MA VEEN ~Aoav etal LING Cutt anufacharing Exgrteeriing B technology. x pakjony, |CHAPTER —-\ “Theory Or Mem Garnng Classi fication ol crnomnu hy Susing Reroe eng ) ery ee Loomin Bre Procens Shope %) Sng Proces we Qrecey Removal Procen YE preceas 4) Reqenenative mmonabetasing, Queae wor & *qQen Dove rman uhercrrrdn Mat reduction ob seth oF aa Prototyging? in deyer by Sayer from row 8 Vrod ucts Marea im dierank forms Machin AG i i danced Br da crenbal Procen q Fring hy volntch jobs er gro forme dered mension by araduat wmnckered Grom ane WM ave Nelly ~ Reo ae tne ence groomed blame’ ty Ame form ook e ae cutting, tools moved paast-bne wer. ecco hag! bya wFemouad Process. manniniy Am to + ALI RS Qanttionall omquuirements s Tmprove %& Portosmonce . Protons, Us Service Draw beck A mmaclatoi no 2 tess | mortentol tn -the form chips * dlow Process Cte Productulty Orne gona\ Machining, Rowe Aunkace or (ue chite 1 Sualete womeach'ned t Surface meaninined on Keofned Aun fare X= Rake ome Ve Clearance omgle Ne CoA on veloch b= Mean omale We Jp Omgle ox wedge Omale pr Cattingemle on Konige angle te Unceed nip WickKney ta Crip Mick ew tot rat mann Ana nana a TEE" CN Due re place delormotion of ne Memecfal -harckmes vill Yneweoxe DP syeon fot ture] 7 Prachi cally, “be ust be aoe Ret a , Due to tempr Trcreone & the ortp Jnicknes will Wevrewe dn dome microns important Yonah b= A Cdepen of cub) — vr ormegonal, cutting, eS Qstna — & mee) re Vetnciple curing edge angle => b= wid ences — _ortnoge nal cutting Rate Fonlace ow face Tre Arnlace Alera, whith Se Chip mover tpwands Et called make Foaheue a rook. Flonk or odie Aurlace Me oknen Fnslore when do ~edfeved te aver subbing wih ame mvathined Aourface & called flank es Yom a Rake omale (x) 5 Pmale Saclinattion & vake Bunce (rom rodenen ie plane ie, mowmal to hori go mathined Ke. be allows Chip Qlow direction , eH oveduces the certs force Teaytived ty Khean the mek amd Seduce the omer Consumption. KT D> cutting Jone 2 Provides Keennex (shenbnens’) to cobHra edog , - ke Avtiloce Uinisn, » 7 XV => Srenpmers T KeCAroronce Onn|e an ved omae W) 7 oO ©. male ‘4 Watinadto & * % tnt Bofece. Clearance om Aeon range (vom-tne + TS reduces Qoichion omd eal w tc, + Th Imbrovee to0Q Life. * Excemdve Clearame omale Weokkers the tooQ , VW be ave [2° tors | Leting Comigue cutting] Speed ~feea - depen Aewt- AeagentS\ elects or Cutting velocity on cutting, Ape ed N= wow Ve 2, SNE 2 TDN wm), [aren © nn > 60 60 Ve TRN ™ din (when Binw) Ne WDN Yon (wren D in vm) \o00 7 Ss SL ws ex ms Sec = CGS unha ext Wr (Cec > feed Lee proper potttening, “te tool gs mm [rev deed in a minuke = Qn Yan » feed ge feed velottyy er ontad toed) = Vy =| oy VOD NNNAHARAPANRNNNNNNONNNANNHNHN NOH AOD eOxy Axle Aheed = OM vs Lawl Lee. RN = 04 X 1000 srarn | deptin al cud d= Deby 2 min Rake Smale *vake avale can be We, sve, a Vee \ = ce & Postiue rake ce ac) e Reduce catyne one e Reduce cuin’ power > fostive rake ovehes Oe Teccomendad . mlcing Jow Arrength materia) « dow Youn wachtne . dovg Anke J &mai\ Aameler. [Pue to tow Ailfness smile Ad —up VauKs Atrenct md Agi day . * Xow curing Apeed + CUMBra, teed wetenial o(H ss) Hss => 1g 4 -\ + No Gy LP BO mJyVout Nigh Caron Stet Em ' Wem Abeel ster’ —} 20 ma|min Chuctle teal] Conbidcs —» 150 m|miy Ceramics —s 600 mm] min Negative Rake Increonres eaQe Wren o win ah Corechani coos, & Swunmatly) Tneveoue hood uke. + dcreates Cuda \orce & Requires Nigh Catha °5 Apeed + Requires wen “a Cowen * Means wha | ood. > MrQAhve Make angler ane eccomendas Icing high ateengty Moy o> High curtin 4predk © wih wigs Aek—y : Curing, trod materig\ + “Smo vake when, Corome » Sarbide ° Te AT deriqon oma mann factuaing Aarne Lorm dooQ | + trercases te Arreengty + Pucids Aasing, A Sek nto he Workbiece ° Brass 2 ocx, Ane moghined my 3mo rake , L vcore “— Bean gee, etane atin us cap ¥ hse {Mo rake kt > RSE feentace nich duning Ont oduey Example 4 form foada 1) Gean oun in wai\ing, ™|c. a) twead cating fn ate vale,Types ef machining, Tl “/ra |__| wos plece Fig! ovtneqong) Cutting Figx oblique cuting, OrMmogonal Cudting, 1 Cutting edge of Me Fook Ga lon to me dee ae Comin af w wider then ane W)p widan and ax wp B mach oreate fme woldth af ‘ran degin Cuk, D Mhe ch Jenemted Rous de A Me toa whit, ip Velocity Prpendicuden be ane. Cutting dag | 4) “he a) forces ak atong. two On Me Take Grechon Ce Note + during medal catin (any) 1 OM Merete Un cotta, Apeed Comays Curing, fowc este anemnain Wn Reded or Abgitly, Tedued | Q Heat, embry util Preveiane Mr” Power , @ Aull) deseare , Cutting force ust celeGeomeren of Angle ota zuening took Classi ieechion send Recording 4o Me number QR rmsior cutting, edges (points) Toualued * Single font + Arran Araping Penning , Atetiing hols, Varina tool, ‘ | ¢ Double Point defining tood © Mark Polak 3 Milling, broadhin 4 Dobbing tos | tao, grim dng, vohe | | Sastem ol Deceviption 9 eat Geometry. D Moamine weenunce Anystem 1 ASA er frst 2 Te0o.Q woeRenun ce Augen § ORS and NARS nanannaan \SD old So ee D work wehnence Avgiem : Wes om ORS so os tMogonad veWe Ariston, ® (Ke — 7 Gide de religk omale Gy By k-sfe - Lon te boue 8 Whe widtnX-Sle poretl eg te boue ae KrSle Law to be ond Qevatte\ Ae Nengty Back Yoke angle (> + Hs ame omale lwo de love ef ‘ne tool omd tne bare ‘me XhonK eo Nolder , amd Go tusvally s™eoaund Vw & plane Jan to bore amd Ponailel to the length A two. « iF allects the ABtY a oad Av shea Se “wo rk wrockerntad omd form ane Hip. as ‘weming tye Oo taker ane cite owen Rrow ame mathine Asondene WEA — “ve, AeKes “me CRS om tothe mathingd Ce. a Onqle. &,) + fH a Ame omale bho me face ed He 400 amd~Hw bore B® Aran or holder amd oy Usually meouruned vy plows, Yea fo bore omd ponsdet to width . o Anerecne dm Ane Ueda yake omge weduces the chib Thickness, tn Ausming€ C ES veri omale Ce) d 2 Ue Sa Ane Curae Welw “Me portion a nd fan K Termediately Yelors ths omd canting Bdge omd © Line drone ‘Anmoute ¢ hts Cutty edge Lan to twa bore, Wb usualy, marred € Vw a ou? lan jo Awe Quad Aonk d * The and mrelid omale Preven feFchon on the {lon he, é trod c | Side elie angle ('g) S ee c TAN RE tHe omme bho ne Peohion a “me Aide (lank Rmme¢ Arately betes awe Ade Carting sage omd bine drawn ¢ Anne Ws Cutity sedsre Lex te “the bare . SG 6 Bore Lan te Bde jon, Ene cutting, Sag omale /ECEA (Ge) MWe and turing wage omgle Sa the amount net ihe md corny, Race lobes Oma from “me ace a he | took, &o | WU Clean ane Gniened Aeurgace on tne work ptece , when Cutting Wirth Aad — cating. edge , Mead In g + FE provemie ame “beating and of tee euatiing ae rubbing, Cogd ne =the Arenas ‘3 4 A frm * B fom end Cotiing edge erste weakens Sua deal, othe aro ivy, Kept Ho gf 4 is ann NANRNAnnnnnnnnannann nRe, , “4 &e 5 » 7 Side cating edge angle ) Seeh (Ce) > 6 84 aathe omqgle wich prevents wu ) Me work Mmeatentals (mor mall , , ' ) ounce Aha Ado entou \ (S- 30°) = Deh eeekened 1 a Neagen tts ome, ame apres sre Combonent dd force f Fendiya, to Aekmote te wor B drok + (mag \nduce chetret) e At Ts Tueveoued vodue ft wt hove move A Yds lenge, Vin acklon | flor a ofven hei ak. 2 AY Tn Faerenred vole S} produce tnlnnen K widen hip shed wil det bute he cutting, Neet (Cyne. dool Ue) 6 Cope Gs destrabie when ml cy wit hand amd cali Arne Least Ounount— 3 Roo!) wedge Aheutd be 2xpoced che ave. houtrudh Ve Qchion Ame Skin. Nete. Cg hog inQluence on Cutting force em) et cutting POWU Contamprton, a Ky = hyuak force er padiad force WAN Incveoye Rite SalGy 3B. Ex = ontod ow feed force wry deer cone, Fale AL cole= decd angle Ke # Lead anqle fs | Qed ag (le Sead omgley aw ae Lb ama) e + Ub onale [ weage angle [ Kmile omale | Casting congle — dagends On We vaKe ond Clearance oath othe cutting ode 2B longen 0} onale pewnits “mmachinhag, 4 Werder metals, awe Weouten dopty a cub, beth heat Use Food Be. Nose Radius ° by weeding, aire. Concentyatton * Rut too Sarge Nose, radiy WW Trduce Sethe, nese radia Tcreasen ' Cutting forces Roce Smereeuer TH Inccesue tenn Sie. : Ome provided em tne food aAnananannan Pakion Ancresye.Too Acsiquahion or Tool Aignatave CASA o« Ans) “-aA-% -C -q- ce 6 € s To Yememben, sol Follows me Yule ~ Yake reel cuttin edoe ~ Bk wit) tome tat ~ Rais wlth nose ra dug Oxtnegonal rake Austen (eRs) -~-~~-~~wTwTwwwuvTvvvVTdvd ee en ea eC + Inclination anele (i> + orthogonal rake amgle («) + Ske este male C') o end vebieg omole Mm end cutting edge (G)» . Peincipad Cutting, edge ongle er CA)= 90-6 Aaproacly omale + Nese vadra CAD * Czo Jor © xthegpnod cation: Lo Ror oblique na. Notes- (n6 for turnin. epenction — beg Of Lan to Principe Cudsing, aloe A> AS Ser etweneredl wily plome Za cut“Interconvention ble ASA B ORS —nterconvention blu ASA toms = seaaytene, > Cana) tomer, tong = Sim@) tanks + CoA) Lomrot, => Gate fon dy = Stn@bawt 4 CRAY dovnog fads = Sin@)tanx “> CA) tom 6 EF extacet Covration —SSatien wnea A=ao > Aya & t=o => a= & trop Aceh > Xs hs Az Princlpod cating, edge omale T= Tnelmation owele mormak vake angle Ww Rs) Shean Anale (4) i= Chi Thickness Yao (1 2) aduwey) ov Cutting vaio he ae cvilp eduction Detor ev cMip ComPretmon ~vrat'o, ~a nan nannnnanannann> . ae > WB Notes change cn ustest dows not Meme AVea. > owele ence vo cromgds uy lpsce . 0 Sarat > é ° > fom b= Plex = v > ye End > ) Cutting, ANean Lrraty ™ > » 7 1Y= Ghd + tan(d-xy) = SK ) Sin 4 (ot (4-*) , i eno [wren d= 4e° , sey) condition (oc minimuny 1 Ve Cok} + tan = 2 (: ser L 22\ x Nimtn willbeed Qe use xs Vin @ze) = ae 0+ Y= ckb 4 en ( bei) We <= Corectg + Sec’ Qn) =e ad leq = See Grr) Garg = cx’ Cpr) cast Gor 4) = oxtd~ir) DS For d= Qo ss 26 = [ey = 0 Nove t woentnan K=O oY Ko, weiinbmum tlaton tel will ecu only ound ont Fedfo ! Velvociter ta metal cutting Lermegonat’| Velocy ot tne toad relative te “te work piece vy a CaNled ue cutting heed. + Velodkty J the Cith veletive te the wlp We) ao called She heen velocthy. . mei Athe ib Yelotive tote toad We) ca calted | | | 1 Chip veloddy , a | Deve the expression for velocier Gy meted cutting Vv Nes Coa ($-«) Sing CoAg, eo Vi Coa(g-«y i ' ' i ; | | | | i i Shean_ Zone wT =Shean atraty rate () HSS neh shear Atreln , Th da rede af ANcan AR 4 te. Yow Y= dy . Ne = a el Aneon zone *s Side 5-4 TH ITS UT Ly kee BL be Viz Go ™ bea tend - Yr Cn a Vor Vx Sud [~~ Bw wal-) ye Ve = ae YV= .Arxb6o Vv SUS wywin Cause ft chth formahton Shox. Gelding — Am duckle warteriad Rie Wactune > oy Beitte mareniad THe @ ert dD Continous chip %» DVisconirouy, chih D tontinous chp w'tth ROE W Sevroted oiConditions lex (orming DisconHnous chip. Df Avrequlean arabe and Bae work matalals bitte TSuch ox aren cout Tron} @ of mequlen Slnabe cmd Bre Work motenat — ductile but hond B wov K handenable deed dora Dern wk —> donrge food wake —> MeqovE Curing Suid —y alotenk op Wwadequate Wit waulls Perak cutter ake eT acer CondiMon for ering Continous Chih without BVE Work mokeniad —_» Ductile eon — Heh ooo es Yoke avele gaa (ose co. hign Curing, Quid —+ boxy cooling Dubbet eo Condition Lor Con Hn ous Chip win QE Wovk wedenial —4 dude a wehodity 7 wediuw, feed —+ Medium Corrina Quid—s abrert ov Inadequate. Budle- up edge (Bue) formation © IW machining ductile mosernta? wit, Jona, amy 4008 tonlag. Saver hot UR Arrens od Sempre dovetope “uta tue Sony Udformadion Jone Ok =the Chip -toon, inteabceOmdw Amel Nigh Atvew amd Fem van blo hoo craw Furr 4 om 1 atrong, bondin aan Aosaliy Seo Place dus to adhesion adylon, to werd} . * Such bonding wt be emcoureged ond axldenodes ne EWp feat amoifertale Gove mmiduad. alinthy Or BLAw ity + The weld vnodenial Aante forming an em amb yo ada met fowanable decation amd inc aceally OKnows, + Wh “the oprewita RoE, We force also OPAduall nercougy dig fo wedosng action eh me Sood Hh arora, wt me Roe formed oP %h swremeuenr tre force oxceal She bonden, force ay tre BoE Sue BUE Ss Greken op end SS ond Kou om: Wy tre feck Sieing, CH. Then Sed wy Atouts {oeming ound ogre , + Low ay Aleed alae conb@oubes, do {priming @ Boe, exe mniiing, , roacing, Elects Gute up: edge foreation > Harmful seek © Poor Auntace Koi Chragments fk Gve\ o Lavoro y Crores, We yoke OmAe ab-te trod xp Cousin, Yurtone ce 4 fore ie, Power Contam bition, * IMAM A brohon, =) Good etek © WE Protas ~tye caiting edog Bh tne to te, Meremes too De,( cee G. ae elemination § ROE g — & increare _, Curing Aperd T co Rake ange TSELS PL => heed Stem VE Cc Deeveare 4 heed gy Cc doen Qeobl co Use _ Cutng Nad S é Change Caring wok woterial (ax Coun ets’) cS “Ceamicteen € acts € c Sewrated cl\bs € € o AbD alte cated Aegmented ov non ~ home: Pr0Ug clige e€ OR Aur — Continous cWibs Ltt Zones Row ghia € Men Srain & e eometals wn Leis Meat Conductivity Gund ‘Crengry tne docrenyes Avon phy, Win emp cuchos th tenium ex ae At behowlour | the Chips ASustocth Vike albpearenieg Alem aieon Jone edow shear Bene PPADDADM. = WNen ue forced Chip breaker wece amd why ? wonen dips comtinouily form amd come SS eng Not, Song FIRE Una condition ce ae ductile work wodenial 7 Mod woke Aurtare with pote on nena yrrg foo, 5 Aalphes B Comentente operttor e — Ea co\eckton and Sia posag f WipeeS CuRETER-% RAPTE RSS ANALYSIS OF METAL CUTTING = ormegonad cut ng Fe |riction (one on, Shean fore on vake Aurfexe N= normal dorce 2 3 ca s E ? 3 ° " vr Bs & $ am : 7 ; é . i on Ahean plang = Re aaa borce ee tro force,Merhang force circle Diagram (Mer) As sme chib Ga moving with comtiant Velochy “ag! ’ Brunaforce Met veeubtant force on “ne ib wud be Bro RB R mat be want owd ebposte . NONDNANAHNAHRANRN Schemah'e Diaoquemn 4 Mop =-F o \pieeqmneieoe I om wT A NB = tomteny |= Graton angle Fe A Sinf N= QR WF Fo = A es(@e x) Her R Gn(B-x) Fee R Ga(Qet—w) = Tee BE Faz RGa (4 sem) DON MMMM ADNNANOANNNNAANRNDANOHNA. pt QR hex to be Und ot gub Ol tree 6 forces adkheoutt| Orr Ahoutd be Qeven Uvedty, or Wdivedtty | HM) Spestat_cose-\ Cao \ + EN. re Ty etn foema. | > > > > Bd » , , , , , veclangle Sa FAR Ne OR * * *e* FE len Feo ot F lav emean X= 0 FEN,= Fos witit dorm a BQO Fink o@ Flav maw X= 0 1RO, ca” Hide £2 Fo= 4oa.sn u Flav wo = A cG@+t) gic) > FeNs YOLEN a= Axor wr ees fudge Frye Woe ve EmsLimitations gf we gh mem omen ca vals only foc ortwegonak caiding . a. by the Fatlo ave mop Bre ablprd Cnot-actuot)) CO eNect et a N getetion Meschand -theow x Rraiyss Asumprony * Work material behave Wike on Food Poutic : eo TveQve wintmum eeanggy, ack * rind’ pad, 6T. B Fon atmuned to be entlank One ‘indegended f ¢ ate do “4 Ga bed on Aq\e Anean Rane “weory. 6 foe calculeion be use + tare fangs Fesx Gort, ‘nd ond 1 = ¥Bv0g A % KI powtie BO ey A Menchont heer ¢ oA AIM | aR ad SHE Mehr BUS & aay | > Meichant ‘nrory gfver tear Aeon plane ongle wmtoa comallen Albeo ploma whith meary Sewer, Aner fone ch Uswer cst wrtes | pow, Temp) el a which men forth w)dng, mannan nnn nannnannan DAMA RARRRARR RR RRR RRML ddd d/// 1» Alheaa cae by, ® = teachencboney, y owas ot COPS > Modified — ynenchand Mheory hwom Xunox DP marinank heey da wad Jor calculating” F' Atometinus bar Be wit be Ga Prefoware. ‘ lw diten Be tw Gy And ebtion > Reh Ane oven Fe Wun + Fe Corn sy Beet eee N Ron Ruy Bed obhon => oe Mencheut races Orohn > use xX OB $ Ee COVODVVKFFOOOOUOOICbCECbddY a P Ve nS aaa Fie goon é zB Gucegonf Vm BE 10m Re ee. 2oz os N Oe sgoagn [38> AS mm Bs” ne Roman = ONG Mrmr | Es fond = Oar, © =456.usw [A= 40° Te O-3U4 DFie Fen qernyfex = 107 ton) TONG oy nr 365 AYN F, - Seon 4 Tord 2 bogogn fx = too” 7 EBS 9. | ahs = OMtmm 4 on 9 4F KaloPro\( \ arning CONV Uo 4, formate, Fone Convention > Fe cra= Fy > AS “— Geomekry tonverion =. ——a Power Communit on Tekst gous = Ghee + fictional Nesweag a Rvs RY + FY ¢ € bs-y Yorrse ¢ x y, c oe ¢ TARE eremy commmbtion Eland) ¢ ¢ €= Rowen Wo ¢ SSS ss mee (mots) \ooo Q3x ve loorkd g $e ‘ Leen sty} ae ¢ oe Sgt sey ; Crfnatng, 3 50 Twas 6 Ecm +> Soo [vw : i ‘ 2 63WITPE aa ‘ ‘ ‘ « ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ 4a x — yo)? Toot Ble coves Lv" ¢] Cue ploted for Same Food Joacuaerer- MeToLegy Sanger = métoucty sor Smal+ — loo won a -o. 2 3 2 ie (Or) Upper Mh = 80.8 mm CLL Lowen ait = AVE Me Tolenence = UL-LL= O-B™™ Awiation (40-5 mm ype Gorm) ~ sry yrvvvuvvewvwrvnvyvyYy aS = g 5 2 =. 7 —_ ‘ ves hoe aera a 2 Ay a he cerned Nhe - a Qundamentad deviotion = rnint, ¥ Uppen deviation | Lowe dowieiion! ae ee &s Cy eae a esto LLELE CL 0-01 V/A -0.05°Transition Fits | a en \oene mar Ceanance syr reer eee eVVVVUvUUY UU UU UO oOeeY Thick culinder, \ 6 Rouben = &, Me YOMaD dtpan Ores oN fom conten Taner vediig = Vs @ Ourn rradiug ve 7 Lu Here, PB BF ane coleeWeded {rom oamar| Condittons Aemge nttad = Ws A+ B Arce Be FF ra aolid CulPndsxt cad Aalt under evternad Pr eUN L A= -—fe* _ _pP —_aS- ¢ BOF Boh ¢ Smits a Jundamena® deviate a : ¢ « ee ‘ 4 Coagirbet ; "Se (etre, U 4 Nole ‘ 1 00 106 co : ~ Steb-y er qe Tra — 100. 032 pv i i 4 ff FR aa Zoroliue ‘ lo. ee Bore We 4 \ “a PTR] | wo Cams co Gh SepS — Stemdand tolerance unt of funda mental tolerance unt hI 1 > ous qe 4 0.001d ‘ f= wus (49-90) +t o-co1 x hag = Wider a Step—4 Bind Yolerance Frubeding ty WH Ss Tolename = 1étes wae Oe Ske fod Qundamented dovlacion for Swope FDS yy ge for hole Bes + Wo 5 FQ 0% Ly» Rae St ov oe So ta osu ’ tore —+ seine : » yoo Une = 100 me TT Ny / o/ |r s aa.se1-|-—-44 Y o PR) i eee! > > be BZOxro = AF-TR mow , o| \, : t] ous ce) > 6.00) D = ANB ' Wee Tolenanw = 25> ff = ace Ca re Brat Telenme = 64 = buxrt-1% 5139 He FD hole = Sox DM 2 B6uw v ss fe mel 1"S ts 22 £0.04 Gi S| Xm = 220) © 3) : = 4. cy ¢ a — 9-496 = ov voy . & 10% L0oF eure 9.94 & é — 10-00 S~ oS —reor= V1 TI al 42-3542 L a J => La-0.0y oy é Z a G 2.05 4% bork Deiagat: = wae mini Bro = Rhett = Venay Darint = cette Pda Draw = dn 30.6) 42x oot = BO. oy art arn Boros tr 0.01 = Yoro}h ne mn mm oO. Bo. 6.0.6. Ge Sn Da Da. Ta Da Da Da Da?minis 257°. + (06% = Sree a ob Avi = 25. or + 6-0@4 = "25208 y ma sa Yot 0.08 ce ae man Yes ge =o ou (20.025 ay Off et = Lo ory 19.99 = 0.0KNoT Go 00.28 Rute 4 0 Gomae tolerance will be lo Unilatercd to lerante. A To Werante_ Bsa Has me VLA Gs = 99.20 ma, Ue Mo = 49-45 mm X Producer rtelc, BS eo ho = VLA Nog = Lug Nos . % 4 work tolenamne < lox of Oomy = 0,08 mu,as.015 folemece = 0.) x 0.03 = 0.003 4. 98o 0.003 Au.des e.00 Contes ois ix ” lov, a work tolerance FPF ONK OF & 0 0F mm > © 0.085 ma Work seb tolerance -<] tem er (iso) ¢ a's isk ox onsum * Producers sik BuRrvienomee = ivy, o. Looe bleromuee S.sfola, 7 aOnaAna ° &m Yol\in [Fav = Row J not Appl cable bey Srechton i toxce Omd UirecHo veoddy Ane not rae 4 { n & od ty nw “Dee shes £ True strata Srvess =D Se De t% [2 “Wree shrew = Seco —— & - a ¢__ Srrain = € = Ak * | 7 a Q | Wwe Strain ac = Ak = dx =z gwd | Analenlenouy, x (a ) | Vena a Prdo= AR a Pe i ee a A kL * oe oe « Sn core ol Com breation, TRE Ko ne Wee | Jormule walt ved Uv iy oF — MW as e ee L qetve ool ph Yrna, | | | | f | | | { oe te IM Oe) = 6. 095 y Eve wn (4) 6 ahs ete =. oo jn) > dn Ces = Wo eee ee RR mR RRR RRR MRD ANDANONGN= ANot = tad x = a aC IFeh) IA Strain Hoestentng g Glow RIVES True stres- Shrain cuyve aye (tes) = hoox 1+3h = Sho mk €,2 0-3 n ae Re € OF Whiwede fourle KK BS n= © =O0-R “3 . Shoe kK xB ed We FAUT QT a Te tteFone Ub Diblacment cuwe $6 Ranching [ranking ge Penetration Row = Fone E= Fra x Pe x(t) R= % Penetreton += tckned of ploe €= enn Piplacement wevvevuevvwvvvvevesv vsI OE ext Memisghertco® — Kotor? . <= aaa ge ‘ ST pre ame 2 ve J are ee * se Sev _rmetor [more pricke tuan stepper moloe) * Seve rmoters ana gbectal electromednanicad doutcer Thad Produce pase doone es 4, spokakton = A Sewo moter Go a D.C. of AL. os Wbrunles DC. omoter fombineds witha pation Zentiva dovice © Stwo motors ane alas dled Contme\ Moro ne On rey Gna Suvolued Bw (ontoolGn, A mechan’ cod ° A vdenmace vom\pud- we set Ode =ho renwo om pliffen vantde fomrol: “me Speed & Aewowmstoc | > oH wg Keno Ayxtems botw wees amd Rosstion ons nmontored , » Sewo “motors provide Accunoke, Seed rovqua and Nowe. Otay 4 Kiveckion conto) . Baste \engtn wrth Lv) Cope Mumm motor Ko ek pulse bwejenge ke table fing move Kenacg. Ss ANNs BLU oe Rey He A steps ww Bebpev motor ~~ ne ee ee mee ee Kb. bh. bo. BD: he. fh fh Ki Oo