Quarter 1, Module 3
Geometric Sequences and Series
Subject : MATHEMATICS
Grade level :10
Teacher :JOCELYN L. POJAS
VIDEO AUDIO
Overview This video help you to understand the
concept of geometric sequence and series.
And it also helps you differentiate a
geometric sequence from an arithmetic
sequence.
OBB
Greetings Good day everyone! I am Teacher Jocelyn,
but all of you are allowed to call me teacher
Lyn, your math teacher for today’s episode of
DWCI TV, and i believe in the saying that,
“Without mathematics , there’s nothing you
can do. Everything around you is
mathematics . Everything around you is
numbers. -by Shakuntala Devi, an indian
writer and mental calculator.
Review Before we start, lets find the next three terms
of the following sequences.
1.) 1,2,4,8,16...
To solve this problem you need to observe
the first five numbers, from the first number
which is 1 observe the next number why
became 2 followed by 4,8, and 16. For this
observation we can notice a certain pattern
and that is by multiplying by 2.
Our a1=1
1x2=2
2x2=4
4x2=8
8x2=16
16x2=32
32x2=64
64x2=128
So the next three terms are 32,64,and 128
Objectives After watching this video , you are expected
to understand the concept of geometric
sequence and series. It also help you to
differentiate a geometric sequence from an
arithmetic sequence.
Are you ready to learn students?
Okay, very good!
Discussion Did you know what is Geometric Sequence?
A Geometric sequence or geometric
progression is a sequence of a form
a1,a1r, a1r2,a1r3,...,a1rn-1,...
where a1 is the first term , r is a nonzero real
number called the common ratio, and the nth
term of the sequence is given by an= a1rn-1.
The common ratio r of a geometric sequence
can be obtained by dividing any term an, n>1,
by its preceding term. That is, r= an/an-1
Recall that, in an arithmetic sequence , the
terms are generated by repeatedly adding the
common difference to the first term . In a
geometric sequence , the terms are
generated by repeatedly multiplying the
common ratio to the first term.
Try to look to this examples.
1.)Determine the first five terms of the
geometric sequence with this given first terms
and common ratio.
a.a1=3 and r=2
a1=3
a2=3(2)=6
a3=3(22)=12
a4=3(23)=24
a5=3(24)=48
Therefor our first five terms are 3,6,12,24,48.
In finding the term in geometric sequence
like for example find the ninth term of the
geometric sequence 3,-6,12,-24,....
Since the first term is 3, we have a1=3. The
common ratio is
r=-6/3=-2.
Thus the ninth term of the sequence is
a9=3(-2)9-1=3(-2)8=3(256)=768.
So the ninth term of geometric sequence of
3,-6,12,-24,....is 768
Lets proceed on how to find geometric
means.
Suppose we are given that p, a, c and q form
a geometric sequence . We say that a, b,and
c are the three geometric means between p
and q.
If an and an+m+1 are two terms of geometric
sequence, then the terms an+1,an+2,...,an+m are
the m geometric means between an and
an+m+1.
Try to look at this example
1.)Insert three geometric means between 3
and 243.
Since we need three arithmetic means , we
are considering a geometric sequence with 5
terms such that a1=3 and a5=243. Using the
fact that a5=a1r4,we have
r4=a5/a1
=243/3
=81
r=3 or r=-3
If r =3,the three geometric means are 9,27
and 81. If r=-3, the three geometric means
are -9,27, and -81.
Infinite geometric series
An infinite geometric series is the sum of an
infinite geometric sequence. That is, if
a1,a1r,r2,...,a1rn-2,a1rn-1 are the first n terms of
a geometric sequence, we want to find
a1+a1r+a1r2+...+a1rn-1.This expression is
called a geometric series.
Let Sn=a1+a1r+a1r2+...+a1rn-2+a1rn-2.
Multiplying both sides by r, we obtain
rSn=a1r+a1r2+...+a1rn-2+a1rn-1+a1rn.
Subtracting this equation we get
Sn-rS=a1+a1r-a1r+a1r2-a1r2+...+a1rn-1-a1rn-
1-a rn
1
sn-rS=a1-a1rn
(1-r)Sn=a1(1-rn).
Therefore, if r=1, we have
Sn=a1(1-rn)/1-r
Take a look to this example ,using the formula
below.
Sn=a1(1-rn)
1-r
Find the sum of the first ten terms of the
geometric sequence 2,6,18,54,...
Note that the first term a1 of the sequence is
2,the common ratio r is 3, and n=10.
Thus, we have
a1=2, r=3, and n=10
S10=2(1-310)
1-3
=2(1-59 049 )
-2
=59 048
Application You already have an idea on how to find the
next terms of the following sequences, to find
the geometric sequence ,know what does
geometric means and its series, and also
knows how to find the sum of the first n terms
of a geometric sequence.
Lets go back to page 30,we will try to answer
activity A number 1.
Determine the first five terms of the
geometric sequence with given first term
and common ratio.
=4 and r=3
a1=4
a2=4(3)=12
a3=4(32)=24
a4=4(33)=108
a5=4(34)=324
The first five terms of the geometric sequence
with the given first term which is 4 and having
a ratio of 3 are ,4,12,24,108, and 324.
Now we will find the ninth term of the
geometric sequence 3,-6.12,-24,....
just divide the first two terms
r=-6 =-2
3
-6 divided by3 is -2
positive three divided by -2=6
then multiply 6 and 2=12
Let us take exclusive formula
an=a1rn-1
Now we will determine what is the ninth term.
Let us plug in
a9=(3)-(-2)9-1
a9=3(-2)8
2 raise to 8 power is 256 multiply by 3 so the
ninth term is 768
Therefore the first fourth term of the
sequence are 3,-6,12,=24 and the ninth term
is 768.
Amazing! You are already able to find the
term in a geometric sequence . Good job
students! Keep it up!
Assessment And now please prepare yourselves with your
note book and pen . It is your turn to do it with
your own.
Test A
Direction: Determine the first five terms of the
geometric sequence with the given first term
and common ratio. I will only give you 15
seconds to finish the task. (5points each)
Given Formula
(an=a1 rn-1)
1. a1=4 and r=3
2. a1=1 and r=-3
3. a1=12 and r=1/3
Test B
Directions: Determine whether the given
numbers can be the first five terms of a
geometric sequence or not. If so ,give the
common ratio.
1. 512,128,32,8,2,...
2. 2/3, 1/2,1/4,3/4,9/9,...
3. 20,15,10,5,...
4. 3,6,12,24,48
Takeaways Mathematics is the science that deals with
the logic of shape, quantity and
arrangement. Math is all around us , in
everything we do. It is the building block for
everything in or daily lives. It teaches us to
think logically. Like for example you ordered
small size of pizza but meanwhile your
friends arrived and your not aware about the
the scene ,you need to think different ways to
share that pizza with your friends.
STAR Moment That’s all for today about Geometric
Sequences and Series. Once again I am
Teacher Jocelyn.
Thank everyone! Keep safe and God bless us
all!
