ASSIGNMENT 3

Que-1 Write short notes on:

A) . Mass law
 Transmission of airborne sound across a solid wall or a single skin
partition is known as Mass Law.
 This law may be expressed in a variety of ways.
 In principle, the law suggests that the sound insulation of a solid
element will increase by approximately 5 dB per doubling of mass.
 The mass law is applicable between 10 and 1000 kg/m2.
 Light weight framed construction achieves far better standards of
airborne sound insulation .

B. ) Transmission Loss (TL)

 Transmission loss (TL) in general describes the accumulated decrease in
intensity of a waveform energy as a wave propagates outwards from a
source, or as it propagates through a certain area or through a certain
type of structure.
 Transmission Loss in room acoustics describes the decrease of sound
intensity that is reduced by a wall or other structure at a given
frequency.

Transmission Loss
Que 2). Explain in detail Sound isolation in architectural spaces.

The levels of desired sound insulation, for different types of buildings and
between the individual rooms or apartments of a building can be achieved
by the following contraction measures of noise control and sound
insulation.
Wall Insulation: Vertical Barriers

Walls and partitions are the vertical barriers to noise. Their proper design
and construction may insulate the sound to the desired level. Wall
construction, used for sound insulation, may be four types.
• Rigid and Massive Homogeneous Walls.
• Partitions of Porous Materials.
• Double Wall Partition.
• Cavity Wall Type Construction.

1. Rigid and Massive Homogeneous Walls

A rigid wall consists of stone, brick or concrete masonry construction, well
plastered on one or both the sides. The sound insulation offered by these
rigid walls depends upon their weight per unit area. The sound insulation
thus increases with the increase in the thickness of the wall. Because of the
logarithmic variation between weight and transmission loss, such a
construction (i.e.solid wall) becomes highly uneconomical and bulky after
certain limit. As can be seen from Table 17.2, the transmission loss (sound
insulations) of a one-brick wall is 50 dB while that of a 11/2 brick thick wall
is 53. On the other hand, a half brick wall with 13 mm thick plaster on
both the sides as TL of 45 dB.

2. Partition walls of Porous Materials

Porous materials may be rigid or non-rigid. Rigid porous materials (such as
porous concrete masonry cinder concrete etc.), the insulation increases
about 10% higher than the non-porous rigid material. However, partition
walls of non-rigid porous materials (such as felt, mineral wool etc.) offer
very low sound insulation, though they can be used in combination with
rigid materials with added advantage.
3. Double Wall Partition
A double wall partition shown in Figure, consists of plaster boards on fibre
boards or plaster on laths on both the faces, with sound absorbing
blanket in between staggered wooden studs are provided as support,
though their number should be a minimum. A double wall construction is
thus a partition wall of rigid and non-rigid porous materials.

4. Cavity Wall Construction

This is an ideal construction from the point of view of sound proofing as
shown in Figure. The gap between the two leafs of the wall may be left air-
filled or else filled with some resilient materials, like quill etc. well
suspended in the gap. The two faces of the wall may be fixed with celotex
or other insulating board. The width of cavity should be at least 5 cm, and
the two wall leaves should be tied by use of only light butterfly wall ties.

Floors
Transmission of sound takes place more easily through floors. This is on
account on the fact, that invariably the sound producing source has actual
contact with the floor. Hence the floor serves as the most common path
for the transmission of impact noise. The ordinary R.C.C. floor weighing
less than 220 kg/sqm has a sound reduction of only 45 dB. Thus bare
concrete and timber floors do not function effectively as barrier against
impact sound. A floating floor resting on a resilient material like glass
wool, mineral wool, quilt, hairfelt, corck, rubber etc. has an increased rating
for impact sound insulation.
(A) Use of resilient surface material on floors:
• This consists of this concrete layer as R.C.C.floor slab and then providing
soft floor finish or covering of resilientmaterial such as linoleum,insulation
board, cork,asphalt mastic, carpet etc.
• This helps to damp theimpact noises but has noappreciable effect on
airborne sound

(B) Concrete floor floating construction:

• An additional floor is constructed and isolated (floated) from the existing
floor
• Resilient material like quilted mineral or glass wool is laid over the R.C.C.
floor/roof
• A water proof paper is then laid over it
• A 5 cm thick concrete layer is provided over the paper
• Such construction provides good insulation from impact soundTimber
floor floating construction:

(C) Floors with suspended ceilings and air space

• Helps to improve insulation of both air borne and structure borne sounds
• For solid floors, metal hangers of acoustic clips are used to support the
ceiling Method of increasing the airborne and impact sound insulation of
an existing floor- ceiling structure.

(D) Timber floor floating construction:

In case of wooden flooring, sound insulation problem is more difficult
particularly in case of heavy mechanical impact sounds Mineral or glass
wool quilt for isolation purposes are insulated within the wooden joists.
Resilient mountings may be used to obtain more satisfactory
results.Introducing pluggings or deadening material in the air space
between the wood joists are also advisable.
RAJ MAHESHWARI
VII SEM
PIADS, NAGPUR