Why is velocity important in sizing pipes?

From the knowledge gained at the beginning of this Module, and particularly the
notes regarding the D’Arcy equation (Equation 10.2.1), it is acknowledged that
velocity is an important factor in sizing pipes. It follows then, that if a reasonable
velocity could be used for a particular fluid flowing through pipes, then velocity
could be used as a practical sizing factor. As a general rule, a velocity of 25 to 40
m/s is used when saturated steam is the medium.

40 m/s should be considered a practical limit, as above this, noise and erosion will
take place particularly if the steam is wet. Some National standards quote velocities
up to 76 m/s for saturated steam. This can only be feasible if; the steam is dry, the
pipe is very well insulated, relatively short, straight, horizontal and can supply the
required pressure at the point of use.

Even these velocities can be high in terms of their effect on pressure drop. In longer
supply lines, it is often necessary to restrict velocities to 15 m/s to avoid high
pressure drops. It is recommended that pipelines over 50 m long are always
checked for pressure drop, no matter what the velocity.

By using Table 10.2.4 as a guide, it is possible to select pipe sizes from known data;
steam pressure, velocity and flowrate.