Research Methodology Assignment 1

Aman .Subhash. Deshmukh

Branch: Petroleum Engineering
PRN no: S1032210002

Q.1) what are the different type of research? Explain any three?
Answer: The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions.
There are different types of research as follows,
1. Descriptive research: Descriptive research refers to the methods that describe the characteristics
of the variables under study. This methodology focuses on answering relating to “what” than the
“why” of the research subject. The primary focus of descriptive research is to simply describe the
nature of the demographics under study instead of focusing on the “why”.
2. Diagnostic research: Diagnostic research refers to scientific differentiation among various condition
or phenomenon for the purpose of accurately classifying these conditions. Its objective includes
screening and classification personality description, prediction of outcome and attainment of
insight.
3. Hypothesis research: A hypothesis research is a specific, clear, and testable proposition or
predictive statement about the possible outcome of a scientific research study based on a
particular property of a population, such as presumed differences between groups on a particular
variable or relationship between variable. Specifying the research hypothesis is one of the most
important steps in planning a scientific quantitative research study.

Q.2) Explain how to write objectives of a research work?

Answer: The objectives of research work are written as follows;
a) Define the focus of your study.
b) Clearly identify variables to be measure.
c) Indicate the various steps to be involved
d) Establish the limits of the study.
e) Avoid collection of any data that is not strictly necessary.
Objectives can be general or specific. The general objective of your study states what you expect to achieve in
general terms. Specific objectives break down the general objective into smaller, logically connected parts the
systematically address the various aspects of the problem. Your specific objectives should specify exactly what
you will do in each phase of your study, how, where, when and for what purpose.
The objective should be stated using action verbs that are specific enough to be measure, for example: to
calculate, to assess, to compare, to verify, to determine. We should avoid using vague non-action verbs such as:
to appreciate, to understand, to believe, because it is difficult to evaluate whether they have been achieved.

Q.3) List of steps involves in method of research as per hierarchy and explain difficulties in collecting data?
Answer: Method of research involves 8 stages as follows;
a) Identify the problem
b) Reviewing the literature
c) Setting question/ objective and hypothesis
d) Choosing the study design
e) Deciding the sample design
f) Collecting data
g) Processing and analyzing data, drawing conclusion
h) Writing a report
The main problem in this process is collecting data, getting it right or as close to right as possible is critical when
collecting data. The consequences of failing to properly collect data include the inability to answer your research
questions, inability to validate the results, distorted finding, wasted resources, misleading recommendations and
decisions, and harm to participants. There are many things that could go wrong when collecting data, which may
ultimately compromise the trustworthiness of your findings.

Q.4) what are characteristics of good research problem?

Answer: Following are the characteristics of good research problem;
a) The problem can be stated clearly and concisely.
b) The problem generates research questions.
c) It is grounded in theory.
d) It relates to one or more academic fields of study.
e) It has a base in the research literature.
f) It has potential significance/importance.
g) It is do-able within the timeframe, budget.
h) Sufficient data are available or can be obtained.
i) The researcher’s methodological strengths can be applied to the problem.
j) The problem is new; it is not already answered sufficiently.

Q.5) Brief on source of research problem

Answer: The source of research problem is the situation that causes the researcher to feel apprehensive,
confused and ill at ease. It is the demarcation of a problem area within a certain context involving the WHO or
What, the Where, the When and the Why of the problem situation. There are many problem situation that may
give rise to research. Three sources usually contribute to problem identification. Three sources usually
contribute to problem identification. Own experience or the experience of others may be a source of problem
supply. A second source could be scientific literature. You may read about certain findings and notice that a
certain field was not covered. This could lead to a research problem. Theories could be a third source.
Shortcomings in theories could be researched. Research can thus be aimed at clarifying or substantiating an
existing theory, at clarifying contradictory findings, at correcting a faulty methodology, at correcting the
inadequate or unsuitable use of statistical techniques, at reconciling conflicting opinions, or at solving existing
practical problems. Usually we say that a research problem does exist if the following conditions are met with.

Q.6) Differentiate errors in sampling and measurement

Answer: Sampling: Sampling error occur when the wrong subpopulation is used to select a sample, or because
of variation in the number of representativeness of the sample that responds, but the resulting sample is not
representative of the population concern. Unfortunately, some element of sampling error is unavoidable, but
sometimes, it can be predicted.
Measurements: Measurements errors are generated by the measurement process itself, and represent the
difference between the information generated and the information wanted by researcher. Generally, there is
always some small level of measurement error due to uncontrollable factors. While not all these errors can be
completely avoidable, recognizing them is half the battle.
 Q.7) Write a short note on scope and limitations of research problem
Answer: Scope, in the context, refers to the range of topics, theory and knowledge that must be explored in
order to offer a relevant, pertinent and focused response to your question. Before you began troubleshooting a
problem, you must first define the scope of your problem. When defining the scope, you need to identify what is
working and what is not working. Sometimes it is useful to identify another machine that is working as you
expect. Scope identifies the boundaries of the study in terms of subjects, objectives, facilities, area, time frame,
and the issue to which the research is focused. Sample phrases that help express the scope of the study.
One of the first tasks you need to do when completing research is to identify the scope of the project. When
identifying the scope, you need to address not only the problem or issue that you want to study but the
population that you want to examine.
Limitations: There are numerous limitations that can impact your ability to complete quality research. Research
limitations may be methodological or a lack of researcher resources.
Limitations include the following:
a) Small sample size.
b) Limited diversity in your sample size.
c) Lack of previous research to examine.
d) Improper techniques or measurements used for collecting data.
e) Limited access to your project respondents.
f) Time constraints.
g) Personal conflicts and biases.
h) Budget restraints.

Q.8) explain qualities of good hypothesis.

Answer: These are the qualities of good hypothesis:
1. Power of Prediction: One of the valuable attribute of a good hypothesis is to predict for future. It not
only clears the present problematic situation but also predict for the future that what would be
happened in the coming time. So, hypothesis is a best guide of research activity due to power of
prediction.
2. Closest to observable things: A hypothesis must have close contact with observable things. It does not
believe on air castles but it is based on observation. Those things and object which we cannot observe,
for that hypothesis cannot be formulated. The verification of a hypothesis is based on observable things.
3. Simplicity: A hypothesis should be so dabble to every layman, P.V young says, “A hypothesis would be
simple, if a researcher has more in sight towards the problem”. W-ocean stated that, “A hypothesis
should be as sharp as razor’s blade”. So, a good hypothesis must be simple and have no complexity.
4. Clarity: A hypothesis must be conceptually clear. It should be clear from ambiguous information’s. The
terminology used in it must be clear and acceptable to everyone.
5. Relevant to available techniques: Hypothesis must be relevant to the technique which is available for
testing. A researcher must know about the workable techniques before formulating a hypothesis.
6. Fruitful for new Discoveries: It should be able to provide new suggestions and way of knowledge. It must
create new discoveries of knowledge J.S Mill, one of the eminent researchers says that “Hypothesis is
the best source of new knowledge it creates new ways of discoveries”.
7. Consistency & Harmony: Internal harmony and consistency is a major characteristic of good hypothesis.
It should be out of contradiction and conflicts. There must be a close relationship between variables
which one is dependent on other.