INTRODUCTION

Born in mesopotamy to 3500 mainly in the cities of sumer and elam, it makes its
first traces of scientific activities in the human civilization of the neolithic where
the trade and urbanization develops. The sciences of information are disciplinary
fields That are intented to keep or record the information. In other words, their
object is concerned with any form of written, oral or audiovisual knowledge.
They study and put information, knowledge and knowledge available to
individual through a process of acquisition (collection of data from the message
to be transmitted), processing (storage or analysis of the message) and operating
(dissemination of knowledge). This need to own information and exploit is
linked to the birth of whiting from antiquity. Indeed, for millennia man has
arrived to register his thought and its imagination on supports that have become
documents. Over time, the information explodes and expires with the invention
of printing by gutenberg. This is accentuating and facilitates information needs.
Better, the entrance of humanity in modernism will result by the massa of
information and by ricochet the need to treat it and control it. Indeed, it is more
and more need for fresh and fast information in a communication society where
competition beats its full. It is in this atmosphere that our work will be reached
on research such as : the defining approach and advantage of information
science and bibliographic desciption.

I- DEFINITIONAL APPROACH

1- Definition of science

In its first sense, science can agree as ‘’ the sum of the knowledge’’.
Following the technique at its history, it develops in the west through work. It is
also the coherent set of knnowledge relating to certain categories of facs, objects
or obedient phenomena to laws and/or verifed by experimental methods.

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 2- Definition of information

The concept of information is relatively complex and was the subject of many
controversies. The notion of information is not the same of a discipline to the
other and following the perspective in wich we are placeing, very different
properties for information is available. According to P. Romagni & V. Wild,
information is considered ‘’ intelligence that improves our knowledge on any
subject’’.

3- Definition of information science

The sciences of information is an interdisciplinary science mainly concerned by

the collection, ranking, handling, storage, research and dissemination of
information. Information science studies the application and use of knowledge i
organisations, and the interaction between people, organisations and information
systems. This science is an interdisciplinary field that affects both computer
science, but also the sciences of information and libraries, information and
communication technologies, cognitive science and social sciences.

II- THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SCIENCE OF INFORMATION

Information science is interested in information management devices (database,

search engine website, etc…) and how they are designed, managed and used. By
extension, it focuses on exploring and changing the principles and methods of
research, processing, archiving and informing information to facilitate access
and use. The science of information is also the major.
Theoretical reference of the information-documentation Professionals (web
content manager documentalist, eye, record managers, digital documentary
administrator, document control, knowledge manager, project manager in the
information system).
Result of the mojority of document techniques they use to monitor, capitalize,
organize, analyse and disseminate information. However, specialists are divided
on the exact nature of this discipline, or even its legitimacy. The science of
information covers a very broad research field, seeking both the contributions of

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the humanities and social sciences for study of uses that engineering sciences for
the problematic documenting and the encoding of digital information (XML,
RDF). Its esctent escplains the persistent reluctance about its theoretical
legitimacy and a certain floating in enforcement. Beyond its specialties, the
coherence of this science field is due to universality and the relevance of its
object, responding to a massive and transverse phenomenon of the so- called
informatio society.

III- BENEFICTS OF INFORMATION SCIENCE

Organization practice, the science of information has become a rigorous social

science that takes on a typical as rigorous technology. The purpose of the
purpose of the general information properties (nature, genesis, effects) and the
analysis of its construction, communication and use process. Information
technology, for its purpose, is the purpose of the design of products, systems and
services that allow the construction, communication, storage and use of
information. For example, the definition preceding the scientific and technical
information and esctention techniques are defined and define one of the
branches of the science of information, the museology of science and
techniques. The museum of science of techniques thus to the study of the
genesis, the nature and the effects of the scientific and technical information
intented for publics of non- specialists (information that the establishments are
slopes and cuture and technical culture), that is to say : to analyze the processes
of production, communication and use of this information ; and to design the
systems (the collections made of objects, the eschibits made from escperts and
the escplorations made of plugs, of ‘’manips’’) that allow then communication,
their use and their storage. We will successfully study the three construction,
communication and use process of scientific and technical information, most of
the studies having been about them…

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CONCLUSION
The science of informations among the youngest occupations in africa. Young
she requires time toget involved, spread and assert itself however, the speed of
its development depends largely on its acceptance within the communities. It
will spread quickly when the population will have accepted and understood its
contribution to economic, social, cultural and technical progress.
It is this objective that any documentary service must aim, to which participating
actively in the developement activities of its institution. The work is therefore
not limited to the only documentation. He encompasses the heads of the
institutions decision- makers, politicians, planners, researchers, trainres and all
citizens that in one why or another are related to the activities of the
documentation.

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION

 COADIC YVES, the science of information, PUF (what is i know N°

2873), 1994
 Ibekwe San Juan Fidelia, the science of information : origins, theories and
paradigms lavoisier, 2012
 Gardais Cecile, approach to information- documentation. Founder
concepts, Cepaduès Editions, 2011
 Salaun Jean – Michel, Introduction to the sciences of information, the
discovery 2011.