HISTORICAL
HISTORICAL SETTING OF INTELLIGENCE:

The desire for advance information is no doubt rooted in the instincts for survival. A
commander ma ask himself, what will happen next? What course of action should I
take? What is the planning against me?

The earliest sources of intelligence, in the age of belief in super natural intervention in
the affair of men were prophet
prophets,
s, seers,
seers, oracles
oracles astrolog
astrologers
ers and others.
others. (Aureo
(Aureo A.
uare!".

Bible:
The earlier recorded instances of intelligence fathering can be found in the #ol$ %ible
(&um. '"

Moses) *ne of the first recorded formali!ed intelligence efforts, with format can be
found in the #ol$ %ible (&umbers ')'+". The criptures also named the ' intelligence
agents whom the lord directed -oses to send into land of anaan and records that all
those men were heads of the famil$ of Israel, and -oses sent them to sp$ out the land
of anaan.

Rahab / The harlot

harlot of 0ericho
0ericho (0oshua )'1'"
)'1'" who sheltered
sheltered and
and concealed
concealed the agents
agents
of Israel, she made a covenant with the agents and duped their pursuers.

Delilah / The 2hilistine used her when she allowed 2hilistine spies to hide in her house
(0udges '3)4". 5elilah was an impromptu intelligence agent. he is a best example of 
an 6amourous agent7.

PERSONALITIES, EVENTS, AND AGENCIES

un / T!u / 8enerall$ credited with instigating the first full$ operational espionage
network.
#is %ook 2ing 9a / The principels of war was published in :'; %.

The Art o !ar   /

/ This book of un T!u in the favorite reading of the late -ao Tse Tung
and it was re<uired reading material for the hinese communist tacticians.
6=now th$ enem$ and know $ourself, $ou need not fear the results of a hundred battles7
6If $ou know $ourself and not the enem$, for ever$ victor$, $ou will suffer defeat7
If $ou know neither $ourself nor the enem$ $ou are a fool who will meet defeat in all
battle.7
 

Ale"a#$er the Great   / When a Alexander the 8reat was marching to Asia, were
rumors of disaffection growing among his allies and mercenaries. #e sought the truth
and got it b$ simplest expedient. #e devised the first 6letter sorting7 and opening to
obtain information.

A%bar  (%adruddin
  (%adruddin -ohammed Akbar" / The 68reat -ughal7 and sagacious master of 
#industan emplo$ed more than >,;;; agents for the sole purpose of bringing him the
truth that his throne might rest upon it.

GENGHIS &ha#  / A mongol

GENGHIS mongol who
who used
used intel
intellig
ligen
ence
ce to con<u
con<uer
er hina
hina and
and invade
invade
atha$.. #e instructed his 8enerals
atha$ 8enerals to send out spies and used prisoners as sources of 
information. The leader of the so1called
-*&8* *&@IB*B / made use of effective propaganda machine b$ spreading
rumors of -ongol Terror. The$ collected information on weaknesses and rivalries of 
Curope. The$ usuall$ disguised as merchants.

Earl' Es(io#a)e A)e#*ies:

 A. The Ninja
Ninja  / (The
(The name
name deriv
derived
ed from
from the word
word 6&
6&inD
inDits
itsu1t
u1the
he art
art making
making ones
oneself 
elf 
invisible" served the shoguns of ' centur$ in 0apan.
The$ were drawn from the ph$sical
ph$sical and social cream of samurai $outh reputed to be
able to walk on water, to obtain intelligence while and to appear and disappear at will.

%. Cabinet Noir   /
/ (A secret police organi!ation" / The creation of ardinal Bichelieu.
This designed to intercept and anal$!ed correspondence within the 9rench ourt and
between the lesser nobilit$, it did much to preserve the sometimes tenuous securit$ of 
the throne of =ing ouis EIII.

. Oprichnina / Bussia 9irst 2olitical 2olice

This was founded in ':3: b$ Ivan the Terrible, the first 8rand 5uke of -uscov$ to be
crowned Tsar. 3,;;; *prichniki dressed in black, rode black horses and carried on
their saddles the emblems of a dogFs head and a broom, s$mboli!ing their mission to
shift out and sweep awa$ treason.

5. Ocharana / This was born in the reign of Tsar Alexander II with ';;,;;; agents on its
pa$ro
pa$rollll opera
operatin
ting
g from
from bases
bases in ever$
ever$ maDor
maDor cit$
cit$ in Buss
Bussia
ia an
and
d severa
severall capita
capitals
ls
abroad.

C. Off
Office
ice of Naval
Naval Intell
Intelligence  / Task wi
igence with
th collec
collectin
ting
g and
and recor
recordin
ding g such
such nava
navall
intelligence
intelligence as ma$be
m a$be useful to the department
department 6In Time of War7 as well in peace the
office of the &aval Intelligence became the first true government Intelligence agenc$
to function in Washington.
 

FREDRIC&
FREDRI C& THE GREATGREAT. #e was know known n as thethe 9athe
atherr of *rga
*rgan
ni!ed
i!ed -ili
-ilita
tar$
r$
Cspionage. #e has divided his agents into four classes)
ommo
o mmon n spies
spies recru
recruite
ited
d among
among poor
poor fol
folk,
k, glad
glad to earn
earn a small
small sum
sum or to
accommodate a militar$ officer.
5ouble spies, the low informers and unreliable renegades of value chiefi$ in
spreading false information to the enem$.
pies of onse<uences / couriers and noblemen, staff officers, and kindred
conspirators, invariable re<uiring a substantial bribe or bait, persons who are forced to
undertake espionage against his will.

&ARL SCH+LMEITE
SCH+LMEITER R  / &apoleo
&apoleonFs
nFs e$e, &apoleo
&apoleonFs
nFs militar$
militar$ secret,
secret, was born
born on
 August :, '++;. #e began his career in offensive
offensive espionage.
espionage. nder a cover role, he
was able to infiltrate the Austrian 8eneral taff.

INTELLIGENCE IN GENERAL
a. 9irst, let us see what -r. Webster has to sa$ about it. Webster defines
defines intelligence
intelligence
as)
'. apacit$
apacit$ for understanding and for other forms of adaptive
adaptive intellect of behaviorG
the mind in operation.
. The power of meeting an$ situation,
situation, especiall$
especiall$ a novel situation, successfull$
successfull$ b$
power
pow er behavi
behavior
or adDustme
adDustments
nts the abilit$
abilit$ to apprehe
apprehendnd the interrel
interrelatio
ationshi
nships
ps of 
presented facts in such a wa$ as to guide action a goal.
. =nowledge
=nowledge of an event, circumstances,
circumstances, etc., received or imparted the gatherin
gatheringg or 
distri
distribut
bution
ion of infor
informat
mation
ionGG the staf
stafff of perso
persons
ns engag
engageded in obta
obtaini
ining
ng such
such
information.

b. 2s$cholog$
2s$cholog$ 5efinition)
5efinition)
6Intelligence is the capacit$ of a person to adDust to new situations through the
use of what has been previousl$ learned.7

c. -ilitar$
-ilitar$ 5efin
5efinitio
ition)
n)
6The product resulting from the collection, evaluation, anal$sis, integration, and
interpretation of all available information which concerns one or more aspects of 
foreig
foreignn natio
nations
ns or area
areas
s of opera
operatio
tions
ns and
and which
which is immed
immediat
iatel$
el$ or potent
potentia
iall$
ll$
significant to planning.

F#*tio#s:  (general"
Toda$Fs all countries have their intelligence services. The ma$ be different in their 
organi!ation, efficienc$ and method but the$ all have the basic functions.

'. The collec

collection
tion or
or procurem
procurement
ent of inform
informatio
ation.
n.
. The evaluatio
evaluationn of the information
information that become intelligence.
intelligence.
 

. The disse
dissemina
mination
tion of
of intellig
intelligence
ence tto
o those
those need it.
it.
>. oun
ounter
ter intel
intellig
ligen
ence.
ce.

PRINCIPLE OF INTELLIGENCE
'. niversa
niversalit$
lit$ of Applic
Applicatio
ation
n / It should
should appl$ to as man phases
phases and aspects
aspects of 
intelligence as possible. This served as guide to the production of intelligence
and other activities and person or organi!ation composing it.
. It must be broad
broad / trul$ a general
general rule / It should
should form thethe basis for formulation
formulation of 
corollar$ and subsidiar$ guides.
. It must
must be imimpo
port
rtan
antt / Inde
Indeed
ed esse
essent
ntia
iall to inte
intell
llig
igen
ence
ce.. It is guid
guidee is trul
trul$
$
important and essential, and then its violation should bring its own immediate
penalties.
>. The$
The$ must
must not
not be mutuall$
mutuall$ exclusi
exclusive
ve inste
insteadad each
each should
should complem
complementent each
other.

OB-ECTIVES:

The fundame
fundamental
ntal obDecti
obDective
ve of Intellig
Intelligence
ence is to ensure
ensure rationa
rationall and timel$
timel$ decision
decision
making. This is intelligenceFs 6raison dF etre7. Its reason for being.

BROAD CATEGORIES
CATEGORIES OF INTELLIGENCE

'. &ational Intelligence

Intelligence / refers
refers to the knowledge
knowledge formed with the integratio
integration
n of the
intelligence developed b different government agencies and considered essential
in th
thee formul
formulat
ation
ion of natio
nationa
nall intel
intellig
ligen
ence
ce polic$
polic$ and
and promo
promoti
tion
on of natio
nationa
nall
securit$.
. 5epartmental
5epartmental Intelligence
Intelligence / refers to the knowledge
knowledge re<uired
re<uired b$ a department
department or 
agenc$ of the government in order to execute its mission and discharge its
responsibilities.
. -ilitar$
-ilitar$ Intellig
Intelligenc
ence
e / refers
refers to the knowledg
knowledge e re<uired
re<uired b the militar$
militar$ institut
institution
ion
essen
ess entia
tiall in the
the prepa
prepara
ratio
tion
n and
and execu
executio
tion
n of milita
militar$
r$ plans
plans,, polici
policies
es,, an
andd
programs.
>. 2olice
2olice Intellige
Intelligence
nce / refers to the knowledg
knowledge e necessar$
necessar$ in the preparatio
preparation n and
execution of police plans, policies, and programs.

F+NCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE INTELLIGENCE
 

'. rimin
riminal
al Intell
Intellig
igenc
ence
e 4BI-
4BI-I&T
I&T"" / refer
refers
s to the knowled
knowledge
ge essent
essentia
iall to the
prevention of crimes and the investigation, arrest, and the prosecution of criminal
offenders.

. Internal ecurit$ Intelligen

Intelligence
ce (I&I&T"
(I&I&T" / refers
refers to the knowled
knowledge
ge essential
essential to the
maintenance of peace and order.

. 2ublic afet$
afet$ Intelligence
Intelligence (2I&T"
(2I&T" / refers
refers to the knowledge
knowledge essential
essential to ensure
ensure
the protection of lives and properties.

FIELD OF INTEREST OF POLICE INTELLIGENCE

'. TATI
ATIA
A Intellig
Intelligence
ence / refers to the knowledg
knowledgee that contributes
contributes directl$
directl$ to the
accomplishment
accomplis hment of specific obDectives of immediate concern
concern such as raid, arrest,
investigation
investigation patrol, counter1insurgenc$
counter1insurgenc$ operation,
operation, anti1terrorist
anti1terrorist activit$,
activit$, crisis
management, and disaster, relief and rehabilitation activit$.

. oun
ounteteri
rint
ntel
elli
lige
genc
nce
e / refe
refers
rs to the
the know
knowleledg
dge
e esse
essentntia
iall in the
the form
format
atio
ion,
n,
preparation and execution of plans, policies and programs geared toward the
neutrali!ation of activities that have adverse implications to the best of police
organi!ation. It involves the observance of securit$ measures meant to protect
police installations, e<uipments, and vital information from sabotage, pilferage,
and unauthori!ed
unauthori!ed disclosure. It also include the application of efforts
efforts to ensure a
desirable state of internal discipline and decorum among police personnel and
the attainment of a harmonious relationship with the communit$.
communit$.

. trat
trategi
egic
c Intell
Intellig
igenc
ence
e / refers
refers to the knowl
knowledg
edge
e that
that deals
deals with
with wi
wide
de and
and far1
far1
reaching issues on public safet$, law and order, suppression and prevention of 
crimes, and internal securit$ necessar$ for the formulation and execution of long
range plans, policies and programs.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS OPERATIONS

'. Intelligence
Intelligence is
is continuous
continuous
 All intelligence
intelligence activities
activities follow a simple continuous
continuous intelligence
intelligence c$cle. At the
same time that new information is being collected in response to direction, other 
information is being processed and intelligence is being used.
. Intelligence
Intelligence and operations
operations are interdepe
interdependent
ndent
a. eparate
eparate and distinct activit$ but compliments
compliments each other.
other.
b. Intelligence
Intelligence operations
operations are
are an integral
integral part
part of the operation
operation of all units.
units.
c. uccess of the mission
mission dependent
dependent on on the <ualit$
<ualit$ and effectiveness
effectiveness ofof intelligence.
intelligence.
 

. Intelligence
Intelligence must
must be useful
Intelligence
Intelligen ce must be ade<uate
ade<uate for the purpose for which it is to be utili!ed. To
To be
useful, intelligence
intelligence must not onl$ increase knowledge
knowledge but also understanding
understanding of the
particular problem under consideration in order that decisions ma$ be reached. A
thorough understanding of the nature of the problem or the commanderFs mission is
essential for production of useful intelligence. 9urthermore, earl$ determination of the
nature of the intelligence re<uired to permit a decision is essential for the production
of useful intelligence.
>. Intelligence
Intelligence must
must be timel$
Intelligence must reach the user in the time to serve as basis for appropriate
action. Timeliness ma$ involved some sacrifices of completeness and accurac$ and
completeness on the other hand will re<uire careful Dudgment, an understanding of 
the intended use of the intelligence, and the degree of accurac$ and completeness
that ma$ be sacrificed.
:. Intelligence
Intelligence operations
operations must be flexible
Intell
Intellige
igenc
ncee activ
activiti
ities
es are
are based
based on reaso
reason n and
and Dudg
Dudgmen
ment,t, but
but not
not on fixed
fixed
procedur
proc edure.e. tandar
tandardd procedu
procedures
res make intellig
intelligenc
ence
e operati
operation
on more effective
effective,, but
must not be follo
must followe
wedd blind
blindl$
l$.. 2r
2roc
ocedu
edure
res,
s, which
which are not
not chang
changeded to meet
meet the
re<uirements of a given situation generall$, lead to failure.
3. Intelligence
Intelligence operations
operations re<uire imagination
imagination and foresight
foresight
Imagin
Ima ginati
ation,
on, fores
foresigh
ight,
t, and
and resoresourc
urcefu
efulne
lness
ss are
are esse
essenti
ntial
al for succes
successf
sful
ul
intellig
inte lligence
ence operati
operations.
ons. 2olicie
2olicies s and procedu
procedures,
res, which
which limit the imaginat
imagination
ion or 
initiative of subordinate agencies, are avoided. se of resourcefulness b$ intelligence
agenc$ and personnel insures that all available information can be developed and
exploited and resulting intelligence given to the user, in suitable form.
+. Intelligence
Intelligence must fit needs
needs of the commander 
commander 
5ifference commanders need information of different geographic areas. ome of 
their needs, however, are from overlapping areas. intelligence plans, orders and
re<uests, are concerned with definite areas, particularl$ the area of influence of the
command. This area is that portion of the assigned !one or area of operations in
whic
wh ich
h ththee cocomm
mmanande
derr, b$ his
his own
own mean
means,
s, is capa
capabl
ble
e of dire
direct
ctl$
l$ infl
influe
uenc
ncin
ing
g
operations b$ the emplo$ment of his available combat power.
H. Intelligence
Intelligence re<uires careful
careful and thorough planning
planning
Intell
Intellige
igencncee plann
plannin
ingg inclu
include
des
s the
the antic
anticip
ipati
ation
on of intel
intellig
ligen
ence
ce need
needs,s, the
the
organi!ation to fulfill the needs, and supervision of the organi!ation. It is continuous
and must be adapted to changing conditions b$ the developing and <uickl$ exploiting
new inform
informat ation
ion sour
sources
ces,, improv
improving
ing method
methods,
s, and
and incre
increas
asing
ing effe
effect
ctive
ivene
ness
ss of 
dissemination.
dissemina tion. Intelligence planning results in collection
collection of information
information on subDects of 
current interest and future value. It unsatisfactor$ intelligence is developed on an$

subDect or current interest corrective action is taken without dela$.

4. Intelligence
Intelligence re<uires
re<uires constant safet$
safet$ measures
measures
 

onstant securit$ measures must be undertaken to den$ unauthori!ed personnel

information
informatio n about operations
operations of intelligence
intelligence agencies, sources of information
information and the
intelligence products. The enem$ has an advantage if he knows how the opponent
must know of his capabilities, vulnerabilitiesG and probable courses of action. The
enem$ has also advantage if he can learn the extent of his success in deception
measures.

 ABCA *9 I&TCBCT
I&TCBCT *9 2*IC 2*IC I&TCI8C
I&TCI8C&C)
&C)
'. 2oli
2olice
ce in
inte
tegr
grit
it$
$
. *rgani!
*rgani!eded crime
crimes s and
and racke
racketeer
teering
ing
. omme
ommerc rcial
iali!e
i!ed d vices
vices
>. orru
orrupt
ption
ion in
in publi
publicc office
office
:. Industri
Industrial
al and labor
labor disp
disputes
utes

2rincipal Areas of Intelligence

'. -ilita
-ilitar$
r$ / offe
offens
nsiv
ive
e an
and
d defen
defensiv
sive
e tactic
tactics,
s, war
war plans
plans,, strat
strategi
egic
c conce
concepts
pts and
and
tactical
tactical princip
principles,
les, organi!
organi!atio
ations,
ns, install
installatio
ations,
ns, industr
industrial
ial lease,
lease, armed
armed forces,
forces,
command structure, command personnel, material, tactics, morale,
. 8ene
8enerarall / top topogra
ographphic
ical
al and
and h$drh$drogogra
raph
phic
ic char
characacte
teri
rist
stic
ics,
s, histhistor
oric
ical
al
backgrounds
. 5i
5ip;l
p;loma
omatitic
c / foreig
foreign n polic
policies
ies,, all
allia
ianc
nces,
es, diplo
diplomat
matic
ic es
estab
tablis
lishme
hment nt,, foreig
foreignn
service personnel, techni<ues of conducting foreign relations.
>. 2olitical / ideolog$
ideolog$,, traditions,
traditions, institutions
institutions,, personalities,
personalities, area
area of friction
friction
:. Cconomi
nomic c
a. 9i9ina
nanc
ncia
iall / -one
-oneta tar$
r$ poli
polici
cies
es,, cu
curr
rren
enc$
c$ stru
struct
ctur
ure,e, tran
transasact
ctio
ions
ns,,
institutions, personalities
b. ommerc
ommercial ial / trade
trade policies,
policies, markets,
markets, trading
trading methods,
methods, price policiepolicies,
s,
personalities
c. Industrial
Industrial / structure of capacit$
capacit$,, manufacturing
manufacturing plants and processes,
processes,
raw material, energ$ rotations, labor relations, personalities
d. -ining
-ining / -ineral
-ineral resources
resources,, productio
production n method,
method, output
output
e. Agriculture / policies, crop structure, cultivation method,
mechani!ation, financing, specific characteristics of rural population.
3. ommunications
ommunications and Transportati
Transportation on / telephones,
telephones, telegraphs,
telegraphs, wireless,
wireless, railwa$s,
railwa$s,
shipp
shipping
ing,, auto
automob
mobileiles
s and
and trucks
trucks,, highw
highwa$ a$s,
s, aviat
aviation
ion,, owner
ownershiship,
p, polic
policies
ies,,
organi!ation, personnel
+. ocia
ociall / natio
nationa
nalit
lit$
$ struc
structur
ture,
e, class
classes
es and
and caste
caste histor
historica
icall factor
factors,
s, cens
census,
us,
pers
pe rson
onal
al aspe
aspect
cts,
s, char
charac
acte
teri
rist
stic
ics
s an
andd ment
mental
alit
it$
$ of peop
people le forc
forces
es,, sosoci
cial
al
legislation, radio, television, press, motion picture.

H. Intellig
Intelligenc
ence
e / *rgani!
*rgani!atio
ations,
ns, -ethods
-ethods and 2ersonne
2ersonnell of ompeting
ompeting Intelligen
Intelligence
ce
s$stem
 

8eneral Activities in 2olice Intelligence

'. trategic Intelligence
Intelligence / the intelligence
intelligence information
information which primaril$ long range in
nature with little practical immediate operation value.
. ine
ine InInte
telli
lligen
gence
ce / which
which is of an immed
immediaiate
te nature
nature and nece
necessa
ssar$
r$ for more
more
effective police planning and operation?
. &ational
&ational Intelli
Intelligenc
gence e / it is the integrat
integrated
ed product
product of intellig
intelligenc
encee developed
developed b all
the govern
governmenmentatall branc
branches
hes,, depar
departme
tments
nts conc
concern
erning
ing the
the broa
broadd as
aspe
pect
ct of 
national securit$ and polic$. It is concerned to more than one department or 
agenc$
age nc$ and it is not produce
produced d b single
single entit$.
entit$. It is used to coordinate
coordinate all the
activities of the government in developing and executing integrated and national
polices and plans.
>. ounter / Intelligence
Intelligence / phase
phase of intel
intel covering the activit$
activit$ devoted
devoted in destro$ing
destro$ing
the effectiveness of hostile foreign activities and to the protection of info against
espionage, subversion and sabotage.
:. nderco
ndercoverver Work
Work / is an investi
investigati
gative
ve process
process in which
which disguis
disguises
es and pretex
pretextt
cover and deception are used to gain the confidence
confidence of criminal suspects
suspects for the
purpose of determin
purpose determining
ing the nature and extent
extent of an$ criminal
criminal activit
activities
ies that
ma$be contemplating or perpetuating.

9orms of Intelligence
'. ociological
ociological intelligence
intelligence / deals withwith the demographic
demographic and ps$chologica
ps$chologicall aspects
of groups of people.
a. 2opu
2opulat
lation
ion and
and manp
manpow ower 
er 
b. har
haract
acteri
erist
stic
ic of the
the people
people
c. 2ublic opinion / attitude
attitude of the maDorit$
maDorit$ of the people
people towards
towards matter of 
of 
public polic$
d. Cducati
Cducationon / based
based of literac$
literac$ rate
rate
. %iographical
%iographical Intelligence
Intelligence / deals
deals with individualFs
individualFs personalities
personalities who have actual
possession of power.
. Armed 9orce
9orce Intelligence
Intelligence / deals withwith the armed
armed forces of the &ation.
&ation.
a. 2osi
2ositition
on of the
the Armed
rmed 9orc
9orces
es ons
onsti titu
tuti
tion
onal
al an
andd lega
legall basi
basis
s of its
its
creation and actual role.
b. *rgani!
*rgani!atio
ation
n structure
structure and territor
territorial
ial disposit
disposition
ion
c. -ilita
-ilitar$
r$ manpow
manpower er recrui
recruitme
tment
nt..
d. *rde
*rderr of %att
%attle
le..
>. 8eographical
8eographical Intelligence
Intelligence / 5eal with
with the progress
progress of research
research and
and development
development
as it affects the economic and militar$ potential of a nation.

T2C *9 2*IC I&TCI8C&C

 

'. TBATC
TBATC8I 8I I&TCI8C&
I&TCI8C&C C / An
An intelligence
intelligence data that are
are not of an immediate
immediate
value. It is usuall$ descriptive in nature, accumulation of ph$sical description of 
personalities,
persona lities, modus operandi. It does not have immediate operational value but
rather long range that ma$ become relevant to future police operations.
. *&TCB
*&TCB I&TCI8C&
I&TCI8C&C C / 2hase
2hase of intelligence
intelligence covering
covering the activit$
activit$ devoted
devoted
in destro$ing the effectiveness of hostile foreign activities and to the protection of 
info against espionage subversion and sabotage.
. I&C I&TCI8
I&TCI8C&C
C&C / It is the kind of intelligence
intelligence re<uired
re<uired b the
the commander
commander to
provide for planning and conduct tactical and administrative operatio
operationn in counter 
counter 
insurgenc$. This pertains to knowledge of 2eople, Weather, Cnem$ and Terrain
(2WCT" used in plannin
planning
g and conducting
conducting tactical and administ
administrative
rative operation in
a counter insurgenc$.

Intelligenc
Intelligencee informat
information
ion to be determin
determined
ed in ine
ine Intellig
Intelligenc
ence
e J-ilitar
J-ilitar$
$ Intellig
Intelligence
ence
includes the following)
'. 2C*2C
2C*2C / iving
iving condition
condition of the people,
people, ources
ources of income,
income, Cducati
Cducation
on of the
people, 8overnment livelihood proDects, Cxtent of enem$ influence to the people.
. WCAT#CB
WCAT#CB / Kisibilit$
Kisibilit$, loud$,
loud$, Te
Temperature,
mperature, 2recipitation
2recipitation (rain", Wind
. C&C-
C&C- / ocatio
ocation
n of the enem$
enem$,, trength
trength of the enem$,
enem$, 5ispositio
5ispositioin,
in, Tactic
Tactical
al
capabilit$, Cnem$ vulnerabilit$.
>. TCBB
TCBBAI
AI& & / Belie
Belieff and
and draina
drainage
ge s$ste
s$stem,
m, Kegetati
getation,
on, urf
urface
ace materi
material,
al, man
made features.

9ive -ilitar$ aspects of terrain

'. ove
overr and
and conce
concealm
almentent
. *bstacle
. ritic
ritical
al ke$ terr
terrain
ain ffea
eatur
tures
es
>. *bserv
*bservatioation
n and
and fields
fields ofof fire
fire
:. Avenu
Avenues es of appro
approacach h

The intelligence $cle

2roduction c$cle
'. 2lannin
2lanning g of the collect
collection
ion effort
effort
. olle
ollect
ction
ion of
of infor
informat
mation
ion
. 2rocessing
2rocessing of of the collected information
information into
into intelligenc
intelligence
e
>. 5issemin
5isseminatiation
on and used
used of the resultin
resulting
g intellige
intelligence
nce
ollection of Information
'. 5eter
5etermin
mine e collec
collectin
ting
g agenc$
agenc$
. end
end ord
orders
ers of re<
re<uesuests
ts
. uper
upervis
vise
e collec
collectio
tionn effor
effortt
>. se tools
tools or techni<u
techni<ues
es in
in collec
collection
tion
 

:. Cnsur
Cnsure
e timel
timel$
$ colle
collect
ction
ion

9actors in choosing collection agent

'. apabil
apabilit$it$ / agents
agents placemen
placements
ts or access
access to the target
target
. -ulti
-ultipli
plici
cit$
t$ / mor
more
e agent
agents
s
. %alance

-ethods of collection
'. *vert / opopen
. ove
overtrt / secr
secret
et

ollecting Agencies
'. 8overnme
8overnment nt agencies
agencies J offices
offices / variet$
variet$ inform
informatio
ation
n
. Intell
Intellige
igenc
ncee nits
nits J agenc
agencies
ies
. *rga
*rgani ni!a
!ati
tion
ons s

Trade crafts
'. 2hot
2hotog
ograraph
ph$$
. Investi
Investigati
gationsJ
onsJ elicit
elicitatio
ation
n J interroga
interrogation
tion
. urv
urvei
eill
llan
ance
ce
>. oun
oundd e<ui
e<uipmpmen entt
:. urre
urrepti
ptiti
tious
ous entr$
entr$
3. se
se of
of an
an art
artis
istt
+. omm
ommun unic
icat
atio
ion
n

2rocessing the ollected Information

teps in 2rocessing raw information
ollection / organi!ation of raw data and information into usable formG grouping
similar items of information so that the$ will be readil$ accessible.
Beco
Be cordi
rding
ng / is the redureducti
ction
on of info
info into
into wr
writi
iting
ng or some
some other
other form
form of grap
graphic
hical
al
representation and the arranging or this info into writing or some form of graphical
representation and the arranging of this into groups of related items.
a. Intelligence
Intelligence 0ournal
0ournal / permanent
permanent chronologi
chronological
cal records
records of reports
reports and messages
messages
that have been received and transmitted.
b. ituatio
ituation n map / temporar$
temporar$ graphic
graphic displa$
displa$ of the current
current dispositio
disposition
n and maDor 
activities of the enem$.
c. Intelligence
Intelligence workbook
workbook / a s$stematic
s$stematic arrangemen
arrangementt of subDect
subDect heading
heading which
which aids
in the sorting, evaluating and interpretation of information and in the preparation
of intelligence reports.
d. Intell
Intellige
igenc
nce
e files
files / files
files are
are neces
necessa
sar$
r$ to permi
permitt read$
read$ access
access to all
all avail
availab
able
le
information.
 

a. 0ournal
0ournal files
files / contains
contains a record cop$cop$ each message
message of document
document noted
noted in
the Dournal. It support the Dournal and is also a permanent and official record.
b. Informat
Information
ion or referenc
referencee file / all informat
information
ion of possible
possible future
future value is cross
cross
indexed in this file.
c. *b1*%
*b1*% is the identifica
identification
tion,, strength
strength command
command structure
structure,, and dispositio
disposition
n of 
the personnel, units and e<uipments of an$ militar$ force.

ollation / organi!ation
ollation organi!ation of raw data and information into usable forms, grouping similar 
items
items of informatio
informationn so that the$ will
will be readil$
readil$ accessible
accessible1int
1intelli
elligenc
gence
e files
files like *%
concern
conc erning
ing criminali
criminalit$
t$ or in sur
surger$
ger$,, intelli
intelligenc
gence
e librar$
librar$,, briefin
briefingg maps.
maps. Intelli
Intelligenc
gence
e
worksheet, and intelligence Dournals.

Cvaluation / is the determination of the pertinence of the information to the operation,

reliabilit$ of the source of or agenc$ and the accurac$ of the information.
Cvaluation determines the following)
a. 2ertinence
2ertinence / does it hold
hold some value
value to current
current operation?
operation? Is it needed immediatel$?
immediatel$?
Beliabilit$ of Information Accurac$ of   ource of Information
Information
 A1ompletel$
 A1ompletel$ Beliable
Beliable '. onfirm b$ other  1ignal Intercept
sources
%1suall$ Beliable . 2robabl$ True T15irect *bservation b$
ommanderJhief of a nit"
19airl$ Beliable . 2ossibl$ True 1Beport b$ 2enetration
agent or Besident Agent
51&ot suall$ Beliable >. 5oubtfull$ True K1Beport b$b$ 2&
2&2JA92 TrTroops
Involved in Cncounter 
C1nreliable :. Im
Improbable W1Interrogation of aptured
Cnem$ AgentJ9oreigner 
91
91Be
Bealalib
ibil
ilit
it$
$ canno
annott be 3. Truth annot be E1*bservation of 8overnment
 Dudged 0udged Jivilian Cmplo$ee or *fficials
1*bse
1*bservat
rvation
ion b$ a -ember 
-ember 
of the 2opulacc.
 A15ocumentar$
 A15ocu mentar$
b. Beliabilit$
Beliabilit$ / Dudging the source
source of info of agenc$
c. redibi
redibilit$
lit$ / truth of info.
info. Is it possible
possible for the reporte
reportedd fact or event
event to have
have taken
place? Is the report consistent within itself? Is the report confirmed or corroborated b$
info from different sources or agencies? If the report doest not agree with info other 
sources which one is more likel$ to be true.

Interpretation / it is establishing the meaning and significance of the information. It

involves the following activities)
 

 Anal$sis / shifting and isolating those elements that have significance

 Anal$sis significance in light of the
mission or national obDective.

Integration / combining the elements isolated in anal$sis and known information to form
a logical picture or theor$.

5eduction
5eduction / the formulat
formulation
ion of conclus
conclusions
ions from the theor$
theor$ develop
developed,
ed, tested and
considered valid / determination of effort and meaning of the information.

The criteria that must be observed in dissemination are)

'. Timeless
Timeless / must reach the users on time to be of value. It must be disseminat
disseminated
ed
in accordance with the urgenc$ and must reach the user in sufficient time to be
use.
. 2ropriet
2ropriet$$ / the means must be clear,
clear, concise
concise and complete
complete,, as well as in the
prope
pro perr fo
form
rm for the
the recei
receive
verr to read
readil$
il$ unde
underst
rstan
and
d its conte
contents
nts.. It must
must be
disseminated to the correct user.

-ethods of 5issemination
a. 2ersonal
2ersonal contact / formal or informal briefing,
briefing, telephone or b$ a conferenc
conference e briefing
are superior
superior means
means of dissemin
disseminatio
ations
ns because
because it gives
gives the producer
producer to better 
better 
chance to fell the interest and needs of the user.
b. -essages
-essages / most fre<uentl$
fre<uentl$ essential advantage
advantage is the rapidit$1radio
rapidit$1radio telephone,
telephone, a
airdrop and messenger service.
1 pot repor ortts / one time
ime used b$ all all echelon
lon to tratransm
nsmit inte
ntellige
ligen
nce or 
information of immediate value
c. 9orma
9ormall intel
intellig
ligenc
encee 5ocum
5ocumen
entt / 2ermi
2ermitsts the pres
present
entati
ation
on of intel
intellig
ligen
ence
ce in an
integrated
integrat ed and comprehensive
comprehensive form designed
designed to meet the anticipated
anticipated re<uirements
of the user.
'. Intellig
Intelligence
ence ummar$
ummar$ / brief summar$ of informati
information
on interest
interest covering
covering a period
period
of time designed b$ the commander.
. Intelligence
Intelligence estimate
estimate / logical
logical and orderl$
orderl$ examination
examination of
of the intelligence
intelligence factors
affecting the accomplishment of the mission.
. Anal$
Anal$sis
sis of the area of opera
operatio
tion
n / deta
detaile
iled
d comp
compreh
rehen
ensiv
sive
e stud$
stud$ with
with the
the
emphasis on weather and terrain, data designed to enable the commander to
determine the effects of the area of operation on the opposing forces.

ounter1Intelligence
This
Th is kin
kind of inte
intell
llig
igen
ence
ce cove
covers
rs the
the acti
activ
vit$
it$ devo
devote
ted
d in dest
destro
ro$
$ing
ing the
the
effectiveness
effectiveness of hostile
hostile foreign activities
activities and to the and to the protection of info against
against
espionage, subversion and sabotage.
 

Three Activit$ of I
a. 2rotecti
2rotection
on of inform
informatio
ation
n against
against espion
espionage
age
b. 2rotecti
2rotection
on of perso
personnel
nnel again
against
st subver
subversion
sion
c. 2rotecti
2rotection
on of installat
installation
ion and materia
materiall against
against sabotage
sabotage

Two 8eneral T$pes of I

'. ActiveJ
ActiveJ*ff
*ffensi
ensive
ve -easures
-easures / -easures
-easures and activel$
activel$ block enem$ intelligen
intelligence
ce
activities to include)
oun
o unter
ter1re
1recon
conna
naiss
issan
ance,
ce, coun
counter
ter1es
1espi
piona
onagege,, coun
counter
ter sabo
sabotag
tage,
e, count
counter 
er 
subversion, deception programs, camoutflage and the use of smoke to den$
enem$ observation.
. 2assiveJdefensiv
2assiveJdefensive e -easures
-easures / -easures
-easures which
which conceal
conceal information
information and include)
include)
ecre
e crec$c$ disci
discipli
pline,
ne, securi
securit$
t$ of class
classifi
ified
ed docu
documen
ments
ts and
and mater
material
ials,
s, signa
signall
securit$, movement control, censorship, camouflaged, used of concealment and
electronic measures.

*&TCB I&TCI8C&C is also known as &egative Intelligence

&egative intelligence is a generic term meaning three different thingsG
 A. ecurit$ Intelligence
Intelligence / means
means that the
the total sum of efforts
efforts to counsel the following)
following)
'. &ati
&ation
onal
al 2ol
2olic
icie
ies
s
. 5i
5iplo
plomat
maticic decis
decisioions
ns
. -ili
-ilita
tar$
r$ data
data
4.  And an$ other information
information of a secrete nature affecting
affecting the securit$ of the
nati
nation
on from
from unau
unauththor
ori!
i!ed
ed pers
person
ons.
s. It is effo
effort
rt to den$
den$ info
inform
rmatatio
ion
n to
unauthori!ed persons b$ restricting to those who are explicitl$ authori!ed to
possess it.

The basic of securit$ intelligence is concealment in general)

'. The classification
classification of documents
documents according
according to the degree
degree of their
their secrec$
secrec$
. Kar
arious
ious screen
screeninging operatio
operationsns
a. prea
preadin
dingg of delib
deliber
erate
atel$
l$ falsi
falsific
ficate
ated
d or bogus
bogus infor
informat
mation
ion to mislea
misleadd the
enem$.
b. The
The enac
enactm tmen
entt of legi
legisl
slat
atio
ion
n to dete
deterr peop
people
le from
from ever
ever tr$
tr$ing
ing to gain
ain
unauthori!ed possession of classified information.
c. The
The sesele
lect
ctio
ion
n anand
d indo
indoct
ctri
rina
nati
tion
on of trus
trustw
twor
orth
th$$ and
and secu
securi
rit$
t$ cons
consciciou
ouss
personnel.
d. A prprot
otec
ectitive
ve plan
plan desi
design
gned
ed to secusecure
re natu
natura
rall reso
resour
urce
cess and
and indu
indust
stri
rial
al
production against espionage and sabotage.
 

%. ounter
ounter1Int
1Intellig
elligenc
ence e / ounter
ounter Intellig
Intelligence
ence is the organi!
organi!ed
ed effort
effort to protect
protect
sp
spec
ecif
ific
ic data
data that
that mi
migh
ghtt be of valu
value
e to the
the oppo
oppone
nent
ntFs
Fs own
own inteintell
llig
igen
ence
ce
organi!ation.
ome of its functions are)
'. %$ ce cens
nsor
orsh
shipip of the
the foll
follow
owin
ing
g / orr
orres
espo
pond
nden
ence
ce,, %roa
%roadc
dcas
ast,
t, Telecalecast
st,,
Telephone conversations, telegrams and cables, etc.
. It aims to prevpreven
entt the
the disse
disseminminati
ation
on of an$ inform
informati
ation
on that might
might and
and an
opponent
. -aintena
-aintenance nce of files
files of
of susp
suspect
ect
>. urv
urveileilla
lance
nce of
of suspe
suspects cts
:. -ail reading,
reading, wire
wire taping
taping andand recor
recording
ding
3. Infiltration
Infiltration of the
the enem$ intelligenc
intelligencee organi!ed
organi!ed to procure
procure informatio
information
n about its
its
method, personal, specific operations and interest.

. ounter
ounter1Csp
1Cspiona
ionage
ge / In counter1
counter1esp
espiona
ionage,
ge, negativ
negativee intellig
intelligenc
ence
e becomes
becomes a
d$
d$nam
namicic and
and activ
active
e effo
effort
rt.. Its purp
purpose
ose is to inve
invest
stiga
igate
te actu
actual
al or theore
theoretic
tical
al
violation of espionage laws, to enforce those laws and to apprehend and violators.
It is a Dob to catch spies. It is basicall$ a police function.

 Aims of ounter1C
ounter1Cspionag
spionage)
e)
To locate the enem$, to identif$ the enem$, and to neutrali!e the enem$.

9ive Importance of Cffective I

'. 5enie
5eniess info
info to the enem$
enem$
. Bedu
Beduces
ces the risk
risk of a comm
comman andd
. Aids
Aids in achie
achieviving
ng surp
surpris
rises
es
>. Increase
Increase the securit
securit$
$ of the command
command
:. 5ecreases
5ecreases thethe enem$
enem$ abilit$
abilit$ to create info about our forces
forces

I *peration
'. -ilitar$ ecurit$
ecurit$ / it encompasses the
the measures taken
taken b$ a command to protect
itself against espionage, enem$ operation, sabotage, subversion or surprise.
Cxample)
ecrec$ discipline
pecial safeguarding of classified info.
ecurit$ of troop movement
pecial handling of weather L escapes
ounter subversion with in the armed forces
Tactical measures in combat area
 

. 2ort 9rontier and Travel

Travel ecu
ecurit$
rit$ / has to do with the application
application of both militar$
and
an d civi
civill se
secu
curi
rit$
t$ meas
measur
ures
es of I co cont
ntro
roll at poin
pointt of entr
entr$$ and
and depa
depart
rtur
ure,
e,
international boarders or boundaries.
Cxamples)
ecurit$ screening and control of frontier ecurit$ control of merchants, seaman
and crew of commercial aircraft. ecurit$ control of frontier crossing point securit$
control of seaports.
. ivil ecurit$
ecurit$ / it encompasses
encompasses active and passive
passive I measures affectin
affecting
g the non1
militar$ nationals permanentl$ or temporaril$ residing in an area under militar$
 Durisdiction.
 Durisdiction.
Cxamples)
$stematic registration of civilians and aliens
ontrol of circulation, urfew,
urveillance of suspected political organi!ations
ecurit$ screening of labor, issuance of passes and permits
ontrol of internal commence

a. enso
ensorsh
rship
ip / it is the control
control and exami
examinat
nation
ion of the
the ivil,
ivil, &ationa
&ational,
l, Armed
Armed
9orces, 9ield press, and 2*Ws.
b. pecial operations
operations / counter subversion,
subversion, sabotage
sabotage and espionage
espionage

What is I *peration?
It is an activit$ that constitutes the value of the I workload, worldwide and includes
specific investigation of individual and incidence which for the most part are conducted
in an overt but discreet manner.

Three ategories of I -easure

'. 5ent
5ental
al -easu
-easurere / ecre
ecrec$
c$ discip
disciplin
line,
e, 5ocu
5ocumen
mentt secu
securit
rit$
$, a
amou
moufla
flage
ge and
conc
concea
ealmlmen
ent,
t, omm
ommununic
icat
atio
ion
n sec
securit
urit$
$, -ili
-ilita
tar$
r$ cens
censorors
ship,
hip, ount
ounter 
er 
reconnaissance.
. 5etec
5etectio
tion
n -easu
-easure
re / 2I,
2I, ecu
ecurit
rit$
$ tag
tag or pass
pass card
card,, hall
hallen
enge
ge or passwo
password,
rd,
Beconnaissance
. 5ece
5ecepti
ption
on -easure
-easuress / Buse
Buse / ususe e of escape
escape and ev evas
asion
ion,, 5umm$
5umm$ positi
position
on,,
9abricated info

I -ission
'. 5etectio
5etection
n / Identif
Identif$
$ the
the threat.
threat.
. Cvaluat
Cvaluation
ion / anal$!
anal$!ing
ing the
the data
data plan
plan
. ounter
ounter action
action and 2revention
2revention / recommend
recommend counter
counter measures
measures in neutral
neutrali!in
i!ing
g
the target.
 

ategories of ounter Intelligence *perations

'. ecur
ecurit$
it$ Investi
Investigat
gation
ion / A I oper
operati
ations
ons one in an overt
overt but
but discre
discreet
et manner 
manner 
design
des igned
edJco
Jcondu
nductcts
s for perso
personn
nnel
el secu
securit
rit$
$ inves
investig
tigat
ation
ion (2(2I
I",
", incid
incident
ent or 
individual complaint investigation.
. ecurit$ ervices
ervices / A I provided
provided for maintaining
maintaining measures
measures to safeguard
safeguard against
against
sa
sabo
bota
tage
ge,, espi
espion
onag
agee and
and susubv
bver
ersi
sion
on.. This
This incl
includ
udes
es)) ecu
ecuri
rit$
t$ susurv
rve$
e$ L
inspectionG ecurit$ education and securit$ program.
. pecial
pecial (ecurit
(ecurit$"$" *peration
*perationss / A short
short range
range or long range
range proDect
proDect designed
designed to
identif$
iden tif$,, infiltra
infiltrate,
te, penetra
penetrate
te and neutral
neutrali!e
i!e enem$
enem$ operatio
operations.
ns. These
These t$pes
t$pes of 
operatio
oper ationsns are usuall$
usuall$ covert
covert and done
done through
through underco
undercover
ver.. The
The operati
operation
on
includes) ounter espionage, counter subversion and and counter sabotage.

Intelligence 5iscipline and 9unctions

♣ #uman Intelligence (#-I&T"

♣ Imager$ Intelligence (I-I&T"

♣ -easurement an ignature Intelligence (-AI&T"
♣ ignal Intelligence

9unctions of I 2ersonnel
'. Identif$
Identif$ insurge
insurgent
nt indi
indicato
cators
rs
. onstru
onstructct a database
database on insurgent
insurgent infrast
infrastruct
ructure.
ure.
. Anal$!
Anal$!ee current
current intellig
intelligence
ence infrastr
infrastruct
ucture
ure trends.
trends.
>. Becomme
Becommend nd I targets
targets for expl
exploita
oitation
tion
:. Becomme
Becommend nd specific
specific operati
operations
ons on specific
specific I targets
targets
3. Becomme
Becommend nd populatio
populationJre
nJresour
sources
ces control
control measures
measures
+. Cnsures
Cnsures installa
installation
tion base securit
securit$$
H. onduct
onduct liaison
liaison with
with other
other agencie
agencies s

I&TCI8C&C *2CBATI*&
*2CBATI*&
It is the result of intelligence planning, planning is alwa$s ahead of operation
although an operation can be made without a plan, it is usuall$ due to sudden and
inevitable situations but definitel$ this is poor intelligence management.

5ifferent Tasks involve in police intelligence operation

'. 5iscove
5iscoverr and identifi
identificati
cation
on activ
activit$
it$
. urveilla
urveillance
nce and iaison
iaison 2rogra
2rogram m
. Inform
Informant
ant -anag
-anagemement
ent
>. lipping
lipping services
services and debriefi
debriefing
ng
:. Belevan
Belevantt misce
miscellan
llaneous
eous activit
activities
ies
 

3. asing
+. tili!ation
tili!ation of Informant
Informant for planning and organi!ation
organi!ational
al emplo$ment
emplo$ment purposes.
purposes.

The '> *2CBATI*&A

*2CBATI*&A C
-ission and Target
Infiltration / the recruitment of an agent or informant inside the target organi!ation
2enetration / insertion of action agent inside the target organi!ation
'. 2lanning
. potting
. Invest
Investiga
igatio
tion
n / 2%IJ
2%IJ%
%II
>. Becruitment
Becruitment / the onl$ <ualification
<ualification of an agent
agent is to have an access to the target
target
:. Traininin
ingg
3. %riefing
+. 5ispatch
H. ommunication
ommunication / Tec Technical
hnical / telephoneJra
telephoneJradio,
dio, &on1technical
&on1technical / personal
personal meeting,
meeting,
live dropJdead drop
4. 5ebrie ieffin
ing
g
';. 2a$ments
';.2a$ment s / depends upon the motivation
motivation
1 %u$ his lif ife
e no
not hi
his Do
Dob
1 Begulat
Begulator$
or$ and depend
dependabil
abilit$
it$ that
that count
counts
s not
not the
the amoun
amountt
1 2a$ no bonuses
1 upp
upple
leme
ment ntal
al the agen
agentt inco
income
me from
from regu
regulalarr sour
source
cess enou
enough
gh to ease
ease his
financial worries but not enough to cause him to live in st$le.
''.. 5isposition / involved
'' involved activit$ rerouting, retraining, retesting, termination
'.Beporting
'.*perational Testing

I&9*B-ATI*&
I&9*B-ATI*& A&5 IT *BC
ife of 2olice Intelligence
Information / unprocessed information or raw data
Intelligence Information / gathered or received which is intelligence interest
ource / where the information is obtained

I&9*B-ATI*&
 All evaluated
evaluated materials of ever$ description
description including
including those derived fro
observa
observation
tion,, reports
reports,, rumors,
rumors, imager$
imager$,, and other
other sources
sources from
from which
which intellig
intelligence
ence in
produce.

Two 8eneral lassification of sources of information)

'. *pen ources
ources / 44M of the
the info collected
collected are
are coming
coming from open
open sources.
sources.
. lose
lose ource
ource / 'M info
info from
from close
close sources
sources
 

*vert Intellig
*vert Intelligenc
ence
e / is the gatherin
gathering
g of informat
information
ion or document
documents
s procure
procured
d openl$
openl$
wi
witho
thout
ut re
rega
gardrd as to whet
whether
her the
the subDe
subDect
ct or targe
targett becom
become
e knowl
knowledg
edgeab
eable
le of the
purpose.

*pen ources) Includes information taken from

'. Cnem$
Cnem$ activit$
activit$ / 2*W
2*W / ivilians
ivilians / aptured
aptured docume
documents
nts
. -ap / Weather,
Weather, forecast,
forecast, studies, report / Agencies
Agencies

overt Intelligence / is the secret procurement of information, which is obtained without

the knowledge of the person or persons safeguarding vital intelligence interest.

lose ources) Information is usuall$ taken through)

'. urveilla
urveillance
nce / asing
asing / Clicit
Clicitatio
ation
n
. urre
urrepti
ptiti
tious
ous entr$
entr$ / Cmplo$
Cmplo$men
mentt of techn
technica
icall means
means (%
(%ugg
uggin
ing
g and
and Tapping
pping
device"
. Tactical Interrogation1
Interrogation1 *bservation
*bservation and 5escription
5escription

*ther sources of information) *ver and overt

'. Boutine
Boutine patro
patroll and crimin
criminal
al invest
investigat
igation
ion

CIITATI*&
It is a s$stem or plan whereb$ info of intel value is obtained through the process
direc
directt interc
intercomm
ommununica
icatio
tion
n in which
which one
one or more
more of the parti
parties
es to the common
common is
unaware of the specific purpose

 2hases
'. 5eter
5etermin
minat
ation
ion of
of the miss
missio
ion
n
. elec
electio
tion
n of the subDe
subDect
ct
. Accom
Accompli
plish
shmen
mentt of the miss
mission
ion

 5evises in the conduct of Clicitation

'. Approac
Approach h / process
process of setting
setting people
people to start
start talking
talking
. 2robe
2robe / to keep
keep the people
people taking
taking incess
incessantl$
antl$

T$pes
T$pes of Approach
'. 9latter$
9latter$ / peop
people
le are suscepti
susceptible
ble to prais
praise
e
Kariants)
a. Teacher
eacher / 2upil Approach
Approach / the subDect
subDect is treated as an authorit$
authorit$.. We re<uest
re<uest
himJher to enlighten us and we solicit his view point and opinion.
 

b. =ind
=indred
red oul
oul Approa
Approachch / the subDec
subDectt has been
been place
place in a pedes
pedestal
tal having
having
some speciali!ed <ualit$ and $ou flatter himJher b$ showing enough concern
for hisJher welfare to pa$ special attention to his enDo$ment.
c. 8ood amaritan
amaritan Approach
Approach 1 is sincere and valid
valid offers
offers of help
help and assistance
assistance
are made to the subDect
d. 2artial
2artial / disagreem
disagreementent Appro
Approach
ach / seek to produce
produce talking
talking b$ the word 6IFm
sure if I full$ agree.
. 2rovocative
2rovocative Approach
Approach / discover
discover a wide
wide range of
of conventional
conventional gambits
gambits
Kariants)
a. Teaser
aser %ail
%ail Approac
Approach h / the elicitor
elicitor accumula
accumulates
tes the sources
sources of knowledg
knowledgee
about a particular subDect
b. -anh
-anhattattan
an from
from -issou
-issouriri Appro
pproach
ach / the elici
elicitor
tor adopts
adopts an unbeli
unbeliev
evabl
able
e
attitude above an$thing. #e <uestion all statements and opposition
c. 0oe
0oe %low
%low Appro
Approac
ach1
h1 is 6I7 know the answer
answer to ever$t
ever$thin
hing7
g7 appr
approac
oach.
h. The
elicitor adopts the attitude of being approachable of an$ field.
d. &ationa
&ationall 2ride Appro
Approach
ach / nature
nature propensit$
propensit$ of all persons
persons to defend
defend their 
countr$ and its policies.

T$pes
T$pes of
o f 2robe
'. ompetit
ompetition ion 2robe
2robe / this is effectiv
effectivee when used in connectio
connectionn with the teacher 
teacher 
pupil approach
. l
lari
arit$
t$ 2robe
2robe / used
used to elici
elicitt addit
addition
ional
al info in an area which
which the respo
responsnse
e is
clear.
. #i
#ighgh 2ressu
2ressure re 2robe
2robe / it serve
serves s to pin down
down a subDe
subDect
ct in a spec
specifi
ific
c area or it
ma$be used to point out contradictions in what the subDect has said.
>. #$pothe
#$potheticaticall 2robe / presents
presents a h$pothetic
h$potheticalal situation
situation and to get the subDect
subDect to
react to the h$pothetical situations.

9our 2urpose of Clicitation

'. To ac<uire info which
which is unbelievab
unbelievable
le through other channel.
channel.
. To obtain info
info which
which although
although unclassified
unclassified in not publicit$
publicit$ known
known
. To prov
provide
ide sour
source
ce of int
into
o
>. To assist
assist vario
various
us indiv
individua
iduals.
ls.

2lanning and 2reparation

'. What info is neces
necessar$
sar$ or esse
essentia
ntiall
. Who has acces
access s to the
the info
info
. What are the vulner
vulnerabil
abilitie
ities
s
>. #ow suscep
susceptibl
tible
e is he to
to elicit
elicitatio
ation
n
:. *utli
*utline
ne elici
elicitat
tation
ion poin
points
ts prior
prior to mee
meeti
ting
ng and prepare
prepare specifi
specific
c <uest
<uestion
ions
s and
and
known $our subDect well
 

2*BTBAIT 2ABC
2ABC (IFJ2"
(I FJ2"
It is a means of using descriptiv
descriptive
e terms in relation to the personal
personal features
features of an
individual and it can be briefl$ described as a world description or a spoken picture.
(Anthropometr$ / no two human beings has the same bod$ measurement".

%A=8B*&5 #C= A&5 I&KCTI8ATI*&

Information &eeded)
'. 5omes
5omestictic %ack
%ackgro groun
und
d
. 2ers
2erson
onal
al #ab
#abit it
. %usi
%usine
nessss #is
#isto
tor$r$
>. ocial
ocial or %usin
%usiness ess Assoc
Associate
iates
s
:. -edi
-edica
call #i
#ist
stor
or$$
3. Cduca
Cducatio
tiona
nall %ackg
%ackgro roun
und
d
+. 9ami
9amil$
l$ #is
#isto
tor$
r$

Tracing Kictims, witnesses, informants, others

'. Telephone
lephone techn
techni<ue
i<ue and
and home
home visit
visit
. Beco
Becord
rd of cha
chang
nge
e of addr
address
ess
. -ail covers
covers and telegram
telegram ruses
ruses

Tracing the 9ugitive

'. Bout
Boutinine
e info
inform
rmat
atio
ion
n / 2h$
2h$sica
sicall desc
descri
ript
ptio
ion
n / -odu
-odus s oper
opera
andi
ndi / -oti
-otivve1
associates,
associat es, past and present including girlfriend / habits, hang1outs,
hang1outs, and resorts
he is known to fre<uent1
fre<uent1 riminal record photographs
photographs and fingerprints1resi
fingerprints1residence
dence
lastt know
las known n and
and prev
previou
ious
s locat
location
ion / Cmplo
Cmplo$m $ment
ent,, last
last known
known andand prev
previou
ious
s
emplo$ee / relatives, names and addresses / driverFs license /  or 8I
number. #andwriting for comparison
. 9or immediate
immediate action,
action, the
the following
following procedure
procedures s should
should be adapted)
'. Transmission
Transmission of the information
information to other
other law
law enforcing
enforcing agenc$
agenc$
. end
ending
ing of polic
police
e circu
circular 
lar 
. &otification
&otification of
of other
other agencies
agencies possessing
possessing informativ
informative
e records
records

AI&8
It is reconnaissance or surveillance of a building place or area to determine its
suitabilit$ for Intel use or its vulnerabilit$ in operations.

-ethod of asing
a. 2erso
2ersona
nall Beco
Beconn
nnais
aissa
sance
nce / the most effe
effecti
ctive
ve metho
method
d and
and will
will produc
produced
ed the
most info since $ou know Dust what $ouFre looking for.
 

b. -ap Becon
Becon / it ma$ not sufficie
sufficient
nt but it can produce
produce a certain
certain amount
amount of usabl
usable
e
info
c. Besearc
Besearch h 1 much
much info
info can
can be
be ac<ui
ac<uired
red throu
through
gh rese
research
arch
d. 2rior info / $our unit
unit and of the unit
unit will have
have file report
report that the$ ma$ provide
provide $ou
with info
e. #earsa$
#earsa$ / info usuall$
usuall$ gain
gain b the persons
persons operatio
operationn in the area and performi
performing
ng
casing Dob

Info desired in casing

a. Area
Area con
condit
dition
ion and
and habit
habit
b. Acti
Active
ve *pp
*ppososit
itio
ion
n
c. 5is
5isposa
posall 2lan
lan
d. Cscap
Cscape e and
and Cvasi
Cvasionon

8uidelines in the conduct of asing

'. To gain contact
contact as soon
soon as possible
possible and
and maintain
maintain continuousl$
continuousl$
. -aneuve
-aneuverr freel$ inconf
inconformit
ormit$
$ with operatio
operations
ns (dr$ run"
run"
. To fight
fight onl$
onl$ when
when necess
necessar$
ar$
>. To repo
reportrt all
all items
items of inf
info
o
:. To dev
develo
elop p the situ
situat
ation
ion

%asic 2rocedures in the conduct of asing

'. 2repara
2reparation
tion of gener
generalal locat
location
ion map
map
. ketch of the adDoining establishment
establishment andand prominent
prominent features
. pecific
pecific sketc
sketch
h or floor
floor plan
plan of main
main target
target
>. 5etailed features of inner
inner portion
portion of target
target and
and its description
description
:. 2hotograph
2hotograph of the casing
casing target
target (from
(from general
general to specific points"

BKCIA&C
 A form of clandestine
clandestine investigation
investigation which consist of keeping persons,
persons, place or 
otherr targets
othe targets under
under ph$sica
ph$sicall observa
observation
tion in order
order to obtain
obtain evid
evidenc
ence
e or informat
information
ion
pertinent to an investigation.

onsiderations in urveillance 2lanning

2re1urveillance onference / a conference held among the team members, the
police intelligence unit before surveillance is conducted.
1. urveillance plan / The plan must established the re<uired t$pe of personnel, the
genera
gen erall and
and spec
specifi
ific
c instru
instructi
ction
ons
s for
for surv
surveil
eillan
lance
ce.. Cnsur
Cnsure
e that
that the overa
overallll
obDective of the surveillance is understood. All participating personnel will have
commons underst
commons understand
anding
ing of the operati
operational
onal limitatio
limitations,
ns, signals
signals and special
special
instruction which have been improved.
 

. Area Ta
Target stud$ / All available
available information
information about
about the areas
areas should be collected
collected
and anal$!ed.
. urveillant
urveillant / a person
person who conducts
conducts surveillance
surveillance with
with includes onl$ observations
observations..
>. takeout or 2lant / is the observation
observation of places
places or areas
areas from
from a fixed point.
:. Tailing or hadow
hadowing
ing / it is the observation
observation of a personFs
personFs movement.
movement.
3. nderco
ndercover
ver -an / it refers
refers to a person
person trained
trained to observe
observe and penetra
penetrate
te certain
certain
organi!ation suspected of illegal activities and later reports the observation and
informationFs that proper operational action can be made.
+. iaiso
iaison
n 2rog
2rogram
ram / this
this is the
the assi
assign
gnmen
mentt of traine
trained
d intell
intellige
igenc
nce
e perso
personn
nnel
el to
other
oth er agen
agencie
ciess in orde
orderr to obtai
obtain
n infor
informat
mation
ion of polic
police
e intel
intellig
ligen
ence
ce value
value..
(Agencies like the press, credit agencies, labor unions, tel. companies"
H. afe house
house / is a place, building,
building, enclosed
enclosed mobile,
mobile, or an apartment,
apartment, where
where police
police
undercover men meet for debriefing or reporting purposes.
4. 5rop / an$
an$ person
person is a convenie
convenient,
nt, secure
secure and unsuspecti
unsuspectingng place where police
undercover men meet his action agent for debriefing or reporting purposes.
';.onvo$ / an accomplice or associate of the subDect used to avoid or elude
surveilant.
''.. ontact
'' ontact / ant persons
persons whom the subDect
subDect picks
picks or deals with while he is under 
observation and identifies the observer.
'.-ade
'.-ad e / when
when subDe
subDect
ct unde
underr surv
surveil
eillan
lance
ce beco
becomes
mes awar
awaree that
that he is unde
under 
r 
observation and identifies the observer.
'.ost / when the surveillant does not know the whereabouts of his subDect or the
subDect had eluded the surveillance.

T2C *9 BKCIA&C
 According
 According to Intensit$
Intensit$ and
and ensitivit$
ensitivit$
'. 5iscreet / subDect
subDect person
person to be watch
watch is unaware
unaware that
that he is under observat
observation.
ion.
. lose / subDect
subDect is aware that
that he is under observat
observation
ion varied on each occasion.
occasion.
. oose
oose / applied
applied fre<uent
fre<uentl$
l$ or infre<u
infre<uentl
entl$
$, period of observatio
observation
n varied
varied on each
each
occasion

 According to -ethods
 According -ethods
'. tationar$
tationar$ / this is observa
observation
tion of place
place usuall$ a bookie stall,
stall, a gambling,
gambling, Doint,
Doint, a
residence where illegal activities are going on (fixed position"
. -oving
-oving / surv
surveil
eillan
lance
ce follow
follow the subDe
subDect
ct from
from the
the place
place to place
place to mainta
maintain in
continuous watch of his activities.
. Technical
chnical / this is a surveillan
surveillance
ce b$ the use of communicat
communicationsions and electron
electronicic
hardwareFs gadgets, s$stem and e<uipment.

The 2lace of urveillance

 

areful surve$ of the surrounding area should be made. The character of the
neighborhood, the residents and the transients should be noted. The observation points
should be selected. Two t$pes of place of surveillance are
'. sin
singg a room
room in a near
nearb$
b$ hous
house e of busi
busine
ness
ss esta
establ
blis
ishm
hmen
entt and
and rema
remain
inin
ing
g
undercover.
. Bemai
Bemainining
ng outdo
outdoors
ors and posin
posing
g who
who would
would normall
normall$$ cond
conduct
uct his busi
busines
ness
s in
such an area, i.e., laborer, carpenter street vendor, etc.

pecial C<uipment (Technical upports"

'. amer
amera a with
with telep
telepho
hoto
to lens
lens
. -oving
-oving pictu
pictures
res camer
camera a
. %ininoc
ocu
ula
lars
rs
>. Tape recordin
recordingg appar
apparatus
atus
:. Wire
Wire tapi
taping
ng dev
devic
ice
e
3. *ther
*ther instrume
instrumentnt / miniatur
miniaturi!ed
i!ed one1w
one1wa$
a$ radio
radio

-ethod available to Cmplo$

'. urv
urveil
eillan
lance
ce of pla
place
ce
. Tailing
iling or shadowin
shadowing g ('11
('11 man shadow"
shadow"
. nde
ndercorcove
verr investi
investiga
gatio
tion
n

pecial -ethods used in urveillance

'. Wir
Wire ta
tapp
ppin
ing
g
. onc
onceal
ealed
ed micro
microph
phone
ones
s
. Ape
Ape re
reco
cord
rder 
er 
>. Televi
levisi
sion
on
:. Cl
Clec
ectr
tric
ic gadg
gadgetets
s

%asic 2reparations
 A. tud$ of the subDect
subDect
%. =nowledg
=nowledge e of the
the area
area and terra
terrain
in
. ubversi
ubversive
ve *rgani!
*rgani!atio
ation
n
5. ove
overr to
tor$
r$

9actors to onsider in 9ix urveillance

'. 5eter
5etermin
mine
e base
base of oper
operat
ation
ion
. -aintain a thorough,
thorough, cautious reconnaissance
reconnaissance of the area
. *bta
*btainin neces
necessar
sar$$ e<uipm
e<uipmenents
ts
>. Assignm
Assignments
ents of specif
specific
ic duties
duties toe ach
ach member
member of the team
:. 2repare
2repare alternat
alternative
ive cours
course
e of action
action
3. 2rov
2rovide
ide for relie
relieff teams
teams
 

+. Arrange
Arrange for communic
communicatio
ation
n signa
signals
ls
H. Arra
Arrang
nge
e for
for inco
incons
nspi
picu
cuouous
s arri
arriva
vall and
and depa
depart
rtur
ure
e of e<ui
e<uipm
pmen
entt as well
ell as
personnel of the base of operation.

ounter urveillance
'. Windo
Window
ws sho
shopp
ppin
ing
g
. se
se of
of ccon
onvvo$s
o$s
. topping
topping immediate
immediatel$
l$ on blind
blind corners
corners
>. 8etting
8etting out
out immediat
immediatel$
el$ on public
public conv
conve$a
e$ances
nces
:. Betr
tra
acin
ing
g
3. Cnter
Cntering
ing mobile
mobile hous
housin
ing
g

5ifferent between surveillance and Beconnaissance)

'. urv
urveil
eillan
lance
ce is conti
continu
nuou
ouss while
while recon
reconna
naiss
issanc
ancee is inter
intermit
mitten
tentt missi
mission
on or 
operation
. Beconnaissance
Beconnaissance has
has specific
specific obDective
obDective while
while surveillance
surveillance has general
general obDectives
obDectives

*%CBKATI*& A&5 5CBI2TI*&

*bservation
*bserv ation / a complete and accurate observation
observation b an individual of his surroundings
surroundings
an enco
encomp mpas
asse
sess the
the use
use of all
all the
the maDo
maDorr se
sens
nse
e to regi
regist
ster
er and
and reco
recogn
gni!i!ed
ed its
its
operational or intel significance
5escrip
5escription
tion / the actual and factual
factual reportin
reporting
g of oneFs
oneFs observ
observatio
ation
n of he reported
reported
sensor$ experience recounted b$ another.

2s$chological 2rocesses for accurate observation

'. H:M of our
our knowl
knowledge
edge is gather
gathered
ed thoug
though
h sight
sight
. 'M
'M of $our
our hear
hearin
ing
g
. M throu
through
gh the
the three
three sens
senses
es

2s$chological 2rocesses for accurate observation

'. Attention / consist of the ps$cholog
ps$chological
ical process
process involve
involve in becoming
becoming aware
aware of an
existence of fact
. 2erception
2erception / involved in the understanding
understanding this fact
fact of awarene
awareness
ss
. Beport / involved
involved in identif$
identif$ the name
name in one own mind and some fact which
which has
been perceive, narrated and identified.

T$pes
T$pes of Attention
'. Involuntar$
Involuntar$ / $ou
$ou have no control
control and re<uires no effort
effort
. Koluntar$
Koluntar$ / this is more
more reliable
reliable but
but not dependable
dependable
. #abitua
#abituall / little
little effort
effort with
with a maximum
maximum of contro
controll
 

9actors involved on perception

'. -ent
-entalal cap
capab
abililit
it$
$
. Cduca
Cducatio
tiona
nall backg
backgrou
round
nd
. *ccu
*ccupat
pation
ional
al backg
backgro roun
undd
>. Imperial
Imperial backgr
backgroun ound
d / ac<uire
ac<uired
d though
though experienc
experience
e

TATIA I&TCB*8ATI*&
The need for obtaining information of highest degree of credibilit$ on the minimum of 
time. The obDectives of interrogative varies and depend entirel$ on the situation in which
the interrogator finds himself. #e must therefore full$ aware of the obDectives for each
interrogation.

9orm of Interrogation
'. 5irect
5irect / the subDect
subDect is aware
aware of the fact that he is being
being interroga
interrogated,
ted, but
but he ma$
not learn the true obDectives of the interrogation. This is being used extensivel$ at
the tactical lever.
. Indire
Indirect
ct / the subDec
subDectt is not aware
aware that
that he is being
being inter
interro
rogat
gated.
ed. This
This is us
used
ed
when time is not so important.

T$pes of Interrogation
'. cree
creenin
ningg / usua
usuall$
ll$ accompl
accomplis ishe
hed
d as soon
soon as after
after capt
capture
ure,, appr
appreh
ehens
ension
ion or 
arrest of an interrogee.
. 9orm
9ormalal In
Inte
terr
rrog
ogat
atio
ion
n (5et
(5etai aile
led"
d" / the
the s$st
s$stem
emat
atic
ic atte
attemp
mptt to expl
exploi
oitt to an
appropriate
appropri ate depth those areaarea of the interrogees
interrogees knowledge
knowledge,, which have bee beenn
indentified in the screening process.
. 5ebriefing
5ebriefing / a form
form of eliciting
eliciting information,
information, which
which is generall$
generall$ used when
when the area
area
of knowledgibilit$ of the interrogee is known.
>. Intervie
Intervieww / the intervi
interviewe
ewerr must be full$ aware
aware of the actual
actual t$pe of informatio
information n
desired and alert on the interviewer must be full$ aware of the actual t$pe of 
information desired and alert on the interviewerFs moods and expressions.
:. Interr
Interroga
ogati
tion
on of a$
a$ 2erso
2ersonnnnel
el (
(pe
pecif
cific
ic T$pe" / the techni<
techni<ue uess us
used
ed are
are the
the
same
sam e as in thethe interr
interrog
ogati
ation
ons,
s, howe
howeve ver,
r, espec
especia
iall effo
effort
rt must
must be made
made to
establis
esta blished
hed a common
common frame
frame of referen
reference
ce between
between the interrog
interrogator
ator and the
interrogee.
interroge e. The amount of information
information obtained from this t$pe will depend on the
interrogatorFs ine<uit$ in establishing common terminolog$ on the source can
understand which will enable the interrogator to get the desired information.
3. Technical Interrogatio
Interrogation
n / the level of interrogati
interrogation
on where the source
source has specific
specific
and such detailed information that re<uires a trained expert in the subDect matter 
to be explored. It usuall$ covers the specific subDect and time is not as limited as
during other interrogation.
 

2hrases of Interrogation
'. 2lanni
2lanning
ng andand 2rep
2repar
arati
ation
on
. Approac
Approach h (-eeti
(-eeting
ng the
the Inte
Interrog
rrogee"
ee"
. @ues
@uestition
oniningg
>. Termin
rminatatio
ionn
:. Becordrdin
ingg
3. Beportrtin
ingg

I&TCBB*8ATI*& TC#&I@C
I&TCBB*8ATI*&
Techni<ues of Approach / the purpose is to gain the cooperation of the source
and induce him to answer <uestions which will follows.
 A. The 6*pen Techni<ue
Techni<ues7
s7 / the interrogator
interrogator is open and direct in the approach
approach and
makes no attempts to conceal the purpose of the interrogator.
%. The 6ommon Interest7 Te Techni<ues / the interrogator
interrogator must exert effort to impress
the interrogee of their common interest.
. Becord 9ile (we know all techni<ue" the interrogat
interrogator$
or$ prepare a file on the source
listing all known information (record should e padded to make it appear to be ver$
extensive" the information
extensive" information must contains the life histor$ of the interrogee
interrogee to include
his activities and known associates (2art$1bio1data of het interrogee is important"
D. Cxaspe
Cxasperation
ration / Techni<ues (#arassment"
(#arassment" / effectivel$
effectivel$ emplo$ed against hostile
t$
t$pe
pe interr
interrog
ogee.
ee. The
The inter
interrog
rogat
ator
or must
must be alert
alert becau
because
se the
the interr
interroga
ogaee
ee ma$
fabricate information to gain relief from irrigation monot$pe".
C. *pposit
*pposite e 2ersona
2ersonalit$
lit$ Techni
Techni<ue
<ue / also
also known
known as 6-utt
6-utt and 0eff7,
0eff7, 6Threat
6Threat and
Bescue7, 6%ud 8u$18od 8u$ 6weet and our7 6ugar and Kinegar7, 65evil and
 Angel7
9. Cgotist Te
Techni<ues (2ride and ego" usuall$ successfu
successfull when emplo$ed against an
interrogee who has displa$ed a weakness or a feeling of insecurit$.
8.6ilent7 Techni<ue / emplo$ed against nervous or the confident t$pe of interrogee.
ook out the interrogee s<uarel$ in the e$e with sarcastic smile (force him to break
e$e contact first"
#. @uestion
@uestion %arrage7 Techni<ue
Techni<ue (Bapid 9ire @uestioning" / intended
intended to confuse
confuse the
interrogee and put him into defensive positon. The interrogee become frustrated
and confused, he will likel$ reveal more than he inted, thus creating opening for 
further <uestioning.

Informant / is an individual who supplies information on confidential basis with the

understanding that his identif$ will not be known.

-otivation of Informants)
'. 9ear / afraid
afraid of law violated
violated and their
their criminal
criminal associates.
associates.
 

. -ercenar
-ercenar$ $ / provides
provides informat
information
ion in exchange
exchange of financial
financial gain. Informat
Information
ion is
generall$ good,, for it is hid business, however, ma$ sell his information to the
highest bidder and Deopardi!e investigation.
. Avoida
Avoidance
nce of punishme
punishment nt / person apprehe
apprehendendedd for a minor
minor crime ma$ reveal
reveal
information concerning a maDor crime to avoid prosecution.
4. Be
Beve
veng
ngee / acti
acting
ng on grudgrudgege to anot
anotheherr pers
person
on ma$
ma$ give
give exag
exagge
gerarate
ted
d
information to get even.
:. 8ratitu
8ratitude
de / informat
information
ion is given due to expressi
expression
on of appropria
appropriation
tion to an officer 
officer 
(ex. Cmplo$ment assistance"
3. 8ain / to
to obtain privilege inside thethe cell. (ex.
(ex. A cigarette"
cigarette"
+. ompetit
ompetition
ion / elimina
elimination
tion of riva
rival.
l.
H. Beform motive / repenting
repenting for wrong andand wants
wants to set a straight
straight
4. 5emented / a <uick
<uick personalit$
personalit$,, a bothered information.
information.

-anagement of Informants
'. Identit$ of the informants
informants should
should e maintained
maintained in one central file.
. 9ile must be inin complete securit$
securit$.. 9ew high1rankin
high1ranking
g officers
officers must know.
know. 6&eed
6&eed to
know basis7 and 6ompartmentali!ation7
. All candidat
candidates
es must be fingerpr
fingerprinte
inted,
d, photograp
photographed
hed and interviewe
interviewed d before
before the
approval or use of informant.
>. An establishm
establishment
ent file should
should contain
contain the following)
following) handwri
handwriting
ting specimen
specimen,, and
init
initia
iall re
reco
cord
rd of debr
debrie
iefi
fing
ng and
and memo
memorarand
ndum
um of appr
approv
oval
al.. It ensur
nsureses
accountabilit$.
:. A discreet
discreet in<uir$
in<uir$ should be made. (e.g. informantF
informantFs
s backgro
background
und,, occupat
occupation,
ion,
associates, etc."

&eeds for informants

'. It increase
increase accomplishment
accomplishment in all
all areas
areas of
of investigatio
investigation.
n.
. Without
Without confiden
confidential
tial informant
informants,s, the officerFs
officerFs sou
source
rce of informatio
information
n is limited
limited to
what he gets through formal interview.
. Informan
Informantt enable law enforcer
enforcerss to infiltra
infiltrate
te the criminal
criminal ele
element
ment and help lower 
lower 
criminal morale.
>. Inform
Informant
antss give
give adva
advanc nce
e infor
informat
matio
ion,
n, thus
thus it improv
improves
es crime
crime preve
prevent
ntion
ion and
control.
:. Informan
Informantt s are investi
investigate
gate shortcu
shortcutt to solve
solve cases, to recover
recover stolen
stolen items and
properties to make apprehensions.

Where to find riminal Informants)

'. egitima
egitimatete persons
personsJcri
Jcrimina
minals
ls
. 2erson
2erson who
who had been
been accuse
accusedd or suspec
suspected
ted of a crime.
crime.
. 2erson engaged
engaged in
in certain occupational
occupational services
services should
should be considered.
considered.
 

#ow to 5evelop onfidential Informants)

'. onstant
onstant need / behind
behind scientific
scientific developmen
developmentt there will
will alwa$s
alwa$s be a time when
when
we will need information.
. Cvalu
Cvaluat
ation
ion of inf
infor
orman
mants
ts

se of Informants)
'. -axi
-aximumum
m bene
benefi
fitt
2. 5o not steal another manFs informants

-eeting with the Informants)

'. 5o not
not bec
become
ome care
careles
less.
s.
. The
The contr
control
ol office
office should
should make selecti
selection
on of meetin
meeting g place
place and time on each
each
occasion.
. There
There must be cover
cover storie
stories s in meeting
meeting the informa
informants
nts..
>. -eetings should be be held other
other than
than an office
office in the
the police department.
department.
:. Avoid
Avoid recogni
recogni!abl
!ablee pattern
pattern..
3. Avoid
Avoid having
having $our agenc$
agenc$ identifie
identified
d in an$ correspo
correspondin
nding
g room and telephone
telephone
numbers.

Treatment of Informant)
'. Alwa$s
Alwa$s consider
consider the different
different complex
complex of
of human
human behavior
behavior..
. Avoid
Avoid us
using
ing deroga
derogativ
tive
e terms
terms
. Cxpress
Cxpress apprec
appreciati
iating
ng b$ encourage
encouragement
ment J complimen
compliments
ts
>. =eep what
what $ $ou
ou know
know for
for $ours
$ourself 
elf 
:. -ake
-ake goo
good d on all promi
promises
ses
3. =eep on titime
+. %e patient
patient with
with the
the infor
informant
mantss
H. Invest
Investiga
igates
tes all
all lea
leadsds
4. %e noncomm
noncommittaittall for the value
value of informat
information
ion receiv
received.
ed.
';.All information is valuable until proven otherwise.

ourts and Informants)

'. If the informant has done
done more,
more, he could
could be
be a material
material witness.
witness.
. If the informant
informant partic
participat
ipated
ed in crime or assiste
assisted
d in planning
planning or was involv
involved
ed in
some overt act of the crime.
. If the informant
informant actuall$
actuall$ aided
aided in the actual investiga
investigation
tion at crime
crime scene.
scene.
>. nless
nless there is a previous
previous agreeme
agreement nt regarding
regarding court
court appearanc
appearance,e, an informan
informantt
should not be re<uired to appear in court.
 

ndercover *perations
1 It is ha!ardo
ha!ardous
us and
and re<ui
re<uires
res extensi
extensive
ve prepa
preparati
ration
on and
and traini
training.
ng.
1 It should
should not
not be attem
attempted
pted,, unless
unless other
other inves
investiga
tigative
tive tech
techni<u
ni<ues
es have
have failed.
failed.
1 nde
ndercrcov
over
er asso
associ
ciat
atio
ion
n ca
cann on
onl$
l$ begi
beginn afte
afterr a unit
unit has
has rece
receiv
ived
ed comma
command nd
authori!ation.

&5CB*KCB AI8&-C&T
*the
*therwrwise
ise know
known
n as 6ropin
6roping7,
g7, it is form
form of invest
investiga
igatio
tion
n in which
which the invest
investiga
igator 
tor 
assumes a different and unofficial identit$ in order to obtain information and locate the
criminal.
It is a strateg$ wherein a member of the police organi!ation
organi!ation Doins the underworld for the
purpose of obtaining evidence or gathering of information against the criminals and
criminal organi!ation.

*bDectives of ndercover Work

'. To obtain evidence
evidence against
against criminals
criminals and
and criminal
criminal organi!ation.
organi!ation.
. To obtain information
information concerning
concerning people
people engaged
engaged in criminal
criminal activities.
activities.
. To check
check information
information supplied
supplied b$ informers
informers for accurac$
accurac$ and
and reliabilit$
reliabilit$..
>. To ch
chec
eck
k lo$
lo$alt$
alt$ of pers
person
onss in the
the orga
organi
ni!a
!ati
tion
on that
that is susp
suspececte
ted d of bein
being
g
engaged in criminal activit$.
:. To determine the extent
extent of subversive
subversive operation
operation of an organi!atio
organi!ation.
n.
3. To obtain
obtain fixed
fixed and clear cut basis
basis for issua
issuance
nce of a search warran
warrantt or for the
conduct of a raid.

Be<uirements &eeded for ndercover *peration

'. egitima
egitimate
te author
authorit$
it$ must
must be secure
secured
d / ordered
ordered b$ #@#@
. Ade<uate
Ade<uate planning
planning should
should be recorde
recordedd particul
particularl$
arl$ the time of ope
operati
ration,
on, extend
extend
of operation, participants and information needed that should be secured.
. onceal
oncealment
ment of iden
identit$
tit$ of agen
agent.
t.
>. 2rov
2rovisi
isions
ons on how communic
communicati ation
on wi
with
th head
head<ua
<uarte
rters
rs shoul
should
d proc
proceed
eed form
form
undercover agent.

pecial @ualifications for ndercover Agents

'. Cxcelle
Cxcellent
nt memor$
memor$ in the conduct
conduct of undercov
undercoverer work in order
order to dispense
dispense with
the taking of notes.
. #ighl$
#ighl$ skilled
skilled adapta
adaptableble to assume
assume new ident
identit$
it$..
. 2h$sical
2h$sical appearance
appearance and capabilities
capabilities consistent
consistent with
with the role
role to be pla$ed.
pla$ed.
>. ing
ingui
uist
stic
ic capa
capabi
bili
lit$
t$ to enab
enable
le him
him to spea
speak k term
termin
inol
olog
ogie
ies
s and
and tech
techni
ni<u
<ues
es
involved in professional operation of an organi!ation.
 

Informant &et / It is controlled group of people who worked through the direction of the
agent handler. The informants, principal or cutouts suppl$ the agent handler directl$ or 
indirectl$ with interl information

Infor
Informan
mants
ts (Asse
(Asset"
t" / peop
peoplele selec
selecte
ted
d as source
sources s of infor
informat
matio
ion,
n, which
which could
could be
voluntar$, or in consideration of a price.
'. Informan
Informantt / refers
refers to a person
person who gives
gives informati
information
on to the police volunt
voluntaril
aril$
$ or 
involuntaril$ without an$ consideration.
. Informer / those who
who give informatio
information
n to the police
police for
for price or reward.

-ethods of Techni<ues of ollecting Information

'. riminal Informant / an informant
informant who
who give information
information to the police
police pertaining
pertaining to
to
the underworld about organi!ed criminals
criminals with the understanding
understanding that his identit$
will be protected.
. onfidential
onfidential Informant
Informant / is similar
similar to the former but
but he gives
gives information
information violate
violate of 
the law to includes crime and criminals.
. Koluntar$
Koluntar$ Informant
Informant / a t$pe of informant
informant who
who give information
information freel$
freel$ and willfull$
willfull$
as a witness to a certain act
>. pecial
pecial Informant
Informant / those
those who gives
gives informat
information
ion concernin
concerning
g special
speciali!ed
i!ed cases
cases
onl$ and it is regarded a special treatment b$ the operatives (ex. Teachers,
businessmen"
:. Anon$mo
Anon$mous us Informant
Informant / those who gives
gives information
information through
through teleph
telephone
one with the
hope that the informant cannot be identified.

 Anon$mous Informant
 Anon$mous Informant
'. Automatic (NA7" / A person who
who gives information
information because
because of the
the character
character of his
position (2&2JA92J&%"
. 2enetration
2enetration (627" / *ne who
who has been specifica
specificall$
ll$ detailed
detailed to penetrate
penetrate a specific
specific
organi!ation or target of intelligence interest.
. 9ull time
time (6E7"
(6E7" #is maDor occupatio
occupation n is suppl$ing
suppl$ing information.
information.
>. *rdin
*rdinar$
ar$ (6*7"
(6*7" / suppl
supplies
ies informa
informatition
on which
which he gains
gains durin
during
g his normal
normal dail$
dail$
routine.

ub1t$pe of Informant
'. Inciden
Incidental
tal Informan
Informantt / a person
person who casuall$
casuall$ imparts
imparts information
information to an officer 
officer 
with no intention of providing subse<uent information
. Becruite
Becruitedd Informant
Informant / a person
person who is selecte
selected
d cultivate
cultivated
d and developed
developed into
into a
continuous source of info

ategories of Becruited Informants)

 

'. pont
pontan
aneou
eous s or Automa
Automatic
tic Informa
Informant
nt / Inform
Informant
antss who
who b$ the
the nature
nature of their 
their 
work or position in societ$ have a certain legal, moral or ethical responsibilities to
report info to the police
. *rdinar$ run1of1the1militar$
run1of1the1militar$ informant / informants
informants that are under
under the compulsion
compulsion
to report info to the police
. pecial Cmplo$ee
Cmplo$ee / Informants
Informants who are
are of a specific operational
operational nature
nature

*ther lassification of Informant

'. Autom
Automat atic
ic / 2enet
2enetrat
ratio
ion
n
. 9ull time
. Bi
Biva
vall / Clim
Climininat
atio
ion
n
>. 9alse
9alse Informa
Informant nt / 9righ
9rightene
tenedd Informa
Informant
nt
:. elf1agg
elf1aggrand
randi!in
i!ingg informan
informantt
3. -erce
-ercenarnar$ $ inform
informant
ant
+. 5oub
5ouble le cros
crosseserr infor
informan
mantt
H. Woma
Woman n in
info
form
rman
antt
4. egiti
egitimat
mate e infor
informan
mantt

COVER AND +NDERCOVER

over1 the means b$ which an individual group of organi!ation conceals the true
nature of its acts and or existence from the observer.
over tor$ / a biographical data through fictional that will portra$ the personalit$
of the agent he assumed, a scenario to cover up the operation.
over upport / an agent assigned in target areas with the primar$ mission of 
supporting the cover stor$.

I.(orta#*e o Co/er 
'. ecrec$
ecrec$ of operat
operation
ion agains
againstt enem$ intell
intelligen
igence
ce
. ecrec$ of operation
operation against
against friendl$
friendl$ agencies
agencies who
who do not have the need to know

. uccess
uccessful
ful accom
accomplis
plishmen
hmentt of the mission
mission
T'(es o Co/er 
'. &atural
&atural cover
cover / using
using actual
actual or true
true backgr
backgroun
oundd
. Artificial
Artificial / using
using biographical
biographical data
data adopted
adopted for the
the purpose.
purpose.
. over
over with
with in a cover
cover / Dustifica
Dustification
tion of
of existenc
existence
e
>. -ultiple
-ultiple cover
cover / an$ cover
cover $ou
$ou wish
wish

Ha0ar$s o Co/er 
'. tatic
tatic or dormant
dormant opposi
opposition
tion (ordin
(ordinar$
ar$ citi!e
citi!en"
n"
. nhostile
nhostile active
active opposition
opposition (political
(political securit$ agencies"
agencies"

. #ostile
#ostile active
active opposit
opposition
ion (enem$
(enem$ intl.
intl. operati
operaties"
es"
 

Or)a#i0atio#al Co/er   / / is an account consisting of biographical which when adopted

b$ an individual will assume the personalit$ he wants to adopt.

Ob1e*ti/es:  To coamoufla
coamouflage
ge and protect
protect operatio
operational
nal personne
personnell and their activitie
activities
s
2rotect installation on which clandestine activities are based.

+#$er*o/er Assi)#.e#t  / is an investigative techni<ue in which agent conceal his

official identif$ an obtain information from that organi!ation

+ses o +#$er*o/er Assi)#.e#t

'. se independen
independentl$
tl$ to get first hand
hand info about
about the subDect
subDect of investigation
investigation
. uppleme
upplement
nt other
other investiga
investigativ
tive
e techni<ue
techni<ues
s like)

+NDERCOVER AGENT
pecial <ualifications) knowledge of the languages, Area background regarding events,
knowledge about the custom and habits, 2h$sical appearance, an artist.
Fa*tor *o#si$ere$ i# Sele*ti#) Co/er Stor'
'. -utual
-utual 2oint
2oint of Interest
Interest
. 0ustification
0ustification of presents
. 2revious
2revious and permanent
permanent address
address
>. Cfficie
Cfficienc$
nc$ of
of role
:. 9reedom from the the movement
movement
3. -eans
-eans of communicat
communication ion
+. ocial and financial
financial status
H. *ptional
*ptional alternate
alternate plan
4. afe
afe departu
departure re

Sele*ti#) A*tio# A)e#ts:

'. 2lacement
2lacement / location of prospective
prospective agent with respect to the target
. Access / it is the capabilit$
capabilit$ of a prospective
prospective agent to obtain the desired
desired info to the
intel organi!ation or to perform to intel collection mission in the area.

'. 2rimar$
2rimar$ Acces
Access s / it is the access
access to
to the desire
desired
d info
info..
. econdar$
econdar$ Access
Access / it is the access
access to the
the desired info through
through a principal
principal source
source
where the latter has the direct access.
. *utside
*utside Acces
Access s / the agent
agent is emplo$ed
emplo$ed outside
outside the target
target and merel$ monitor 
monitor 
info from a third person who is monitoring info in the area.

Moti/ati#) A)e#ts
'. Ideolog$
Ideolog$ / bel eves
eves in the
the princip
principle
le of lives
lives
. 2atr
trio
iottis
ism
m
 

. Bemu
Bemunenera
rati
tion
on
>. are
areer
er deve
develolopm
pmen
entt
:. 9ear

Natre o A)e#t Ha#$li#)

'. har
haring
ing a secre
secrett purpo
purpose
se
. Agent handler controls the agent
agent operationa
operationall$
ll$ and administrativel$
administrativel$
. Agent handler controls the agent
agent operationa
operationall$
ll$ and administrativel$
administrativel$
>. Bapp
Bapport
ort wi
with
th eac
each
h othe
other 
r 
:. Besp
Bespect
ect wi
with
th cash
cash other
other

Basi* Pri#*i(les i# A)e#t Ma#a)e.e#t

'. Agent
Agent handler
handler must
must be charge
charge of the
the operat
operation
ion
. The act ensure
ensure the
the agen
agentt adhere
adherence
nce
. 8ood rapport
rapport must
must be established
established between
between the
the agent
agent handler
handler and the agent
>. The agent
agent handler
handler must
must constantl$
constantl$ reinforce
reinforce the agents
agents motivation
motivation

CONTROL / authorit$ to direct the agent to carr$out task or re<uirement on behalf of 
the clandestine organi!ation in an acceptable manner and securit$.

T2o
T2o Cate)ories o Co#trol
'. 2ositive ontrol / is character
characteri!ed
i!ed b$ professionalism
professionalism and rapport
rapport
a. Agen
Agentt mot
motiv
ivat
atio
ion
n
b. 2s$c
2s$chol
holog
ogic
ical
al contr
control
ol
. &egative
&egative control
control / characteri!ed
characteri!ed b$ blackmall
blackmall and threat
threat
a. 5isci
5iscipli
plinar
nar$
$ ac
actio
tion
n / inclu
includes
des verbal
verbal repri
repriman
mand d for poor perfo
performa
rmance
nce or 
insecur
ins ecuree actions
actions withhol
withholding
ding certain
certain materia
materiall rew
rewards
ards,, reductio
reduction
n of agents
agents
sa
sala
lar$
r$ or in extrextrem
emee situ
situat
atio
ion
n the
the thre
threat
at of term
termininat
atin
ing
g prof
profes
essi
sion
onal
al
relationship.
b. Cscro
Cscrow w Acco
Account
unt / contr
control
ol of an agent
agent b$ putti
putting
ng his salar$
salar$ in a bank
bank to be
withdrawn onl$ after a fulfillment of a condition
c. %lack
ackmail
mail

&e' ele.e#ts i# A)e#t Ma#a)e.e#t

'. 5irec
5irectio
tionn and
and contr
control
ol
. &atur
&atural
al weak
weaknes
nesse
ses
s
. Agen
Agentt trai
traini
ning
ng
>. Agen
Agentt ttes
esti
ting
ng
:. Agen
Agentt termi
terminanati
tion
on

Pro*ri#) A)e#ts
 

'. Agent
Agent in 2lace
2lace / an agent
agent who has
has been recru
recruite
ited
d b$ an intell
intellige
igence
nce serv
service
ice
within a highl$ sensitive target, who is Dust beginning a career or have been long
or (outside" insider.
. 5ouble Agent
Agent / an enem$
enem$ agent who
who has been captured,
captured, turned around and and sent
back where he came from as an agent of his captors.
. Cxpanda
Cxpandableble Agent
Agent / an agent though
though whom
whom false
false informatio
informationn is leaked to the
enem$.
>. 2enetrat
2enetration
ion Agent
Agent / an agent who
who has such reached
reached the enem$ get inf informa
ormation
tion
and would manage to get back alive.
:. Agent of Influence
Influence / an agent
agent who
who uses influence
influence to gain information
information
6.  Agent 2rovocati
2rovocation
on

F#$a.e#tal o Cr'(to)ra(h
• r$ptograph$ / tud$Jscience of encoding information in the form of code.

• odes / A s$stem on which arbitrar$ group of s$mbols represented b$ other letter 

a complete words phrases or sentence.
• ipher / A s$stem in which individual letters of a message are represented b$ the
letter a complete words, phrases or sentences.
• r$ptogram
r$pto gram / encr$pted
encr$pted textJmessage
textJmessage complete with heading of message written
in unintelligence text or language which impliesJconve$ hidden meaning.

Co#ter 1Inte
1Intelli
lligen
gence
ce ecu
ecurit
rit$
$ -easu
-easuresres and
and ecu
ecurit
rit$
$ *per
*perati
ation
ons
s in Bela
Belatio
tion
n to
Intelligence
5ocuments / An$ recorded information regardless of itFs ph$sical form or characteristics
and includes but not limited to the following)

Do*.e#ts Se*rit' / that aspect of securit$ which involves the application of securit$

measures for the proper protection and safeguarding of classified information

Classii*atio# Cate)ories / *fficial mater which re<uires protection in the interest of 
national securit$ shall be limited to four categories of classification which in descending
orderr of importa
orde importance
nce shall
shall carr$
carr$ one of the followi
following
ng designat
designations
ions)) T*2
T*2 CBCT
CBCT,,
CBCT,, *&9I5&CTIA BCTBITC5
CBCT

TOP SECRET MATTER

Information and material (matter", the unauthori!ed disclosure of which would
cause
caus e excepti
exceptional
onall$
l$ grave
grave damage to the nation,
nation, politica
politicall$
ll$,, economical
economicall$
l$ or from
from a
securit$ aspect. This categor$ is reserve for the nationFs closet secrets and is to be used
with great reserve.
 

SECRET MATTER
Information and material (matter", the unauthori!ed disclosure of which would endanger 
national securit$, cause serious inDur$ to the interest or prestige of the nation or of an$
governmental activit$ or would be of great advantage to a foreign nation.

CONFIDENTIAL MATTER
Information
Information and material (matter" the unauthori!ed disclosure
disclosure of which, while not
endangering the national securit$, would be preDudicial to the interest or prestige of the
nation or an governmental activit$, or would cause administrative embarrassment or 
unwarranted inDur$ to un individual or would be of advantage to a foreign nation.