting Point:

A fraction represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal

parts. When spoken in everyday English, a fraction describes how many parts of a certain
size there are, for example, one-half, eight-fifths, three-quarters.
A common, vulgar,or simple fraction (examples: and ) consists of a numerator displayed
above a line (or before a slash), and a non-zero denominator, displayed below (or after)
that line. Numerators and denominators are also used in fractions that are not common,
including compound fractions, complex fractions, and mixed numerals.
In positive common fractions, the numerator and denominator are natural numbers. The
numerator represents a number of equal parts, and the denominator indicates how many of
those parts make up a unit or a whole. The denominator cannot be zero because zero parts
can never make up a whole. For example, in the fraction 3⁄4, the numerator, 3, tells us that
the fraction represents 3 equal parts, and the denominator, 4, tells us that 4 parts make up a
whole. The picture to the right illustrates or 3⁄4 of a cake.
A common fraction is a numeral which represents a rational number. That same number can
also be represented as a decimal, a percent, or with a negative exponent. For example,
0.01, 1%, and 10−2 all equal the fraction 1/100. An integer such as the number 7 can be
thought of as having an implicit denominator of one: 7 equals 7/1.
Other uses for fractions are to represent ratios and division.[1] Thus the fraction 3/4 is also
used to represent the ratio 3:4 (the ratio of the part to the whole) and the division 3 ÷ 4 (three
divided by four). The non-zero denominator in the case using a fraction to represent division
is an example of the rule that division by zero is undefined.
We can also write negative fractions, which represent the opposite of a positive fraction. For
example, if 1/2 represents a half dollar profit, then −1/2 represents a half dollar loss.
Because of the rules of division of signed numbers, which require that, for example, negative
divided by positive is negative, −1/2, –1/2 and 1/–2, all represent the same fraction,
negative one-half. Because a negative divided by a negative produces a positive, –1/–
2 represents positive one-half.
In mathematics the set of all numbers that can be expressed in the form a/b, where a and b
are integers and b is not zero, is called the set of rational numbers and is represented by the
symbol Q, which stands for quotient. The test for a number being a rational number is that it
can be written in that form (i.e., as a common fraction). However, the word fraction is also
used to describe mathematical expressions that are not rational numbers, for
example algebraic fractions (quotients of algebraic expressions), and expressions that
contain irrational numbers, such as √2/2 (see square root of 2) and π/4 (see proof that π is
irrational).
For examples,
Types of fractions

1 UNIT FRACTIONS

FRACTIONS WITH NUMERATOR 1 ARE CALLED UNIT FRACTIONS.

2. PROPER FRACTIONS

Fractions in which the numerator is less than the denominator are called proper fractions.

3. Improper fractions
Fractions in which the numerator is more than or equal to the denominator are called
improper fractions.
4. Mixed fractions
Mixed fractions consist of a whole number along with a proper fraction.

Practice your skills:

Test 1: Solve the fraction situation.

1. Cezar used nails, screws, and pegs to build a model house. He used twice
as many screws as pegs and 3 fewer nails than screws. He used 15 nails.
How many pegs did he use?

Test 2: Express the following as a fractions of the units indicated.

________ 1. 4 ounces as part of pound.

________ 2. 3 quarts as part of a gallon.

________ 3. 3 months as part o a year.

Test 3: Solve me.

This a diagram shows the patio that the family Lopez is planning for their new
home. Each square in the patio represents a square meter. Some of the patio is covered by
the roof of the house as shown in the covered area.
Developing skills:
Direction: Identify the following as a proper fraction (PF), an improper fraction
(IF), or a mixed number (MN).

3
________ 1. 4
3

12
________ 2.
5

1
________ 3. 6
3

5
________ 4.
12

9
________ 5.
9

Bibliography:
Lopez-Mariano, Norma D. PhD bn 2016. Business Mathematics.
https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/fractions/fraction