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    Ansi Abma 11

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    Seto Seto

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    AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Load Ratings and Fatigue Life for Roller Bearings ANSI/ABMA 11:2014 (Revision of ANSI/ABMA 11:1990) Secretariat ‘American Bearing Manufacturers Association ANSUABMA 11:2014 =—=—ALMA ABMA 2025 M Street, NW Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 Ph: 202-367-1155 Fax: 202-367-2155 E-mail: info@americanbearings.org www.americanbearings.org AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD (This is not an approved part of the standard) Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus means substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat of the sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute or online at www.ANSLorg. Published by American Bearing Manufacturers Association 2025 M Street, N.W., Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 Copyright © 2014 by American Bearing Manufacturers Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Load Ratings and Fatigue Life For SECTION rs Introduction ... 1.1. Purpose of Standard 1.2 Life Criterion 1.3 Static Load Criterion ‘Symbols Definitions 3.1 Life 32 Reliability 33° Static Load ..... 3.4 Pitch Diameter of a Roller Set, Dow 3.5. Rating Lite 3.6 Basic Rating Life, Lio 3.7 Adjusted Rating life, Loa 3.8 Basic Dynamic Radial Load Rating, C, .. 3.9 Basic Static Radial Load Rating, Co, 3.10 Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating, C, 3.11 Basic Static Axial Load Rating, Co. 3.12 Dynamic Equivalent Radial Load, P, 3.13. Static Equivalent Radial Load, Po... 3.14 Dynamic Equivalent Axial Load, P. 3.15. Static Equivalent Axial Load, Po. -... 8.16 Static Safety Factor, So .-sve.nn. 3.17 Roller Diameter, Dye 8.18 Effective Roller Length, Le 2.19 Nominal Contact Ange, 3.20 Line Contact . 3.21 Point Contact 3.22 Optimized Contact 3.23. Conventional Operating Conditions 3.24 Viscosity ratio, « 3.25 Film Parameter, A 3.26 Pressure-viscosity Coefficient 3.27, Bearing Arrangements: Paired Mounting ... 3.28 Bearing Arrangements: Back-to-back .... 3.29 Bearing Arrangements: Face-to-face 3.30 Bearing Arrangements: Tandem Scope ...... 4.1 Bearing Types 441.1. General 41.2 Basic Types. 4.1.3. Double Row . 4.2 Limitations .... 4.2.1 Truncated Contact Area 422 Materials .... 4.2.3 Bearing Types 4.2.4 Lubrication 4.2.5 Ring Support and Alignment 4.2.6 Intemal Clearance 4.2.7 High Speed Effects 4.2.8 Interference Fits 4.2.9 Residual Stress 42.10 Stress Concentrations Roller Bearings CONTENTS. PAGE rs POHHHHGGHAAAAATAE RSE DRE SREEEROOOD ONNANNNNNooaa000 4.2.11 Tolerances 4.2.12 Plastic Deformation in the Contact Area 4.3 Operating Parameters... - Radial Roller Bearings 5.1 Basic Dynamic Radial Load Rating 5.1.1 Basic Dynamic Radial Load Rating for Single Bearings ....... 5.1.2 Basic Dynamic Radial Load Rating for Bearing Combinations 5.2 Dynamic Equivalent Radial Load 5.2.1 Dynamic Equivalent Radial Load for Single Bearings - 5.2.2 Dynamic Equivalent Radial Load for Bearing Combinations, 5.3 _ Basic Rating Life 5.3.1. Life Equation 5.3.2 Loading Restriction on the Life Equation 5.4 Basic Static Radial Load Rating ....ssnsssessnnrsneenve 5.4.1 Basic Static Radial Load Rating for Single Bearings 5.4.2 Basic Static Radial Load Rating for Bearing Combinations 5.5 _ Static Equivalent Radial Load ......... - 5.5.1 Static Equivalent Radial Load for Single Bearings 5.5.2 Static Equivalent Radial Load for Bearing Combinations, Thrust Roller Bearings een nnnteeteentnenremrcneenennees 13 6.1 Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating 13 6.1.1 Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating for Single-row Bearings ..... peceeneee 13 6.1.2 Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating for Bearings with Two or More Rows of Rollers 14 61.3 Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating for Bearing Combinations 14 62 Dynamic Equivalent Axial Load ......... . coon 14 63 Basic Rating Life . <= 18 6.3.1. Life Equation ...... ; 18 63.2 Loading Restriction on the Life Equation 18 6.4 Basic Static Axial Load Rating sone 18 6.4.1 Basic Static Axial Load Rating for Single-direction and Double-direction Bearings =. 18 6.4.2 Basic Static Axial Load Rating for Bearings Mounted in a Tandem Arrangement soe 1D 65 _ Static Equivalent Axial Load 19 6.5.1 Static Equivalent Axial Load Rating for Single-direction and Double-direction Bearings ......19 6.5.2 Static Equivalent Axial Load Rating for Bearings Mounted in a Tandem Arrangement 19 Static Safety Factor Seeeeeremnneerreny moor cecesenee 19 7.4 General 19 ‘Adjusted rating Life 81 General 82 Limitations ..... 8.3 Life Adjustment Factor for Reliability, a, 8.4 Life Adjustment Factor for Special Bearing Properties, ay veers 24 85 Life Acustment Factor or Operating Conditions, a wns wat 85.1 General . 85.2 Viscosity Ratio 22 85.3 Calculation of Life Under Low Load Conditions 23 LIST OF TABLES. TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE RADIAL ROLLER BEARINGS 1 Values for fen for Radial Roller Bearings . 10 2 Values for X and Y for Radial Roller Bearings 1 3 Values for X» and Yo for Radial Roller Bearings 13 ‘THRUST ROLLER BEARINGS 4. Values offen for Tapered Roller Thrust Bearings 18 5. Values for f-» for Cylindrical Roller Thrust Bearings and Needle Roller Thrust Bearings 16 6 Values for fen for Spherical Roller Thrust Bearings Sree : 7 7 Values for X and Y for Thrust Roller Bearings a recone 18 8 Guideline Values of the Static Safety Factor S, for Roller r Bearings eoenesn cssesnenee 20 9 Life Adjustment Factor for Reliability, ay... tinininienennnnenenssnine 24 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. TILE PAGE 1 Reference Kinematic Viscosity, v. .. 23 Load Ratings and Fatigue Life for Roller Bearings 4. INTRODUCTION 1.4 Purpose of Standard Roller bearing performance is a function of many variables. These include the bearing design, the characteristics of the material from which the bearings are made, the way in which they are manufactured, ‘as well as many variables associated with their application. The only sure way to establish the satisfactory ‘operation of a bearing selected for a specific application is by actual performance in the application. As this is often impractical, another basis is required to estimate the suitablity of a particular bearing for a given application, This is the purpose of this standard. This standard specifies the method of calculating the basic dynamic load rating of rolling bearings within the size ranges shown in the relevant ANSVABMA standards, manufactured from contemporary, commonly used, good quality hardened bearing steel in accordance with good manufacturing practice and basically of conventional design as regards the shape of rolling contact surfaces. This standard also specifies the method of calculating the basic rating life, which is the life associated with 90% reliabilty, with commonly used high quality material, good manufacturing quality and with conventional operating conditions. In adcition, it specifies the method of calculating adjusted rating life, in which various reliabilities, special bearing properties and specific operating conditions are taken into account by means of life adjustment factors. Furthermore, this standard specifies the method of calculating the basic static load rating and the static ‘equivalent load for roller bearings within the size ranges shown in the relevant ANSV/ABMA Standards, manufactured from good quality hardened bearing steel, in accordance with good manufacturing practice ‘and basically of conventional design as regards the shape of rolling contact surfaces. 1.2 Life Criterion Even if roller bearings are properly mounted, adequately lubricated, protected from foreign matter, and are not subjected to extreme operating conditions, they can ultimately fatigue. Under ideal conditions, the repeated stresses developed in the contact areas between the roller and the raceways eventually can result in fatigue of the material which manifests itself as spalling of the load carrying surfaces. In most applications the fatigue life is the maximum useful life of a bearing. This fatigue is the criterion of lfe used as the basis for the first part of this standard. Fatigue life calculated in accordance with this standard does not represent the maximum that can be attained by applying all known technology to roller bearing design and application. Neither does it represent the minimum that should be expected of a bearing made by a producer lacking skill and experience in the design and manufacture of roller bearings, even though the bearing meets the geometric parameters given below. The calculated fatigue life represents the performance normally expected from high quaity bearings made by reputable manufacturers. Manufacturers can supply longer lived bearings by the application of advanced materials and manufacturing processes. The present standard has evolved as a means for bearing users to specify a reasonable standard of performance for the bearing they wish to purchase. 1.3 Static Load Criterion AA static load is a load acting on a non-rotating bearing. Permanent deformations appear in rollers and raceways under a static load of moderate magnitude and increase gradually with increasing load. It is often impractical to establish whether the deformations appearing in a bearing in a specific application are permissible by testing the bearing in that application. Other methods are therefore required to establish the suitability of the bearing selected. Experience shows that a total permanent deformation of 0.0001 of the rolling element diameter, at the center of the most heavily loaded roller/raceway contact, can be tolerated in most bearing applications. without the subsequent bearing operation being impaired. The basic static load rating is, therefore, given a magnitude such that approximately this deformation occurs when the static equivalent load is equal to the toad rating. Tests indicate that a load of the magnitude in question may be considered to correspond to a calculated contact stress of; 4,000 MPa (580,000 psi) for all roller bearings at the center of the most heavily loaded rolling elementiraceway contact. The formulae and factors for the calculation of the basic static load ratings are based on these contact stresses. ‘The permissible static equivalent load may be smaller than, equal to or greater than the basic static load rating, depending on the requirements for smoothness of operation and friction, as well as on actual contact surface geometry. Bearing users without previous experience of these conditions should consult the bearing manufacturers. 2. SYMBOLS a; life adjustment factor for reliability ‘a _lfe adjustment factor for special bearing properties a3 life adjustment factor for operating conditions Cy basic dynamic axial load rating, in newtons (pounds) C, basic dynamic radial load rating, in newtons (pounds) Coq basic static axial load rating, in newtons (pounds) Co, basic static radial load rating, in newtons (pounds) Dew pitch diameter of roller set, in millimeters (inches) Dye roller diameter applicable in the calculation of load ratings, in millimeters (inches) limiting value of F,/F, for the applicability of different values of factors X and Y F, bearing axial load (axial component of the actual bearing load), in newtons (pounds) F, bearing radial load (radial component of the actual bearing load), in newtons (pounds) fx factor which depends on the geometry of the bearing components, the accuracy to which the various components are made, and the material i number of rows of rollers Loa adjusted rating lie, in million revolutions Loe effective roller length applicable in the calculation of load ratings, in millimeters (inches) Lio basic rating life, in milion revolutions n speed of rotation, in revolutions per minute 1 subscript for probability of failure, in percent P, dynamic equivalent axial load, in newtons (pounds) P, dynamic equivalent radial load, in newtons (pounds) Po, static equivalent axial load, in newtons (pounds) Po, static equivalent radial load, in newtons (pounds) S) static safety factor X dynamic radial load factor Xo static radial load factor Y dynamic axial load factor Yo static axial load factor Z number of roling elements in a single-row bearing; number of rolling elements per row of a mult-row bearing with the same number of rolling elements per row @ nominal contact angle, in degrees k viscosity ratio, v/v, A film parameter vy actual_kinematic viscosity at the operating temperature, in square millimeters per second (centiStokes) v, reference kinematic viscosity, required to obtain adequate lubrication condition, in square millimeters per second (centiStokes) 3. DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Standard, the definitions given in ANSVABMAVISO Standard 5593 together with the following apply. 31 Life For an individual rolling bearing, the number of revolutions which one of the bearing rings (or washers) makes in relation to the other ring (or washer) before the first evidence of fatigue develops in the material of ‘one of the rings (or washers) or one of the rolling elements. NOTE: Life may also be expressed in number of hours of operation at a given constant speed of rotation, 3.2 Reliability (in the context of bearing life) For a group of apparently identical rolling bearings, operating under the same conditions, the percentage of the group that is expected to attain or exceed a specified life. NOTE: The reliability of an individual rolling bearing is the probability that the bearing will attain or exceed a specified lite. 3.3. Static Load ‘The load acting on a bearing when the speed of rotation of its rings in relation to each other is zero. 3.4 Pitch Diameter of a Roller Set, Dow ‘The diameter of the circle intersecting the roller axes at the middle of the rollers in one row in a bearing. 3.5 Rating Life ‘The predicted value of life based on a basic dynamic radial load rating or a basic dynamic axial load rating. 3.6 Basic Rating Life, Lio The time at which 10% of a bearing population operating under the same conditions will have failed and ‘90% will have survived. The life is associated with a 10% probability of failure by the time calculated. 3.7 Adjusted Rating Life, Low The rating life obtained by adjustment of the basic rating life for a desired reliability level, and/or special bearing properties, and/or specific operating conditions. 3.8 Basic Dynamic Radial Load Rating, C, ‘That constant stationary radial load which a rolling bearing can theoretically endure for a basic rating life of one million revolutions. 3.9 Basic Static Radial Load Rating, Co. Static radial load which corresponds to a calculated contact stress at the center of the most heavily loaded rolling element/raceway contact of 4,000 MPa (580,000 psi NOTE: For this contact stress, under static load, a total permanent deformation of rolling element and raceway occurs which is approximately 0.0001 of the rolling element diameter. 3.10 Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating, C, ‘That constant centric axial load which a rolling bearing can theoretically endure for a basic rating life of ‘one million revolutions. 3.11 Basic Static Axial Load Rating, Cos Static centric axial load which corresponds to a calculated contact stress at the center of the most heavily loaded rolling elementiraceway contact of 4,000 MPa (580,000 psi) for thrust roller bearings. NOTE: For this contact stress, under static load, a total permanent deformation of roling element and raceway occurs which is approximately 0.0001 of the rolling element diameter. 3.12 Dynamic Equivalent Radial Load, P, That constant stationary radial load under the influence of which a rolling bearing should have the same life as it would attain under the actual load conditions. 3.13 Static Equivalent Radial Load, Po, Static radial load which should cause the same contact stress at the center of the most heavily loaded rolling elementraceway contact as that which occurs under the actual load conditions. 3.14 Dynamic Equivalent Axial Load, P, That constant centric axial load under the influence of which a rolling bearing should have the same life a it would attain under the actual load conditions. 3.15 Static Equivalent Axial Load, Po. Static centric axial load which should cause the same contact stress at the center of the most heavily loaded rolling elementiraceway contact as that which occurs under the actual load conditions. 3.16 Static Safety Factor, So Ratio between the basic static load rating and the static equivalent load, giving a margin of safety against inadmissible permanent deformation on rolling elements and raceways. 3.17 Roller Diameter Applicable in the Calculation of Load Ratings, Dye ‘Theoretical diameter in a radial plane through the middle of the roller length for a symmetrical roller. NOTE: For a tapered roller this is equal to the mean value of the diameters at the imaginary sharp comers at the large end and at the small end of the roller. For an asymmetrical convex roller, the applicable diameter is an approximation of the diameter at the point of contact between the roller and the ribless raceway at zero load. 3.18 Effective Roller Length Applicable in the Calculation of Load Ratings, Lwe The theoretical maximum length of contact between a roller and that raceway where the contact is shortest. NOTE: This is normally taken to be either the distance between the theoretically sharp corners of the roller minus the roller chamfers, or the raceway width excluding the grinding undercuts, whichever is the ‘smaller. 3.19 Nominal Contact Angle, « ‘The angle between a plane perpendicular to a bearing axis (a radial plane) and the nominal line of action of the resultant of the forces transmitted by a bearing ring or washer to a rolling element. NOTE: For bearings with asymmetrical rollers, the nominal contact angle is determined by the contact with the non-ribbed raceway. 3.20 Line Contact Line contact refers to rollers and raceways so formed that under no load and when in good alignment they contact along the full length of their basic form. 3.21 Point Contact Point contact refers to rollers and raceways so formed that under no load and when in good alignment they contact at a point located approximately at the middle of the rollers. 3.22 Optimized Contact Optimized contact refers to such design of the basic form of the rollers and/or ring raceways that under a bearing load somewhere in the range of 25% to 50% of the basic dynamic radial load rating C,, the material stress is substantially uniform along the entire effective length of the contact at the most heavily loaded roller. Ideally, roller bearings are designed to approach optimized contact. 3.23 Conventional Operating Conditions Conditions which may be assumed to prevail for a bearing which is properly mounted and protected from foreign matter, adequately lubricated, conventionally loaded, not exposed to extreme temperature and not run at exceptionally low or high speed. 3.24 Viscosity Ratio, « Actual kinematic oil viscosity at operating temperature divided by the reference kinematic viscosity for adequate lubrication. 3.25 Film Parameter, A Ratio of lubricant film thickness to composite r.m.s surface roughness, used to estimate the influence of lubrication on bearing life. 3.26 Pressure-viscosity Coefficient Parameter characterizing the influence of oil pressure on the cil viscosity in the rolling element contact. 3.27 Bearing Arrangements: Paired Mounting Arrangement of two rolling bearings mounted side-by-side on the same shaft such that they operate as a Unit, mounted back-to-back, face-to-face or tandem, 3.28 Bearing Arrangements: Back-to-back Arrangement of two roling bearings mounted side-by-side with the back faces ofthe outer rings adjacent. 3.29 Bearing Arrangements: Face-to-face Arrangement of two rolling bearings mounted side-by-side with the front faces of the outer rings adjacent 3.30 Bearing Arrangements: Tandem Arrangement of two or more rolling bearings mounted side-by-side with the back face of the outer ring of ‘one bearing adjacent to the front face of the outer ring of the next bearing, 4. SCOPE 4.1 Bearing Types 41.1 General Roller bearings covered by this standard are presumed to be within the size ranges shown in the relevant ANSVABMA dimensional standards, manufactured from contemporary, commonly used, good quality hardened bearing steel in accordance with good manufacturing practice and basically of conventional design as regards the shape of roliing contact surfaces. Since small differences in relative shape of contacting surfaces may account for distinct differences in load carrying ability, this standard does not attempt to cover all design variations, rather it applies to basic roller bearing designs. 4.1.2. Basic Types This standard applies to cylindrical, spherical, and tapered roller bearings, selt-aligning radial roller bearings and to needle roller bearings. 4.1.3 Double Row Double row radial roller bearings and double direction thrust roller bearings, as specified by this standard, are presumed to be symmetrical. 4.2 Limitations 4.2.1 Truncated Contact Area This standard may not be safely applied to roller bearings subjected to loading which causes the contact area of the roller with the raceway to be truncated by the edge of the raceway or roller. This limitation depends strongly on details of bearing design which are not standardized. 4.22 Materials This standard applies to roller bearings made from hardened, good quality bearing steel. While a complete metallurgical description is beyond the scope of this standard, typical cleanliness and material ‘composition specifications for bearing quality steel are given in ASTM A295/A295M and A485 for through hardening steels, and in ASTM A534 for carburizing steels. Typical hardness levels range from HRC 58 to 65 for bearing rings, washers and rollers. 4.2.3 Bearing Types The fon factors specified in basic load rating formulae are valid only for those roller bearing configurations specified in section 4.1 above. This standard is not applicable to designs where the rolling elements operate directly on a shaft or housing surface, unless that surface is equivalent in all respects to the beating ring (or washer) raceway it replaces. 4.2.4 Lubrication Basic rating life calculated according to this standard is based on the assumption that the bearing is adequately lubricated. Determination of adequate lubrication depends upon the bearing application. An adequate amount of an appropriate type of lubricant is essential to achieving expected performance. The lubricant must be free of excessive contaminants and of a viscosity level that will provide a film thickness ‘somewhat greater than the rolling contact surfaces’ composite roughness at the operating temperature (A> 4), 4.2.5 Ring Support and Alignment Basic rating life calculated according to this standard assumes that the bearing inner and outer rings are rigidly supported, and that the inner and outer ring axes are properly aligned. Bearing rings (or washers) must be mounted so that any deformation of rings as a result of mounting compliance is small compared to ‘contact deformation under the applied load 4.26 Internal Clearance Radial roller bearing basic rating life calculated according to this standard is based on the assumption that only a nominal internal clearance occurs in the mounted bearing at operating speed, load and temperature. Internal clearance may be needed to account for effects of interference fits and thermal gradients; however, excessive clearance will reduce life. Negative clearance will also decrease life and increase friction. Excessive negative clearance may lead to bearing seizure. 4.2.7 High Speed Effects Basic rating life calculated according to this standard does not account for high speed effects such as roller centrifugal forces and gyroscopic moments. These effects tend to diminish fatigue life. Analytical evaluation of these effects frequently requires the use of high speed digital computation devices and hence, cannot be included herein. 4.28 Interference Fits Interference fits between the shaft and bearing bore, and centrifugal effects of high-speed operation will introduce a tensile hoop stress in the bearing inner ring. This tensile stress reduces bearing life. In addition, a high tensile stress can lead to catastrophic failure by fracture of the race. 4.2.9 Residual Stress Compressive residual stress that extends into the zone of maximum shear stress will reduce the effective shearing stress beneath the contacting surfaces of the bearing race. This reduced stress can extend bearing life, especially at light load. Compressive residual stress will counter the negative effect of tensile stress and reduce the risk of race fracture. Compressive residual stress can be introduced by use of case- hardened steel or by mechanically cold working the bearing race. 4.2.10 Stress Concentrations ‘A roller bearing must be expected to have a basic load rating less than that obtained using a value of fon taken from Tables 1, 4, 5, or 6 if, under load, a stress concentration is present in some part of the roller/raceway contact. Such stress concentrations occur in the center of nominal point contacts, at the Contact extremities for line contacts and at inadequately biended junctions of a rolling surface profile. Stress concentrations can also occur if the rollers are not accurately guided such as in bearings without cages and bearings not having rigid integral flanges. Values of fn given in Tables 1, 4, 5 and 6 are based upon bearings manufactured to achieve optimized contact 4.2.11 Tolerances This standard applies to cylindrical and spherical radial roller bearings and self-aligning radial roller bearings made to RBEC 1 level of precision or better commensurate with ANSVABMA Standard 20, to tapered roller radial bearings covered by ANSVABMA Standards19.1 and 19.2, to needle roller radial bearings covered by ANSVABMA Standards18.1 and 18.2, to needle roller thrust bearings covered by ANSV/ABMA Standards 21.1 and 21.2, to tapered roller thrust bearings covered by ANSVABMA Standard 23.2, and to cylindrical and spherical roller thrust bearings covered by ANSVABMA Standards 24.1 and 24.2 4.2.12 Pl It P,> 0.5C,, then plastic deformation may occur in the contact area. The user should consult the bearing manufacturer for recommendations and evaluation of equivalent load and life. tic Deformation in the Contact Area. 4.3. Operating Parameters. Calculations according to this standard do not yield satisfactory results for bearings subjected to such application conditions which cause deviations from a normal load distribution in the bearing, for example misalignment, housing or shaft deflection, rolling element centrifugal forces or other high speed effects, and preload or extra large clearance in radial bearings. Where there is reason to assume that such conditions prevail, the user should consult the bearing manufacturer for recommendations and evaluation of equivalent load and lif 5. RADIAL ROLLER BEARINGS 5.1 Basic Dynamic Radial Load Rating 5.1.1 Basic Dynamic Radial Load Rating for Single Bearings The basic dynamic radial load rating for a radial roller bearing is given by C, =fom (iL we cosa)” 244 DEQ?” Values of fen are obtained from the appropriate column of Table 1. These values are only applicable to roller bearings in which, under a bearing load, the contact stress is substantially uniform along the most heavily loaded roller/raceway contact. ‘Smaller values of fon than those given in Table 1 should be used if, under load, an accentuated stress concentration is present in some part of the rolleriraceway contact. Such stress concentrations are to be ‘expected, at the center of nominal point contacts and at the extremities of line contacts, in bearings where the rollers are not accurately guided and in bearings having rollers longer than 2.5 times their diameter. 5.1.2 Basic Dynamic Radial Load Rating for Bearing Combinations 5.1.2.1 Back-to-back and Face-to-face Arrangements When calculating the basic dynamic radial load rating for two similar single-row radial roller bearings mounted side by side on the same shaft, such that they operate as a unit (paired mounting), in a back-to- back or a face-to-face arrangement, the pair is considered as one double-row bearing, 5.1.2.2. Independently Replaceable Bearings in Back-to-back and Face-to-face Arrangements If, for some technical reason, the bearing arrangement is regarded as two bearings which are replaceable independently of each other, then 5.1.2.1 does not apply. 5.1.2.3. Tandem Arrangement The basic dynamic racial load rating for two or more similar single-row radial roller bearings mounted side by side on the same shaft, such that they operate as a unit (paired or stack mounting) in tandem arrangement, properly manufactured and mounted for equal load distribution, is the number of bearings to the power of 7/9, times the rating of one single-row bearing 5.1.2.4 Independently Replaceable Bearings in Tandem Arrangement It, for some technical reason, the bearing arrangement is regarded as a number of single row bearings which are replaceable independently of each other, then 5.1.2.3 does not apply. TABLE 1. Values for fm for Radial Roller Bearings Use to obtain ©; in newton’ when Das Dy ard Le t are given in millimeters. 1. Use to obtain ©; in pounds when Dus Dye and Lue ‘are given in inches. yin Rote Dygcosa!? erccier | Drawn Cx Oran cosa! | | . 0p Dygcosa!? i Sohail Spherical Doe Benge and | Meade ater | pole Bostnge gla Rr | nor Bosings Bewrngs th aching Rings oat 37310 3200 wai 68 3a oe 66.880 60300 69.920 5463 eae os 73180 66500 sears ans een oe at 70700 21.05 ease 305 os a1510 74300 a5ais 288 yes? 006 24590 76900 22.45 6900 7045 oor 87120 75200 81.080 a6 189 ooo f0210 81100 83.265 fear £200 O08 51.080 82800 95.200 7440 e558 a0 $2620 84200 96.000 7585 8700 ont 93890 #5300 98.085 est 7085 e014 ore $5000 86.400 99.260 8529 7768 e027 ors e581 7.100 10 6 609 ras 8000 ote 36.470 87700 100.55 088 7380 ose os 57.020 88200 101.480 ane 7925 sia or6 97350 29.500 101.775 e747 7982 ova a7 s7370 88700 102008 e767 7570 sree 018 57680 83.00 a2.120 a 739 3176 018 57680 88.800 02.120 e778 7379 a7 020 57570 88 700 42.008, e767 7370 168 021 97350 28500 101.775 e747 798 ons oze 57.020 88.200 101.480 ee 7925 sii 023 96580 87800 joas70 e678 7389 $078 oat 96250 87500 100.628 ees a8 sou! 025 95590 86900 9.985 8589 7a08 5080 026 95040 6.400 99.960 2509 7763 e027 oar 94.390 85800 s2.670 2400 7709 8955 023 837200 85.200 37.980 Siar 7088 8000 023 $2840 84400 97.060 e342 7584 erat 030 82070 83700 96.255 ers eat soo 021 91.300 23.000 95.450 e204 7488 8577 oa 80420 82200 94500 8125 7388 e404 033 #9490 81300 83.495 8008 7308 aot O34 83.400 s0400 2480 sous je 208 os 7480 73500 31.405 jes? ae fai 06 86.460 73600 90.290 7768 7082 erat oa? #5280 71800 somo 7089 are sore 038 24370 76700 8.205 7580 e201 928 039 83270 75700 87085 Fag 202 faze oa0 £2000 74800 85.790 78 6703 7708 oat 20980 73900 24.640 re eox3 7605 oa 19750 72500 e375 Tres era 743% os 73540 7400 e2ii0 os? ei ia oat 7300 70300 20s doe e168 7288 os Tei 33.200 79580 240 eis ist os 74910 68100 7aa1s erat e119 70a oar 7370 7000 77050 6022 6020 e229 oa ja380 65800 6% 8509 Soi2 £709 O49 Th080 64800 74290 ro 5204 6678 030 63880 63500 7302s e276 5705 e581 ii Dwecoss Values of fo or intermediate values of. pw ate obtained by linear interpolation. 10 5.2 Dynamic Equivalent Radial Load 5.2.1. Dynamic Equivalent Radial Load for Single Bearings The dynamic equivalent radial load for radial roller bearings with a # 0°, under constant radial and axial loads, is given by XFe+YFe Values of X and Y are given in Table 2. The dynamic equivalent radial load for radial roller bearings with a = O°and subjected to radial load only, is given by P, NOTE: The abilty of radial roller bearings with a= 0° to support axial loads varies considerably with bearing design and execution. The bearing user should therefore consult the bearing manufacturer for recommendations regarding the evaluation of equivalent load and life in cases where bearings with a= 0° are subjected to axial load. ‘TABLE 2. Values for X and Y for Radial Roller Beari Fa Fa Face fase e Bearing Type Fr Fr x] ¥ |x| ¥ Singlerow,a#0" | 1 0 [04] O4ccta | 15tana Double-row,aro” | 1 | o4scota | 067 | 067 cota | 1.5 tana 5.22 — Dynamic Equivalent Radial Load for Bearing Combinations 5.2.2.1 Back-to-back and Face-to-face Arrangements of Single-row Angular Contact Roller Bearings When calculating the equivalent radial load for two similar single-row angular contact roller bearings mounted side by side on the same shaft, such that they operate as a unit (paired mounting) in a back-to- back or a face-to-face arrangement, and which, according to 5.1.2.1, is considered as one double-row bearing, the values of X and Y for double-row bearings given in Table 2 shall be used. 5.2.2.2 Tandem Arrangement When calculating the equivalent radial load for two or more similar single-row angular contact roller bearings mounted side by side on the same shaft, such that they operate as a unit (paired or stack mounting) in a tandem arrangement, the values of X and Y for a single-row beating given in Table 2 shall be used, 5.3 Basic Rating Life 5.3.1. Life Equation The basic rating life for a radial roller bearing is given by the life equation: yor ‘The values of C, and P, are calculated in accordance with 5.1 and 5.2, "1 This life equation is also used for the evaluation of the life of two or more single-row bearings operating as a unit, as referred to in 5.1.2. In this case, the load rating C, is calculated for the complete bearing arrangement and the equivalent load P, is calculated for the total loads acting on the arrangement, using the values of X and Y indicated in 5.2.2. 5.3.2 Loading Restriction on the Life Equation The life equation gives satisfactory results for a broad range of bearing loads. However, extra-heavy loads may cause accentuated stress concentrations in some part of the roller/raceway contacts. The user should therefore consult the bearing manufacturer to establish the applicability of the life equation in cases where P, exceeds 0.5 C,, Very light loads may cause different failure modes to occur such as adhesive wear due to roller skidding. ‘These failure modes are not covered by this standard, 5.4 Basic Static Radial Load Rating 5.4.1 Basic Static Radial Load Rating for Single Bearings ‘The basic static radial load rating for radial roller bearings is given by the following equations: To obtain Co, in newtons when Dye, Dpw and Lye are given in millimeters; Oy, = 441 Dun0080) 21, Dye Cosa Bw) To obtain Cyn pounds when Dye, Dy ad Lag are given in inches: Coy = 643 Puoeet 21, Dye Cosa. Dim 5.4.2 Basic Static Radial Load Rating for Bearing Combinations 5.4.2.1 Back-to-back and Face-to-face Arrangements ‘The basic static radial load rating for two similar single-row roller bearings mounted side by side on the same shaft, such that they operate as a unit (paired mounting) in a back-to-back or a face-to- face arrangement, is twice the basic static radial load rating of one single-row bearing. 5.4.2.2 Tandem Arrangement ‘The basic static radial load rating for two or more similar single-row radial roller bearings mounted side by side on the same shaft, such that they operate as a unit (paired or stack mounting) in a tandem arrangement, properly manufactured and mounted for equal load distribution, is the number of bearings multiplied by the basic static radial load rating of one single-row bearing, 5.5 Static Equivalent Radial Load 5.5.1 Static Equivalent Radial Load for Single Bearings The static equivalent radial load for radial roller bearings with a # 0°, is the greater of the two values given by the equations: Po. =XoF; + YoFs Po =F, where the values of factors Xo and Yo are given in Table 3, 12 TABLE 3. Values for Factors Xo and Y, for Radial Roller Bearings with a # 0° Bearing Type % Yo Singie-ow 05 | 022co0 Double-row 1 | 044 cota The static equivalent radial load for radial roller bearings with a= given by the equation: ), and subjected to radial load only, is Por= Fr NOTE: The ability of radial roller bearings with a = 0° to support axial loads varies considerably with the design and execution of the bearing. The bearing user should therefore consult the bearing manufacturer for recommendations regarding the evaluation of equivalent load in cases where bearings with a= 0° are subjected to axial load. 5.5.2 Static Equivalent Radial Load for Bearing Combinations 5.5.21 Back-to-back and Face-to-face Arrangements of Single-row Angular Contact Roller Bearings When calculating the static equivalent radial load for two similar single-row angular contact roller bearings mounted side by side on the same shaft, such that they operate as a unit (paired mounting) in a back-to-back or a face-to-face arrangement, the Xo and Yo values for a double-row bearing and the F; and F, values for the total loads on the arrangement shall be used. 5.5.2.2 Tandem Arrangement When calculating the static equivalent radial load for two or more similar single-row angular contact roller bearings mounted side by side on the same shaft, such that they operate as a unit (paired or stack mounting) in a tandem arrangement, the Xo and Yo values for a single-row bearing and the F, and F, values for the total loads on the arrangement shall be used. 6. THRUST ROLLER BEARINGS 6.1 Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating 6.1.1 Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating for Single-row Bearings A thrust roller bearing is considered as a single-row bearing only if all rollers carrying load in the same direction contact the same washer raceway area. The basic dynamic axial load rating for single-row, single-direction or double-direction thrust roller bearings is given by for a=90°: Cy =fom LZ 244 D242” for «290°: Cy =fom(Lwe Cosa)” 2% D2?” tana. where Z is the number of rollers carrying load in one direction. If several rollers, on the same side of the bearing axis, are located with their axes coinciding, these rollers are considered as one roller with a length Ly. equal to the sum of the lengths, as defined in 3.18, of the several rollers. 13 Values of fon are given in Tables 4, 5 and 6. These values are only applicable to roller bearings in which, under a bearing load, the contact stress is substantially uniform along the most heavily loaded roller/raceway contact. ‘Smaller values of fon than those given in Tables 4, 5 and 6 should be used if, under load, an accentuated stress concentration is present in some part of the roller/raceway contact. Such stress concentrations are to bbe expected, at the center of nominal point contacts and at the extremities of line contacts, in bearings where the rollers are not accurately guided and in bearings having rollers longer than 2.5 times their diameter. ‘Smaller values of fon should also be considered for thrust roller bearings in which the geometry causes ‘excessive slip in the roller/raceway contact areas, for example bearings with cylindrical rollers which are tong in relation to the pitch diameter of the roller set. 6.1.2 Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating for Bearings with Two or More Rows of Rollers. The basic dynamic axial load rating for thrust roller bearings with two or more rows of similar rollers carrying load in the same direction is given by ya yey “Gr | (Zz) +O ry The load ratings Cys, Caz, - » Can for the rows with Z;, Ze, ..., Zp ollers of lengths Lyor, Lyo2s--s Lens AF calculated from the appropriate single-row bearing equation given in 6.1.1 Cy =(Z be +22 Linge +--+ Zp Len )*} Rollers and/or portions of rollers which contact the same washer raceway area belong to one row. 6.1.3 Basic Dynamic Axial Load Rating for Bearing Combinations 6.1.3.1 Tandem Arrangement The basic dynamic axial load rating for two or more similar single-cirection thrust roller bearings mounted side by side on the same shaft, such that they operate as a unit (paired or stack mounting) in tandem arrangement, properly manufactured and mounted for equal load distribution, is the number of, bearings to the power of 7/9, multiplied by the basic dynamic axial load rating of one bearing. 6.1.3.2 _ Independently Replaceable Bearings If, for some technical reason, the bearing arrangement is regarded as a number of single-direction bearings which are replaceable independently of each other, then 6.1.3.1 does not apply. 62 — Dynamic Equivalent Axial Load ‘The dynamic equivalent axial load for thrust roller bearings with a # 90°, under constant radial and axial loads, is given by Pa=XFr+Y Fa where values of X and Y are given in Table 7. ‘Thrust roller bearings with a= 90° can support axial loads only. The dynamic equivalent axial load for this type of bearing is given by Pa=Fa 14 TABLE 4. Values for fem for Tapered Roller Thrust Bi rings ‘Use to obtain C, in newions when Drs, Dow and Ly, are ‘Use To obtain G, In pounds When Dm, Dw and Uw are given en emia inchos cea (con eee 7 oa ae ee my Dw [asso] os De [exon] om» lansorax 650°! dor} 18a] oor) Te0eT | T7aT | TieTe| | oor] tooo | oor | ToseR | ToB6s | To4e0 Gos | 135 19| coe | iaose | tari7 | 12590 | | O02 | t2ie7 | 002 | testo | 12a0e | raise Sos | iaras| cos | issas | tae | 14773| | O09 | taert | O03 | tree | 13430 | toast Gos | ter74| oot | te319 | 12917 | toros | | oo | tei4o | O0s | 14089 | 14278 | 14000 Ges | tesrr| os | wore | toss | texse| | Gos | taro | O0s | teers | taoe0 | raver 0s | 17289] 006 | 17699) 17270 | 17030| | 008 | 15481 | 0.06 | 15876 | 15401 | 15084 Gor | izeee| oor | ieete| tr76| i7538| | oor | tooo | O07 | tos40 | 1304s | ts700 Goa | tesse| ooo | ieeas | 1az08 | 17e82| | O00 | texoe | 0.08 | to705 | 12200 | to108 Soo | isee7| 08 | ieo08 | 18857 | tesco | | O09 | teo4a | O08 | 17080 | tesae | rate O10 | iss2r| 00 | ies0s | tas. | tese0 | | O10 | 1796 | O10 | trs17 | teore | teo78 or | as7as| ott | 19858) 19006 | 18092] | 011 | azz | ort | 17544 | 17120 | t5800 G12 | 20130] oz | terer| toes | 19030 | | ote | weosr | O12 | 17701 | 17007 | 17070 O13 | 20gs| ots | ieozi | 1o¢ae | teras| | ota | tase | ots | treo | 1744s | 17208 Ota | c003¢| ot | 20080) tases | teaos | | ote | tases | ote | trees | 17380 | trot7 ots |arrss| ots | ore | tases | teces | | ots | taere | ots | toes | 176ee | 7306 ore | erger| or | 20207| 19728} — | | ore | 19251) o16 | r8126 | 17092 | — O17 |errar| oar | eceso | torse| — || ote | tasor| O17 | teres | trai | — O18 | 22033| ote | aoest | terer| — | | ot | tore | ote | teres | irri | — G19 | eezar| ots | aceao| torse| — || 019 | 20000 | O18 | tess | trai | — 20 | 2e580| 020 | zocor| tar2s| — | | O20 | aozer | O20 | te126 | 17082 | — oz | 227s2| o21 |aorse) — | — || oar | zoeee) o2t | rao) — | — ze | 20034| oze | aoe) — | — || oae | z000| o2e | reo) — | — ozo | eszes| ozs |isess| — | — || oas | g000o| ozo | tree) — | — ae | aseas| ozs |iseso| — | — || oa | arose) ozs | tre) — | — 2s |asess| ozs |ierze| — | — || oa | arse) ozs |tma| — | 026 | 23003] 026 | 10687] — | — | | o2s | arse] o26 | ree) — | — oa |aaror| oar || — | = || oa | ster] oa || = | = 62s |ozes| oz | — | — | — || oa laine) ow | — | — | 620 |ousr| oz | — | — | — || oa | arm) ov | — | — | a 20 |evere| oso | — | — | — | | oa | ere) oa | — | — | = * Values of fn fr intermesdate values of 282 * Applicable for 45° and =e Sn en emia inchos oui ae ees oa ae ee my Dw [asso] os De [exon] om» lansorax 650°! dor} W054] oar) 1087 | Tort] woEe-| | oor} wasa oor} 940] e807 | BaTe Gos | i220 | coe | tora | t247 | 1280 | | O02 | tro | 002 | trase | tries | 1100 Gos | toes | cos | i308 | 1362 | toes | | O09 | ta0ss | O03 | tasta | t22t7 | teow Gos | i4s4 | oot | ies | tae7 | t4ea | | O04 | t2a0a | O04 | to008 | 12900 | tas09 Ges | is07 | oo | iss2 | ts1s | 1404 | | Gos | taste | O08 | toset | 13500 | rast oo | 1569 | 006 | 1609 | 1570 | 1549 | | 006 | 14074 | 0.06 | 14430 | 1408s | 13508 Gor | tees | oor | ese | tere | isa | | oor | taser | O07 | tease | ta4oe | taose Goa | te72 | oo | tess | toss | tes2 | | O00 | rave | 0.08 | tsa0e | 14046 | ras00 Sos | iz | oo | ies | te87 | i664 | | O09 | te and Le oven oon inline inches cea (con eee . cea coe |e my Dw fazaor] [ansora=es%a Dm faxoor| °~ |a=sor%a= 65° fa= 60"! G01 [121.210] 0.01 | 126.185) 128.165| 127.440] | 001 | 10873 | O01 | 11316 | 11048 | 10803 0.02 |141.335| 0.02 | 146.970| 143.405] 141.450 | 0.02 | 12678 | 0.02 | 13183 | 12863 | 12688 0.03 |154675| 0.03 | 160.425| 156.630| 154.445] | 0.03 | 13874 | 0.03 | 14300 | 14050 | 13854 0.04 |164.910| 0.04 | 170.545| 166.405 | 164.220| | 0.04 | 14792 | 0.04 | 15298 | 14927 | 14731 0.05 |173.905| 0.05 | 178.480| 174.225] 171.810] | 0.05 | 15545 | 0.05 | 16010 | 15628 | 15411 0.06 |180.435| 0.06 | 185.035] 180.550|178.135| | 0.06 | 16185 | 0.06 | 16598 | 16195 | 15979 0.07 |186.760| 0.97 | 190.440| 185.840|183.310| | 0.07 | 16752 | 0.07 | 17082 | 16670 | 16443, 0.08 |192.280| 0.08 | 194.925] 190.325] 187.680] | 0.08 | 17248 | 0.08 | 17485 | 17072 | 16895 0.09 |197.455| 0.09 | 198:720| 194.005] 191.360] | 0.09 | 17712 | 0.09 | 17825 | 17402 | 17165 0.10 |202.055| 0.10 |201.825/197.110| 194.360] | 0.10 | 18124 | 0.10 | 18104 | 17681 | 17433, 0.11 |206.425| 0.11 |204.470| 199.640 196.880] | 0.11 | 18516 | 0.11 | 18341 | 17908 | 17660 0.12 |210.450| 0.12 | 206.655] 201.710| 198.950] | 0.12 | 18877| 0.12 | 18537 | 18093 | 17846 0.13 |214.245| 0.13 | 208.265) 203.320|200.560| | 0.13 | 19218 | 0.13 | 18681 | 18238 | 17990 0.14 |217.810| 0.14 | 209.645| 204.585|201.825| | 0.14 | 19598 | 0.14 | 18774 | 18351 | 18104 0.18 |221.145| 0.15 | 210.565| 205.620|202.745| | 0.15 | 19837 | 0.15 | tages | 18444 | 18186 0.16 |224.965| 0.16 |211,255| 206.195 0.17 |207.955| 0.17 |211.600| 206.540 ota |230345| 0.18 |211.715| 206.655 0.19 |233.105| 0.19 |211.600| 206.540 0.20 |235:750| 0.20 |211.255| 206.195 0.16 | 20126 | 0.16 | 18950 | 18496 0.17 | 20304 | 0.17 | 18981 | 18527 0.18 | 20662 | 0.18 | ta991 | 18537 0.19 | 20910 | 0.19 | 18981 | 18527 020 | 21148 | 0.20 | 18950 | 18496 0.21 |238.280| 021 |210.680 0.22 |240.810| 0.22 |209.990 0.23 |243.225| 0.23 |209.070 0.24 |245525| 0.24 |208.035) 0.28 |267.710| 025 |206.70 o21 | 21374) 021 | 18898 22 | 21601 | 022 | 18836 023 | 21817 | 023 | 18754 024 | 22024 0.24 | 18661 025 | 22220) 025 | 18547 0.26 |249.995| 0.26 | 205.505) 026 | 22416 | 026 | 18434 0.27 |251.965 —|- o27 | 22601) — =|= 0.28 |254035] — =|=]= oz | 2e7e7) — =j/=|= 0.29 |256.105] — ae | 29 | 22073) — | 0.90 _|257.945| _— -|-/|-— 30_| 2318 | — =| * Values of fn fo intermeskate values of #8. or Pie $F are obiained by liner interpolation pv pw * Applicable for 45° e Bearing Type F, F, e x Y x [Y Single-directon, « # 90° 4 | tana | 1 | 15tana Double-direction,a#90" | 1.5tana | 067 | tana | 1 | 1.5tana *F,/F,

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