EXPERIMENT ON STRENGTH OF CEMENT IN SEA WATER

11.3.5 Strength
With a high cement content, strengths of 50 MPa are readily
achievable, although designers often feel they have to allow for weak
bands in the concrete and assume strengths of around 30 MPa in their
designs. As noted above, because underwater concrete is not
mechanically compacted and there is an excess of water in the mix, it
will not reach its full potential strength.
Strengths of 40 MPa are readily achievable when using tremies,
pumps, Hydrovalves and skips, although concrete placed with the
latter is more prone to having loose layers. The other placement
methods produce homogenous concrete provided they have been
used properly.