Overview of Warranty Accounting

A business may have a warranty policy, under which it promises customers to repair or replace
certain types of damage to its products within a certain number of days following the sale date.
If the company can reasonably estimate the amount of warranty claims likely to arise under the
policy, it should accrue an expense that reflects the cost of these anticipated claims.

The accrual should take place in the same reporting period in which the related product sales are
recorded. By doing so, the financial statements most accurately represent all costs associated
with product sales, and therefore indicate the true profitability associated with those sales. If the
period covered by the warranty is changed by management, this will alter the warranty expense
not only for those sales in the current period, but also for sales in prior periods whose
warranties have now been extended into the current period.

If the cost of warranty claims were to instead be recognized only when the company processes
actual claims from customers, the costs may not be recognized until several months after the
associated sales. The financial reporting under this approach would yield inordinately high
initial profits, followed by depressed profits in later months, for as long as the warranty period
lasts.

If there is no information from which to derive a warranty estimate for use in an accrual,
consider using industry information about warranty claims. This is especially useful when other
products in the industry are similar to those sold by the company.

If the amount of warranty expense recorded is significant, expect the company's auditors to
investigate it. If so, develop a history of the actual cost of warranty claims, and calculate the
relationship between costs incurred and the related amount of revenue or units sold. This
information can then be applied to current sales levels, and forms the basis for a justification of
the amount of accrued warranty expense.

If a warranty claim period extends for longer than one year, it may be necessary to split the
accrued warranty expense into a short-term liability for those claims expected within one year,
and a long-term liability for those claims expected in more than one year.