SERVICES MARKETING

Service contributes highly to the Indian economy

However, selling an intangible product is a challenging task for

marketers and businesses. How can you sell a product that a consumer
will never own?

The most important point is organizations don’t sell products, but

experiences.
Consider the “No You are not Dreaming - - Fly Better” campaign by the
Emirates Airlines.

Organizations conduct extensive research. The campaign may not sell a

good, but it still promises consumers that they will get something,
experience they can take home with them: An experience unique with
the particular services.

What is services marketing?

Services marketing is a broad category of marketing strategies

focused on selling anything that is not a physical product. This
includes everything from personal services like medical care and spa
treatments, to the rental of vehicles and spaces, to experiences like
concerts and dance lessons. Any method that can communicate a
service’s appeal and benefits to customers is a valid approach, including
informational content, promotional deals, advertisements, and many
other kinds of marketing materials. And can consist of a wide variety of
materials, like television commercials, magazine ads, Internet ads,
billboards, and others marketing materials which can communicate the
organization’s message consistently.
Marketing Mix 7 Ps

7 Ps of marketing mix is an extended, modified version of the 4 Ps of

marketing. This model is widely used in the service industry. It adds 3
more elements to the 4 Ps discussed above.

People: This refers to the people – both your customers and

employees – who are directly related to the product or service.

While you need to study your target market to understand whether they
are in need of the type of product you are offering, you need to hire the
right people who are capable of giving their best to build it.

Process: Systems and processes play an important role in building

and delivering a quality service to your customer.

Make sure that you process is free of bottlenecks and blockers in order
to reduce the unnecessary expenses associated with executing the
service. You can use process maps to map process steps and analyze
them to identify where you need to make improvements.

Physical Evidence: Physical evidence refers to what the customers

see when consuming your product or service. This could include
your branding, packaging, the physical environment where you are
selling your product etc.

Make sure that all physical aspects associated with your product or
service adhere to its values.
 RURAL MARKETING

Rural marketing is a process of developing, pricing, promoting, and

distributing rural specific goods and services leading to desired
exchange with rural customers to satisfy their needs and wants, and
also to achieve organizational objectives.

The emergence of rural markets as highly untapped potential

emphasizes the need to explore them. Marketers over the past few
decades, with innovative approaches, have attempted to understand
and tap rural markets. Some of their efforts paid off and many markets
still an enigma. Rural marketing is an evolving concept, and as a part of
any economy, has untapped potential; marketers have realized the
opportunity recently.
Improvement in infrastructure and reach, promise a bright future for
those intending to go rural. Rural consumers are keen on branded goods
nowadays, so the market size for products and services seems to have
burgeoned.

The rural population has shown a trend of moving to a state of

gradual urbanization in terms of exposure, habits, lifestyles, and
lastly, consumption patterns of goods and services. So, there are
dangers on concentrating more on the rural customers. Reducing the
product features in order to lower prices is a dangerous game to play.
Rural buyers like to follow the urban pattern of living. Astonishingly, as
per the census report 2003-04, there are total 638365 villages in India in
which nearly 70% of total population resides; out of them 35 % villages
have more than 1000 population.

Rural per capita consumption expenditure grew by 11.5 per cent while
the urban expenditure grew by 9.6 per cent. There is a tremendous
potential for consumer durables like two-wheelers, small cars,
television sets, refrigerators, air-conditioners and household
appliances in rural India.

Concept of Rural Marketing:

The concept of Rural Marketing in India Economy has always played an

influential role in the lives of people. In India, leaving out a few
metropolitan cities, all the districts and industrial townships are
connected with rural markets. The rural market in India generates bigger
revenues in the country as the rural regions comprise of the maximum
consumers in this country. The rural market in Indian economy
generates almost more than half of the country’s income. Rural
marketing in Indian economy can be classified under two broad
categories.

i. The market for consumer goods that comprise of both durable and
non-durable goods

ii. The market for agricultural inputs that include fertilizers, pesticides,
seeds, and so on

The concept of rural marketing in India is often been found to forms

ambiguity in the mind of people who think rural marketing is all
about agricultural marketing. However, rural marketing determines the
carrying out of business activities bringing in the flow of goods from
urban sectors to the rural regions of the country as well as the marketing
of various products manufactured by the non-agricultural workers from
rural to urban areas.

To be precise, rural marketing in India Economy covers two broad

sections, namely:

i. Selling of agricultural products in the urban areas

ii. Selling of manufactured products in the rural regions

The rural market in India is not a separate entity in itself and it is

highly influenced by the sociological and behavioural factors
operating in the country. The rural population in India accounts for
around 627 million, which is exactly 74.3 percent of the total population.

Conceptually, rural marketing is not significantly different to urban

marketing. Marketing manager has to perform the same tasks, but
differently in rural marketing. It can be said that marketing is not
different, but markets (buyers and users).
In rural marketing, a firm has to undergo marketing efforts to satisfy rural
segments, which notably differ from urban segments in some aspects. At
the same time, we must note that increasing literacy rate, improved
sources of income, awareness due to improved and increased
means of communication and transportation, high rate of mobility
within and between countries due to liberalization and globalization,
and many other such reasons, some customers are likely to be identical.

‘Rural marketing’ is similar to simply ‘marketing.’ Rural marketing

differs only in terms of buyers. Here, target market consists of
customers living in rural areas. Thus, rural marketing is an application
of marketing fundamentals (concepts, principles, processes, theories,
etc.) to rural markets.

1. Rural marketing concerns with planning and implementing

marketing programmes (often referred as marketing strategies or
simply 4P’s) for rural markets to achieve marketing goals.

2. Rural marketing is a process of developing, pricing, promoting,

and distributing rural specific goods and services leading to
desired exchange with rural customers to satisfy their needs and
wants, and also to achieve organizational objectives.

3. When marketing activities are undertaken for rural segments, it is

turned as rural marketing and the management is called rural marketing
management.

4. Rural marketing is a process of planning, and executing the

conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and
services to create exchange (for rural segments) that satisfy individual
and organizational objectives.

5. Rural Marketing means to produce products (goods and services)

for the rural customers and to make necessary arrangement to
supply them.

6. Rural marketing is the marketing for the customers residing in rural

areas. It involves designing marketing programme (4P’s) to arrive at
desired exchange with the rural customers that satisfies their needs and
wants.
 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

What is International Marketing?

International marketing is the performance of business activities
that direct the flow of goods and services to consumers or users in
more than one nation.

International Marketing Definition

International marketing consists of finding and satisfying global
customer needs better than the competition, both domestic and
international and of coordinating marketing activities within the
constraints of the global environment.

Framework of International Marketing

International marketing would involve:
 Identifying needs and wants of customers in international
markets.
 Taking marketing mix decisions related to product, pricing,
distribution, and communication keeping in view the diverse
consumer and market behaviour across different countries.
 Penetrating into international markets using various modes of
entry, and
  Taking decisions in view of dynamic international marketing
environment which is highly dynamic.

The environmental challenges are beyond the control of a marketer,

the key to success in international markets lies in responding
competitively by adopting an effective marketing strategy.

Scope of International Marketing

International marketing has a broader connotation in marketing
literature. It also means entry into international markets by:

 Opening a branch/subsidiary abroad for processing,

packaging, assembly or even complete manufacturing through
direct investment.
 Negotiating licensing/franchising arrangements whereby
foreign enterprises are granted the right to use the exporting
company’s know-how. viz. patents, processes or trademarks,
with or without financial investment
  Establishing joint ventures in foreign countries for
manufacturing and/or marketing
 Offering consultancy services and undertaking turnkey
projects abroad
 Sub-contracting and countertrade and
 Importing for export production.

Difference between Domestic and International Marketing

S.N DOMESTIC MARKETING INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

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1 The activities of production, promotion, Marketing activities are undertaken across

advertising, distribution, selling and the globe.
customer satisfaction within one’s own
country.

2 There is less government influence Companies have to deal with rules and
regulations of various countries.

3 More reliance on indigenous technology. There is an advantage that the business

organizations can have access to the latest
technology of numerous countries

4 Cultural adjustment issues are less Cross cultural adjustment issues are very
challenging challenging

5 The risk factor and challenges are The risk involved and challenges in case of
S.N DOMESTIC MARKETING INTERNATIONAL MARKETING
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comparatively less in the case of domestic international marketing are very high due to
marketing. some factors like socio-cultural differences,
exchange rates, setting an international price
for the product and so on.

6 Requires less investment for acquiring Requires huge capital investment and in-
resources and involves less research due to depth research of the foreign markets
the familiarity of the market.